The territorial zones of the Russian Federation are areas that are united by the possibility of building certain objects. Within their limits, there are regimes of permitted use established by legislative and other regulatory acts. The territorial zones of settlements in which a large number of people live are called multifunctional. They house warehouse, industrial facilities, public and business buildings and engineering infrastructure.
Classification
It is carried out depending on the destination. So, territorial zones are distinguished:
- Residential development.
- production.
- Public and business purpose.
- Transport and engineering infrastructure.
- Recreation.
- Agricultural use.
- Special Purpose.
- To accommodate military installations.
Each category on the master plans and diagrams has its own designation. In addition to the above list, other types of territorial zones can be established depending on local conditions. The designation of the same type of areas within each of them may vary. The composition of the territorial zones may include streets, roads, embankments, passages, boulevards, squares, reservoirs and other objects. Within their limits, there may also be areas where special urban planning regulations and restrictions on use apply.
Residential development
Such territorial zones are used to accommodate structures of various heights. There may be multi-family or individual houses. Territorial zones of land for residential development may include separate objects of cultural and social services for citizens, places of worship, parking lots for vehicles, utility, storage, industrial facilities, the operation of which does not adversely affect the environment. 
Notation
The territorial zone of a land plot intended for residential construction can be identified on master plans and diagrams as follows:
- Collective gardening - G1.
- Low-rise buildings of a cottage type, blocked or detached individual houses - Zh2.
- Mixed low-rise buildings - Zh3.
- Mid-rise buildings - Zh4.
- Buildings with 9 or more floors - Zh5.
ODZ
Public and business territorial zones are used to place objects:
Residential buildings, hotels, multi-storey or underground garages can be located within the ODZ. In the general plans, the territorial zone of the land plot for the placement of public and business facilities has the following designations:
- D - all the above types of development with the inclusion of residential buildings, engineering infrastructure associated with their maintenance.
- D1 - multifunctional complexes.
- D2 - objects of health care, secondary and higher vocational education, culture, administrative and research centers, places of worship.
- D3 - multifunctional public and business development in the newly formed territories.
- CI - all types of objects listed in the list, including water transport facilities, residential buildings and infrastructure serving them.
- Railway - public and business building with the placement of housing estates.
Location of production
Industrial territorial zones are used to accommodate storage and utility, transport and infrastructure facilities that ensure the functioning of enterprises. Owners of production facilities carry out landscaping at their own expense. In industrial areas, sanitary protection zones are established. It is not allowed to place preschool and educational institutions, residential buildings, health facilities, sports and recreation centers, sports complexes, horticultural, dacha, horticultural cooperatives and enterprises producing agricultural products in them. On the general plans, industrial territorial zones are indicated:
Additional categories
Production zones include subzones:
- P1. Industrial enterprises of the 1st class of hazard are located here. In these territories, the development of related and auxiliary industries, organizations of a lower level of danger is allowed.
- P2. Within this subzone, enterprises of the II class of hazard are located.
- P3. Organizations belonging to the III class of danger are located here.
- P4. Within the boundaries of this subzone, enterprises of the IV class are located. harmfulness.
- P5. On this territory there are organizations of the V class of danger, including those that do not have sanitary protection zones.
- P6. In this territory there are facilities for communal and warehouse purposes. These include goods stations, trading / vegetable bases and other objects.
Within the zones P3-P6, it is allowed to place organizations whose work relates to the created or ongoing production activities. Business establishments usually form the SPZ sector between the sources of industrial emissions and the beginning of the residential area. The areas of sanitary protection zones for enterprises of classes I-II can be changed in accordance with the decision of the Chief Sanitary Doctor of Russia or his deputy, for production of III-V classes. - by order of the head physician of the subject or a person authorized by him. 
Transport and engineering infrastructure
These territorial zones are used for the placement and operation of structures and communications of automobile, rail, sea, river, pipeline, air transport and communications, as well as service equipment. A prerequisite for the location of objects is the observance of certain distances between them and housing estates, recreational and public and business complexes, as well as other requirements aimed at preventing a negative impact on the environment. If the objects act as sources of danger or harmful effects on the health of citizens, they are transferred outside the boundaries of the territorial zones of residential development. Landscaping of areas intended for the placement of transport and engineering infrastructure facilities is carried out by their owners. The responsibilities of the subjects also include the creation of sanitary protection zones.
recreational facilities
They are located in their respective areas. Within their boundaries are gardens, parks, urban forests, beaches and other facilities used for recreation of citizens. Recreational zones may also include valuable and specially protected natural complexes. Within their boundaries, the construction and expansion of functioning storage, utility and production facilities is prohibited. Exceptions are facilities used to ensure the operation of health and recreational complexes. On the master plan, such zones can be indicated:
Agricultural areas
Within the boundaries of the city and the countryside, arable lands, vineyards, orchards, pastures, kitchen gardens, as well as territories occupied by agricultural buildings, structures, and buildings are distinguished. Agricultural activities can be carried out on these areas until the category of their use is changed in accordance with the development rules and the general plan. Zones can have the following designations:
- C - agricultural land, greenhouses, nurseries, production facilities for agricultural purposes. Engineering and social infrastructure can also be located here.
- C1 - greenhouses, nurseries, agricultural land.
- C2 - production facilities for agricultural purposes, including engineering communications, social infrastructure.
- C3 - dacha farming and gardening.
water areas
International legal acts define such a concept as a zone of territorial waters. The key provisions governing the water area are established in the 1958 UN Convention. In accordance with the document, a distance of 12 miles (22.2 km) is allocated, counted from the maximum low tide line - the territorial sea - the adjacent zone to the continental part of the state. In Russia, its width is set at 12 miles. About 30 countries adhere to the previously existing limit of 3 miles. The entire area of the territorial sea, its subsoil and bottom, and the airspace above it belong to the coastal state. At the same time, according to the Convention, the right of peaceful passage of foreign ships in this water area is recognized. This provision is a compromise solution to the issue of state sovereignty and the interests of international navigation. The passage will be considered peaceful if the security and good order of the coastal country is not violated. The movement of ships of foreign states must be carried out continuously and quickly. When passing, ships are required to comply with the rules of the coastal country, established in accordance with international regulations. 
ZTR
The Russian Federation provides for zones of territorial development, the formation of which is regulated by federal legislation. The definition of ZTR is established in paragraph 1 of Art. 2 FZ No. 392. It is part of the territory of the region of the country, where residents are provided with state support measures. ZTR are formed to accelerate the development of the respective region in social and economic terms. Creating favorable conditions is aimed at attracting investment. Territorial economic zones are formed within one MO. It is allowed to create ZTR in several municipalities, if they act as urban districts or administrative regions. At the same time, MOs can border on each other, but must be located in the same region. ZTR lines are determined by the boundaries of the municipalities where they are located.
Functional zoning
It is carried out to ensure the rational formation of the spatial and planning structure of the area. The establishment of functional zones largely helps to prevent the negative impact of production factors existing on the territory on the health of the population. There are the following categories of terrain:
- Residential. It is designed to accommodate residential areas, green spaces, community centers.
- Industrial. Manufacturing plants are located within it.
- Communal warehouse. It is intended for depots, garages, cargo storage areas and other facilities of a similar purpose.
- Recreational. There are parks, beaches and other places for short-term recreation of citizens.
Also, within the limits of the settlement, an external transport zone is provided for freight and passenger stations, marinas, and so on. In addition, within the city limits, areas outside the development area are envisaged. There are tree nurseries, subsidiary farms, cemeteries, as well as reserve plots that are temporarily used for various purposes. All areas that belong to the city are limited to the boundaries of the settlement.
Suburb
In large settlements in the territories adjacent to them, a special zone is formed. The suburb is necessary to ensure the further development of the city. Mostly commercial services are located here. The suburb can influence the microclimate of the settlement. Fruit and vegetable bases, farms and other agricultural facilities that provide citizens with food can be located on its territory. The suburb is also a place of recreation. Children's camps, dachas, sanatoriums, boarding houses are often located here. In addition, communal facilities and processing enterprises are located in the suburbs. In all suburban areas there is a forest park belt. In accordance with the profile of the city, other areas can be allocated in the structure. For example, in the settlements of a scientific orientation, a zone of research institutes, universities, and design bureaus is provided. Residential and industrial areas are allocated in large urban settlements. In the latter, in fact, communal storage and industrial zones are combined. Proper site planning is essential. All zones should be located taking into account the territorial development, the need and possibility of creating a SPZ and gaps between housing estates and industrial facilities.
1. As a result of urban planning zoning, residential, public and business, industrial zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructures, zones of agricultural use, zones of recreational purposes, zones of specially protected territories, zones of special purpose, zones of deployment of military facilities and other types of territorial zones may be determined.
2. Residential areas may include:
1) building zones with individual residential buildings;
2) development zones with low-rise residential buildings;
3) development zones with mid-rise residential buildings;
4) development zones with multi-storey residential buildings;
5) residential development zones of other types.
3. In residential areas, it is allowed to place free-standing, built-in or attached objects of social and domestic purposes, healthcare facilities, objects of preschool, primary general and secondary (complete) general education, places of worship, parking lots, garages, objects related to habitation of citizens and not having a negative impact on the environment. Residential areas may also include areas intended for gardening and dacha farming.
4. The composition of public and business zones may include:
1) business, public and commercial areas;
2) zones of placement of objects of social and municipal purposes;
3) service areas of facilities necessary for the implementation of production and entrepreneurial activities;
4) public and business zones of other types.
5. Public and business zones are intended to accommodate healthcare facilities, culture, trade, public catering, social and domestic purposes, business activities, secondary vocational and higher vocational education facilities, administrative, research institutions, places of worship, car parking , objects of business, financial purposes, other objects related to ensuring the life of citizens.
6. The list of capital construction facilities permitted for placement in public and business areas may include residential buildings, hotels, underground or multi-storey garages.
7. The composition of production zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructure may include:
1) communal zones - zones for the placement of communal and storage facilities, housing and communal facilities, transport facilities, wholesale trade facilities;
2) production zones - zones of location of production facilities with different environmental impact standards;
3) other types of production, engineering and transport infrastructures.
8. Production zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructures are designed to accommodate industrial, utility and storage facilities, engineering and transport infrastructure facilities, including structures and communications of railway, road, river, sea, air and pipeline transport, communications, as well as for establishment of sanitary protection zones of such facilities in accordance with the requirements of technical regulations.
9. The composition of the zones of agricultural use may include:
1) zones of agricultural land - arable lands, hayfields, pastures, fallow lands, lands occupied by perennial plantations (gardens, vineyards and others);
2) zones occupied by agricultural facilities and intended for farming, dacha farming, gardening, personal subsidiary farming, development of agricultural facilities.
10. The composition of the territorial zones established within the boundaries of settlements may include zones of agricultural use (including zones of agricultural land), as well as zones occupied by agricultural facilities and intended for agriculture, summer cottages, gardening, development of agricultural facilities. destination.
(As amended by Federal Law No. 232-FZ of December 18, 2006)
(see text in previous edition)
11. Recreational zones may include zones within the boundaries of territories occupied by urban forests, squares, parks, city gardens, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, beaches, as well as within the boundaries of other territories used and intended for recreation, tourism, physical activity. culture and sports.
12. Territorial zones may include zones of specially protected territories. The zones of specially protected territories may include land plots of special environmental, scientific, historical and cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other especially valuable value.
13. Special purpose zones may include zones occupied by cemeteries, crematoria, cattle burial grounds, consumer waste disposal facilities and other objects, the placement of which can only be ensured by allocating these zones and is unacceptable in other territorial zones.
14. Territorial zones may include zones for deployment of military installations and other special purpose zones.
15. In addition to those provided for by this article, the local self-government body may establish other types of territorial zones allocated taking into account the functional zones and the specifics of the use of land plots and capital construction projects.
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Zoning of territories of urban and rural settlements. Types of territorial zones. Urban planning documentation
Zoning of territories of settlements. Types of territorial zones.
According to Art. 7 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, the lands of settlements are part of the lands in the Russian Federation.
Lands of settlements lands used and intended for construction and development of settlements are recognized.
According to Art. 85 RF LC, Art. 35 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the composition of the lands of settlements may include land plots, assigned in accordance with town planning regulations to the following territorial zones:
- residential;
- social and business;
- production;
- engineering and transport infrastructures;
- recreational;
- agricultural use;
- special purpose;
- military installations;
- other territorial zones.
Land plots within residential areas are intended for development with residential buildings, as well as objects of cultural, domestic and other purposes. Residential zones may be designated for individual residential development, low-rise mixed residential development, medium-rise mixed residential development and multi-storey residential development, as well as other types of development in accordance with town planning regulations.
Composition of residential areas
Residential areas may include:
- building zones with individual residential buildings;
- development zones with low-rise residential buildings;
- development zones with mid-rise residential buildings;
- development areas with multi-storey residential buildings;
- residential areas of other types.
In residential areas, it is allowed to place free-standing, built-in or attached objects of social and domestic purposes, healthcare facilities, objects of preschool, primary general and secondary general education, places of worship, parking lots, garages, objects related to the residence of citizens and not providing negative impact on the environment. Residential areas may also include areas intended for gardening and dacha farming.
Land plots as part of public and business zones are intended for development with administrative buildings, educational, cultural, community, social facilities and other objects intended for public use in accordance with urban planning regulations.
Composition of public and business zones
Public and business zones may include:
- business, public and commercial areas;
- zones of placement of objects of social and municipal purposes;
- service areas of facilities necessary for the implementation of production and business activities;
- public and business zones of other types.
Public and business zones are designed to accommodate healthcare facilities, culture, trade, public catering, social and domestic purposes, business activities, secondary vocational and higher education facilities, administrative, research institutions, religious buildings, parking lots, business facilities. , financial purpose, other objects related to ensuring the life of citizens.
The list of capital construction projects permitted for placement in public and business areas may include residential buildings, hotels, underground or multi-storey garages.
Land plots within production zones are intended for development by industrial, municipal and warehouse, other production facilities intended for these purposes in accordance with urban planning regulations.
Composition of production zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructures
The composition of production zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructure may include:
- communal zones - zones of placement of communal and warehouse objects, objects of housing and communal services, objects of transport, objects of wholesale trade;
- production zones - zones of location of production facilities with different environmental impact standards;
- other types of industrial, engineering and transport infrastructures.
Production zones, engineering and transport infrastructure zones are designed to accommodate industrial, utility and storage facilities, engineering and transport infrastructure facilities, including facilities and communications of railway, road, river, sea, air and pipeline transport, communications, as well as to establish sanitary -protective zones of such facilities in accordance with the requirements of technical regulations.
Land plots as part of engineering and transport infrastructure zones are intended for construction of railway, automobile, river, sea, air and pipeline transport, communications, engineering infrastructure, as well as other objects in accordance with urban planning regulations.
Land plots as part of recreational zones, including land occupied by city forests, squares, parks, city gardens, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, are used for citizens' recreation and tourism.
Within the boundaries of settlements, zones of specially protected territories can be distinguished, which include land plots of special environmental, scientific, historical, cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health-improving and other especially valuable value.
The composition of recreational areas
Recreational zones may include zones within the boundaries of territories occupied by urban forests, squares, parks, city gardens, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, beaches, coastal strips of public water bodies, as well as within the boundaries of other territories used and intended for recreation. , tourism, physical culture and sports.
Land plots within agricultural use zones in settlements - land plots occupied by arable land, perennial plantations, as well as buildings, structures, structures for agricultural purposes - are used for the purpose of agricultural production until the type of their use is changed in accordance with the general plans of settlements and the rules of land use and development.
Composition of agricultural use zones
Agricultural use zones may include:
- agricultural land zones - arable lands, hayfields, pastures, fallow lands, lands occupied by perennial plantations (gardens, vineyards and others);
- zones occupied by agricultural facilities and intended for agriculture, dacha farming, gardening, personal subsidiary plots, development of agricultural facilities.
The composition of territorial zones established within the boundaries of settlements may include zones of agricultural use (including zones of agricultural land), as well as zones occupied by agricultural facilities and intended for agriculture, summer cottages, gardening, development of agricultural facilities.
Land plots for general use occupied by squares, streets, driveways, highways, embankments, squares, boulevards, water bodies, beaches and other objects, may be included in different territorial zones and are not subject to privatization.
The boundaries of territorial zones must meet the requirements that each land plot belong to only one zone.
The composition of the territorial zones may include zones of specially protected territories containing land plots of special environmental, scientific, historical and cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other especially valuable value.
As part of special purpose zones may include areas occupied by cemeteries, crematoria, animal burial grounds, consumer waste disposal facilities and other facilities, the placement of which can only be ensured through the allocation of these zones and is unacceptable in other territorial zones.
Territorial zones may include zones for deployment of military installations and other special-purpose zones.
Urban planning documentation
See Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of October 29, 2002 N 150 "On approval of the Instructions on the procedure for the development, approval, examination and approval of urban planning documentation"
The main urban planning documentation includes:
- land use and building regulations;
- town planning regulation.
Land use and development rules (Article 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) - a document of urban planning zoning, which is approved by the regulatory legal acts of local governments, regulatory legal acts of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg and which establishes territorial zones, urban planning regulations, procedures application of such a document and the procedure for amending it.
The rules for land use and development establish urban planning regulations for each territorial zone individually, taking into account the peculiarities of its location and development, as well as the possibility of territorial combination of various types of land use (residential, public and business, industrial, recreational and other types of land use).
Urban planning regulations (Article 1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) - established within the boundaries of the corresponding territorial zone
1. As a result of urban planning zoning, residential, public and business, industrial zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructures, zones of agricultural use, zones of recreational purposes, zones of specially protected territories, zones of special purpose, zones of deployment of military facilities and other types of territorial zones may be determined.
2. Residential areas may include:
1) building zones with individual residential buildings;
2) building zones with individual residential buildings and low-rise residential buildings of block building;
3) development zones with mid-rise block-built residential buildings and apartment buildings;
(as amended by Federal Law No. 340-FZ of August 3, 2018)
4) building zones with multi-storey apartment buildings;
(as amended by Federal Law No. 340-FZ of August 3, 2018)
5) residential development zones of other types.
3. In residential areas, it is allowed to place free-standing, built-in or attached objects of social and domestic purposes, healthcare facilities, objects of preschool, primary general and secondary general education, places of worship, parking lots, garages, objects related to the residence of citizens and without negative impact on the environment. Residential areas may also include areas intended for gardening.
(as amended by Federal Laws No. 185-FZ of July 2, 2013, No. 217-FZ of July 29, 2017)
4. The composition of public and business zones may include:
1) business, public and commercial areas;
2) zones of placement of objects of social and municipal purposes;
3) service areas of facilities necessary for the implementation of production and entrepreneurial activities;
4) public and business zones of other types.
5. Public and business zones are intended to accommodate healthcare facilities, culture, trade, public catering, social and domestic purposes, entrepreneurial activities, secondary vocational and higher education facilities, administrative, research institutions, places of worship, car parks, objects of business, financial purpose, other objects related to ensuring the life of citizens.
(As amended by Federal Law No. 185-FZ of July 2, 2013)
6. The list of capital construction objects permitted for placement in public and business zones may include residential buildings, residential buildings of block building, apartment buildings, hotels, underground or multi-storey garages.
(as amended by Federal Law No. 340-FZ of August 3, 2018)
7. The composition of production zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructure may include:
1) communal zones - zones for the placement of communal and storage facilities, housing and communal facilities, transport facilities, wholesale trade facilities;
2) production zones - zones of location of production facilities with different environmental impact standards;
3) other types of production, engineering and transport infrastructures.
8. Production zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructures are designed to accommodate industrial, utility and storage facilities, engineering and transport infrastructure facilities, including structures and communications of railway, road, river, sea, air and pipeline transport, communications, as well as for establishment of sanitary protection zones of such facilities in accordance with the requirements of technical regulations.
9. The composition of the zones of agricultural use may include:
1) zones of agricultural land - arable lands, hayfields, pastures, fallow lands, lands occupied by perennial plantations (gardens, vineyards and others);
2) zones occupied by agricultural facilities and intended for agriculture, horticulture and horticulture, personal subsidiary plots, development of agricultural facilities.
(as amended by Federal Law No. 217-FZ of July 29, 2017)
10. The composition of the territorial zones established within the boundaries of settlements may include zones of agricultural use (including zones of agricultural land), as well as zones occupied by agricultural facilities and intended for agriculture, gardening and horticulture, development of agricultural facilities .
(As amended by the Federal Laws of December 18, 2006 N 232-FZ, of July 29, 2017 N 217-FZ)
11. Recreational zones may include zones within the boundaries of territories occupied by urban forests, squares, parks, city gardens, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, beaches, coastal strips of public water bodies, as well as within the boundaries of other territories used and intended for recreation, tourism, physical culture and sports.
(as amended by Federal Law No. 246-FZ of July 19, 2011)
12. Territorial zones may include zones of specially protected territories. The zones of specially protected territories may include land plots of special environmental, scientific, historical and cultural, aesthetic, recreational, health and other especially valuable value.
13. Special purpose zones may include zones occupied by cemeteries, crematoriums, animal burial grounds, objects used for the burial of solid municipal waste, and other objects, the placement of which can only be ensured by allocating these zones and is unacceptable in other territorial zones.
(as amended by Federal Law No. 458-FZ of December 29, 2014)
14. Territorial zones may include zones for deployment of military installations and other special purpose zones.
15. In addition to those provided for by this article, the local self-government body may establish other types of territorial zones allocated taking into account the functional zones and the specifics of the use of land plots and capital construction projects.
Urban Planning Code (GRK) of the Russian Federation specializes in the regulation of urban planning activities aimed at developing the territories of cities, various settlements and individual (related to these works, services) relations. Contributes to ensuring the stable development of territories on the basis of territorial planning and urban zoning. Controls the balance of accounting for economic, environmental, social, etc. factors in the implementation of urban development work. Proclaims the provision of appropriate conditions for persons with disabilities for their unhindered access to objects for various purposes. Raises such issues as the participation of people and their associations in the implementation of urban planning, ensuring the freedom of such participation, the responsibility of the state authorities of our country, government agencies of the subjects of the Russian Federation and local self-government for ensuring decent living conditions for a person, etc.
Urban planning zoning of the territories of settlements;
Article 35 (Urban Planning Code) of the Russian Federation General plans for urban and rural settlements
1. General plan - urban planning documentation on urban planning for the development of the territories of urban and rural settlements. The master plan is developed in accordance with the duly approved urban planning documentation of the federal level and the level of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
The master plan is the main urban planning document that determines, in the interests of the population and the state, the conditions for the formation of the living environment, the directions and boundaries of the development of the territories of urban and rural settlements, zoning of territories, the development of engineering, transport and social infrastructures, urban planning requirements for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage sites and especially protected natural areas, ecological and sanitary well-being.
2. In the general plan of an urban or rural settlement, the following are determined:
the main directions of development of the territory of the settlement, taking into account the peculiarities of socio-economic development, natural and climatic conditions, the population of an urban or rural settlement;
zones of various functional purposes and restrictions on the use of the territories of these zones;
measures to protect the territory of an urban or rural settlement from the impact of natural and man-made emergencies, the development of engineering, transport and social infrastructures;
The master plans of urban and rural settlements contain proposals for establishing the boundaries of settlements, as well as for providing resources for the integrated development of the territories of settlements.
3. The master plan of the city and its suburban area may be developed as a single document on the basis of an agreement between local governments of adjacent territories.
4. The general plan of a city with a population of up to fifty thousand people and the general plan of a rural settlement may be developed together with the draft planning of the territories of these settlements as a single document.
5. When developing the master plan of a historical settlement, the historical and architectural base plan of such a settlement and projects of zones for the protection of historical and cultural monuments are taken into account.
6. Master plans for urban and rural settlements are developed and approved by the local self-government bodies of the respective settlements in the manner prescribed by this Code.
The general plan of the city and its suburban zone is approved by the state authorities of the relevant subject of the Russian Federation in the manner prescribed by this Code.
7. The master plan of an urban or rural settlement, prior to its approval, is subject to publication and approval by the interested federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, specially authorized state bodies in the field of environmental expertise, as well as with interested organizations and the public ( articles 18 and 28 of this Code).
In the assignment for the development of a master plan for an urban or rural settlement, in order to take into account state interests, a list of federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is determined, in agreement with which this master plan is developed and approved.
Urban planning zoning as "... zoning of the territories of municipalities in order to determine territorial zones and establish urban planning regulations."
Urban planning regulations are the following established within the boundaries of the respective territorial zones: 1) types of permitted use of land plots and other real estate objects; 2) limit sizes of land plots; 3) limiting parameters of permitted construction and reconstruction; 4) restrictions on the use of land plots and capital construction projects.
Territorial zoning.
Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation in Art. one defines zoning as the division of the territory into zones in urban planning for the development of territories and settlements with the definition of types of urban development use of established zones and restrictions on their use. Zoning is carried out through legal zoning - activities of local governments in the field of development and implementation of rules for building the territories of urban and rural settlements, other municipalities.
According to paragraph 2 of Art. 35 of the Town Planning Code, in the master plan of an urban or rural settlement, zones of various functional purposes and restrictions on the use of the territories of these zones are determined. Information about the zoning of territories and the urban planning regulations of territorial zones are included in the state urban planning cadastre (clause 5, article 54 of the Urban Planning Code).
Zoning of the territories of settlements determines permitted use of land plots and other real estate objects in urban planning, i.e. use of real estate objects in accordance with town planning regulations and restrictions on the use of these objects, as well as easements.
Zoning of the territories of settlements has two main distinguishing features. Firstly, it is associated with urban planning activities. And secondly, in the process of zoning, the construction and use of real estate objects as an interconnected complex of buildings, structures, structures and the land plot on which they are located are regulated. In this way, territorial zoning -activity
the relevant authorities in the field of planning urban planning activities for the integrated regulation of the creation and use of real estate and the use of land plots by dividing the territories of settlements into appropriate zones.
In Art. 40-48 of the Town Planning Code defined types of territorial zones and the main provisions of their legal regime.
So, in the territories of urban and rural settlements, territorial zones of the following types can be established: residential; social and business; production; engineering and transport infrastructures; recreational; agricultural use; special purpose; military installations, other zones of regime territories. In addition, local self-government bodies of urban and rural settlements, in accordance with local conditions, may establish other territorial zones, as well as include land plots and other real estate in them.
In territorial zones can be allocated subzones,
the specifics of the use of territories of which are determined by the urban planning regulations, taking into account the restrictions established by the land legislation of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of the natural environment, the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of historical and cultural monuments, and other legislation of the Russian Federation. Territorial zones may include common areas occupied by squares, streets, driveways, roads, embankments, squares, boulevards, reservoirs and other objects. Common areas in urban and rural settlements are designed to meet the public interests of the population. The procedure for the use of such territories is determined by local governments.
According to paragraphs 3 and 4 of Art. 39 of the Town Planning Code, the boundaries of territorial zones are determined taking into account the red lines, the natural boundaries of natural objects, the boundaries of land plots and other boundaries. The legal regime established for each territorial zone by urban planning regulations applies equally to all land plots and other real estate objects located in it. In the territorial zones, within the boundaries of which urban planning activities are subject to special regulation, additional requirements may be established for individual real estate objects.
Setting limits.
According to paragraph 3 of Art. 37 of the Town Planning Code restrictions for the use of territories for urban planning activities are also established in the following zones:
zones of protection of historical and cultural monuments, historical and cultural complexes and objects, protected areas;
zones of specially protected natural territories, including districts of sanitary (mountain and sanitary) protection;
sanitary, protective and sanitary protection zones;
water protection zones and coastal protective strips;
zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources;
mineral deposits;
territories exposed to natural and man-made emergencies;
zones of emergency ecological situations and ecological disasters;
zones with extreme natural and climatic conditions;
other zones established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The purpose of allocating such zones is to determine the type of use of territories and, thereby, to establish restrictions on their use for urban development. In these cases, the restrictions relate primarily to urban development, which naturally affects the mode of land use. The establishment of such zones is not zoning provided for by the legislation on urban planning. The task of the regime in such zones is to limit the rights of persons using land plots for the purposes provided for by law.
Article 35. Types and composition of territorial zones
1. As a result of urban planning zoning, residential, public and business, industrial zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructures, zones of agricultural use, zones of recreational purposes, zones of specially protected territories, zones of special purpose, zones of deployment of military facilities and other types of territorial zones may be determined.
2. Residential areas may include:
1) building zones with individual residential buildings;
2) development zones with low-rise residential buildings;
3) development zones with mid-rise residential buildings;
4) development zones with multi-storey residential buildings;
5) residential development zones of other types.
3. In residential areas, it is allowed to place free-standing, built-in or attached objects of social and domestic purposes, healthcare facilities, objects of preschool, primary general and secondary (complete) general education, places of worship, parking lots, garages, objects related to habitation of citizens and not having a negative impact on the environment. Residential areas may also include areas intended for gardening and dacha farming.
4. As part of public and business zones may include:
1) business, public and commercial areas;
2) zones of placement of objects of social and municipal purposes;
3) service areas of facilities necessary for the implementation of production and entrepreneurial activities;
4) public and business zones of other types.
5. Public and business zones are intended to accommodate healthcare facilities, culture, trade, public catering, social and domestic purposes, business activities, secondary vocational and higher vocational education facilities, administrative, research institutions, places of worship, car parking , objects of business, financial purposes, other objects related to ensuring the life of citizens.
7. Into the composition of production zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructure may include:
1) communal zones - zones for the placement of communal and storage facilities, housing and communal facilities, transport facilities, wholesale trade facilities;
2) production zones - zones of location of production facilities with different environmental impact standards;
3) other types of production, engineering and transport infrastructures.
