Plan

1. Introduction

2. Features of size, rhyme and ideological content

3. Artistic techniques and their role in the text

4.Conclusion

F. I. is rightfully considered one of the most brilliant landscape poets of the nineteenth century. His poems not only depict the beauty of nature, but also draw an invisible parallel between it and the human world. And even though he devoted most of his life to state activities, however, among his four hundred poems, each one is certainly the greatest creation of the poetic and philosophical thought of the true creator. This work was written by the poet in 1830.

The text is written in iambic pentameter with cross rhyming. The very structure of the verse is also amazing, because it consists of one compound sentence, which is read in one breath. Undoubtedly, this was not done by chance. The image of autumn, as a moment of preparation for a kind of death - sleep in nature, is so short-lived that it is precisely this syntactic feature that is intended to emphasize.

Created in a romantic vein, the poem is an example of landscape lyrics, but at the same time it is filled with a deep philosophical meaning, which is contained in the figurative metaphor of autumn, as the pores of a certain maturity in human life. The poet was able to discern that instantaneous beauty in a dull autumn landscape, sometimes elusive to the gaze of every person, which is why the concept of “lightness of the evenings” arises.

The use of the epithets “touching, mysterious charm” emphasizes the beauty of the moment, the mystery of the changes taking place in nature, which we take for granted. The metaphorical epithet “ominous brilliance” suggests that all this beauty is about to disappear, this is the insidiousness of the laws of the universe.

The use of assonances with "i", "a", "e", "y" creates a certain length of poetic lines, bringing a feeling of despondency into the soul of the reader. Alliterations with "l", "s", "p" allow you to convey the smoothness of movements contained in the fall of the leaf, the flutter of branches from a gust of breeze. The personification of the “sadly orphan land” depicts the autumn landscape so capaciously, in which the bare crowns of trees immediately appear, as if someone deliberately stole this beauty and decoration from the world.

But, despite the fact that everywhere the lyrical hero observes the damage brought by the autumn season, in every detail he notes a smile. And this is no accident, because it is well known that winter will come after autumn, and the long-awaited spring, when nature will be reborn again and appear in all its dazzling splendor. This is the law of life, and this is precisely its beauty. It is in the last line that the poet draws a parallel of all the described natural sensations with a person. Indeed, in the life of each of us comes its own autumn, the time of wisdom, the discovery of oneself, the time when we look back with a meek smile, the time when we begin to appreciate every moment of our life.

It is in human autumn that we realize how fleeting life is, that it passes just as instantly as autumn, that we no longer have the former beauty and splendor that we were so proud of before. But a person also has a kind of spring in his life, a new rebirth, which he will certainly feel in his children and grandchildren. How subtly Tyutchev notes such burning questions in this poem. How skillfully he portrayed everything living and inanimate as a single whole, endowed them with similar features and sensations, as if on purpose reminding us - readers of true values.

"Autumn Evening" Fyodor Tyutchev

Is in the lordship of autumn evenings
A touching, mysterious charm:
The ominous brilliance and variegation of trees,
Crimson leaves languid, light rustle,
Foggy and quiet azure
Over the sad orphan land,
And, like a premonition of descending storms,
A gusty, cold wind at times,
Damage, exhaustion - and on everything
That gentle smile of fading,
What in a rational being do we call
Divine bashfulness of suffering.

Analysis of Tyutchev's poem "Autumn Evening"

The landscape poetry of the poet Fyodor Tyutchev rightfully occupies a worthy place in Russian literature of the 19th century. And this is not surprising, since the author of numerous poems about the beauty of nature managed to organically combine the traditions of Russian and European literature in his works. The poems of Fyodor Tyutchev are designed in the spirit of classical odes, both in style and in content, but they are much more modest in size. At the same time, there is European romanticism in them, which is associated with Tyutchev's passion for the work of such poets as Heinrich Heine and William Blake.

The literary heritage of Fyodor Tyutchev is small and includes about 400 works, since the author devoted his entire life to the diplomatic public service, carving out rare free hours for creativity. However, a magnificent example of classical romanticism is his poem "Autumn Evening", written in 1830. At this time, Fedor Tyutchev was in Munich, acutely feeling not only loneliness, but also homesickness. Therefore, an ordinary October evening inspired not only sad memories for the poet, but also set him in a lyric-romantic mood, which, in turn, prompted him to write a very elegant, exciting and filled with deep philosophical meaning poem called “Autumn Evening”.

It would seem that autumn itself evokes a feeling of longing, which is subconsciously associated with the extinction of life, the completion of another cycle that makes a person older. Approximately the same feelings are evoked by the evening twilight, which the Symbolists associate with old age and wisdom. However, in the time of Tyutchev, it was not customary in literature to express themselves through symbols, so the author tried to find positive moments in the obviously sad combination of autumn and evening, emphasizing from the first lines of the poem that “the lordship of autumn evenings” has a special, inexplicable charm. Watching how the autumn twilight descends on the “sadly orphaned land”, the poet managed to catch the moment when the last rays of light touched the multi-colored crowns of trees, flashing in bright foliage. And Fyodor Tyutchev compared this amazingly beautiful phenomenon with the “mild smile of withering” of nature. And - he immediately drew a parallel with people, noting that in rational beings such a state is called "divine bashfulness of suffering."

It is noteworthy that in the poem "Autumn Evening" the poet does not share such concepts as living and inanimate nature, rightly believing that everything in this world is interconnected, and a person often copies in his gestures and actions what he sees around. Therefore, autumn in the work of Fyodor Tyutchev is associated with spiritual maturity, when a person realizes the true price of beauty and regrets that he can no longer boast of a fresh face and a clean look. And the more he admires the perfection of nature, in which all processes are cyclical and at the same time have a clear sequence. A huge mechanism, launched by an unknown force, never fails. Therefore, a feeling of lightness and joy is mixed with a slight sadness, which is inspired by trees shedding their foliage, early evenings and gusty cold winds. After all, autumn will be replaced by winter, and after that the surrounding world will again change beyond recognition and will be full of rich spring colors. And a person, having passed the next life cycle, will become a little wiser, having learned to find sensual pleasure in every lived moment and appreciate any season, depending on the vagaries of nature, his own preferences and prejudices.

In Russian poetry, a special place is occupied by the landscape lyrics of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, who is able to amazingly accurately convey the beauty of nature. The poem "Autumn Evening" is a subtle reflection of the fading beauty and peculiar charm of autumn. A brief analysis of "Autumn Evening" according to the plan will help 8th grade students prepare for a literature lesson.

Brief analysis

History of creation– The poem was written in 1830, during the writer's stay in Munich.

Theme of the poem– Comprehension of the unity of nature and man. Comparison of a quiet autumn evening with human life, spiritual maturity, when the wisdom is acquired to appreciate every moment.

Composition- The poem consists of three conditional parts: in the first, the author describes the beauty of the autumn landscape, in the second - dramatizes the inevitability of changes in nature, in the third - comes to a philosophical conclusion about the cyclical nature of being.

Genre- Landscape lyrics.

Poetic size- Iambic pentameter with a double foot, with cross rhyming.

Metaphors – "diversity of trees", "mysterious charm".

epithets- "impulsive, cold", "crimson".

Avatars- "the meek smile of fading", "the sad orphan earth", "languid whisper".

Inversions- "crimson leaves", "cold wind at times."

History of creation

Immediately after graduating from Moscow University, Fedor Ivanovich came to grips with the state diplomatic service and was assigned to Munich. Being an excellently educated person, he sought to get acquainted with the best minds of Europe, regularly attended lectures by outstanding scientists of his time. However, nostalgia for the homeland made itself felt.

Unable to speak with anyone abroad in his native language, the young diplomat filled this void by writing poetry. Homesickness, which was only intensified by the autumn weather, prompted Tyutchev to write an incredibly lyrical, exciting and slightly melancholic work.

Topic

The main theme of the poem is the identification of man and nature, the living and non-living world, between which Tyutchev always saw an inseparable connection.

Despite the "autumn" mood of a literary work, it still does not cause a depressive mood. The lyrical hero strives to see wonderful moments even through the prism of general fading: “light rustle”, “mysterious charm”, “lightness of the evenings”.

At this time of the year, as never before, the transience of life, the loss of youth, beauty, and strength are acutely felt. However, after autumn, winter invariably comes, and after - spring, giving a new rebirth. In nature, everything is cyclical, as well as in human life: sadness will invariably be replaced by joyful and bright days, and life tests passed will leave behind invaluable experience that will be useful in the future. The ability to appreciate and enjoy every moment of life, not to succumb to despondency and melancholy - this is the true wisdom and the main idea that the poet wanted to convey in his work.

Composition

The poem "Autumn Evening" is characterized by a harmonious three-part composition. A stanza consisting of twelve lines can be painlessly divided into three quatrains. All of them will harmoniously line up in a single line of narration, in which the bright lyrics of a landscape sketch smoothly transition to a deep philosophical understanding.

The first part of the verse presents a general picture of the autumn landscape. The author puts forward a general thesis on which the entire poem is built.

In the second part, the dramatic components of the work come into force, emphasizing the inevitability of the withering of nature.

In the finale, a philosophical view of changes in nature is given, in which the writer sees the cyclicity and inseparable connection of man with the outside world.

Genre

The poem "Autumn Evening" is written in the genre of landscape lyrics, where the central place is given to the beauty of nature.

The work consists of twelve lines, written in iambic pentameter with a two-syllable foot, using cross-rhyming. It is noteworthy that the poem is a complex sentence. But, despite such an unusual construction, it is read very easily, in one breath.

means of expression

To describe nature in his work, Tyutchev skillfully used various means of artistic expression: epithets, metaphors, comparisons, personifications, inversion.

Incredible brilliance and rich imagery of lines is achieved through the use of numerous epithets("impulsive, cold", "crimson", "touching, mysterious") and metaphors(“variegation of trees”, “mysterious beauty”).

Thanks to personifications(“the meek smile of fading”, “the sad orphan earth”, “languid whisper”) nature seems to come to life, acquires human feelings.

appear in the text and inversions: “crimson leaves”, “cold wind at times”.

The writer compares the “mild smile of withering” of autumn nature with the “divine bashfulness of suffering” in man.

Tyutchev is one of the great Russian poets of the 19th century, who subtly felt the beauty of the surrounding nature. His landscape poetry occupies a significant place in Russian literature. “Autumn Evening” is Tyutchev’s poem, which combines European and Russian traditions, reminiscent of a classical ode in style and content, although its size is much more modest. Fedor Ivanovich was fond of European romanticism, Heinrich Heine was his idol, so his works are designed in this direction.

The content of the poem "Autumn Evening"

Tyutchev left behind not so many works - about 400 poems, because all his life he was engaged in diplomatic public service, there was practically no free time for creativity. But absolutely all of his works are striking in their beauty, lightness, and accuracy in describing certain phenomena. It is immediately clear that the author loved and understood nature, was a very observant person. "Autumn Evening" Tyutchev wrote in 1830 during a business trip to Munich. The poet was very lonely and dreary, and the warm October evening inspired him with memories of his homeland, set him in a lyric-romantic mood. And so the poem "Autumn Evening" appeared.

Tyutchev (analysis shows the fullness of the work with a deep philosophical meaning) did not express himself with the help of symbols, in his time this was not accepted. Therefore, the poet does not associate autumn with the fading of human beauty, the fading of life, the completion of the cycle that makes people older. Evening twilight among the Symbolists is associated with old age and wisdom, autumn evokes a feeling of longing, but Fyodor Ivanovich tried to find something positive and charming in the autumn evening.

Tyutchev simply wanted to describe the landscape that opened to his eyes, to convey his vision of this time of the year. The author likes the "lightness of autumn evenings", twilight falls on the earth, but sadness is illuminated by the last rays of the sun, which touched the tops of the trees and illuminated the foliage. Fyodor Ivanovich compared this with "the meek smile of withering." The poet draws a parallel between people and nature, because in a person such a state is called suffering.

The philosophical meaning of the poem "Autumn Evening"

Tyutchev in his work did not distinguish between living and because he considered everything in this world to be interconnected. People very often even unconsciously copy some actions or gestures that they see around. Autumn time is also identified with a person, associated with his spiritual maturity. At this time, people stock up on knowledge and experience, realize the value of beauty and youth, but cannot boast of a clean look and a fresh face.

"Autumn Evening" Tyutchev wrote with a slight sadness about the irrevocably gone days, but at the same time with admiration for the perfection of the world around him, in which all processes are cyclical. Nature has no failures, autumn brings melancholy with a cold wind tearing off yellow leaves, but winter will come after it, which will cover everything around with a snow-white blanket, then the earth will wake up and be full of juicy herbs. A person, experiencing the next cycle, becomes wiser and learns to enjoy every moment.

Target:

• know the main motives of Tyutchev's lyrics, features of the image of the natural world;
• be able to analyze and interpret the poet's landscape lyrics;

Equipment: a computer with a projector, slides depicting a portrait of Tyutchev, Levitan's paintings “Golden Autumn”, “Autumn. Sokolniki", with the texts of the poems "Autumn Evening" by Tyutchev and "A dull time! Eyes charm ... "Pushkin.

During the classes

I. Opening speech of the teacher.

We have already said that Tyutchev's poetry is beyond time and space, it is deep, philosophical and relevant at any time. Love and hate, life and death, joy and sorrow, suffering and peace - all this is in the poet's lyrics. The world of human suffering, experiences, on the one hand, and the world of nature, on the other. But these two worlds exist inextricably linked. Sometimes it seems that a person in this world is a grain of sand. He is powerless, weak before the elemental forces of nature:

And a man, like a homeless orphan,
It stands now, and weak and naked,
Face to face before the dark abyss...
In his soul, as in the abyss, he is immersed,
And there is no outside support, no limit ...

But the nature of the poet has another face:

Not what you think, nature:

These verses will become the epigraph to our lesson.

Tyutchev's landscape lyrics are deeply philosophical in nature. The image of nature and human life are woven together in it. Man is shown as a part of nature, and nature itself is shown as a living being endowed with human qualities. Discord between them leads to tragedy. The image of nature and man in it is the main motive of the poet's work.

Today we will read the poem "Autumn Evening" and try to immerse ourselves in the poetic world of Tyutchev.

II. Reading and analysis of the poem "Autumn Evening".

Before plunging into the world of Tyutchev's poetry, let's turn to our own experience: write your associations to the word AUTUMN. Levitan's paintings "Golden Autumn" and "Autumn in Sokolniki" will help you remember your feelings, sensations - paintings are shown on the screen. After the students write their association words, they pronounce them, supplement their notes. An approximate list of words: September, yellow leaves, transparent, clean air, silence, golden autumn, Indian summer, web, delight, admiration; rain, mud, slush, dark nights, cloudy skies, quiet evenings, cold winds, inclement weather, sadness, melancholy, loneliness... The lonely dark figure of a woman in Levitan's painting speaks of some kind of loss, grief, as if something has gone forever ... But there may be completely unexpected words - it depends on the students. This work is carried out in order to create a certain mood, to prepare students for the perception of Tyutchev's poem, which is quite difficult for students of the Yakut school. At the same time, the teacher says that all the work that is being done today in the lesson is preparation for home composition, everything that they learn will be written down and will serve as material for the composition.

Reading a poem(the text is shown on the screen, available in textbooks)

Is in the lordship of autumn evenings
A touching, mysterious charm:
Sinister shine and variegation of trees
Crimson leaves languid, light rustle,
Foggy and quiet azure
Over the sad orphan land,
And, like a premonition of descending storms,
A gusty, cold wind at times,
Damage, exhaustion - and over everything
That gentle smile of fading,
What in a rational being do we call
Divine bashfulness of suffering.

Let's analyze the poem:

What mood does it evoke? Write in a notebook your feelings, your mood (sad, solemn, delight, admiration, anxiety, a sense of loss, loss, longing)

• What creates this mood, causes these feelings? (epithets, metaphors, comparisons).
• Write these words in two columns - “bright” and “dark” (lightness of autumn evenings, touching, mysterious charm, languid, light rustle of leaves, foggy and quiet azure, meek smile, divine; ominous shine, sadly orphaned earth, foreboding of storms, gusty wind, damage, exhaustion, withering, suffering)
• To better understand the poem, let's work with some of them.
• How do you understand the word AMAZING? Pick up the same-root words - be touched, dear. That is beloved. That which causes admiration, admiration.
• metaphors languid rustle, orphaned earth - what do they mean?
• VOLUME - look, voice. Let's pick up synonyms - exciting, gentle, caressing. Tyutchev has a languid rustle of leaves.
• Why is the earth ORphaned? (everything around is empty, the trees shed their summer dress, the grass withers, dries, the fields are also empty). Everything around is dying, the earth is orphaned.
• Why MYSTERIOUS beauty? Because the picture causes conflicting feelings. On the one hand, a quiet, lovely autumn evening and suddenly ... Find a place in the poem where the mood changes. What is it connected with? What happens all of a sudden? - gusty wind. Which brings anxiety, a mood of hopelessness, fatigue ... No wonder they say the wind of change. Wind - always to change the weather. The weather in autumn is very changeable - either the sun, or the rain, or the wind ... Autumn is an intermediate season between a bright, colorful, noisy summer and a harsh winter. Nature prepares for a long winter in autumn. It's like the calm before the storm. That's where this mystery comes from - it is not known what will happen tomorrow.
• Find another metaphor that clearly expresses this contradiction. Sinister brilliance - the epithet SININTER portends something evil, terrible. This approach is called oxymoron - a stylistic figure, a combination of contrasting words that create a new concept. For example, a living corpse, a cruel angel, an honest thief, etc. Students write the definition of the new word in their notebooks.
• WILTING - pick up synonyms: fading, aging, disappearance, dying. Nature dies in autumn, colors fade, everything becomes pale, unsteady, unreliable.
• Tyutchev's nature lives, suffers, like a person. This is a poem about nature, but not only. Think about what else?
• About human life. About old age. About bashful, divine suffering. A very wise person could write like that. They say the autumn of life has come. This is when a person has lived life, everything is behind, only death is ahead. And then it becomes clear where this aching sadness comes from, where this suffering comes from.
• What do you think old people suffer from? (from loneliness, from misunderstanding, from weakness, from the fact that there is not enough attention, care ...) But they suffer in silence. They seem to be ashamed of their old age. That's where this bashful, divine suffering comes from.
• What is the peculiarity of Tyutchev's image of nature? How does he show it? (He shows her as a living being, he is trying to understand her soul, to hear her voice. Tyutchev's nature is a living being). In this we see the philosophical nature of the poem. It is about nature, and at the same time about human life.

Let's make a short conclusion: Tyutchev's poem evokes a double feeling - on the one hand, we see a lovely picture of a quiet autumn, when everything is golden, full of bright colors, we hear a slight rustle of leaves, we feel a breath of fresh wind. Thin cobwebs fly in the clean, transparent air. And this picture makes us delight, admiration, tenderness. On the other hand, just like in Levitan’s painting “Autumn in Sokolniki”, a feeling of grief, longing, loneliness appears in the poem - the wind, like a premonition of descending storms, sweeps away everything in its path, plucks leaves from trees, the forest is bare, the fields are empty , everything fades, dries, dies ... An association with human life comes, when old age comes - behind a stormy life, full of events, only death is ahead. It's getting creepy. Tyutchev's poem makes you think about life, about its meaning. The fact that we are all children of nature, and are connected with it by an inextricable thread.

Rereading the poem.

• Isn't it true that now you read it differently?
• What verses of another poet remind Tyutchev's poem? - Pushkin's poems "A sad time! Eyes charm! ”: a lot in common in the description of nature, autumn. But Pushkin has a lyrical hero in the center, his feelings. Tyutchev has nature as a living being. Compare: students read Pushkin's poems that appear on the screen.

III. Conclusion.

So, we learned that Tyutchev's poetry is a special world where nature and man are merged into one. The famous Russian poet and critic V.Ya. Bryusov said that Tyutchev's poems about nature are always a passionate declaration of love. And the other called Tyutchev a poet of night revelations, a poet of heavenly and spiritual abysses. The soul is the most important thing that permeates all of Tyutchev's poetry. Let's go back to the epigraph of the lesson:

Not what you think, nature:
Not a cast, not a soulless face,
It has a soul, it has freedom,
It has love, it has language.

In the end, I want to quote the words of the famous poet L.A. Ozerova: “Tyutchev showed Russia the power of the word. With a sharp mind and a wise heart, he opened such secrets of the Universe and the human soul, into which no one had looked before him. There is a Tyutchev galaxy. It has breadth, height, depth, the extent of space and time. This is a grain of sand and a star, a rainbow and a fountain, dawn and sunset, twilight and snowy peaks, a thunderstorm and a hot afternoon ... This is a delight before the greatness of the night and a prayer for an untimely departed beloved, thoughts of old age and a song about the spring of life ... "

IV. Homework:

write a mini-essay "Reading Tyutchev's poem ..."