New circumstances of the death of A.S.

He defended Danzas and protected (as he thought) Pushkin's papers from the gendarmes - this was a matter of great importance, on which the fate of Pushkin's as yet unpublished works and, perhaps, all his writings in general depended. That night Dahl sat with Pushkin. Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky and Vielgorsky were in the next room. “From the morning of the 28th,” writes Zhukovsky, “on which the news spread throughout the city that Pushkin was dying, the hall was full of people who came. "The touching feeling of national, general grief was expressed in this movement, arbitrary, unprepared. The number of visitors finally became so great that the door of the hallway (which was next to the study where the dying man lay) was constantly opened and closed; this disturbed the suffering; we they came up with the idea of locking the door from the hallway into the hallway, pushed it back and opened another, narrow one, straight from the stairs to the sideboard, and fenced off the living room from the dining room with screens ... From that moment on, the sideboard was packed with people; only acquaintances entered the dining room, simple-hearted expressions participation, many cried."
Pushkin was dying. “I stood with Count Vielgorsky at his bedside, in my head; Turgenev stood on the side,” Zhukovsky describes the last hours of Pushkin on January 29. “Dal whispered to me:“ Departs. ”But his thoughts were bright ... Dal, at his request, took him under the armpits and lifted him higher, and suddenly, as if waking up, he quickly opened his eyes, his face cleared, and he said: “Life is over.” Dal, not having heard, answered: “Yes, it's over; we put you down." - "Life is over!" - he repeated clearly and positively. "It's hard to breathe, it's pressing!" - were his last words. At that moment I did not take my eyes off him and noticed that the movement of the chest, hitherto quiet, "It became intermittent. It soon ceased. I looked attentively, waiting for the last breath; but I did not notice it. The silence that enveloped him seemed to me a calm. Everyone above him was silent. After about two minutes I asked: "What is he?" ", - Dal answered me. So quietly, so mysteriously his soul departed. We stood silently over him for a long time, not moving, not daring to violate the great mystery of death, which took place before us in all its touching shrine. When everyone left, I sat down in front of him and for a long time alone looked into his face. Never on this face did I see anything like what was on it at that first minute of death. His head bowed somewhat: his hands, in which there had been some kind of convulsive movement for several minutes, were calm outstretched, as if fallen to rest after heavy th labor.
But what was expressed on his face, I do not know how to put into words. It was so new to me and so familiar at the same time! It was not a dream and not peace! It was not an expression of mind, so characteristic of this face before; it was not a poetic expression either! Not! some deep, amazing thought was developing on him, something like a vision, some kind of complete, deep, contented knowledge. Looking at him, I kept wanting to ask him: "What do you see, friend? .." Such was the end of our Pushkin.
When Pushkin's body was carried into the next room, Zhukovsky sealed the office doors with his seal. He went to Vielgorsky; even before the duel, Pushkin was also invited to Vielgorsky, since Zhukovsky's birthday was to be celebrated. "January 29. The birthday of Zhukovsky and the death of Pushkin," Alexander Turgenev wrote in his diary.

“Finally, the pain, apparently, began to subside,” Dr. Spassky wrote in his note five days later (titled “The Last Days of Pushkin. An Eyewitness Account”), “but his face still expressed deep suffering, his hands were still cold, his pulse was barely noticeable. “A wife, ask for a wife,” said Pushkin. With a cry of grief she rushed to the sufferer. The sight brought tears to everyone's eyes. The unfortunate woman had to be distracted from the bed of the dying.

“I won’t describe this parting moment to you. Then he demanded children; they slept; they were brought and brought to him half asleep. He turned his eyes to each one in silence; put his hand on his head; baptized and then with a movement of his hand sent away from himself.

“Who is here?” - he asked Spassky and Danzas, - Zhukovsky informed the poet's father. - They called me and Vyazemsky. "Call me," he said in a weak voice. I went up, took his cold, outstretched hand to me, kissed it: I could not say anything to him, he waved his hand, I walked away. He said goodbye to Vyazemsky in the same way.

“He said goodbye to us in the midst of terrible torment and convulsive movements, but with a vigorous spirit and with tenderness. He shook my hand firmly and said: I'm sorry, be happy! , - wrote Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky himself in a letter to Alexander Yakovlevich Bulgakov.

“At that moment, Count Vielgorsky arrived, and went in to him, and also at the last gave him a living hand. It was obvious that he was in a hurry to make his last earthly calculation and seemed to be eavesdropping on death coming towards him. Taking his pulse, he told Spassky: death is coming.<…>

From the morning of the 28th, in which the news spread throughout the city that Pushkin was dying, the hall was full of people coming. Some inquired about him through messengers, others - and people of all fortunes, acquaintances and strangers - came themselves, ”Zhukovsky wrote to Sergey Lvovich Pushkin.

It was by order of Zhukovsky that bulletins began to be hung on the door to notify numerous visitors. On the morning of January 28, Vasily Andreevich wrote the first sheet: “The first half of the night is restless; the latter is better. There are no new threatening seizures; but just as not, and yet there can be no relief.

Ya. N. Neverov - S. P. Shevyrev.

“Today, all day long, pedestrians crowded in front of Pushkin’s house and carriages drove around: the whole city takes a lively part in the poet, they are constantly sent from all sides to inquire about what is happening to him ...”

« 28 January.

11 o'clock morning. He often calls for a moment to his wife, who kept saying: "He will not die, I feel that he will not die." Now she seems to see death approaching. - Pushkin says goodbye to all of us; shakes hands and then signals to leave. He shook my hand twice, looked, but was unable to say a word. The wife said again: "Something tells me he will live." - With Velgursky, with Zhukovsky also said goodbye. Learning that Katerina Andreevna Karamzina was there, he asked me to call her twice and let her know to cross him. She sobbed and went out.

11 1 / 2 . Again he called for his wife, but they did not let her in; for after he had said to her: “Arndt has told me my sentence, I am mortally wounded,” she lies in nervous suffering in prayer before the images. - He was worried about his wife, thinking that she knew nothing about the danger, and said that "people will eat her, thinking that she was indifferent at that moment." This decided him to speak about the danger.

“... Yesterday,” Alexander Ivanovich Turgenev wrote on the same day to his cousin Nefedyeva in Moscow, “at a party at Prince. Alexei I. Shcherbatov, Skaryatin comes up to me and asks: “What is he like and is there any hope?” I did not know what to answer, because I did not know who he was asking me about. “Don't you know,” replied Skaryatin, “that Pushkin is wounded and very dangerous, he is hardly alive now?” I did not think about the Poet Pushkin; for I saw him the day before, at the ball at Count. Razumovskaya, on the eve, that is, on the third day, spent part of the morning with him; I saw him cheerful, full of life, without the slightest sign of thoughtfulness: we talked for a long time about many things and he joked and laughed. On the 3rd and 4th days also I spent most of the morning with him; we read the papers he was preparing for the 5th book of his journal. Every evening I saw him at the balls calm and cheerful.<…>

One of the most important sources for reconstructing the history of the duel and the last days of Pushkin's life is Zhukovsky's letter to the poet's father, which is "the most reliable and authoritative" description. When compiling the letter, Vasily Andreevich used not only his personal impressions, but also the testimonies of other eyewitnesses: the notes of doctors V.V. Scholz, I.T. Spassky, V.I. Dahl. This letter was intended for the poet's father, who lived at that time in Moscow, and also for the widest distribution.

The letter was first published in No. 5 of Sovremennik in 1837, but with significant cuts. And only more than thirty years later it was published in full in the "Russian Archive" (1870, book 2, article 247), after which it began to be published in full edition in the collections of his works, for example, in the "Works of V.A. Zhukovsky" vol.VI SPb., 1878, p.8-22.

The famous Pushkinist P.E. Shchegolev, having familiarized himself with two lists of Zhukovsky's letter from the collection of A.F. Onegin, which had not yet been published, decided to compare them with previously known sources. He found out that the first list was a draft and contained numerous corrections made by Vasily Andreevich himself. The second text was whitewashed “without blots” and “very carefully”, but here and there there were pencil marks here and there, passages he had not published were marked.

Shchegolev was able to find out that "the text of the first list before corrections ... represents the original wording of the letter," that "part of this wording is missing from the printed editions, both complete and abridged, and, therefore, becomes known for the first time." Shchegolev thought that the text he published was "the original and most complete version of the letter" of all existing or known to him. In order to "critically check the text of Zhukovsky's letter" Shchegolev made an attempt to publish the text of "the original version of the letter (from Onegin's collection) in comparison with the second list (which also belonged to Onegin), a short printed version of Sovremennik" and publications in the "Russian Archive". Textual analysis The letter was carried out and published by Shchegolev in his book: "The Duel and the Death of Pushkin. Research and materials" 3rd ed., reviewed and supplemented (M., L., 1928).

However, one more version of the text of Zhukovsky's letter remained outside Shchegolev's field of vision. At the end of the summer of 1904, at the request of the Khvalyn marshal of the nobility P.N. Davydov under the guidance of the editor of "Russian antiquity" A.P. Voronov and Professor I.A. Shlyapkin, the archive of Pushkin's friend D.V. was dismantled for the first time. Davydov (1784-1839). In those years, the archive of D.V. Davydov belonged to the Khvalyn leader of the nobility of the Saratov province, Pyotr Nikolaevich Davydov (1864-24.01.1910), the grandson of the partisan poet, P.N. Davydov by that time was a retired staff captain, chamber junker of the court of H.I.V. (since 1910); previously served in the infantry battalion of the imperial family. P.N. Davydov was the owner of the village. Blagodatny, where the grandfather's archive was kept, as evidenced by the inventory stamps "Blagodatny Village Library", pasted on each volume of archive documents. After the death of Davydov's grandson, his widow, D.N. Shilova (granddaughter of P.P. Lansky) handed over the archive to D.V. Davydov Russian Military Historical Society. When systematizing documents from the personal archive of Denis Vasilyevich, it turned out that the end of Zhukovsky's letter "contains details that are not available in the same letter printed in the works" of the poet, as M.A. noted in her brochure. Turnov "Partisan-poet D.V. Davydov and his archive" (St. Petersburg, 1908, p. 13), as well as: in the "Bulletin" of Archeology and History, published by the Archaeological Institute "Issue 18 for 1909

The letter was written on 19th century paper. with an oval-shaped stamp with blackening along the inner edge, 1.8 by 2.2 cm in size, located in the upper right corner of the sheet. In the center of the stamp is the monogram of Emperor Nicholas I with the imperial crown surrounded by a garland of laurel leaves. At the bottom of the stamp - the letters "P.P.B.F.".

The list of Zhukovsky's letter indicated by us was discovered in 1996, and in 1999 it was exhibited at the exhibition "A.S. Pushkin in the Moscow Archives" in the State Museum of A.S. Pushkin has never been published before.

Zhukovsky's letter from the archive of D.V. Davydov is the first draft (i.e. original) compared to the lists owned by
A.F. Onegin and published by P.E. Shchegolev. It contains some features: the title of the document "Zhukovsky's letter to Pushkin's father" was made by Denis Vasilyevich, and the text itself was rewritten by a clerk who was unfamiliar with Vasily Andreevich, as evidenced by the incorrect spelling of his last name (Zhukovskaya). There are some discrepancies in the text, highlighted by us in italics, showing the work on the text of the source by Zhukovsky. Here is the end of the letter, addressed personally to the poet's father and not previously published anywhere. On sheet 1 of the letter there are marks: "1", made in red pencil, as well as "37 g[od]", made in pencil. Our list of letters is not dated, so the time of compilation is given according to Shchegolev's publication. The archive list also lacks some phrases in French, restored by us in square brackets from the same publication. Attached to the letter was a plan of the Pushkins' apartment and a note with explanations to it. The text of our note differs somewhat from the note also published by Shchegolev.

We offer the readers of the Russkiy Vestnik the original letter of V. A. Zhukovsky to the poet’s father, as well as the “Note of the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas I on favors to the Pushkin family”, which are stored in the Russian State Military Historical Archive.

Italics and square brackets indicate the existing discrepancies and stylistic errors (misprints, mistakes) in the variants of Zhukovsky's letter, showing the work of the author in editing the text. Italics indicate individual expressions from the text of the draft (original), stored in the RGVIA in the fund of D.V. Davydov. Share of comparison in square brackets, existing inconsistencies in the text are restored, as well as the text in French (not available in our source) - from the text of the final version of Zhukovsky's letter on the publication of P.E. Shchegolev in 1916, then in the collection of A.F. Onegin-Otto. The division of the text into paragraphs is given in accordance with the original (draft) from the D.V. Davydov

I didn't have the heart to write to you, my poor Sergei Lvovich. What could I tell you, oppressed by our common misfortune, which fell on us like a landslide and crushed everyone? Our Pushkin is gone! This [this,] unfortunately[,] is true,[;] but it still seems not probable[incredible]. The thought that he does not exist cannot yet enter into the order of ordinary, clear daily thoughts. You continue to look for him out of habit, it is still so natural to expect a meeting with him at some agreed[conditional] hours, yet among[in the midst of] our conversations, his voice seems to echo, as if his lively, cheerful laughter is heard, and where he was every day, nothing has changed, there are no signs of a disastrous loss, everything is in usual[ordinary] order, everything in its place; and he disappeared, and forever - incomprehensibly![.] In one minute, a strong, strong life, full of Genius, bright with hopes, perished, I don’t talk about you, poor decrepit father; I do not speak[. I do not speak] about us, his grieving friends. Russia has lost its beloved, national poet; he[. He] disappeared for her at the moment when his maturation took place, [;] disappeared, having reached that turning point at which our soul, saying goodbye to the ebullient, violent, often disorderly strength of youth, anxious genius, indulges in a calmer, more educational force mature[sound] courage, just as fresh as the first, maybe not as impulsive, but more creative. Which of the Russians did not lose something dear from his heart with his death? And among all the Russians, he himself made a special loss in him Sovereign. At the beginning of his reign, he appropriated it to himself , He[; he] opened his hands to him at the time when he was irritated by the misfortune he had brought upon himself; he followed him to last[last] his hour; There were moments when, like a violent, not yet settled down child, he brought to myself[on himself] the displeasure of his keeper, but in all paternal displeasure on the part Sovereign there was something tender, paternal. After each such incident, the connection between them intensified, in one [-] feeling forgive the pleasure he experienced, in another - a living movement of gratitude, which more and more penetrated Pushkin's soul and finally merged in it with poetry. Sovereign lost in him his creation, his poet, who would belong to the glory of His reign, like Derzhavin to the glory of Catherine and Karamzin to the glory of Alexander. And Sovereign until the last minute of Pushkin remained faithful to his beneficence. He responded to the dying man at his last earthly cry, and how he responded! [.] What Russian heart did not tremble with gratitude at this Tsar's voice? In this voice reflected[expressed] not one personal, touching feeling, but also love for national glory, and high[and high] sentence morality, worthy of the King, the representative and glory and morality of the people.

The first minutes of [terrible] grief for you have passed; now you can listen to me and cry. I will describe to you everything[everything] that happened in the last minutes of your son, what I saw myself, what other eyewitnesses told me. I'll just describe everything with me It was. On Wednesday, the 27th of January, at 10 o'clock in the evening, I arrived at Prince Vyazemsky's. I enter the hall, me [. Me] they say that the prince and princess have Pushkin. This seemed strange to me. Why didn't they call me? Descending the stairs, I went to Valuev. He greeted me with the words: Have you received the note from the Princess? They sent to you a long time ago; hurry up[go] to Pushkin: he is dying; he is mortally wounded." Stunned by this news, I hastened[ran] down the stairs; ordered lead[to drive] myself straight to Pushkin, but passing by the Mikhailovsky Palace and knowing that the Count Vielgorsky[Vielgorsky]3 was at the Grand Duchess's4 (who was having a concert then), ordered him to be summoned and told him about what had happened, so that he could immediately follow me after the end of the evening. I enter the hall (from which the door was directly into the office of your dying son), [;] I find doctors Arendt in it, Spassky[Spassky], Prince Vyazemsky, Prince Meshchersky5 and Valuev. Question[To the question] mine: "What is he?" - Arendt, who from the very beginning had no hope, answered me: "Very bad, he will certainly die." Here's what they told me about what happened. duel[Duel] has been resolved on the eve[on the eve] (Tuesday, January 26), [;] on the morning of the 27th, Pushkin, still without a second, left the yard early. Meeting on the street with his lyceum comrade Colonel Danzas, he put him in a sleigh with him and, without saying anything, took him to D "Arsiaku[d "Arsiak], the second of his opponent. There, after reading before Donzas[Danzas] a handwritten copy of the letter that he wrote to Minister Gekkern and which made a challenge from young Gekkern, he left Danzas for a condition with D "Arshiak[d "Arshiak], and he returned to himself, [and] calmly waited for the denouement. His calmness was amazing: [;] he was engaged in his "Contemporary", and per hour before[before] he went to shoot himself, he wrote a letter to Ishimova6 (writer of Russian history for children, who worked for his Journal); in this letter, which is rather long, he tells her of the pieces he has appointed for translation, and goes into detail about her[her] story, on which he makes critical remarks so simply and attentively, as if he had nothing else in his mind at that moment. This letter is a monument to the amazing strength of the spirit! It is forbidden
[: you can not] read it without tenderness, some[some] reverent sadness:[;] his clear, simple-hearted style touches him deeply when you remember, when reading, that the one who wrote this letter with such carelessness through[in] an hour already lay dying from a wound. According to the condition, Pushkin was to meet at appointed[set] hour with his second, it seems, in Wolf's confectionery shop7, in order to go from there to the place; he came there at o'clock. Donzas[Danzas] was already waiting for him with a sleigh; go; the chosen place was in the forest near the Commandant's dacha; leaving the city, they saw another sleigh ahead: [;] it was Gekkern with his second; stopped almost at the same time and went away from the road; the snow was knee-deep; then ahead[choosing] a place, it was necessary to trample a platform in the snow, so that both of them could conveniently stand against each other and converges[converge]; both seconds and Gekkern took up this work; Pushkin sat down on a snowdrift and looked at fatal preparations[fatal preparation] with great indifference. Finally, a path to arshin was trampled width[wide] and twenty paces length[length]; cloaks signified barriers, one from the other ten paces; each stood five paces behind his own; Donzas[Danzas] waved his hat; went; Pushkin has almost reached his barrier; Gekkern fired a step away from his own;

Pushkin fell face[face] on the cloak[,] and his pistol got stuck in the snow so that the whole muzzle was filled with snow. ["Je suis blesse"], he said as he fell. Gekkern wanted to approach him, but, waking up, he said: ["Ne bougez pas; je me sens encore assez fort pour tirer mon coup"]. Danzas handed him another pistol. He leaned on his left hand, took aim lying down, fired [,] and Gekkern fell; but he was knocked down only by a strong concussion [;] the bullet pierced the fleshy parts of his right arm, with which he covered his chest and [, and,] being thus weakened, hit the button, which pontalons[knickers] were kept on a suspender against a spoon: this button saved Gekkern. Pushkin, seeing him falling, threw up his pistol and shouted: Bravo! Meanwhile, blood was pouring from the wound; it was necessary to raise the wounded; but it was impossible to carry him to the sledge in his arms; a sleigh was brought up to him, for which it was necessary to break the fence; and in a sleigh they took him to the road, where Gekker's carriage was waiting for him, in which he sat down with Donzas[Danzas]. There was no doctor at the scene of the battle. Dear he apparently[apparently] did not suffer, at least it was not noticeable; he was [,] on the contrary, even cheerful, talked with Donzas[Danzas] and told him jokes. We returned home at six o'clock. The valet picked him up and carried him up the stairs. "Are you sad to carry me?" Pushkin asked him. The poor wife met him in the hallway and fell unconscious. They carried him into the office; he he himself ordered clean linen to be brought to him, [;] undressed and lay down on the sofa, which was in the office. The wife, having come to memory, wanted to enter, [;] but he shouted in a loud voice: ["N" entrez pas "], - for he was afraid to show her the wound, feeling himself that she was dangerous[dangerous]. His wife entered already when he was completely undressed. They sent for the doctors. Arendt was not found; Scholz8 and Zadler9 arrived. At this time with Pushkin were Donzas[Danzas] and Pletnev.

Pushkin ordered everyone to leave. "It's bad with me," he said, offering his hand to Scholz. The wound was examined, and Zadler left for the necessary tools. Left with Scholz, Pushkin asked: "What do you think about my wound? I felt a strong blow to the side during the shot and a hot shot in the lower back. There was a lot of blood on the way. Tell me frankly, how do you find the wound?" - I can't hide it, she's dangerous. - "Tell me, mortal?" - I consider it my duty not to hide that. But let's hear the opinion of Arendt and Solomon[Salomon], for whom he was sent. , said Pushkin; fell silent, [;] rubbed his forehead with his hand, then added: il faut que j "arrange ma maison. It seems to me that there is a lot of blood." Scholz examined the wound, it was found that there was blood a little[a little]; he put on a new one compress[compress]. "Would you like to see one of your closest friends?" asked Scholz? "Goodbye My friends!" - said Pushkin, and at that moment his eyes turned to his library with whom[. To whom] he was saying goodbye at that moment, to living friends or to dead ones, I do not know. He, a little[a little] later, he asked: "Do you think that I will not live for an hour?" - "Oh no! but I I guess[thought] you'd be pleased to see someone[someone] of yours? [Mr.] Pletnev is here." - "Yes,[;] but I would like Zhukovsky. Give me water; sick. "- Scholz touched the pulse, found his hand rather cold; the pulse was weak, fast, as with internal bleeding, he went out for a drink and sent for me. I was not at home at that time, and I don’t know how it happened, but to no one came to me. Meanwhile, Zadler and Solomon[Salomon]10. Scholz left the patient, who shook his hand good-naturedly, but did not say a word. Soon Arendt appeared. He at a glance found out[saw] that did not have[there was] no hope. The first concern was to stop the internal bleeding, they began to apply cold lotions with ice on the stomach and give a cool drink,[;] they produced the desired effect, and the bleeding stopped; all [. All] it was entrusted doctor Spassky11, Pushkin's house doctor, who soon came for Arendt and stayed all night at the bed of the sufferer. "I feel bad," said Pushkin, seeing Spassky and offering him his hand. Spassky although tried to calm him down; but Pushkin waved his hand negatively. From that moment on, he seemed to stop caring about himself and all his thoughts turned to his wife. " Don't give[Do not give] excessive hopes to your wife,” he told Spassky, “do not hide from her what the matter is; she is not a pretender;[,] you know her well. However, [,] do with me what you want, I agree to everything and am ready for anything. "When Arendt, before his departure, approached him, he said to him:" Ask Sovereign so that He forgives me; 12 ask for Danzas, he is my brother, he is innocent, I grabbed him on the street. "Arendt left. At this time, we all had already gathered: [,] Prince Vyazemsky, Princess, Count Vielgorsky[Vielgorsky] and me. The princess was with his wife<Н.Н. Пушкиной.- Сост.>, whose state was inexpressible; like a ghost, she sometimes sneaked into that chamber where her dying husband lay; he could not see her (he was lying on the couch, face[facing] from the windows to the door); but he was afraid that she would come up to him, for he did not want her to notice his suffering, which he overcame with amazing courage, and every time she entered or only stopped at the door, he felt her presence[presence]. "The wife is here," he said, "take her away. "What is the wife doing?" Spassky[Spassky] "She, poor thing, suffers innocently! In the world they will kill her."

In general, from the beginning to the end of his suffering (except for two or three hours of the first night, in which they exceeded all measure of human patience), he was surprisingly firm. "I've been in thirty battles," said Dr. Arendt, "[and] I've seen a lot of people dying, but I haven't seen much like that." And it is especially remarkable that in the last hours of his life, he seemed to have become different; the storm, which for several hours agitated his soul with violent passion, disappeared without leaving any trace on him; not a word, below are the memories of the duel. Only once, when Danzas mentioned Gekkern, did he say: "Don't avenge me! All[I] forgave everything. "But here's a trait that is extremely touching. On the very day duels[duel], early in the morning[in the morning], he received an invitation card for the burial of Grechev's son, he remembered this in the midst of his suffering. "If you see Grech," he said to Spassky, "bow to him and tell him that I take a spiritual part in his loss." He was asked: does he want to confess and take communion? He agreed willingly and it was necessary lead[summon] a priest in the morning. At midnight Dr. Arendt returned. Leaving Pushkin, he went to the Palace, but did not find Sovereign who was in tiatre[theatre], and said[and told] the valet to return His Majesty the incident was reported to him. Arriving around midnight Arendt from Sovereign courier, with an order to immediately go to Pushkin, read him a letter, with his own hand Sovereign written to him, and immediately convey everything. "I will not lie down, I will wait" - stood in a note Sovereign to Arendt. The letter was ordered to be returned. And what was in that letter? "If God does not order us to see each other again, accept My forgiveness, and with it My advice: end your life as a Christian. About a wife and children, do not worry[worry], I take them into my care." How I wish brighten up[express] in simple words what moves in my soul when I reread these not many[a few] lines. What a touching end to the earthly connection between the Tsar and those whom He once paternally appropriated and whom He did not leave until the last minute! How much beautiful humanness is in this impulse, in this haste to seize Pushkin's soul on departure, cleanse it for the future life and encourage it with the last earthly consolation! "I won't lie down, I'll wait."[!] What was He thinking about at that moment? where he was thought[thought]? Oh, of course before bed[bed] of the dying, his good [earthly] genius, his spiritual father[father], his reconciler with heaven and yourself[ground]! - At the same moment, a guessed desire was fulfilled Sovereign. They sent for the priest near[near] church. The dying man confessed and took communion with deep feeling. When Arendt read Pushkin's letter Sovereign, then instead of answering, he kissed him and did not let go of him for a long time, [;] but Arendt could not of this[him] leave him. Pushkin repeated several times: "Give me this letter, I want to die with it. Letter! Where is the letter?" Arendt reassured him with a promise to ask permission from Sovereign. He soon[soon] then left. Until five o'clock Pushkin suffered, but tolerably. The bleeding was stopped with cold ointments.

But about five o'clock the pain in the stomach became unbearable, and the strength her[she] was overcome by the strength of her soul,[;] he began to moan,[;] they sent for Arendt. Upon arrival, they found it necessary to put on a flush, but it did not help and just strengthened suffering[suffering], which, in its extraordinary strength, lasted until 7 hours of the morning. What would happen to the poor wife if she could hear these cries for two hours. i] I'm sure her mind couldn't stand this mental torture. But here's what happened: she was lying in complete exhaustion in living room[living room] head to the door, and koi[they] alone separated her from her husband's bed. At the first terrible cry, his princess Vyazemskaya, who was in our[the same] upper room, rushed to her, fearing that something would happen to her. But she lay immobile[motionless] (although she spoke for a minute); severe lethargic sleep looser[possessed her], and this dream, as if on purpose sent down[sent] from above, passed away at the very moment when the last groaning for doors[doors]. And in these moments of the most severe test (according to Spassky[Spassky] and Arendt) the firmness of the soul of the dying man turned out to be in full force: ready to cry out, he only groaned, afraid, as he said, that his wife would not heard[heard] so as not to frighten her. To 7 By [7] o'clock the pain subsided. It should be noted that during all this time and until the very end, his thoughts were bright [,] and his memory was fresh. Even before the onset of severe pain, he called to him Spassky[Spassky], ordered to bring some paper, written by his own hand, and forced it to be burned. Then called Donzas[Danzas] and dictated to him a note about some of his debts, this is his especially[however] exhausted, and after that he could no longer make any other orders. When in the morning[in the morning] ran out of his strengths suffering*, he said to Spassky: "wife! Call your wife!" - This farewell minute I'll describe to you I won't[I won't]. Then he demanded children; they were sleeping, they were brought and brought to him half asleep, he turned his eyes on each, silently, put his hands on his head; baptized and then with a movement of his hand sent away from himself. "Who is there?" he asked Spassky and Danzas. They called me and Vyazemsky. "Call me," he said in a weak voice. I approached, took his cold hand extended to me, kissed it, I could not say anything to him, he waved his hand, I walked away. He said goodbye to Vyazemsky in the same way. At that moment the Count arrived Vielgorsky[Vielgorsky] and went in to him and also at the last gave him a living hand. It was obvious that he was in a hurry to make his last earthly calculation, and seemed to be eavesdropping on death coming towards him. Taking his pulse, he said to Spassky: "Death is coming!" "Karamzin? - Is Karamzin here?" he asked later a little[a little]. Her it wasn't, I'm sorry[there was not, for her] they immediately sent and she soon arrived, their meeting lasted only a minute; but when Katerina Andreevna moved away from the bed, he called to her and said: "Cross me!", then kissed her her hand.

At this time Dr. Arendt arrived. "I'm waiting for the Tsar's word so that I can die in peace," Pushkin told him, this was an indication for me, and I decided at that very moment to go to Sovereign to notify His Majesty about what you heard. (You need to know that, having said goodbye to Pushkin, I again returned to his bed[bed] and said to him: "Perhaps I will see Sovereign what should I tell him from you?" - "Tell me," he answered, that I'm sorry to die; would be all His!" 14. Descending from the porch, I met with a courier sent for me from Sovereign. "I'm sorry that I disturbed you," He said to me at my entrance to the Cabinet. " Sovereign, I myself was in a hurry to Your [Majesty] at the time when I met with the one sent for me, "and I told[told] what Pushkin said. "I felt it my duty to communicate these words immediately Your Majesty I believe that he worry[worried about] Danzas' participation." - "I cannot change the legal order," answered Sovereign, "but I will do my best, tell Him from me that I congratulate him on the fulfillment of his Christian duty, about his wife and children, he worried[worry] should not; they are mine. I charge you, if he dies, to seal his papers, you after them yourself consider[consider]". I returned to Pushkin with a consoling answer Sovereign. After listening to me, he raised his hands to the sky with a kind of convulsive movement; "that's how comforted I am!" he said. "Tell Sovereign that I wish Him a long, long reign, that I wish Him happiness in His son, that I wish Him happiness in His Russia."15 These words were spoken weakly, abruptly, but clearly.

In the meantime, the opium given to him calmed him somewhat. To the stomach, instead of cold lotions, they began to apply emollients; this was pleasing to the sufferer, and he began obediently to fulfill the prescriptions of the doctors, who had previously all stubbornly rejected, being exhausted[frightened] by his torments and waiting for death to end them. He became obedient, like a child, he himself imposed compresses[compresses] on the stomach and helped those who fussed around him; in one word:[,] he became much calmer. In this state Dr. Dahl found him, arrived[coming] to him in 2 [two hours. "Bad, brother," (Pushkin said, smiling) Dal[Dalue]. At this time, however, he was generally calmer; his hands were warmer, his pulse more distinct. Dahl, who at first had more hope than others, began to encourage him; "we all hope," he said, "don't despair either." - "Not!" he answered, "I can't live here; I'll die—yes, you see, that's how it should be." Soon[At this time] his pulse became[was] fuller and firmer, a slight general fever began to appear, leeches were put in, the pulse became smoother, less frequent and much softer. "I seized," says Dahl, "like a drowned man at a straw, proclaimed hope in a timid voice, and deceived myself and others." Pushkin noticed that Dal was more cheerful, took him hand[by the hand] and asked: "Is nobody here?" - "No one." - "Dal, tell me the truth: will I die soon?" - "We hope for you, Pushkin, really, we hope." - "Oh, thanks!" he answered. But, apparently[apparently], only once did he seduce himself with hope, neither before nor after that moment did he believe it. Almost all night (on the 29th; that night Dal sat at his bedside, and I, Vyazemsky and Vielgorsky[Vielgorsky] in nearest[near] room) he held Dahl by the hand; often took a spoonful cold water or a grain of ice in his mouth and always did everything himself: got[take] a glass of nearest[near] shelves, rubbing his temples with ice, he himself applied poultices to his stomach, he removed them himself, and so on. He suffered[suffered] less from pain than from conspicuous[excessive] longing: "Ah! what a longing!" sometimes he exclaimed pawning[throwing] hands over head. "The heart is failing." Then he asked to be lifted up, or turned on his side, or straightened his pillow, and, recently[not letting] finish this, he usually stopped with the words: "Well, so, so, [-] good; that's fine and pretty - now it's very good." Or: "wait, [-] don't - just pull my hand - well, that's good and fine" (all these are exact expressions.) "In general," Dahl says, " in circulation[in dealing] with me he was accommodating and obedient, like a child, and did everything what i wanted[what I wanted]. Once he asked Dahl: "who is with his wife?" - Dal answered: "Many good people take part in you; the hall and the hall are full from morning until night." - "Well, thank you," he answered, "however, go tell your wife that everything, thank God, is easy; otherwise they will probably tell her there." - Dal did not deceive him. On the morning of the 28th, on which the news spread throughout the city that Pushkin was dying, chambers[front] its been full of coming for information about him, some were sent[some inquired about him through messengers] to ask about him, others and people of all conditions, acquaintances and strangers, came themselves. A touching feeling of national, common grief was expressed in this arbitrary movement, nothing prepared[nothing cooked]. The number of those who came at last became so great that the door of the hallway (which led to the study where the dying man lay) constantly opened and closed, this disturbed the afflicted; we thought of locking one door from the hallway to the vestibule and push her from the vestibule back [shut it back], and open it instead[and opened another] narrow Door from the stairs to the buffet; a living room[the living room] is fenced off from the dining room with screens (you will understand these orders from attached[attached] plan). From now on the buffet and porch were packed with people; in the dining room[in the dining room] only acquaintances entered; their faces expressed simple sympathy, and many were weeping.

Sovereign Emperorwas getting news from Dr. Arendt (who came six times a day and several times at night visit[visit] the patient). The Grand Duchess, who was very fond of Pushkin, wrote me several notes, to which I gave constant[detailed] report of Her Highness according to the course of the disease. Such participation is touching, but it is natural, natural and in Sovereign, who cherishes a popular glory, no matter what kind it would be (and this is the distinguishing feature of the current Sovereign; he loves everything Russian; he erects new monuments and preserves the old ones). Naturally, in the nation, which in this case is not only at one with its own Sovereign but by this common love for Fatherland glory a moral bond takes root between them. Sovereign it is natural to be proud of one's people, as soon as this people understands His lofty feeling and, together with it, loves that which gloriously distinguishes Him from other peoples or puts them on a par with them. It is natural for people to be grateful to their Sovereign in which he sees a representative of his honor. In a word, this expression of the common participation of our Russians deeply touched[touched], but not surprised[not surprised]. Involvement of foreigners were for me, a delightful indifference; we lost our own, no wonder we grieved; but what is it saddened? What was this venerable Barant thinking as he stood for a long time thoughtfulness[despondency] in the middle of the hallway, where people were whispering around him with sad faces about what was happening behind the doors? Guess not difficult[not difficult]. Genius is the common good. In the worship of Genius, all peoples are relatives! and when he untimely leaves the earth, everyone sees him off with the same brotherly sorrow. Pushkin, in his Genius, was the property not of Russia alone, but of the whole of Europe; that is why the French ambassador (himself a famous writer) came to doors him with sadness own and about our Pushkin regretted, as if about his . That is why Lucerode, the Saxon envoy, said to his assembled guests on Monday evening: “Today they will not dance with me, today were Pushkin's funeral!

Back to my description. Having sent Dahl to encourage his wife with hope, Pushkin himself had none. One day he asked: "What time is it?" And in response, Dalia continued in a broken voice: “How long ... should I ... suffer like this? .. please ... as soon as possible[hurry]?!" He repeated this several times after: "is the end soon?" and always added: "please, hurry." - In general (after the torment of the first night, which lasted two hours), he was surprisingly patient. overcame, he made movements with his hands, or groaned abruptly, but in such a way that they almost could not hear him. - "You must endure, friend, there is nothing to do," Dahl told him; "but do not be ashamed of your pain, moan, it will be easier for you." For what he answered intermittently: "No... don't... moan... the wife... will hear;... it's ridiculous... so that this nonsense overpowers me... I don't want to." - I left him at 5 o'clock in the morning [and returned two hours later] 29th and returned to 7m, that is, after two hours. Seeing that the night passed[was] quite calm, I went to my room almost with hope, but, returning[returning] found something else. Arendt told me decisively that it was all over and that he would not survive the day. Indeed, the pulse weakened and began to drop noticeably; hands started shame[to be ashamed]. He lay with his eyes closed, sometimes only raising his hands to take ice and rub his forehead with it. Hit two o'clock in the afternoon[poludni], and in Pushkin there was life left for three quarters of an hour. He opened his eyes and asked for soaked cloudberries. When they brought it, he said distinctly: "Call your wife, let her feed me." She came, sank down on knee[knees] at the head, brought him another spoon[a spoon or two] of cloudberries, then pressed her face to his face; Pushkin stroked her head and said: "Well, well, nothing; thank God; everything is fine, go." The calm expression of his face and the firmness of his voice deceived the poor wife; she went out beaming with joy face[face] : "You'll see," she said to Dr. Spassky, "he will live, he won't die." And at that moment the last process of life had already begun. I stood with the Count Vielgorsky[Vielgorsky] and Pletnev at his bedside in their heads; from the side[side] stood Turgenev. Dal whispered to me: "departs." But his thoughts were bright, occasionally only a half-drowsy oblivion clouded them; once he gave Dahl a hand and, shrugged[pulling] it, he said: “well, lift me up, let’s go, let’s go higher, higher, well, let’s go” But [,] waking up, he said: “I had a dream that I was flying with you up these books and shelves; high and dizzy." A little[A little] later he again, without opening his eyes, became reap[search] Dalev's hand and pulling it, he said: "Well, let's go, please, let's go together." Dal, by request[request] him, took him under the armpits and lifted him higher, and suddenly, as if waking up, he quickly opened his eyes, face[his face] cleared up and he said: "Life is over." far, not having heard[hearing], answered: "yes, it's over; we put you down ..." - " Life is over[!]", - he repeated clearly and positively; "It's hard to breathe, it's pressing," were his last words. At that moment I did not take my eyes off him and noticed that the movement of the chest, to the village[hitherto] quiet, became intermittent. It soon stopped. I watched attentively, waited for the last breath; but did not notice[didn't notice]; the silence that enveloped him seemed to me a reassurance. Everyone was silent over him. minutes through[after] two I asked, "What is he?" “It’s over,” Dahl answered me. So quietly, so mysteriously, his soul departed! We stood silently over it for a long time, not moving, not daring to violate the great mystery of death, which happened[done] before[before] us throughout comforting[touching] his shrine. When everyone is gone, I standing[sat] before[before] him, for a long time one looked him in face[face]. Never on this face never seen[didn't see] anything like what was on it In this[in that] first minute of death. His head bowed somewhat; the hands, in which there had been some convulsive movement for several minutes, were calmly stretched out, as if they had fallen to rest after serious[hard] labor. But what reflected[expressed] on his face, I express I can't [say] words; It was so new to me and so familiar at the same time! It wasn't a dream and restless[not rest]! It was not an expression of mind, so characteristic of this face before; it was also not a poetic expression - no! some deep, amazing thought on it overflowed[developed]; something like a vision some[to some] complete, deep, contented knowledge. Looking at him, I kept wanting to ask him: "What do you see, friend?" And what would he answer me if he could resurrect for a minute? These are the moments in our life that are quite worthy of the name of the great. At this moment, one might say, I saw most[most] death, divine - secret; death without bedspreads What seal did she put on face[face] of him, and how amazingly she expressed both her own and his secret on it! I assure you that I have never seen on his face an expression of such deep, majestic, solemn thought. She, of course, slipped in it before, No doubt, but in this purity it was revealed only when everything earthly was separated from it with the touch of death. Such was the end of our Pushkin.

I will describe in several[a few] words of what came after. Luckily I remembered during[in time] that it is necessary to remove the mask from him16. This was done immediately. His features had not yet had time to change; of course, the first expression that death gave them was not preserved in them, but we all have an attractive imprint: this is not death, but a dream. Through half an hour [after? hours] after my death (during all this time I did not leave the dead, I wanted to peer into the beautiful face[his face]) the body was taken out to the near upper room, and I fulfilled the command Sovereign Emperor, sealed the cabinet with his seal. I won't tell[tell] what happened to unhappy[sad] wife; with her were inseparably Princess Vyazemskaya, E.I. Zagryazhskaya, Count and Countess Stroganov17. After spending some more time in the house, I went to Vielgorsky[Vielgorsky] have lunch; all the others who saw Pushkin's last minute gathered at his house, and he himself was invited in three days[after the coffin] to this dinner... it was my birthday. I felt it my duty to convey Sovereign Emperor about how Pushkin died; He listened to me on one[alone] in my office: I will never forget this beautiful hour of my life! The next day, we, friends, put Pushkin into the coffin with our own hands; the next day in the evening[by evening] they transferred him to the Kanyushennaya [Stable] church, - and on both days the upper room where he lay, nearly was incessantly[perpetually] full of people. Of course, more than ten thousand people came to see him; many were weeping, others stopped for a long time and seemed to want to peer into face[face] him; there was something striking in his immobility in the midst of this movement, and something touchingly mysterious in that prayer, which was so quiet, so monotonous. heard[heard] in the midst of this noise. And especially deep shaking[touched me] the soul that Sovereign as if co-present in the midst of his Russians, who are so simply and humbly with him for one[at the same time] expressed their sorrow for the loss domestic[glorious compatriot]: everyone knew how Sovereign consoled Pushkin's last moments, how he took part in his Christian repentance, what he did for his orphans, how he honored his poet and that at the same time (as a judge, as loyal[supreme] guardian of morality) pronounced in condemnation of the disastrous deed that so suddenly deprived us of Pushkin. Rare from visitors, praying before the tomb, did not pray at the same time for Sovereign, and it can be said that this expression of national sadness for the poet was the most touching glorification of his generous Patron. funeral service happened[happened] February 1st. Quite a few of our nobles and all the Foreign Ministers were in the church. We carried the coffin in our arms to the basement, where it belonged to him. stand[stay] until being taken out of the city. 3 th February, at 10 pm we gathered for the last time to see what was left of Pushkin for us; sang the last memorial service; the box with the coffin was placed on a sledge; the sleigh started; by the light of the moon I followed them for some time; soon they turned the corner of the house; - and everything that was earthly Pushkin, forever and ever[forever] disappeared from my eyes18. - Forgive me, my poor Sergei Lvovich! I did not think that I would have the opportunity to bury him, to be the guardian of his orphans and the publisher of his writings, who remained after death. It would be better if he could render this last service to me. Now I'm sorting through his papers. " Contemporary"This year will be published in his favor. (I hope that Baratynsky19, Yazykov, Khomyakov and Shevyrev20 will help us fill it; tell them about it from me). We will immediately open a subscription to the compositions. I ask you to send me Chronological news about his life, just some Dates Enclosed is a list from a handwritten note Sovereign, which the original, written in pencil, is kept by me, I received it from Him personally on the other day of Pushkin's death. You can show my letter to anyone you want. I received your letter. (Letter addressed to Sovereign Emperor I ask you to send from yourself through the mail). I don't know if you'll read what I wrote; I have a habit of writing small when I write quickly; and don't have time to read. Sorry!

Zhukovsky21

Litter in red pencil: on sheet 1: "1"
Litter with a simple pencil: on sheet 1: 37 g[od]

F. 194. Op. 1. D. 61. L. 1-13v. Draft22.

Notes

The date of writing the letter on publication is indicated: P.E. Shchegolev Duel and death of Pushkin. Research and materials. M., L., 1928.
Copy of Zhukovsky's letter to S.L. Pushkin, owned by D.V. Davydov and published here, made in the same handwriting as the copy of Vyazemsky's letter to Davydov dated February 9, 1837 (Compare: RGVIA. F. 194. Op. 1. D 61. L. 1-14; D 68. L. 132-137 rev.). The heading on this source, "Letter from Zhukovsky to Pushkin's father; 37 g (od)" was made by Davydov, corrections in the text of the letter were made by his own hand.
Vielgorsky Mikhail Yurievich, gr. (1788-1856) - statesman, amateur composer, philanthropist, Petersburg acquaintance of the poet. Vielgorsky was the godfather of N.A. Pushkina. Among those close to Pushkin, on November 4, 1836, he received a libelous diploma in the name of the poet, took part in settling the conflict during the first failed duel. At the request of N.N. Pushkina Vielgorsky was appointed one of the guardians of the poet's children and property.
Elena Pavlovna, nee Frederica-Charlotte-Maria, Princess of Württemberg (1806-1873) - wife of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich (1798-1849). Pushkin wrote about his presentation to Elena Pavlovna in his diary and spoke in a letter to his wife dated June 3, 1834. At the beginning of 1835, Pushkin gave her the forbidden Notes of Catherine II. On February 16 and December 4, 1836, Pushkin visited her at the Mikhailovsky Palace. In a letter to her husband dated December 26, 1836, Elena Pavlovna wrote about two invitations to Pushkin. On January 25, 1837, the poet was at the ball at M.G. Razumovskaya, where Elena Pavlovna was present. A few days before his death, Pushkin was at the "little evening" with Elena Pavlovna. 4 of her notes to V.A. Zhukovsky on January 27-29, 1837 with questions about the state of health of the wounded poet.
Meshchersky Petr Ivanovich, Prince. (1802-1876) - retired lieutenant colonel of the guard (since 1826), husband of E.N. Karamzina, the historian's daughter. He met Pushkin with his parents, Karamzin, Vyazemsky and St. Petersburg society (2nd half of the 1820s - 1830s).
Ishimova Alexandra Osipovna (1804-1881) - children's writer, translator. She met Pushkin on Wednesdays at Pletnev's (1835-1836). In a letter dated January 25, 1837, the poet invited her to translate several plays by the English poet B. Cornwall for Sovremennik. With a letter dated January 27 of the same year, Pushkin sent Ishimova a book with Cornish plays intended for translation into Russian.
Wolf S. - co-owner (with Beranger) of a coffee and confectionery on Nevsky Prospekt (now 18).
Scholz Vasily (Wilhelm) Bogdanovich, background (1798-1860) - doctor of the Orphanage, located on the embankment of the river. Moika, near Pushkin's apartment. Obstetrician. Author of a note on the illness and death of the poet.
Zadler Karl Karlovich (1801-1877) - doctor of medicine, author of historical works. According to K.K. Danzas, V.A. Zhukovsky, I.T. Spassky and V.B. Scholz, examined Pushkin, wounded in a duel.
Salomon Khristofor Khristoforovich (1797-1851) - St. Petersburg doctor, indispensable member of the Medical Council, State Councilor.
Spassky Ivan Timofeevich (1795-1861) - Doctor of Medicine, Professor of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, Pushkin's family doctor; the poet often conveyed his medical advice in letters to his wife, however, according to Danzas, Pushkin "had little confidence in him." On February 2, 1837, Spassky drew up a note on the illness and death of the poet, which was immediately widely distributed in the lists. According to M.N. Longinov ("Modern Chronicle", 1963, N 18, May, p. 13), Spassky's note was used by Zhukovsky for his letter to S.L. Pushkin. In Spassky's note, for the first time, Pushkin's phrase to the tsar is cited: "Tell me, it's a pity that I'm dying, all of him would be," which rejects the assumption of P.E. Shchegolev that this phrase was attributed to Pushkin by Zhukovsky.
For what exactly Pushkin asked for forgiveness for himself, E.A. explains the letter. Karamzina to her son Andrey dated February 2, 1837, in which she writes that Pushkin promised the sovereign not to fight again under any pretext, and that now that he was mortally wounded, he "sent good Zhukovsky to ask the sovereign for forgiveness for that he did not keep his word ... ". Pushkin apparently made such a promise to the tsar during his audience on November 23, 1836 (Pushkin in recollection 1998, vol. 2, p. 615).
Grech Nikolai Nikolaevich (1820 - 01/26/1837) - the son of the writer and writer N.I. Buckwheat. Pushkin met with N.N. Grech in the house of his parents and favorably treated the talented young man.
In Vyazemsky's letter to Bulgakov, Pushkin says these words not to Zhukovsky, but to Arendt at the moment of receiving the note from the tsar. Vyazemsky reinforces the truth of this fact with the statement: "These words were heard by me and cut into my memory and my heart by the feeling with which they were uttered." But it is clear from Spassky's message that Arendt spoke with Pushkin in private. All this allowed Shchegolev to question the very fact of Pushkin's utterance of these words, and the textual analysis of Zhukovsky's autograph made it possible to doubt the accuracy of the words of gratitude and wishes of Pushkin to the Tsar given below (RA. 1879. Book 2. P. 441; Pushkin in recollection 1998 pp. 616).
This phrase is attributed to Pushkin by Zhukovsky (see: Levkovich Ya.L. V.A. Zhukovsky and Pushkin's last duel // PIM. T. XIII. C. 152-153; Pushkin in resp. 1998. C. 616).
The mask was removed by the sculptor Galberg Samuil Ivanovich (1787-1839), professor of sculpture at the Academy of Arts. Author of the mask and posthumous bust of the poet.
Stroganov Grigory Alexandrovich, gr. (1770-1857) - great uncle of N.N. Pushkina. Member of the Supreme Court over the Decembrists, chief chamberlain, member of the State Council for the Department of State Economy, active privy councillor; Petersburg acquaintance of the poet (1830s). His wife is Yulia Pavlovna, nee. Countess d "Oyenghausen (1782-1864).
The last fragment of the letter from the words: "Forgive me ..." and to the end - is absent in all known publications and in the surviving two lists of it in the Zhukovsky archive.
Baratynsky Yevgeny Abramovich (1800-1844) - poet. Personal communication between Pushkin and Baratynsky began in 1818-1819. in St. Petersburg, in the circle of A.A. Delvig, a close friend of Baratynsky. A number of Pushkin's poems (1822-1826) are addressed to him; during the years of exile, Pushkin corresponded with him and repeatedly mentioned him in his letters. Contacts with Baratynsky resumed in 1826 in Moscow and continued until Pushkin's death, despite their mutual gradual cooling off towards each other.
Yazykov Nikolai Mikhailovich (1803-1845) poet. In the summer of 1826, being a student of the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Dorpat, he visited P.A. Osipova in Trigorskoye, where he met Pushkin. Even before they met in person, they exchanged poems. Later, they met and corresponded several times. Yazykov is the author of a letter to A.N., Wulf about the death of the poet dated July 12, 1837.
Khomyakov Alexei Stepanovich (1804-1860), met the poet after his return from exile in 1826, met with him until May 1836. Khomyakov's letter to his wife dated February 1, 1837 is known with a message about the death of the poet.
Shevyrev Stepan Petrovich (1806-1864) - writer, critic and literary historian, one of the founders of the Moscow Bulletin and Moscow Observer, professor at Moscow University (since 1834), later an ordinary academician. Author of memoirs about Pushkin.
Shchegolev has a letter without a signature, we have a letter with a signature, but with a spelling error: "Zhukovskoy" instead of "Zhukovskiy"
19th century paper with an oval stamp (stamp) with graining along the inner edge, 1.8 by 2.2 cm in size, located in the upper right corner of the sheet. In the center of the stamp is the monogram (monogram) of Emperor Nicholas I with the imperial crown surrounded by a garland of laurel leaves. In the lower part of the stamp - the letters "P.P.B.F." (Note by A.V. Travnikova). At the end of the summer of 1904, at the request of the marshal of the nobility P.N. Davydov, the grandson of the partisan poet under the guidance of the editor of "Russian Antiquity" A.P. Voronov and Professor I.A. Shlyapkin for the first time, the archive of D.V. Davydov. after death P.N. Davydov archive D.V. Davydov was transferred to the RVIO. When systematizing the documents of the archive, it turned out that a copy of the letter from V.A. Zhukovsky. "contain some details that are not available in the same letter printed in the writings." (See Trunova M.I. Partizan - Pokht D.V. Davydov and his archive St. Petersburg, 1908, p. 13, she is also the Bulletin of Archeology and History, published by the Archaeological Institute, 1909, issue N18.) (Note A. V. Travnikova and N.N. Shabanova).

Copy from the handwritten note of the Sovereign Emperor

1. Embed debts.

2. Clear the mortgaged estate of the father from debt2.

3. Widow pension and daughters 3 before marriage.

4. Sons as pages and 1,500 each for the upbringing of each upon entering the service.

5. Publish essays at public expense in favor of the widow and daughters4.

6. One time 10 tons<ысяч>5.

RGVIA. F. 194. Op. 1. D. 61. L. 14. Copy from the note of Nicholas I, made by V.A. Zhukovsky 6.

Notes

Dated according to the inscription V.A. Zhukovsky on a folded sheet of paper, in which a note from the emperor was enclosed: "A handwritten note given to me by the sovereign emperor on January 30, 1837", in this form, "Note ..." was kept in the collection
A.F. Onegin in Paris.
There is a footnote to this point in Zhukovsky’s letter: “The Sovereign wrote this according to my mark; I thought that Pushkin would be buried in the village of Pskovskaya, that this village was yours, and I asked her to ransom it for you, free his coffin and strengthen the estate for children. But since he was buried in the Monastery, and not in the village, he remained destroyed by itself. In fact, Mikhailovskoye was bought out by guardianship from debts in favor of Pushkin's children.
P. Shchegolev's book "The Duel and Death of Pushkin" (see: Shchegolev. 1987, p. 192) indicates that he quoted a note from a copy made by A.F. Onegin on tracing paper from the original; in the text he publishes is: "daughters." Zhukovsky, rewriting a note for an attachment to a letter from S.L. Pushkin, corrected all the errors in the note. In a copy from a note made by Zhukovsky for guardianship and handed over to G.A. Stroganov, contains several slips noted by Shchegolev.
In the version published by Shchegolev, it is indicated: "in favor of the widow and children."
The last point of the note was soon carried out; in the "Concise Notes on the Death of Pushkin" at the end of the third entry it is stated: "Money received from the States.<енного>Treasury on February 1, 10,000. Gave it to Count Grigory Alexandrovich Stroganov "(see: Pushkin in recollection 1985. Vol. 2. P. 393). As a relative of Pushkin, Stroganov took care of Pushkin's funeral, which is why he was given the money.
In Shchegolev's book, a draft of Zhukovsky's letter to gr. G.A. Stroganov, from the text of which it is clear that a copy of the note of Nicholas I was taken by him for guardianship; and he kept the original in his archive: "This note, a copy should ... be kept as a document with papers of guardianship, but the original, which is precious to me, I will keep with me."

“The extraordinary presence of the spirit did not leave the patient. From time to time he complained quietly of pain in his stomach and forgot himself for a short time.<…>About four o'clock the pain in the abdomen began to increase, and by five o'clock it became great. I sent for Arendt, he did not hesitate to arrive. The pain in the abdomen increased to the highest degree. It was real torture.<…>The patient was in terrible pain. But even here the extraordinary firmness of his soul was revealed in full measure. Ready to scream, he only groaned, afraid, as he said, that his wife would not hear, so as not to frighten her. Why these torments, he said, without them I would have died peacefully.

Zhukovsky later wrote: “Until five o’clock, Pushkin suffered, but tolerably. The bleeding was stopped with cold ointments. But about five o'clock the pain in the stomach became unbearable, and its strength overcame the strength of the soul; he began to moan; sent for Arendt.

“The dying man uttered such cries that Princess Vyazemskaya and Alexandra Nikolaevna (Natalya Nikolaevna’s sister. - Auth.), who were dozing in the next room, jumped up in fright, ”Bartenev wrote from the words of Vera Fedorovna. The grave condition of Pushkin forced the princess to write a note to Zhukovsky: “I beg you to come at once. Arendt says he can hardly survive the night."

“In the course of the night, Pushkin's suffering increased to such an extent that he decided to shoot himself. Calling a man (his faithful "uncle" Nikita Kozlov. - Auth.), he ordered to give him one of the drawers of the desk; the man did his will, but, remembering that there were pistols in this box, he warned Danzas. Danzas went up to Pushkin and took the pistols from him, which he had already hidden under the covers; giving them to Danzas, Pushkin admitted that he wanted to shoot himself, because his suffering was unbearable.

“What would happen to the poor wife if she could hear these cries for two hours; I am sure that her mind would not have endured this spiritual torture. But here's what happened: the wife, completely exhausted, lay in the living room with her head to the door, and they alone separated her from her husband's bed. At the first terrible cry of his, Princess Vyazemskaya, who was in the same room, rushed to her, fearing that something might happen to her. But she lay motionless (although she spoke in a minute); a heavy, lethargic sleep took possession of her; and this dream passed at the very moment when the last moaning was heard outside the doors, ”Zhukovsky later described what was happening.

A. I. Turgenev wrote about the same just a few hours later: “At night he screamed terribly: he almost fell to the floor in a convulsion of suffering. Good providence in those very ten minutes sent a dream to his wife, she did not hear the screams, the last scream woke her up, but she was told that it was on the street, after that he did not scream yet.

Ya. N. Neverov - S. P. Shevyrev.

« 28 January.

Heckern was wounded in the hand that he held at the waist: this saved him from a similar wound like that of Pushkin. The bullet pierced his hand, but did not touch the bones and the wound is not dangerous. His father sent a carriage for him in advance - he and Pushkin each arrived in a sleigh, and Gekern's second could not find a single surgeon - Gekern gave his carriage to Pushkin;<…>on the road in the carriage he joked with Danzas; he was brought home; the wife and sister of the wife, Alexandrina, were already in trouble; but only Alexandrina knew about his letter to his father Hekern<…>They sent for Arndt; but before that the wounded man had already visited his friend, the skilful doctor Spassky; there was nothing to operate; it was necessary to leave the wound without surgery; although the bullet is easy to cut out: but this would uselessly increase the flow of blood. The intestines are not touched; but inside the bloody nerves were severed, and the wound was declared fatal. Pushkin himself told the doctor that he hoped to live for two days.<…>When he was told that there had been cases that even from such wounds came to life, he waved his hand as a sign of doubt. Sometimes, but rarely, he calls his wife to him and said to her: “Be calm, you are innocent in this.” Princess Vyazemskaya and aunt Zagryazhskaya and sister Alexandrina do not leave their wife; I spent there until 4 o'clock in the morning with Zhukovsky, c. Velgursky and Danzas; but only one Danzas enters it. Today at 8 o'clock Danzas told me to tell that "it's getting worse and worse."<…>I ask you to let me read only this letter to I. I. Dmitriev and Sverbeev.

In N 12 2004 of the Russkiy Vestnik, the original letter from V. A. Zhukovsky to the poet’s father was printed. In this issue we place additional information from this letter that was not included in the previous publication.

Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky (January 29, 1783–April 12, 1852) was a famous Russian poet, one of Pushkin's closest friends. Pushkin saw him as a child in the houses of his uncle, V.L. Pushkin, and from their parents. Friendly relations that connected both poets until the last day of Pushkin's life began in the lyceum years. Among those close to Pushkin, Zhukovsky does not leave the apartment of the dying poet. After his death, he does everything possible for his "rehabilitation" in the eyes of the government, up to the tendentious consecration of the tragic events in a famous letter to S.L. Pushkin. He was able to obtain a pension for the poet's widow and children, permission to continue the Sovremennik, as well as the publication of the poet's works. Zhukovsky becomes one of the guardians of his family and property. His participation in the "posthumous search" - the analysis of the archive of the late poet helped to preserve Pushkin's literary heritage.

The letter itself was published four times before the revolution: "Sovremennik" (1837, N 5), "Russian Archive" (1870, v. 2, art. 247), in volume 6 of the "Works of V.A. Zhukovsky ”(St. Petersburg, 1878, p. 8−22), as well as the famous Pushkinist V.I. Shchegolev (1877−1931), in 1916 and reprinted twice after 1917: “The Duel and the Death of Pushkin. Research and materials ”(M.-L., 1928), (St. Petersburg, 1999). The text of the original (draft) letter to V.A. Zhukovsky about the death of the poet, which previously belonged to the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 D.V. Davydov, and then to his descendants, now stored in the Russian State Military Historical Archive, was published in Russkiy vestnik (2004, N 12). The grandson of the partisan poet, the Khvalyn leader of the nobility of the Saratov province, Pyotr Nikolaevich Davydov (1864−24.01.1910), until his retirement from military service, was the staff romaster of the rifle battalion of the imperial family. He kept his grandfather's archive in the village. Blagodatny, as evidenced by inventory stamps specially printed in a typographical way with the inscription "Library of the village of Blagodatnoye", pasted on documents bound in separate volumes. After the death of his grandson, his widow, Daria Nikolaevna Shilova, granddaughter of N.N. Pushkina-Lanskaya and P.P. Lansky, handed over the archive to D.V. Davydov, carefully preserved by his family, to the Russian Military Historical Society. Even during the life of P.N. Davydov with the assistance of the editor of "Russian Antiquity" P.N. Vorontsov (1855−1922), a retired lieutenant general and military historian, as well as professor I.A. Shlyapkina (1858−1918), a historian of Russian literature, was acquainted with the archive by M.A. Turnova. She also left the first fairly detailed description of the family archive: “Partisan-poet D.V. Davydov and his archive" (St. Petersburg, 1908) and issue No. 18 of the Bulletin of Archeology and History, published by the Archaeological Institute, 1909.

This version of the letter shows not only Zhukovsky's work on style, but also contains a previously unknown passage with an appeal directly to the poet's father, for whom this letter was intended. Vasily Andreevich also attached to his letter a plan of the last Petersburg apartment of the poet's family. The room-by-room plan of Pushkin's apartment allows one to imagine in detail not only the arrangement of rooms (or upper rooms, as Zhukovsky calls them), but also windows, doors, and the location of furniture. The study where the poet died is described by Zhukovsky very poorly: Pushkin "was brought into the study, he himself ... lay down on the sofa, which was in the study." It was here that the dying poet dreamed that together with Dahl he was flying "up these books and shelves." The poet's wife "in complete exhaustion" lay in the living room (room) "with her head to the door, and which alone separated her from her husband's bed." When it became clear that Pushkin was dying, according to Zhukovsky, “on both days, the room where he lay was almost constantly full of people. Of course, more than ten thousand people came to see him; many wept, others stopped for a long time and seemed to want to peer into his face; there was something striking in his immobility in the midst of this movement, and something touchingly mysterious in that prayer, which was heard so quietly, so monotonously in the midst of this noise.

In his letter, Vasily Andreevich also noted that “From the morning of the 28th, on which the news spread around the city that Pushkin was dying, his chambers were full of people who came to inquire about him, some were sent to ask about him, others and people of all fortunes, acquaintances and strangers came by themselves. A touching feeling of national, common sorrow was expressed in this arbitrary movement, unprepared by anything. The number of those who came finally became so great that the door of the hallway (which led to the study where the dying man lay) was constantly opened and closed, this disturbed the sufferer; we came up with the idea of locking one door from the hallway into the vestibule and pushing it out of the vestibule with a stall, and instead of it opening a narrow door from the stairs to the sideboard; and fence off the living room from the dining room with screens (you will understand these orders [to S.L. Pushkin - Comp.] from the attached plan). From that moment on, the buffet and the porch were filled with people; only acquaintances entered the dining room; the faces expressed simple-hearted participation, many were crying.

Among the visitors who wished to say goodbye to the poet, there were several people who left their notes with impressions of those tragic January days, supplementing the description of Pushkin's apartment, first made by Zhukovsky. There are several descriptions of Pushkin's last apartment, both brief and more detailed, published in the second half of the 19th century. All of them were made both by the poet's acquaintances and simply by admirers of his talent, his contemporaries. The memoirs of the amateur poet Oblachkin (b.), about a meeting with the poet three weeks before his death, contain a description of the interior of his office. Oblachkin recalled: “The poet's study consisted of a large narrow room. In the middle stood a huge table of simple wood, leaving a passageway at both ends, littered with papers and stationery, and the poet himself was sitting in a corner in a quiet armchair... The whole wall was lined with shelves of books... The study was spacious, bright, clean, but there was nothing intricate, intricate, luxurious, there was artless simplicity in everything ... ”(See: Northern bee, 1864, No. 49). A relative of the famous partisan poet, V.N. Davydov, wrote in his notes that after visiting the poet’s apartment and the “coffin room” (as he calls it), they also went to rest in the office, where Pushkin’s table stood in front of the sofa with rough sketches of the poet’s poems heaped in disorder (See: Russian antiquity, 1882, v.54, p.162). Baron F.A. Buhler (1821−1896) noted that "the room where the body rested looked more like an antechamber or a sideboard emptied of cupboards than any decent dining room", the walls of which were painted with yellow paint and "two windows overlooking the courtyard" (See: Russian archive, 1872, N 2, p. 202). According to V.P. Burnasheva (1810−1888), whose memoirs appeared in the same year and in the same journal, obviously under the influence of Buller's notes, also indicated that the room where the coffin stood was yellow and served "apparently ... a dining room, since there was a huge buffet in it” (See: ibid., No. 10). and V.N. Davydov noticed that the floors in all the rooms were of a reddish-yellowish color, and the walls in the "coffin room" were of the same shade: painted with bright yellow adhesive paint.

Bueller also noted that “in the middle of the room (and not in the corner, as usual) there was a coffin ... turned with its head to the windows, and with its feet to the door, wide open into the living room, overlooking the Moika.” Davydov confirmed that he saw Academician F.A. Bruni, who took a portrait "from lying in a coffin, head to the windows to the courtyard of Pushkin." E.A. Karlgof-Drashusova (1814−1884), whose husband is Major General V.K. Karlgof (1796−1841) attended the funeral of the poet, also wanted to pay a last visit to Pushkin. She found the coffin with the body of the deceased in a room with two windows, “similar to a lackey”, the atmosphere of which “outraged” her (See: Russian Bulletin, 1881, N 155, p. 155). K.N. Lebedev rather briefly noted that "his body (Pushkin - comp.) Was exhibited in the front room in front of the office," which resulted in "crowdedness and a waxy spirit" (See: Russian archive, 1910, N 2, p. 369−370 ). Both Buhler and E.A. Karlgof-Drashusova, independently of each other, testified that in order to enter the death room, one had to go "up the back stairs" (Büller) or "narrow, dirty stairs" (Karlhof).

And only one Lebedev saw and remembered the screens in the second room, "separating the entrance to the wife's room." The cited memoirs give only a general idea of the poet's apartment. Thus, the memoirs of Pushkin's contemporaries, published many years later, are not always correct and accurate, they have similarities and differences due to various reasons. All of them allow only approximately to imagine the place of the last earthly refuge of the poet and his family, without the necessary details.

The plan of the poet's apartment, in comparison with Shchegolev's publication, is in some ways more accurate, in some ways it will contain the inaccuracies specified by us in the notes. Thus, two plans of the apartment were known and published: V.N. Davydov (1887) and Shchegolev (1928).

Interest in the apartment on the Moika appeared in the last quarter of the 19th century.

Then the first descriptions of Pushkin's last residence appeared in the press - an apartment on the Moika. His friends, admirers and contemporaries came to say goodbye to the body of the deceased poet. One of them wrote about his visit to the poet's apartment on January 19, 1837, as follows: “... outsiders were let in through some kind of underground passage and a back staircase. From there I got straight into a small and very low room, painted with yellow paint and overlooking the courtyard with two windows ... Even the room where the body rested looked more like a hallway or a cupboard empty of cupboards than a decent dining room. ”Another visitor described the funeral the situation of Pushkin's apartment on January 30, 1837, as follows: “A crowd of the public stood like a wall against the windows hung with thick curtains and curtains ... This yellow room, apparently, was a dining room, since it had a huge buffet. Two or three windows facing the street were covered, and sheets were thrown over some oil painting and a fairly large mirror.” In 1874 P.I. Bartenev, according to the residents of the lower floor of the house on the Moika, sketched the plan of Pushkin's apartment, which turned out to be incorrect: the poet's office was designated as a room overlooking the river embankment.

V.N. Davydov, who attended Pushkin’s farewell on January 30, 1837, left a description of the poet’s apartment: “at the entrance to the left, in the corner, two simple chests stood one on top of the other, on the upper chair, on which Academician Bruni sat in front of an easel, taking a portrait from a lying in a coffin, with the head facing the courtyard, Pushkin .... the floors in all rooms (quite worn) were painted with red-yellowish paint, the walls of the room where the coffin stood were glued bright yellow. - ... in the office on the sofa in front of the table. on which ... they saw a heap of draft poems of the poet in disorder with writing materials ... ". The same Davydov also published the plan of Pushkin's apartment, in which the study was designated as a room with windows facing the courtyard. The plan itself did not inspire complete confidence with a large number of inaccuracies, but the location of the office was indicated correctly.

In 1907, a house on the Moika, owned by P.D. Volkonsky. The artists of the World of Arts, who were interested in the history of the house in which the last apartment of the poet was located, met with the owner of the house on the Moika, and from his words they found out the following: “The traditions of the house, like the room in which Pushkin died, indicate a corner room with three windows overlooking the Moika, which is part of the former Pushkin's office with five windows, subsequently divided by a partition into two rooms. M.V. Dobuzhinsky wrote: “First of all, the question arose where Pushkin died, and Iv.Iv. Bok (Volkonsky's guardian) ... pointed to a room with three windows adjacent to the gate - part of the former office with 5 windows, later divided into 2 rooms ... According to Bok, Pushkin died in the place where the fireplace was later placed and the partition adjoins. In the memory of Volkonsky, in the place where there was still no partition, a plaque was attached with an inscription about Pushkin's death (on the centenary of Pushkin's birth, a memorial service was served in this room on May 27, 1899).

During the exhibition, a special exposition was arranged in the poet's office. A bust of Pushkin by L. Sherwood and a copy of the statuette by A. Terebenev were placed in a room decorated with flowers. Above the fireplace they attached a board with the inscription: "Pushkin died here." To recreate the interior and color of the life of the Pushkin era, antique furniture and embroidered wallets by A.A. Somova-Mikhailova.

This first attempt to create a memorial Pushkin study was criticized by the famous Pushkinist N.O. Lerner, who, based on the apartment plan published by V.N. Davydov, considered the reconstruction of the artists to be incorrect and called for "turning ... to undoubted documentary sources." The artists were painfully worried about a possible mistake, defending themselves, they tried to find documentary confirmation of their idea of exposition and even turned to the eldest son of the poet, A.A. Pushkin, with questions.

Confirmation of their hypothesis was found only in 1916, when the plan of the apartment made by Zhukovsky was first published in the collection “Pushkin and His Contemporaries” (see: Popova N.I. Pushkin’s Apartment on Moika, 12 // Panorama of Arts. N 11. M., 1988. S. 279−281). The graphics of the plan itself, its design and textual explanations in the Davydov copy of Zhukovsky's letter differ from the well-known plan of the poet's apartment at 12, Moika, reproduced by P.E. Shchegolev. In the copy, the plan is made more carefully with a ruler, but it is less accurate in detail regarding other rooms.

Not later than February 15, 1837 (1) - A note with explanations to the plan of the Pushkins' apartment, drawn up by V.A. Zhukovsky (2).

a. The sofa on which Pushkin lay and died.

b. His chairs.

c. His desk is full of books.

d. Shelves with books.

e. The couch on which lay N. Nikol..

g. The place where the coffin was.

h. The stall with which the door from the hallway is closed.

i. A small staircase to the buffet, through which everyone descended after closing the doors in the hallway (3).

RGVIA. F. 194. Op. 1. D. 61.

L. 13 about. Draft.

Notes

1. It is dated by the time of the writing of the letter by Zhukovsky, to which the plan was attached.

2. Made more carefully than the original drawing of the apartment, the plan of the letter is less accurate in details that do not concern the rooms associated with Pushkin's death: the partition in the bedroom is not indicated, small pieces of furniture in the living room, hallway and hallway; the rooms are named rather than numbered as in the original plan. The inscriptions in the copy attached to the letter are much more concise, but are consistent in meaning with the longer explanations of the original plan.

3. Met in 1886-1887. in Wiesbaden with the poet's youngest daughter, Countess von N.A. Merenberg, the famous Russian historian M.I. Semevsky wrote down her brief memoirs about the poet’s apartment on the Moika: “The apartment where he died was abandoned by his mother, but later my acquaintances lived in it, by the way Demidova, and I often visited it” (See: The last year of Pushkin’s life / Compiled by V. V. Kunin, Moscow, 1988, p. 339). Unfortunately, the poet's relatives did not leave any other evidence.

Plan notes:

To compare plans, it is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of their content and design, since there are not only similarities, but also differences. Plan from the D.V. Davydov is drawn with a ruler and probably in ink. Our plan shows window and letter openings. All rooms are named by Zhukovsky himself, all pieces of furniture are numbered with 9 Latin letters, alphabetically: "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", " i ”(Shchegolev - within each room the numbering of objects is not gross, but its own; in this case, only the first five letters were used). But the plan does not show furniture in the bedroom and nursery, perhaps because they are not mentioned in the letter.

1. On the plan in the office there are three doorways: into the entrance hall, the nursery (filled with bookshelves) and the living room (closed up “tightly” and also lined with bookshelves). Here is a corner fireplace, erroneously shown to the left of the table, in fact - to the right. The office has two windows. The place of the poet's death is also marked here - the sofa "???"

2. In the living room - three doorways: to the office ("deaf"), bedroom, dining room; two windows. Here is Natalya Nikolaevna's couch, set at an angle of 30? (at Shchegolev - set straight).

3. In the corner of the hallway, near the doorway, the place “where the coffin was” is marked, also indicated by “???” (Shchegolev has it in the center of the room). Here - two windows, located asymmetrically; three doorways: into the office, dining room and porch (Shchegolev also has a corner stove adjacent to the same stove in the living room).

4. In the dining room, 2 asymmetrical windows, 3 doorways are indicated: to the living room, hallway, buffet (i.e. pantry room). The screen is shown in the form of a zigzag, diagonally: from the corner of the room (adjacent to the cupboard) to the first window (on the right). (At Shchegolev, the screen is shown from one doorway to another. Here, Natalya Nikolaevna's couch is indicated by a dash).

5. In the entrance hall, the usual location of the shop is shown, against the wall, having screwed up the entrance. There is also a large staircase leading to the buffet closet. (Shchegolev depicts two positions of the stall: in the usual place near a blank wall and on days of mourning - near the opposite wall, near the doorway; one window).

6. The buffet rooms were connected by a small staircase. There are two doorways here.

7. In the sideboard (with a closet) - two doorways, between the sideboard and the entrance hall, the sideboard and the dining room, two asymmetrical windows. (At Shchegolev - in addition to the indicated openings, there is one more - to the street. There are no windows).

8. On the plan, the bedroom and living room are the same in length, but different in width: the living room is wider than the bedroom. The dining room and buffet have almost equal dimensions, i.e. the shape of a square. (Shchegolev's three rooms (bedroom, living room and dining room) are depicted as identical not only in length, but also in width, despite the fact that the value of the length is greater than the width. Here, the sideboard with the passage has the shape of a square).

9. There are three windows in the bedroom and one doorway - into the living room. In the nursery - one door ("deaf") opening - into the office. It also shows another part of the house, probably the rooms of the Goncharov sisters, symmetrical to the bedroom and sideboard. (At Shchegolev, the other two rooms are only outlined. The bedroom also shows the doorway to the nursery, the Pushkins' bed and a certain "partition". In the description of A.A. Platonov "Pushkin's last apartment in its past and present. Compiled by M. Belyaev and A Platonov", dated 1927, a cautious assumption was made that "the bedroom was divided across by screens or a partition ... - in order to close the bed and so that it would be more convenient to pass from the Goncharovs' rooms to the living room and dining room. " It seems to us that another option is possible - an alcove or fabric curtains, for the same purposes).

Portal for the student. Self-training

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