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Reconstruction of the area near the Belorussky railway station began in 2008 - it was planned to build a multi-storey car park for $ 300 million, complete with a shopping mall. center Layout of the 2006 reconstruction optionPhoto from wikimapia.org.. In 2011, when it became clear that this would most likely paralyze traffic both on and around Tverskaya, the project was stopped. As a result, on the site of the former square, on the areas cleared for construction, they arranged a ground parking - they literally froze the object for six years. This year, after reconstruction, the monument to Gorky, who spent twelve years in exile in Muzeon Park, will return to Tverskaya Zastava. In fact, the redevelopment of the square looks like a correction of the ten-year-old urban planning policy, under which they wanted to shove a shopping center to each city station.
Artem Bozhenov
Programmer, lives on 3rd Tverskaya-Yamskaya
“They threatened to reconstruct the square fifteen years ago as part of the project. Even then it became clear that in this case the pedestrian connection between Tverskaya and Leningradsky Prospekt would be completely disrupted and the overpass would cease to be pedestrian. Then there was the time of automobile construction in the city center, and everyone treated it as an inevitable evil of life in the center of the metropolis.
Then a new project with a multi-level decoupling was presented. It was obvious that it would really unleash some traffic, but traffic from Leningradka would still run into traffic lights on Pushkinskaya Square, blocking the exits. And the interchange will eventually work approximately in the current mode - that is, the cars will stand rather than drive. At the same time, the area again fell out of pedestrian use, remaining a wide multi-level standing traffic jam. Luckily, that project was also cancelled."
How Tverskaya Zastava has changed over the past 20 years
The monument to Gorky was created by the Soviet monumental sculptor Ivan Shadr in 1939. Vera Mukhina graduated from it in 1951, and it was installed on the square near the Belorussky railway station. A year later, for this work, the team of authors received the Stalin Prize - 100,000 rubles. In this photo from the 1980s, Gorky is standing in his place - in a public garden, which is planned to be restored in 2017
© Valeria Zufarova / ITAR-TASS
1 of 5On the left - a square with a monument, near the bridge there is also a certain amount of greenery, which took on a dusty blow from the beginning of Leningradka. There is a pedestrian crossing from the station to the bridge. This is what Tverskaya Zastava looked like in 1989
© Vasily Egorov / ITAR-TASS
2 out of 52005, Gorky moves to Muzeon, which before Kapkov was a cemetery of Soviet monuments. Newspapers state sadly that there will be no more meetings "near Gorky". As a result of improper dismantling - the workers removed it from the pedestal at random - and two years of lying in the Muzeon, the sculpture was badly damaged. There is a crack on the left
© Yuri Mashkov / ITAR-TASS
3 out of 5Ruined Tverskaya in 2008. The construction investor is Tverskaya Zastava Parking Lot, the total investment is about $300 million. Responsible for the project are State Unitary Enterprise Mosinzhproekt and workshop No. 19 of Mosproekt-2 under the leadership of Alexander Asadov
© Tatyana Gritsaeva / ITAR-TASS
4 out of 5In 2011, construction was officially stopped. In the picture of 2012 - incompletely buried fenced areas remain on the territory
© Sergey Uzakov / ITAR-TASS
5 out of 5The key problem of the square is that it is not perceived as an urban space. This is a transport hub with countless traffic lights and eternal traffic jams. And if on the side of Lesnaya Street with its office buildings, restaurants and the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker inscribed in them, one still feels some proportionate scale, then on the side of the Belorussky railway station, pedestrians feel superfluous. Their task is to cross the square, get out of Tverskaya as soon as possible.
The West 8 bureau of Adrian Gese, a Dutch architect who has been successfully working in Russia for several years, was entrusted with solving this problem. West 8 is famous for its sustainable urban design: to scatter as much greenery as possible instead of parking lots seems to be their key idea. Turning a closed industrial facility into a park - they have already done this at St. Petersburg. In Moscow, Geze returned the trees - from the Boulevard Ring to Red Square. But he is not in a hurry to comment on the results yet - he suggests waiting for the moment when they turn green.
What will happen on the square near the Belorussky railway station
New transition
There will be eight new crossings in total: three from Tverskaya Zastava to 2nd Brestskaya, three from Tverskaya Zastava to 1st Brestskaya and two on the Tverskaya Zastava square itself.
5 lanes
By optimizing the width of the strips, there will now be five of them in the direction of the region. To the center - still four
new park
On the site of the protracted construction there will be a full-fledged park with a pavilion for the future cafe
Square
The square around the monument to Gorky will return to its place
Car U-turn
Cars coming from 1st Tverskaya-Yamskaya will also be able to turn here - to the left, counterclockwise
Halved car park
Now half of the parking lot is empty even during business hours and weekends. After the reconstruction, only 108 seats will remain - next to the entrance to the Belorussky railway station
Bus U-turn
A dedicated lane 50 meters long between 1st Brestskaya and 1st Tverskaya-Yamskaya will be equipped for bus reversals. Before that, there was a U-turn near Leningradka
Highlighted transitions
Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker near Tverskaya Zastava
An Old Believer church, which began to be built in 1914 and completed after the Revolution - in 1921. It turned out to be the same antithesis to the office buildings of ABD architects as the Church of Simeon the Stylite to Posokhinskiy Novy Arbat
New Tverskaya Zastava in numbers
27,000 sqm tiles
11,000 sqm of lawns
111 parking places
79 trees
43 benches
6 tram and trolleybus stops
5 lanes to the area and still 4 to the center
1 monument to Gorky
After the reconstruction - that is, by the Day of the City - a square with lawns and a monument to Gorky will appear on the square. On the site of a wasteland at the intersection of Butyrsky Val and 1st Tverskaya-Yamskaya, a park with lime trees and a pavilion for a cafe will be arranged - it will connect White Square with the Belorussky railway station in a convenient walking route. Sidewalks, you guessed it, will be expanded, and granite tiles will be laid instead of asphalt. The square with the monument will be surrounded by tram tracks of the route, which used to reach the middle of Lesnaya Street and turn around, - now it will be stretched to the Belorussky railway station. In the passages under the Tversky overpass bridge, LED panels will be installed and tiles will be laid so that you can enter there without gloomy thoughts.
All this is happening under the auspices of rethinking the railway station areas. As Strelka Design Bureau, which oversees the architectural concepts of My Street, notes, these squares “... cease to be transit areas and become meaningful - with convenient transport functionality, landscaping and cultural heritage objects” (talking about Gorky). At Tverskaya Zastava, the design followed the work of the Traffic Management Center - they modeled traffic and pedestrian flows, and on this basis they already drew greenery with benches.
At the same time, the not entirely obvious extension of tram routes No. 7 and 19 from three stations to Belorussky was invested in the transport concept of the project - this distance can be traveled faster by metro. In Deptrans, that this will lead to an increase in their popularity - by 10-15 thousand passengers per day. You can see obvious compromises in the project - attempts to please everyone: cars (half of the area is given over to parking), public transport, and pedestrians. They only forgot about - bicycle infrastructure is not visible in the project.
Flirtatious red light from LED panels instead of gloom, reminiscent of the movie "Irreversible"
© Arrow
1 of 2The sidewalks at the exits will be widened by almost five meters. Previously, the width of the carriageway was 14.7 meters, now it will be 10. At the same time, all three lanes will remain
© Arrow
2 of 2What experts and locals say
Egor Muleev
Research Fellow, Institute of Transport Economics and Transport Policy, National Research University Higher School of Economics
“They wanted to make a road junction on this square - it's great that the locals managed to fight off this crazy project. The trend towards the return of the tram cannot but rejoice, but there are doubts that it will be in demand. In fact, it will be possible to leave only in the direction of the Novoslobodskaya metro station, MIIT, to the Dostoevskaya metro station. It seems to me that the potential of the tram is not fully realized on this section. However, if Deptrans has plans to develop the network, for example, in the direction of Ulitsa 1905 Goda, then along with increased price pressure on motorists, one can cautiously assume an increase in the popularity of the tram in the future.
Analyzing this project, I put myself in the passenger's shoes. It turns out that in order to get to the stop from the station, I need to bypass the parking lot and stand at several traffic lights. Such a decision is reminiscent of Vnukovo and Domodedovo airports, where in a similar way with suitcases you need to squeeze between cars and barriers, and only then does it become possible to use the bus. Uncomfortable. Well, obviously, car loading will continue, despite the new organization of traffic. During peak hours, the entire neighborhood will still stand still. The only way out in this case is to drive less cars.”
Pavel Yablokov
Senior editor of the online publication TR.ru | Transport in Russia»
“There is no Tverskaya Zastava for a long time, it is just a memorable beautiful name. Why return it if it is not planned to recreate two obelisks 
Obelisks and Arc de TriomphePhoto taken during the coronation celebrations in 1896.? Functionally, the square was precisely called in the Soviet years - the square of the Belarusian Railway Station. It is the station that is the main dominant of the square - both architectural and functional. And it seems to me that in order to make the space around the square bipolar, the transport filling of the Miussky depot, aka the Trolleybus Park named after. Shchepetilnikov. However, this year it was given to a long-term lease for "non-transport needs." A great place for creating a museum of urban transport, half a kilometer from the Belorussky railway station, has been lost.
It is right that the project has found a lot of space for pedestrians - ground crossings over Tverskaya, new public transport stops. Now they are thrown in all directions from the square - this is unacceptable. The planned return of trams is also important for enlargement of the interchange hub. However, in parallel on the neighboring 1st Tverskaya-Yamskaya and Lesnaya, the removal of public transport infrastructure - trolleybuses - continues. But environmentally friendly transport on Tverskaya Zastava could be represented not only by one dead-end tram line. In addition, we must remember that the history of the trolleybus in the city began just from the line from the Belorussky railway station to the Sokol. Until recently, Moscow was the trolleybus capital of the world. Returning Moscow to Muscovites and at the same time re-profiling what worked in one area for almost a century and a half is strange.”
Many who have been to Moscow were on the square of the Belorussky railway station, the place is very interesting, in one direction - st. Tverskaya, with Triumfalnaya Square and a monument to Mayakovsky on it, on the other side of Leningradsky Prospekt, there are many different interesting architectural monuments around. Most of them have deservedly become "the visiting card of Moscow".
For example: Belorussky railway station itself:
And it would seem, what else is needed for complete happiness. Here it is history, here they are the remains of monuments. Live and enjoy.
The main thing is to believe what is written in the official history, and rejoice. But we are taught. Trust but verify. Let's take a look at what is photographed and written there. Rightly in the first place is this photo:
sibved : What are the structures on the towers on the left and at the tower near the bell tower on the right in the photo? What is the functionality?
It is probably the earliest of all. There are no cars yet, carts carry passengers and "goods". On the site of the future Slava Second Watch Factory, the Temple is still built, although it is possible that they are almost the same age with another photo:
The dates indicated on the resource under the photographs may well be erroneous or deliberately distorted. Of course, not by the Author himself, but by those who "dated" them.
Here is the description of the "Square" from the specified Resource:
“The square itself appeared during the construction of the outpost of the Kamer-Kollezhsky shaft in 1742. In fact, it was the legal border of Moscow, where goods imported into the capital were subject to duties. Chamber College is the old name of the tax authority. She then at that time determined the customs border of the city.
Later, the customs functions of the ramparts were abolished and ordinary passport control was introduced.
In 1814, in honor of the victory over the French troops in the Patriotic War of 1812, a wooden Arc de Triomphe was erected.
In 1837, the architect Beauvais built the New Triumphal Gates on the square and the square was renamed the New Triumphal Gates Square, which stood there until 1936.
In 1870, the Smolensky railway station (now Belorussky) was opened. And already in 1899, the first electric tram line appeared. Later, a tram circle was completed on the square.
So far so good, no issues. Read the last paragraph again. Please note that in 1899 a tram appeared. In one of the photos we see him confirmation. True, the tram trailer is pulled by a horse, although there are already electricity wires above the tram tracks. On the other, there are some poles in the middle of the Overpass, but it is not very clear whether they are "tram" or not. Possibly lighting. By the way, look at the Width of the ancient "Leningradka" - nothing more than the current one. The first photo is very important - it reflects the Overpass. We recall the date of launch of the tram - 1899. Everything seems to be fine for now. The square itself and even the arch on it look very organic. The tram is running, its roundabout is organized. And a little earlier, in 1870, the Station was built, railway rails were laid under the Overpass, but trains must drive to the station and back without interference? I think that the time in which the Station was built should coincide with the time when the square was built, perhaps even the Triumphal Arch on it and, of course, its integral part, the Tver Overpass. (By the way, it used to be called the "Brest Viaduct").
Here's how it looks today: View towards the "Center":
View from the Station:
Arches for railway tracks:
And now the most important photo, for the sake of which I started all this:
Look closely at the sign: Built in 1904.
And here is the official version of the construction of the "Overpass":
The history of the Tver overpass.
“The need for the construction of the Tver overpass appeared as early as 1870, when a connecting branch was launched between the Alexandrovskaya (Smolensk direction) and Nikolaevskaya (St. Petersburg) railways. At the same time, the first Brest railway station (now Belorussky) was built. At first, the Petersburg Highway crossed this connecting branch through a barrier, which created considerable transport difficulties. They were not used to trains then, steam locomotives frightened both horses and people. Therefore, in 1904, the architect Ivan Ivanovich Strukov, simultaneously with the construction of the new Brest railway station, began the construction of a large bridge - the Tverskoy overpass, the main purpose of which was to separate the movement of trains and traffic flows of the Petersburg Highway at different levels. Strukov decides to give the Tver overpass a beautiful romantic image, as happened in those years in Europe. As a basis, he took the buildings of O. Ritt for the Berlin and O. Wagner for the Vienna railway. The Tver overpass was conceived in the form of a sea pier, decorated with lighthouse towers. The bottom is completely lined with dark red granite. He was opposed to a light, openwork, light top, decorated with forged fences and lanterns. The top of the bridge is made of concrete, plastered with marble sand. The Tver overpass took eight years to build. And he immediately took root and even became a visiting card at the entrance to the city center. The bridge perfectly blended into the surrounding buildings, and its decorative turrets echoed the symmetrical buildings of the guards, forming a single ensemble with the Triumphal Gate. The area of the Belorussky railway station after the construction of the Tverskoy overpass became at that time one of the most beautiful in Moscow”
Those. according to the Olympic Games, in 1870, the Station was built, and after 30 years, it became necessary to rebuild it. From 1903 to 1912, a new station was built, and with it a new overpass. Despite the fact that photography existed in Russia long before 1900, it never occurred to anyone to photograph the fact of the construction of the Station. Only artists worked with "cameras":
This is how the Square allegedly looked in the 18th century. Moscow - "Big Village" ....
I don’t know about you, but I personally don’t really like the official version. That is, everything seems to converge in it (If we consider that the trams at first went “without an overpass”, and then everything had to be rebuilt a bit), and if we take into account that there is nothing “Antique” in the architecture of the Belorussky railway station. And a huge hipped roof could easily be built, and that there is nothing unusual in the granite blocks that make up the Overpass. Especially in the geometry of the blocks of "Retaining" columns. And the fact that the Arc de Triomphe stood in its place long before the construction of these two "Beauties", and that the Station was attached to the square later, and they passed the railway tracks through the barrier, constantly scaring the horses with steam locomotives. And the fact that the Overpass was built only 30 years after the station….
But only here are other facts of Moscow architecture, they say that not everything is so simple in the buildings of Moscow. And the fact that the city, which was practically “destroyed” (according to the OI) by a terrible fire of 1812, literally in a few decades, survived the terrible war of 1812, the Crimean War, (Two terrible lean years “Without SUMMER” - in 1815-1816), managed to build THOUSANDS of the most beautiful miraculous MEGA structures, having neither construction cranes nor technology. … But that's a completely different story.
And here is what the building looks like from the other side of the Square:
The same building, entrance from the side of the Square. Of course - the entrance to the "Ground Floor",
Of course, then everything was built that way. And the windows in the basement must also be mandatory, what kind of basement is this, without an entrance and without full-fledged windows. It was only at the end of the 19th century that they thought of building the first floor on the "ground floor". And at least a half-meter socle-foundation above the ground to build. And before that, they were always buried in the ground. I think, following the Architecture of St. Petersburg, it is time to take a closer look at the architecture of Moscow.
The same house, on the corner of the Square and 1st Brestskaya street. Lovely basement with windows.
By the way, on the same topic: “For some reason”, recently, a decision was already made to reconstruct the Belorussky Station Square, “BY REPLACING THE TVER VIA CONTROL”, with a more modern one. The modern architects of Moscow cannot in any way fit this “antediluvian”, ancient structure into modern requirements. And they do not want to take into account any indignation of citizens. It needs to be demolished and that's it. I don’t know about you, but I think that it’s not a matter of “transport necessity”. It’s just that someone doesn’t like it very much, this is clearly not fitting into the canons of official history, the most beautiful architectural structure. And so that there were no unnecessary questions, we decided to simply dismantle it. No Structure, no questions, no problems.
Good luck and mind.
***
sibved : From myself I will add that the technique of building bridges, overpasses in those days was widespread. This is clearly seen in the tunnels and bridges of the Circum-Baikal Railway. There, the volume of the selected stone and the stacked blocks is comparable to the construction of the pyramids of Giza.
I don't see a single stacked pile/pallet of finished blocks. After all, something must remain even if the object is finished.
And even here, where work is just beginning on the installation of block bridge supports. But if you look closely, a box is visible on the scaffolding, commensurate with the blocks, like formwork. But, neither the blanks of stone masses, nor the finished stone blocks themselves are visible.
Photos
And whether it was a completely natural stone - I have doubts. Take a look at these photos of the construction of the Trans-Siberian:
Maybe it's cast blocks?
By Saturday, the builders had handed over the bulk of the work at the Belorussky railway station. The monument to Gorky was returned to the square, the traffic was channeled and a hub with a tram was launched. Ahead is landscaping, furniture installation, stops and navigation. Let me remind you that there used to be an asphalt field here. Let's compare what was done with the already historic snapshots from this spring.
It was
The history of the square for the last 20-30 years begins with a miracle - they wanted to turn it into a concrete monster, but they did not. Until recently, a number of urban planners have been working here, selling and parking. Fortunately, the crisis and complex underground communications prevented from spoiling the appearance of the square and paralyzing the city center. As a result, a traffic organization was developed with the separation of flows from parking in blocks and at least some kind of traffic logic: 
Across Tverskaya, on Lesnaya Street, there was a stub of a push-and-pull tram line. The former roundabout was built up with a business center, so the tram was a kind of appendix with poor coordination with other modes of transport. It was a long walk from the tram stop to the metro, buses and the station itself: 
It became
Not quite relevant, but giving an idea of the scheme of the new area: 
Public space in the center. They did not have time to install street furniture, and the trees will be planted in late autumn so that they take root as much as possible: 
Gorky was returned from Muzeon, where he was removed from the square in the 2000s. Historical justice in action: 
The original lanterns of the overpass across the railway were also restored. This is crazy cool: 
History is silent when and where exactly they disappeared, but in recent years the supports have stood bare. Before, I didn’t even know that there were once lanterns here ... 
A reversal ring was made around Gorky, which made it possible to launch normal rolling stock. It was customary to remove the tram sludge from the project - so the second track disappeared. The decision is strange, because now tram drivers cannot rest between flights or use the second track to comply with the schedule and emergencies: 
Now there are main tram routes. The area made it possible to pull the tram to the metro, train station and other stops - transfers became closer and more convenient: 
Existing routes have been changed and intervals reduced. Hooks on route 9 were made due to infrastructural limitations of the network, but students will be able to get directly to electric trains and three metro stations. 
Tverskaya trams pass through the previously existing automobile phase. Since it is customary for us to extend outbound highways and create traffic jams from scratch, trams stop for several minutes at only one intersection, along with cars. This is not the case - you need to break the phases and change modes more often. 
Lesnaya Street will be reconstructed next year, but already today there is a separation with markings: 
I drove to the square from Sokolniki on a day off in about half an hour. The same amount I would ride the subway (-+5 minutes). I didn’t test it on a weekday, but on Saturday all the seats were occupied: 
New view of the station: 
Tram platform. The fence is individual and frankly scary. Although the typical structures that are massively installed around the city are even worse. 
Severe and merciless industrial design. There is enough creativity for the teeth of the Kremlin and coats of arms, although an ordinary chrome fence would look much better. In general, this is a nationwide problem of urban design - terrible things that should not attract attention in principle, they are trying to artificially improve and emphasize their wretchedness. So there were colored curbs, fences and all sorts of bright tires. 
Gorky and George: 
The paths were laid out with standard concrete tiles. Combination of granite and concrete: 
It looks disgusting, but it highlights the dimensions of the tram. If it were not for the limited time, then it would be best to fill in the paths. 
So far, only tram routes have been changed, and buses run along the old routes. There are not even pavilions on the square itself yet - only groundwork has been left for them in the form of electricity output and places for supports. 
According to the new scheme, the routes that today unfold under the bridge will turn around at the metro, tram and station. That is, transfers will become much closer for passengers of express trains and trunk routes. For A12 and T18 traveling from Gruzinsky Val to Butyrsky, the stop will return to the station. T56 and T78, which now run to the Belorussky railway station with stops a kilometer from the station, will also have stops right on the square. 
Streams for cars are canalized - drivers do not get into the asphalt field, where everyone drives according to the laws of the jungle. Due to sidewalks and islands of safety, the physical trajectory is read in seconds, and does not terrify the driver. 
The movement has become clearer and more logical with the preservation of all turns and lanes. Although it may seem to many that there is less space - before the boundaries of the asphalt were not visible, but now they are. 
There was supposed to be a ground crossing through Tverskaya along the tram-car phase. There are exits, but there is no transition - what the hell? Is it someone? I'm not talking about cycling at all. 
Taxi arrivals: 
City paid parking: 
Directly at the station, the drainage system was hidden under the slabs. Small gaps were left for water: 
The technology is not new and has been used in the world for a long time, but in Moscow I have only seen this before. Given the timing and building culture, a lot of marriage: 
The gaps and different levels of the plates are well felt even with a thick sole. So we are waiting for the work on the bugs. 
So what?
A new hub has appeared in Moscow. After the installation of pavilions and the launch of Highway 2.0, it should become much more convenient for people to use public transport. At the same time, this will primarily affect bus passengers, not trams. Wangyu passenger traffic growth.
The very fact of the appearance of a tram in the center speaks volumes. The Moscow tram is more and more quickly saying goodbye to the image of an uncomfortable bucket of nuts in favor of modern and comfortable transport of the 21st century. I am sure that in the future a branch will be stretched from the new ring to Sokol and the tram will return to traffic along Leningradsky Prospekt, from where it was barbarously removed for the sake of a couple of lanes and killing the area.
Gorky and the new square well complemented the image of the Tverskaya Zastava. With trees, this will become a good public area in the city center. With a large number of establishments around, it would be cool to make outdoor verandas to humanize the space - locals and employees will certainly appreciate this.
For readers from the regions, I want to note that the project is cool primarily due to planning and zoning. Expensive granite can be replaced with asphalt or concrete tiles, creating similar hubs in cities with a small budget.
The square near the Belorussky railway station is one of the most interesting historical places in Moscow. Changed beyond recognition over the past centuries, it still keeps the memory of the past of the capital.
Moscow layout: cities and ramparts
Moscow, founded in 1147 by Yuri Dolgoruky, is one of the oldest centers of Russia. It has a radial-annular or concentric layout. In the center is the Kremlin - an ancient Russian fortress with defensive towers. According to ancient Russian traditions, no one settled on the territory of the fortress. There was only a garrison guarding the fortress.
Residents built their houses near the fortress walls. These houses made up a settlement, which over time was fenced with a fortress wall or rampart. Posad grew and gradually went beyond the annular shaft. The newly rebuilt part of the city was again protected by an annular rampart or fortress walls.
So, initially Moscow had a defense system of 4 fortress "rings". After the fortress wall of the Earthen City burned down, the inhabitants poured an earthen rampart in its place, which performed the same function. In 1742, at the initiative of the College of Chambers, which was in charge of the revenues of the Russian Empire, the Chamber-College Wall was built. Ramparts were called circular earth embankments with ditches and outposts (guard posts), which defined the boundaries of the city or its parts.
The Kamer-kollezhsky shaft was built to replace the fortification erected by the merchant company that sold vodka - Kompaneysky shaft. The company wall blocked the way for smuggling vodka into the city. She quickly fell into disrepair and was dismantled. And the newly rebuilt Kamer-kollezhsky shaft did not make it possible to transport a large number of various goods duty-free to Moscow. 37 outposts were built along the rampart.
Tverskaya Zastava in Moscow: the formation of the square
Tverskaya Zastava square formed in front of Belorussky railway station .Railway tracks connected Moscow with many European cities.
This square appeared in the 18th century, when the Tverskaya outpost of the Kamer-Kollezhsky shaft was being built. The road to Tver passed through the shaft, which became very popular in the 18th century. A large number of goods were transported along the route, which required the settlement of customs relations between merchants and Moscow. It was decided to build a Tver outpost on the Kamer-Kollezhsky shaft. When regional duties were abolished, the outpost was used by the city's police to control migration. Near the Tverskaya Zastava, from the side of the capital, there was the Yamskaya Sloboda, and from the outside - villages.
In 1864, the border of Moscow along Kollezhsky Val was officially defined, the Moscow territories were transferred to the management of the Moscow district administration and the Duma, and the lands beyond the outpost to the zemstvo.
Triumphal Gates of Tverskaya Zastava
There is information in publications that in 1812 Napoleon Bonaparte escaped from burning Moscow through the Tverskaya Zastava. Two years later, it was decided to restore the burnt-out wooden Triumphal Gates on the square near the outpost, built under Peter I, but Alexander I imposed a ban on construction. Only twenty years later, by decree of Nicholas I, a gate was erected here, already made of stone. They became a monument to the victory in the war with Napoleon. The arch was designed by the famous architect Osip Bove.
Preserving in its appearance the traditions of the ancient Roman era, the building was made in accordance with all the canons of classical ancient architecture. The triumphal arch was made of white stone quarried in the hills near Krylatskoye and cast iron used for the columns. Decorated with a chariot of Glory drawn by six horses, high reliefs and sculptures designed by sculptors Ivan Vitali and Ivan Timofeev. Relief images - a woman warrior killing a dragon with a spear, a battle near the walls of the Kremlin, sculptural images of Roman soldiers in tunics - symbolize the power of Russian weapons, courage and courage, the patriotism of the Russian people.
Among the high reliefs there is also an image of Emperor Alexander I, presented in the guise of a Roman emperor, which caused displeasure of the Russian church, headed by Metropolitan Philaret.
In connection with the installation of the gate, the square changed its name to Starotriumphalnaya, and received a second name - "Square of the New Triumphal Gates".
Tverskaya Zastava Square: prospects
Recently, according to the decision taken by the mayor of the city and the project of Moscomexpertiza, due to the fact that the square near the Belorussky railway station is an important transport hub of the capital, trams will be laid here. Before, until 2008, trams ran along the square from Lesnaya Street to the station, but were dismantled . It was decided to keep the historical route. In addition, in the perspective of the reconstruction of the Tverskaya Zastava, it is planned to restore the square in accordance with its former appearance.
One of the important points of the reconstruction project is a large-scale landscaping of the area: planting a large number of trees, laying out lawns. As well as the modernization of its lighting system. It is also planned to return to the square the monument to the writer Alexei Maksimovich Gorky, dismantled in 2005 in connection with the reconstruction work on the square.
