Sometimes it is quite difficult to understand a conversation between two gamers, since the slang contains a huge number of incomprehensible words.

On this page you can find the most common gaming words and their brief definitions. To quickly navigate through the dictionary and find the desired word, you can use the general search on the site.

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A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Agro (short for English aggression - hostility)- a characteristic of enemies in games that determines who they will attack. In MMOs, for example, when many players hit a monster, they increase its aggro. Whichever player generates the most aggro is the one the monster hits.

Agronub- a player who longs for reprisals against other players in PvP, but at the same time can do little due to the lack of familiarity with the mechanics of the project. An Agronub is born when an ordinary noob begins to think that he is a GM (not to be confused with crayfish: every Agronub is a cancer, but not every crayfish is an Agronub).

Hell– 1) English add (add) – an enemy joining the battle. When a lonely boss calls for help out of nowhere, they are called hell; 2) hell itself - a place where sinners are boiled in cauldrons. In the gaming industry, it is often used as a name for difficulty level.

Add-on, add-on, add-on– additional material for a specific game. Typically, an add-on includes new levels, modes, weapons, skills, skins for heroes, continuation of the plot, etc. In most cases, installing an add-on requires having the original game, although sometimes developers release add-ons as stand-alone products. For some time after the game's release, the developers maintain the gaming community's interest in it by releasing add-ons. Usually an addon costs significantly less than the game itself.

Account, account– a special entry in the database that correlates a real person with the virtual property that belongs to him - characters, equipment, subscriptions to additional services, etc.

Alpha tester– a user taking part in alpha testing of the game.

Alpha testing, alpha test– one of the first stages of testing the game, at which a large number of errors are caught. At this stage, a relatively small number of people are involved, and in most cases these are special employees, or the developers themselves. After alpha testing is complete, developers work to fix all bugs found by alpha test participants. After making changes, the project moves to the stage of beta testing or repeated alpha testing.

Anon- An anonymous member of the gaming community.

Antag (English untag - unmarked)– in an MMO, a character without a clan sign.

Antagonist- usually this is one of the main plot characters in the game, who is actively fighting with the main character - the protagonist. Often the antagonist is the game's main villain, although this is not always the case.

Up, Up, AP– 1) Up (up) – the character moves to a new level. To fall down - to survive a level increase; 2) AP (short for attribute points) – points that are spent on improving the character’s characteristics; 3) AP (short for action points) – action points in turn-based games; 4) AP (short for arena point) – points awarded for victory in the arena (in MMOs); 5) AP (short for attack/ability power) – attack/ability power.

Art (eng. art - art)- an image created by artists in the early stages of game project developers. This is usually a conceptual look at the game world and the characters that inhabit it, which may change significantly towards the final game. Art also includes artwork created based on a finished game (most often this is fan art).

AFK (eng. Away From Keyboard, AFK)– an abbreviation often used in chat. Literally translated as “left the keyboard” and means that the user will be away from the computer for a while.

Achievement (eng. achievement - achievement)– a reward for fulfilling a certain condition in the game. In most projects, achievements are given both for completing certain stages of the storyline and performing special actions - for example, finding all the hidden treasures, or killing several opponents with one shot.
Achievements serve to compare the skill of players and raise interest in the game - all modern gaming services provide the opportunity to compare your achievements with the achievements of friends.

Bug, glitch (English bug - beetle)– an error in the operation of the game or any other program. A bug can be either completely harmless and does not interfere with the gameplay, or completely make passing the game impossible. Glitches can occur either due to an error in writing the code or due to incompatibility of the hardware or installed software with the program or game being used.

Ban (English ban - prohibit)– one of the methods of punishing users for violating established rules. Typically, a ban is issued by the game administrator for rude communication with other users, bot breeding, intentional use of bugs or hacks, unauthorized purchase of in-game goods or currency for real money, as well as other serious violations. A ban can be permanent or temporary, and a ban does not always completely block an account - sometimes it simply imposes restrictions on the use of certain services.

Buffing, buff (English buffing)– imposing characteristics on the game character, which can be both positive and negative.
Positive buffs are often used before significant battles to increase the group's combat capabilities. Sometimes in MMO projects they buff other users to express their sympathy.
During organized combat in MMO projects, one or more squad members are usually responsible for buffing the group. This allows the group to fight more effectively even during long battles. A person who can apply buffs is called a buffer.

BB (abbreviated English: Bye Bye - bye [farewell])– saying goodbye to your interlocutor in any network game.

Beta tester– a user taking part in beta testing of the game.

Beta testing, beta testing– the stage of game development, at which the project is almost ready, but additional bug catching is required before sales or commercial launch begins. During the beta test, developers try to attract a large number of users who will be able to recreate as many game situations as possible.
Beta testing is carried out by the developers themselves, or ordinary gamers are involved, who are ready to report bugs found during the testing process. A beta test can take place in several stages, after which the game is allowed to be sold or commercially launched.

Bizha– abbr. from "costume jewelry". Bracelets, rings, earrings, etc.

Build (English build - style)– customizing the character’s characteristics to suit a certain style of play, or to achieve a certain goal. Because Since a character's characteristics are often influenced by the things he wears, a certain set of things that serve certain purposes is also called a build.

Bind (eng. bind - bind)– 1) Assigning a number key to a group of troops, items or skills in strategies and RPGs, after which they can be accessed by pressing this key. “Bind” – assign a key to a group, skill or ability, item, etc.; 2) Selecting a location to which the character is attached, with the ability to quickly return to it; 3) Linking an item to a player, after which it cannot be sold for money or given to another user.

Bum– a player who does not belong to any alliance or clan. Typically used in multiplayer games where it is possible to wage clan wars.

Boss- a very strong opponent, usually encountered by the hero after completing a level or at the very end of the storyline. Usually, defeating a boss requires a lot of effort and finding its weaknesses, although lately the latter has not been so common in modern, more casual projects. Often, defeating a boss requires completing one or more QTE sequences. If, as you progress through the game, you encounter several bosses, then each next one, as a rule, becomes stronger than the previous one.

Bot– a special program that controls the actions of the game character. Bots can be divided into two types: 1) a bot that acts as an opponent in a network game, on which you can train without the presence of real opponents; 2) a program that simulates the actions of a real player, used to automate the processes of pumping and farming. Such bots are prohibited in almost all multiplayer games.

Boost (eng. boost - increase)- a phenomenon in which any characteristics increase. Using a boost in races, a damage buff, or using a potion of strength are all examples of boosts. Something that can produce these kinds of effects is called a booster.

Railway carriage- a low-level character who teams up with a high-level character and gains experience from killings without doing anything. Used for overleveling.

Wipe (eng. wipe - destroy)– 1) a fatal set of circumstances in an MMO, in which the entire group is sent to the cemetery in the status of the dead; 2) chat spam in order to hide an unwanted message outside its frame (each new message moves the target of the wipe one line, and with repeated repetition it is completely hidden from view).

One shot (English: one shot)– death from one blow/shot/skill.

Var, Holivar (English war - war, holy - holy)– the term has wide application: a battle between clans and clans, a battle between teams in MOBA or opponents in multiplayer, the main condition being the duration. Be it a long game, or its reflection in real life: the eternal confrontation between two players or other parties. More often than not, the activity is more than useless.

Warlock (English warlock - warlock)- in RPG games, a character who specializes in dark sorcery.

Wartag (eng. war tag - war mark)– a member of the opposing guild. In MMOs, tagging takes place directly: guild members tag hated rivals.

Video review– a review of the game, made in the form of a short video. In it, the author talks about the main features of the project, and the video sequence at this time demonstrates the gameplay. In well-made video reviews, the gameplay shown will most of the time demonstrate what the announcer is talking about.

Virtual reality, VR (English virtual reality, VR)– a fictional world created by technical and software systems. A person’s perception of this world occurs through various human sensations: vision, hearing, smell, touch and others. Virtual reality simulates both exposure and reactions to exposure. To create a convincing set of sensations of reality, computer synthesis of the properties and reactions of virtual reality is carried out in real time.
To achieve greater realism, when creating virtual reality, the goal is often to recreate as many laws of material reality as possible. At the same time, in games for entertainment purposes, users of virtual worlds are allowed more than is possible in real life (for example: fly, create any objects, etc.).
At the same time, one should not confuse virtual reality with augmented reality, because the goal of virtual reality is to create a new world, and augmented reality is only to introduce new objects into an existing one.

Age rating– legal age restrictions for various works of mass culture and games, among others. This restriction is intended to limit the impact on the not yet fully formed consciousness of a minor. Different regions have their own content rating systems.

take out, take out, pick up- to liquidate something. You can take out the opposing team, enemy hero, etc.

Cutting– knocking a player out of some location or zone of the level. Very often, working as a team, players cut out campers. In other words, sawing can be described as knocking out an opponent from a certain location on the map, depriving him of a tactical advantage.

Guide, guide– a game guide that contains tips to help you better master the gameplay. Often the guide includes a step-by-step walkthrough of the game.

Game (English game - play)– play any computer or video game.

Gang, Gank (eng. gang kill - murder by a crowd)- killing an opponent by a crowd. The term is widely used in MOBAs and MMOs.

Garena– a network service designed for online gaming. The service allows you to create a virtual local network between players connected by the global Internet in just a few clicks and does not require additional configuration to start using. Since this service allows you to play many pirated versions of games online, it is very common among younger audiences of gamers.

GG, GG (abbreviated English good game - good game)– 1) a statement of fact in a collective game: the game [game], according to the writer, is good. Nowadays, the abbreviation has practically lost its original meaning, and is used as a synonym for the end of the game [game]; 2) abbr. from G nice G hero, protagonist.

Game over, gamover (eng. game over - game over)– end of the game. In modern games, this phrase usually ends the loss of the game, but previously such an ending meant the general end of the game, regardless of whether the gamer won or not.

Gamer (English gamer - player)- a person who plays games. Although the term includes people who do not consider themselves full-fledged gamers, they are often used to describe those who spend a lot of time playing or are interested in gaming.

Gameplay– the gameplay of a computer game from the player’s point of view. The concept of gameplay is very general and usually expresses the experience of the gameplay, which is influenced by various factors such as story, sound and graphics. Thus, one and the same set of gameplay factors can lead to different, sometimes even completely opposite, assessments of it by two different people.

Gimp (eng. gimp - cripple)- a useless character in PvP. Gimps can become victims of improper promotion or purchasing.

GM– 1) abbr. English game master - a respectable title for a regular, a master of a particular game. In domestic realities, players call themselves GMs; 2) abbr. English guild master - owner [founder or manager] of the guild.

Gosu, goser– synonymous with GM or Pope. A very experienced player.

Grenade, crouton (English grenade - grenade)– a commonly used name for grenades in shooters. This term refers to both ordinary grenades and any other explosive devices.

Grind (eng. grind - grind)- gameplay consisting of a tedious action of the same type. Killing an endless number of weak mobs for experience or loot is a classic example of grinding.

Griefer (English: griefer - making one suffer)– a player who enjoys ruining the game for other people.

GFSh, FS, Frishard, Frishka, Frikha, Shard– abbr. from "shit frishard". Free pirate game server. There are no good examples.

Damage (English: damage)– damage, or damage, caused by the hero to other game characters and vice versa. This value has a numerical representation, which is subtracted from the current amount of health of the character who was damaged. Often the amount of damage is affected by the weapon used, the skill and other characteristics of the character's characters, as well as the armor used.

Dungeon (eng. dungeon)- a location limited by a boundary (material, for example, in the form of mountains, or logical in the form of invisible walls) - a cave, dungeon, ruins, etc. Usually the hero goes to a dungeon to perform a specific task - to find something, or kill someone.
In multiplayer games, group dungeons are common, designed to be played in the company of friends. At the same time, the mobs in such locations are much stronger than usual, and at the end of the day the group will face a battle with one or even several bosses.

Engine (English engine - motor, engine)– a complex set of programs designed for creating computer and video games. Modern engines include a lot of modules - rendering, physics, sound, scripts, animation, artificial intelligence, network communication, multi-threaded computing, memory management, etc. All this allows you to significantly reduce the time and resource costs of creating and porting games.
Games of completely different genres and settings can be created on the same engine.

Debuff– any negative impact on a player or mob that does not cause direct damage. Typically, for every stat that can be improved by a buff, there is a debuff that lowers the value of that stat. Typical examples of a debuff include reducing base stats, slowing or stopping a character, blindness, silence, and reducing resistance to a certain type of damage.

Device- device, device, mechanism. The word has both an in-game display (a gravity gun is a device) and an out-of-game display: mice, gamepads, etc. are called devices.

Grandfather- an old-timer and regular at the game. Extremely experienced user.

Demo, demo, demo– a demo version of the game that is distributed free of charge (although there are a few exceptions where the demo version of the game was sold). Demos are released so that a potential user can make sure in advance that they are buying a game of appropriate quality that interests them.
Demo versions are usually limited to a few initial levels that take no more than a couple of hours to complete.

Ding- onomatopoeia of the moment of transition to a new level, which has come to mean this phenomenon.

Disconnect– disconnection from the server.

DLC, DLS (English downloadable content, DLC)– additional downloadable content for games distributed online through various digital distribution services. DLC can be either paid or distributed absolutely free. To install the DLC, you must have the original game.

Donat (eng. donate - donate)– one of the ways for developers to receive money from players. Usually present in “free” projects, where it is possible to play without paying for the game itself. At the same time, it is possible to get some benefits for a relatively small amount of money. Usually, by donating you can upgrade your character faster or get unique items and abilities.
Recently, developers have been trying to maintain a balance between paying and free-playing users - the donation system is being developed in such a way as to reduce the time required for the user to achieve certain results. At the same time, a user who plays absolutely free can achieve the same results, having spent a significant amount of gaming time on it.

Addition (English expansion pack - expansion pack)– additional content for a game. Unlike DLC, it can be distributed not only through digital distribution services, but also on separate discs.
Typically, an add-on includes new levels, weapons, characters, continuation of the plot, etc. Most often, installing an add-on requires the presence of the original game, but there are also stand-alone add-ons released in the form of full-fledged games.

Augmented reality (AR) is a term that describes all projects that seek to supplement the real world with any kind of virtual elements.
Augmented reality in games is achieved using a camera and other additional sensors. The information received is processed and on the screen a person can see the image captured by the camera, supplemented with virtual objects.

DoT (abbreviated as Damage Over Time - damage over time)– damage that is inflicted over a period of time. One enemy can have several DoTs.

DPS (abbreviated English: Damage Per Second - damage per second)– the amount of damage a character can inflict in one second.

Drop (eng. drop - fall, drop)– items that fall from an enemy when you defeat him.

Drul– Druid. Character class in MMO and MOBA games.

Dupe– creating a duplicate of an item or amount of money in the game through the use of mistakes made by the developers.

Close Beta Testing (CBT)– closed beta testing of the game. Individually selected players from all those who apply to participate are accepted into the beta test. Typically, selection criteria include both social parameters and computer characteristics of a potential candidate. This method allows you to recruit the widest range of audiences and test the stability of the game on a large number of different configurations.
You can also participate in closed beta testing by receiving a special code, often called an “invite.” You can often get invites on various game portals with which the game developers have agreed to hold special promotions.

Zerg– 1) a large crowd of people or units. The common form of this word comes from 2) the name of a race in Starcraft.

Zerg rush– blitzkrieg of the game world: a quick attack with a huge number of units.

Event, event, event (English event - event)- a non-standard event for gameplay, expressed in the form of a special competition, a fair of special goods, or the appearance of special mobs in places where they were not previously present. Typically, events are organized by the project administration for holidays or other significant dates, although they can be held by the players themselves - for example, an unofficial tournament or an organized mass attack on enemy positions.

Game studio– a group of people involved in the development and creation of games. Sometimes several studios can be combined to work on a larger project. After the release of the game, the studio continues to work on the project for some time, releasing patches and additions.
Game studios can create projects either under the guidance of a game publisher or completely independently. In the second case, the studios are called independent.

Game world– a world that is embodied in the game thanks to the plot implementation and gameplay. Speaking about the game world, they mean immersing the user in the plot of the project with a presentation of the history of the game world, a description of its laws and events. The game world tells about heroes and anti-heroes who produce some significant event that develops the action before the eyes of the player.

Gamer– a person addicted to computer and video games. Currently, there are clinics specializing in the treatment of gambling addiction.

gambling addiction– addiction, as a result of which a person cannot lead a normal life, since a gambling addict tends to spend all his time playing games.

AI (artificial intelligence, AI)– a special part of the game’s program code, responsible for the actions of game characters under computer control.

Imb, imba (English imbalance - imbalance)– definition refers to something very cool in the project that does not fit into the game balance. It could be some class, character, incredibly cool skill or item.

Instance, insta (English instance - case)– in an MMO, a location that is loaded personally for the group.

Instant kill- instant kill. Any one-shot is an instant kill, but not every instant kill is a one-shot - death can also occur as a result of a gank.

Kite (English kite - [air, paper] kite)– the process of attacking an enemy when the enemy cannot fight back (this can happen either when using a ranged attack, with impenetrable armor, or with 100% evasion of attacks). When kiting, the enemy's aggro should be on the attacker (the kiter), while the rest of the group can calmly destroy him without taking damage. The kite can also be used as a locomotive vehicle.

Cartridge, karik (English cartridge - cartridge)– an electronic device based on ROM chips that contains a game for the corresponding gaming console. In addition to a number of advantages (good copy protection, expanded console capabilities, quick console access to game content), cartridges have several big disadvantages - production cost and rapid mechanical wear of both the cartridge when the game is frequently replaced, and the console connector for cartridges itself. In this regard, console manufacturers abandoned this format back in the late 80s.

Caster (English cast - cast [enchantment])- a character capable of conjuring and casting spells.

Quest (eng. quest - search)– 1) a genre of games in which the main task of the player is to solve logical problems and puzzles, often associated with the need to initially find objects in accessible locations and then come up with a use for them; 2) a task given to the player.

Quick Time Events (QTE)- one of the gameplay elements in games. The idea is that buttons appear on the screen, and the player must manage to press them in time. Sometimes you need to quickly press one button multiple times, or even press several buttons at the same time, which sometimes turns QTE into a “twister” for your fingers.

Camper (eng. to camp - to set up camp)– a player in the network shooter mode, holed up in hard-to-reach and hard-to-detect places with a good overview of the map location. From this position the player launches surprise attacks. Such players are very often perceived as professionals or cheaters, which they are called by inept and ignorant players who lose the match.

QC– 1) abbr. eng. ok, ok - okay, okay. An affirmative answer to the interlocutor’s remarks, which excludes further discussion of the issue; 2) pair abbr. from English kilo - thousand. That is, a thousand thousand, a million.

Clan War, Clan War, CW (English Clan War, CW - clan war)- a competition between two clans or alliances in a multiplayer game, which are often expressed in armed confrontation. Typically, clan wars are held by prior agreement or as part of a tournament held by the administration of the game project.

Console– 1) game console connected to the TV. Consoles also refer to portable gaming devices that have their own display; 2) a command interpreter, through the line of which you can directly enter commands for execution by the system. In games, the console is most often used to enter special cheat codes or directly interact with the engine to make changes to the gameplay.

Controller, manipulator– an information input device through which the player interacts with the virtual world. There are many types of controllers - keyboard and mouse (standard for PC users), gamepad (used by most consoles), motion sensors (for example, PS Move and Kinect), touch screen (common in mobile devices), etc. The variety of controllers increases every year, giving players easier and more intuitive ways to interact with games.

Check point, check point (English: Check Point, CP - control point)– a special point (often not marked visually) on the map, specified during game development. When such a point is reached, automatic saving usually occurs, although sometimes check points are used for other purposes (for example, marking the successful completion of a section of the track in a race). Usually, when a hero dies and there are checkpoints in the game, the game automatically loads at the time of passing the last checkpoint. In some games where full gameplay saving is not provided, the checkpoint may be the hero's respawn point.

Config (abbreviated as configuration)– 1) personal settings of the user; 2) PC technical parameters.

Crack, tablet, crack– a special file or program that allows you to run an unlicensed version of the game. The use of such programs is illegal in most countries.

Q– 1) A short form of online greeting; 2) abbr. English quest - quest.

Cooldown (eng. cooldown - cooling)– cooldown time for an ability, item or spell. There are also cooldowns for game events.

Lag (eng. lag - delay, delay)– a delay in the operation of the game, manifested in the form of temporary freezing of the game process. Often, lags occur either due to insufficient computer performance or due to communication problems with the server. Constant lags in online games can be associated with the low speed of data exchange between the user’s computer or the server, or the regional distance of the player from the server, which increases the ping value.

Lacker (from the English luck - luck)- a player who achieves success purely due to a random coincidence of circumstances.

Lamer (English lame - lame)– novice user. Unlike noobs, lamers, as a rule, claim to be a good player/user.

Level Cap– character development limit, maximum level.

Level, lvl (English level, lvl)– level of character or account upgrade. Level is a numerical characteristic that increases with time spent in the game or with increasing skill. Often, reaching the next level requires gaining a certain number of experience points (or a similar parameter), and most leveling systems are designed so that significantly more experience is required to achieve each subsequent level.

Liv, Liver (eng. leave - to leave)– user leaving the server during the game. This care is usually voluntary. At the same time, they say about the player that he “lived”, and the player himself is called “Leaver”. As a rule, users then become leavers when the game goes against them.

Lich (English leech - leech)- a player who enters into a partnership solely for his own benefit, without helping the team. When such cooperation occurs by mutual consent (locomotive power leveling), the more polite definition of “Wagon” is adopted.

Location- a part of the game world, geographically separated from its other parts.

Loot (eng. loot - rob)– a general name for items remaining after killing a mob or character that the hero can pick up. In addition, loot includes items found in chests and similar containers, as well as items simply lying on the floor in any game location. In other words, loot is items that can be picked up and then used or sold/exchanged.

Laith, leith (English late - late)– late stage of the game. The term is used mainly in MOBA arenas, where the importance of heroes either increases or decreases over the course of the game, thereby changing the parity of the parties in the late game.

Mana, MP (eng. Mana)- one of the character characteristics often used in RPG projects with a fantasy setting. The mana reserve determines how many spells a hero can cast, or how many times he can use special skills. Typically, mana appears as another bar next to your life bar.

Mount (eng. to mount - sit on (in) a vehicle)– an object that you can ride on, increasing your movement speed. A car, a horse, a lizard, an ostrich, a flying boss's head - mounts can be very diverse.

Machinima (eng. Machinima, from machine - machine and cinema - cinema)- a film created using a game engine. In this case, game characters, models, textures, locations and other resources are used. Machinima is often created by fans, so most of the resulting work is of a very mediocre level. Machinima is essentially a subtype of cinema that takes inspiration from the gaming subculture.

Media franchise– intellectual property that includes the characters, setting, and trademark of an original media work. Typically, franchises arise when a project appears in another form - for example, a game is made into a movie, or a game is created based on a television series.

Mob (English Mob, abbreviation for English mobile object, moving object)- a type of NPC that is characterized by a certain property - to be destroyed by the player to gain experience, money or various items. To make the process more interesting, mobs often try to kill the player at this time. Sometimes mobs act as a complicating factor when completing quests - in this case, killing them may not bring anything to the player.

Mod, mod (English modification - modification)– a modification of the game that makes minor changes to the gameplay or complements it. Most often, mods are made by users, although sometimes developers provide post-release support for their projects by releasing official mods. Often, project creators themselves release tools for modding, but sometimes mods are also created through hacking game resources.

MT (abbr. main tank)- the main tank of the group.

Mule– a character on an MMO or other online game account that is created solely for storing things.

Garbage, Trash– slang term for weak mobs, hells or loot.

Mutator- an analogue of a mod, but introducing only minor changes to the gameplay. Unlike large-scale mods, which cannot always work in parallel, mutators can be used simultaneously in large numbers. The order in which they are activated is very important. For example, if the "no sniper rifle" mutator is followed by the "turn all weapons into sniper rifles" mutator, the sniper rifles disappear and all other weapons turn into rifles. If you use the mutators in the reverse order, all weapons disappear.

Nerf (jarg. English nerf - weaken)– deterioration of any characteristics in the new version of the game. Reducing tank damage, boss health, or armor stats are all nerfs.

Nickname, nickname (English nickname - nickname)– a nickname that is used by users on the Internet and games. A nickname can reflect a real name, or it can designate an object, an animal, some kind of phenomenon, it can be written with various symbols and combine letters. Used as a name for game characters, or when creating accounts in various services.

Ninja- a player who, in the thick of battle, collects loot, opens chests, picks up quest items, etc. Also called ninjas are those users who, when distributing loot to a team, claim all things, even those not of their class.

NP, NP (abbreviated English: no problem)– an abbreviation for replica, meaning “no problem.”

NPK, NPC (eng. Non-Player Character, NPC)- a non-player character controlled by a special program - AI. Usually the NPC can communicate with the hero and is one of the main opportunities for the user to interact with the virtual world. NPCs are often asked to complete tasks or provide trade/exchange services.

Noob hunt- hunting for noobs.

Noob (eng. newbie - newbie)– a beginner, inexperienced player. Most often, noobs give themselves away by playing ineptly, or by asking stupid and simple questions. Sometimes the term "noob" is used to insult someone after the latter has made some ridiculous mistake.

Nubyatnya, Nubland, Nubzone– the location of the characters is much weaker than the player’s level.

Nuke (eng. nuke - use of nuclear weapons)– use of all combat abilities in a short period of time. Used when finishing off bosses, ganking or focusing to get rid of the enemy as quickly as possible.

Area of ​​Effect (AoE)– a phenomenon in which the effect of a spell or ability spreads to an area. Whether the hero waves a sword, whether he throws a grenade, or waters the lawn with a hail of ice - all these are examples of AoE.

OBT (Open Beta Testing, OBT)– open beta testing of the game. Any player can take part in this testing stage without any restrictions.

Overbuff– a situation in which one buff is replaced by another.

Old gamer– a gamer who prefers to play old games. Typically, old gamers use additional programs and emulators to run old games on modern PCs.

OOM (abbr. English out of mana)– an expression for depleted mana – “no mana.” Relevant for healers in MMOs and MOBAs.

Offtopic (off topic - “off topic”)– a network message that goes beyond the pre-established topic of communication. For example, a message, comment or post that does not correspond to the topic of the news/topic within which the entry was left. In other words, in a topic or news about Battlefield, a discussion of new pets in the Sims will be off-topic.

Dad Father– a very experienced player. Synonyms: GM or Goser.

Steam locomotive or Train (English train - train)– 1) a type of kite in which several opponents are collected for further elimination through AoE attacks; 2) the process of playing a game together with a team of low- and high-level characters, in which the latter kills all opponents, while the first (he is called the Carriage) gains experience.

Easter eggs, easter eggs– secrets left by the game developers that do not fit into the overall concept of the game. Usually, to activate Easter eggs in games, you need to perform completely non-obvious actions. Easter eggs play the role of peculiar jokes for attentive players or spectators.

Party (English party - squad)– a group of players united by a common goal.

Patch, update (English patch - patch)– a file that makes updates to the game. The update most often includes corrections to errors found after the game's release. In addition, the patch often contains minor balance and interface tweaks, and sometimes even new gameplay elements and additional content.

PvE (abbreviated English: player vs environment - player against the environment)– gaming content based on the confrontation between users and virtual enemies.

PvP (abbreviated English: player vs player – player against player)– unlike PvE, such game content, on the contrary, is based on confrontation between players: guilds, factions or groups.

Rechipovka– replacing a chip in a device. As a result, the performance of the device can be improved or its functionality expanded. In the gaming field, it usually refers to the re-chip of consoles, after which it becomes possible to play pirated content, or use content designed for another region.

Perk- a character ability acquired as the hero develops. Typically, perks are present in RPG projects and the player has the opportunity to choose the perk they want to receive when moving to a new level. Perks help to achieve the individuality of each hero, allowing you to upgrade your character to suit the style of play.

Permanent death- or death forever, an extremely popular feature in roguelike games and various RPGs. Its essence lies in the fact that after the death of the character, the game ends, and its passage must be started over.

Persian (English personage)- game character. Gamers use this abbreviation regardless of the genre of the project.

Pet– the player’s animal that travels with him.

Pickup (eng. pickup - casual acquaintance)– in MMO games, gathering a group of strangers.

Ping– server response time to the sent command. Ping is very important in multiplayer games and characterizes the speed with which information transmitted to the server affects the game world. Measured in milliseconds. The lower the value, the more enjoyable the gameplay will be. If the ping value is too high, it is almost impossible to enjoy the gameplay. Ping is affected by both the quality of the channel and its congestion, as well as the speed of the server with the current number of active players.

PC– 1) abbr. from Personal Computer; 2) abbr. English player killer – player killer. In an MMO, a member of an opposing faction who hunts down enemies that are significantly weaker than him.

Platformer- a game whose gameplay consists of the frequent need to move a hero or heroes from one platform to another. Often unsuccessful jumps between platforms lead to falling into the abyss and the instant loss of the hero’s life.

Power leveling– quick leveling of a character, in which this same leveling is the only goal. For power leveling, special gaming techniques are used, such as a locomotive or a grind.

Prime– the best time to play. Some guilds in MMOs assign their own prime, and by joining them, the user undertakes to be present in the game at a given time.

Prequel- a new part in the series of games, telling about events that preceded the previously released part. Thus, the developers can talk in more detail about the virtual world and answer the plot questions that players have after completing a previously released game in the series.

Game console– a special device designed for video games. Typically, a game console does not have its own information output device and must be connected to a TV or a special monitor - it is from this need that the name “console” originated. Modern game consoles can also play a variety of media content, including the ability to access the Internet using a browser integrated into the software.

Pumping, quality, leveling– the process of increasing the level or any skills of a character. For pumping, special techniques are usually used, and sometimes special programs (bots). It is also possible in some game projects to upgrade your account for a donation. The most legal and free method of leveling up your account in any game is to complete available quests and other actions that reward experience.

Protagonist, main character- the main character of a computer or video game. Typically, the main character, the protagonist, is confronted throughout the game by the main villain, the antagonist.

Profa– can be a synonym for a class in some MMO projects (warlock, paladin, Sith, etc.), or the name of a specialization (herbalist, blacksmith, seamstress, etc.).

Firmware (eng. firmware - firmware, microprogram)– in the gaming sense, firmware is the console software. Firmware updates can be both official and pirated. The official update allows you to use new features, and sometimes it is impossible to launch newer games without it. If a game requires a newer version of firmware, it is usually included with the game.
Using pirated firmware violates the license agreement, but allows you to run pirated versions of games and additional software on the game console that have not been certified by the console developers. Warranty repairs are not provided for consoles that have ever had pirated firmware installed.

Game developer– a studio, a group of people or, less commonly, one person. The developer creates computer and video games. The developer’s task is to create a virtual game world that exists according to established laws. After the game is released, the developer spends some time releasing patches that correct errors, as well as additions.

Cancer– in online communication, and in particular in a gaming environment, a person is clearly not a guest of this topic. Unlike noobism, crayfishing is very shameful, since crayfish do not consider themselves new to the field, trying to get used to the gaming environment, often ineptly using its terminology and functionality.

Rush, rush (English rush - hurry up)– quick completion of the mission, without any stops. The rush technique is very common in strategies, when an attack on the enemy is carried out at the very beginning of the match with a group of cheap units available for construction almost immediately.

Reir (English: rare)– an extremely rare item dropped by enemies. Reir usually drops from bosses.

Reconnect– restoring a connection to the server after it is lost. Reconnecting to the server.

Remake (eng. remake - remake)– an updated version of the game, created on the basis of an older project. Typically, a remake has more modern graphics, but the gameplay and plot itself remain virtually untouched.

Repop (abbreviated English: repopulation)– restoration of already killed opponents. Regular monsters respawn in a few minutes; bosses in many games do not repop at all.

Res– 1) abbr. English resource - resource; 2) abbr. English resurrection - resurrection. Restoring a player from death with the help of another player.

Respawn, respawn, respawn (English respawn - rebirth)– the process of restoring a game character after death. Depending on the game settings, after respawning the character’s health, mana, ammunition, etc. are restored. Also in RPG projects, respawning in the form of a fine can take away part of the previously earned experience or in-game currency. Typically, respawn occurs at certain points on the map, pre-designated by the location designer.

Rest (English rest - rest)– restoration of health and mana, requiring interruption of the game process.

Reuse– reuse.

Roll (English roll - dice throw)– a well-known DnD system in which in-game events occur according to the randomness of the die roll: what damage will be dealt, what loot will be received, etc.

Rotat, Rotation (English rotation - sequence)– a certain alternation when using skills or spells. The correct use of this or that rotat is a very controversial issue, because often characterizes only the user's playing style. But there are also completely obvious rotations, for example, using a water spell before a burning one, and not vice versa.

RPG, RPG (abbreviated English: Role-Playing Game)– a genre of computer games based on board games. Offers character leveling, skills, experience and quests, as well as other elements of classic board games.

Raid (eng. raid - raid, raid)– in an MMO, passing an instance by a group of players. A raid can also be called a collection of several united instances.

Salo, Silence, Silence (English silence - silence)– a debuff that prevents the player or enemy from casting spells.

Summon (English summon - call)– the character’s ability to summon a creature or other object to help him or her for company (pet). You can also summon living players by teleporting them to you from another location/zone/level. A character who can cast such spells is called a summoner.

Saport (English support - support)– 1) legal entity or individual providing customer support; 2) a character whose role is to help in combat. Healers and buffers are classic supports.

Set (English set - set)- a set of things that gives some effect. If you collect all the items in a set, its overall effect is usually stronger than the sum of the effects of all the items individually.

Setting (from the English setting - furnishings, room, installation, frame)- a specific environment within which the action of a game or any other work of art takes place. Typically, the setting describes the time and place of action, the laws of the world, the creatures inhabiting it, etc.

Sequel (eng. sequel - continuation)– continuation of a project. A sequel means a continuation of the storyline, and the events of the new game develop immediately or after a certain time from the moment where the events of the previous game ended.

Simulator– a virtual simulator of real-life algorithms and processes. The simulator can act within the genre of computer and video games, for example, a car racing simulator, a pilot, a farmer or a policeman.

Single– a game without collective support, be it solo completion of a raid in an MMO or a story campaign in non-network games. Modern projects often provide both single and multiplayer.

System requirements– hardware and software requirements for the normal functioning of the game. If your PC's specifications are below the minimum required, the game may not start at all or may not work correctly. System requirements are often divided into minimum and recommended. The former indicate the minimum required parameters to run the game, and the latter describe the parameters required to play at high quality settings.

Skill, ability, ability (eng. skill, ability)- the ability of the game hero to do something. Healing, collecting herbs, repairing plumbing - all these are abilities. Such skills can be either passive or active. They can evolve with the hero or be unchanged in strength.

Screenshot, screenshot– a screenshot from a game or some other application. Screenshots can be created both by external applications (for example, FRAPS), and in some cases by tools of the game itself.

Slacker (English slacker - lazy)– a player who minds his own business during an important game event. Slackers can be MOBA users who shop at their base during an important battle, or MMO players who forge armor or brew medicine during a castle siege.

Spawnkill (eng. spawnkill - killing a spawn)– killing a character who has just appeared at the spawn point. In most cases, such an action is not welcomed in the gaming community, since the killer has a significant advantage due to better equipment and the readiness to launch a surprise attack. Most modern projects have protection against such actions, making the appearing character invulnerable for a short period of time after respawning.

SS (abbreviated English miss [mi] ss] - lose)– lack of an enemy hero in the lane in DotA and other MOBA games.

Stack (English stack - pack) - several similar items in the inventory that take the place of one item. If this happens, it is customary to say that such an item is stacked. Buffs of the same type can also be stacked on a character, having a cumulative effect.

Basic English is worth loving if only for the fact that to study it you only need to learn 850 words. Oddly enough, this amount is quite enough to communicate easily and naturally with a resident of any English-speaking country. Of course, if you need English to become a translator or read Wilkie Collins in the original, then welcome to the philology department or very serious courses. However, if your goal is simply to speak an international language, then welcome to this article!

For greater simplicity, the 850 words are divided into main groups:

1) objects and phenomena (600 words, of which 400 are general, and 200 are designations of objects);

2) action or movement (100 words);

3) expression of quality (150 words, of which 100 are general and 50 with the opposite meaning).

Particularly pleasing is the fact that out of 850 basic words, 514 have only one syllable! This is not a conservationalist or anything worse. Are you already rubbing your palms in anticipation of the Basic dictionary? Please.

1. OBJECTS AND PHENOMENA

If you follow the “from simple to complex” method, then the minimum vocabulary can be learned from picture words. There are 200 of them. You can put stickers all over the apartment (if the household doesn’t go crazy taking an apple with an “apple” piece of paper from the refrigerator). Or cut out pictures from books. Or download the images on the Internet and print them with captions (by the way, you can flip through them in queues or traffic jams). And here is a ready-made list with pictures on Wikipedia.

1.1. 200 picture words:

It is most convenient and quick to divide these basic words into 6 groups according to their meaning: body parts, food, animals, transport, objects, etc. If you study at least 2 groups every day, then in three days you can master the basic vocabulary. The main thing is not to lose your knowledge and consolidate it in practice. Any acquaintance who agrees to become an angry examiner or pretends to be a know-nothing who is interested in everything is suitable for this.

U:
umbrella - umbrella

1.2. 400 common words:

To make it easier to learn this sequence, let's not reinvent the wheel. You can, of course, suffer and divide all the words into semantic groups, but there will be so many of them that some will only fit one or two terms. It's easier to learn in alphabet. For each letter there are about a dozen words. If you bend over a piece of paper for 10 minutes at least three times a day, you can learn at least 3 letters a day. The maximum depends on your goals and desires.

page - page pain - pain, cause pain paint - paint, draw, paint paper - paper part - part, separate, divide paste - stick, paste payment - payment peace - peace person - person place - place, place, take place, place plant - plant, plant, graft, sow

play - play pleasure - pleasure point - point, point, indicate poison - poison, poison polish - polish porter - porter, porter position - place, position powder - powder power - strength, power price - price print - print

process - process, process produce - product, produce profit - profit, make a profit property - properties prose - prose protest - object, protest pull - tension, pull punishment - punishment purpose - intend, purpose push - push, push

quality - quality, quality

question - question

salt - salt, salt sand - sand scale - measure, scale science - science sea ​​- sea seat - seat, seat, place secretary - secretary selection - choice self - yourself sense - feeling, meaning, sense, feel servant - servant sex - sex, gender shade - tint, shadow, shade shake - shake, shake, tremble, shake shame - disgrace, dishonor shock - shock, shock side - side, adjoin sign - sign, sign, sign silk - silk silver - silver

sister - sister size - size sky - sky sleep - sleep slip - miss, blank, slip, slide slope - tilt, bow smash - blow, break smell - smell, smell smile - smile, smile smoke - smoke, smoke sneeze - sneeze, sneeze snow - snow soap - soap, soap society - society son - son song - song sort - view, sort sound - sound soup - soup space - space, space

stage - stage, scene, organize start - to begin statement - statement steam - steam, steam, move steel - steel step - step, walk stitch - stitch, stitch stone - stone stop - stop, stop story - history stretch - segments, stretch, extend structure - structure substance - substance, essence sugar - sugar suggestion - suggestion, guess summer - summer support - support, support surprise - surprise swim - swimming, swimming system - system

Y:
year - year

2. ACTIONS AND MOVEMENT (100 words)

This list miraculously included words that, it would seem, do not fit the concept of “action” at all: pronouns, polite phrases. Well, what did you want? Try asking someone to make a move without "please let him go northeast for the asterisk."

You can learn in alphabetical order. And it can be divided into parts of speech: verbs, pronouns, prepositions, etc. Prepositions are easy to remember if you use a diagram. Draw a square on a piece of paper in the very center and use dots or arrows to indicate movement. For example, the preposition in is translated as “in” - put a dot in the square and sign it in. And, for example, out is translated as “from” - put an arrow from the square.

come - to come, to arrive get - receive, force give - give go - walk, go keep - continue, keep, leave, prevent let - allow make - do/make, force put - place seem - seem, introduce yourself take - take/take be - to be do - do have - to have, eat, know say - talk see - to see send - send may - be able will - want to be about - about across - through after - after against - against among - among at - in before - before between - between by - to, in accordance with, for, on down - down from - from in - in off - away, from on - on over - by through - through

to - to, before, in under - under up - up with - with as - since, as for - for of - from, oh, from till - bye, until than - than a - any, one, each, some the all - everything, all any - anyone, no one every - everyone no - no, no other - different some - some, a little such - such, in this way that - what this - this, this i - I he - he you - you, you who - who and - and because - because but - ah, but or - or if - if though - although while - while how - how when - when where - where, where, from where

why - why again - again ever - ever, never far - the farthest forward - send, forward here - here, here near - nearby, about now - now, now out - outside, outside still - still then - then there - there, there together - together well - good, much almost - almost enough - enough even - yet, even little - small much - a lot not - not only - only quite - quite so - so very - very tomorrow - tomorrow yesterday - yesterday north - north south - south east - east west - west please - please yes - yes

3. EXPRESSION OF QUALITY (150 WORDS)

3.1. General (100 words)

This is probably the most enjoyable part of the vocabulary. Without adjectives, the language would be too bland and formal. You can learn in alphabetical order. Or you can find images of objects or photographs of people and write on the back what you think about them. Don't be shy in your expressions. The more adjectives you use from the list, the faster you will learn.

important - important

3.2. Opposites (50 words)

The easiest way to quickly master words is to find antonyms. Have you already said everything about the different people in the photographs? Change your perspective and use opposite adjectives. Or simply write down first the quality designation from paragraph 3.1., and after a hyphen - the opposite meaning from paragraph 3.2.

That's all. Congratulations! You have a basic vocabulary. And it will be quite enough for communication. All that remains is to learn how to put these most necessary words into sentences. Welcome to Grammar!

The fact that the language's dictionary contains approximately 300 thousand words is only of theoretical interest for a beginner learning this language. Perhaps the main principle for the reasonable organization of your studies, especially at the initial stage, is the economy of words. You need to learn to memorize as few words as possible, but do it as best as possible.

Let us emphasize that our approach is directly opposite to the guiding principle of “suggestopedia”, with its emphasis on the abundance of words presented to the student. As you know, in accordance with its canons, a beginner needs to be literally “showered with words.” It is best to give him or her 200 new words every day.

Is there any doubt that any normal person will forget all those numerous words with which he was “showered” using this, so to speak, method - and most likely very soon, in just a few days.

Don't chase too much

It will be much better if at the end of a certain stage of study you know 500 or 1000 words very well than 3000 - but poorly. Don’t let yourself be led into a dead end by teachers who will assure you that you need to first learn a certain number of words in order to “get into the swing of things.” Only you yourself can and must decide whether the vocabulary you have mastered is sufficient for your goals and interests.

Language learning experience shows that about 400 well-chosen words can cover up to 90 percent of the vocabulary you need for everyday communication purposes. In order to read, you will need more words, but many of them are only passive. Therefore, with knowledge of 1500 words, you can already understand fairly meaningful texts.

It is better to master the words that are most necessary and important to you than to constantly rush to learn new ones. “He who pursues too much risks missing everything,” says a Swedish proverb. “If you chase two hares, you won’t catch either,” the Russian proverb answers.

Vocabulary in oral speech

Very roughly speaking, about 40 well-chosen, high-frequency words will cover about 50% of word usage in everyday speech in any language;

• 200 words will cover about 80%;
• 300 words - approximately 85%;
• 400 words will cover about 90%;
• Well, 800-1000 words are about 95% of what would need to be said or heard in the most ordinary situation.

Thus, the right vocabulary helps you understand quite a lot with very little effort spent on cramming.

Example: if a total of 1000 words are spoken in an everyday conversation, then 500 of them, that is, 50%, will be covered by the 40 most common high-frequency words.

We emphasize that these percentages, of course, are not the result of exact calculations. They simply give the most general idea of ​​how many words it will take to feel confident when entering into a simple dialogue with a native speaker. In any case, there is no doubt that by correctly choosing from 400 to 800 words and remembering them well, you can feel confident in a simple conversation, since they will cover almost 100% of those words that you cannot do without. Of course, under other, less favorable conditions, 400 words will cover only 80% of what you need to know - instead of 90 or 100%.

Reading vocabulary

When reading, having correctly chosen and well remembered about 80 of the most common, most frequent words, you will understand about 50% of a simple text;

• 200 words will cover approximately 60%;
• 300 words - 65%;
• 400 words - 70%;
• 800 words - approximately 80%;
• 1500 - 2000 words - about 90%;
• 3000 - 4000 - 95%;
• and 8,000 words will cover almost 99 percent of the written text.

Example: if you have a text in front of you with a volume of approximately 10 thousand words (this is approximately 40 printed pages), then, having learned the most necessary 400 words in advance, you will understand about 7000 words that are used in this text.

Let us note again that the figures we give are only indicative. Depending on various additional conditions, 50 words will cover up to 50 percent of the written text, but in other cases you will need to learn at least 150 words to get the same result.

Vocabulary: from 400 to 100,000 words

• 400 - 500 words - active vocabulary for language proficiency at a basic (threshold) level.
• 800 - 1000 words - active vocabulary in order to explain yourself; or passive reading vocabulary at a basic level.
• 1500 - 2000 words - active vocabulary, which is quite enough to ensure everyday communication throughout the day; or passive vocabulary sufficient for confident reading.
• 3000 - 4000 words - in general, enough for almost fluent reading of newspapers or literature in the specialty.
• About 8,000 words - provide complete communication for the average European. There is practically no need to know more words in order to communicate freely both orally and in writing, as well as read literature of any kind.
• 10,000-20,000 words - the active vocabulary of an educated European (in their native language).
• 50,000-100,000 words - the passive vocabulary of an educated European (in their native language).

It should be noted that vocabulary alone does not ensure free communication. At the same time, having mastered 1,500 correctly chosen words, with some additional training, you will be able to communicate almost freely.

As for professional terms, they usually do not present any particular difficulties, since in most cases this is an international vocabulary that is quite easy to master.

When you already know about 1500 words, you can start reading at a fairly decent level. With passive knowledge of 3,000 to 4,000 words, you will be fluent in reading literature in your specialty, at least in those areas where you are confident. In conclusion, we note that, according to calculations carried out by linguists based on a number of languages, the average educated European actively uses about 20,000 words (and half of them are quite rare). In this case, the passive vocabulary is at least 50,000 words. But all this concerns the native language.

Basic vocabulary

In the pedagogical literature you can find the terminological combination “basic vocabulary”. From my point of view, at the maximum level the vocabulary is about 8000 words. It seems to me that it is hardly necessary to learn more words, except perhaps for some special purposes. Eight thousand words will be enough for full communication in any conditions.

When starting to learn a language, it would be wise to make do with shorter lists. Here are three levels that I have found in practice to provide a good guide for a beginner:

• level A("basic vocabulary"):

400-500 words. They are enough to cover approximately 90% of all word usage in everyday oral communication or about 70% of simple written text;

• level B(“minimum vocabulary”, “mini-level”):

800-1000 words. They are enough to cover approximately 95% of all word usage in everyday oral communication or about 80-85% of written text;

• level B("average vocabulary", "medium level"):

1500-2000 words. They are enough to cover approximately 95-100% of all word usage in everyday oral communication or about 90% of written text.

An example of a good dictionary of basic vocabulary can be considered the dictionary published by E. Klett in Stuttgart, 1971, under the title "Grundwortschatz Deutsch" ("Basic vocabulary of the German language"). It contains 2,000 of the most essential words in each of a selected six languages: German, English, French, Spanish, Italian and Russian.

Eric W. Gunnemark, Swedish polyglot

Do you want to improve your spoken English? Learning colloquial phrases and expressions is exactly where you should start!

This article contains everything you need in a conversation on absolutely any topic. You will make your speech richer and more varied, and your communication with people more enjoyable and exciting!

Greetings and farewells

Of course, you can always get by with the words “Hello”, “How are you?” and “Goodbye”, but there are also more varied ways to say hello and goodbye, especially in a friendly environment (for example, in a group):

How is it going?	How are things going?
How's life?	What's up?
How are things?	How is it?
Long time no see!	Long time no see!
What are you up to?	What are you doing?
What have you been up to?	What have you been doing all this time?
See you soon!	See you later!
See you later!	See you later!
Till next time!	Until next time!
Good luck!	Good luck!
Take care!	Take care of yourself!
Talk to you later!	We'll talk to you later!
Until we meet again!	See you!
Have a nice day!	Have a good day!
Have a good weekend	Good weekend
Have a safe trip	Have a good trip
Say hi to...	Give my regards to …
Send my love to…	Say hello... (if we are talking about relatives or close people)

Introductory words

They make sentences more coherent and help the interlocutor follow your train of thought. They also give time to find words without creating long pauses in speech.

In short / in brief	in short
In a word	in a nutshell
As far / as to	concerning
Not to mention	not to mention
First of all/ above all	first of all
What's more	Besides
By the way	By the way
After all	eventually; after all
Just for the record	for reference; so that you know
And so on and so forth	and so on
If I'm not mistaken	if I'm not mistaken
In other words	in other words
On the contrary	vice versa
The thing is	The fact is that
So as to / so that	so that
Either way	anyway
As a rule	usually, as a rule
As well as	as well as
All the same	doesn't matter
On one hand	On the one side
On the other hand	on the other side
Such as	For example
As I said before	as I already said
Believe it or not, but	believe it or not, but
If I remember rightly / If I recall correctly	If I remember it right

Ways to express agreement or disagreement

There are many shades between “yes”, “no” and “maybe”. If you want to avoid direct refusal or, on the contrary, express your enthusiasm, these expressions will help you:

Perhaps	Maybe, maybe
Of course / Sure	Certainly
Definitely	Definitely, definitely
Absolutely	Undoubtedly
Naturally	Naturally
Probably	Probably
You are right	You're right
It can hardly be so	This is unlikely to be the case
Very well	Very good
Most likely	More likely
Most unlikely	Hardly
Not a bit	Not at all
I believe so / suppose so	I guess that's true
I doubt it	I doubt
No way	No way, no way
Exactly so	Exactly
Quite so	Quite right
I agree with you	I agree with you
I am afraid you are wrong	I'm afraid you're wrong
I'm afraid so	I'm afraid so
I'm not sure	Not sure
I don't think so	I don't think so; hardly
In a way / to a certain extent	In a sense
No doubt	Undoubtedly
I'm in / I'm game	I am “for” (in response to a suggestion to go somewhere or do something)
I think I'll pass	Better without me
Deal!	It's coming!
It's a great idea!	Great idea!
Not a very good idea	Not a good idea
I'm looking forward to it	I'm looking forward to it

Polite phrases

Always nice in any language. Rest assured, your interlocutor will appreciate knowing these phrases, whether it be a thank you, an apology, or just a simple courtesy.

I'm so sorry!	I'm really sorry!
I beg your pardon!	I'm sorry!
I’m sorry, I can’t.	Sorry, I can't.
Sorry, I meant well.	Sorry, I wanted the best.
It's very kind of you!	It is very kind of you!
Thank you anyway!	Anyway, thanks!
Thank you in advance!	Thanks in advance!
Don't mention it!	Do not mention it!
May I help you?	Can I help you?
No problem / that’s ok!	Everything is fine!
Don't worry about it!	Don't worry about it!
This way, please!	Here please!
After you!	After you!

Ways to keep the conversation going and respond to what is said

Undoubtedly, the most popular colloquial reaction is the word “Really?” Depending on the intonation, it can express a variety of emotions, from sarcasm and irony to surprise and sincere delight. But, of course, there are other ways to show interest in what is being said:

What's the matter?	What's the matter?
What's going on? / What's happening?	What's happening?
What's the trouble?	What is the problem?
What's happened?	What's happened?
How was it?	So how? (How did everything go?)
Did I get you right?	Did I understand you correctly?
Don't take it to heart.	Don't take it to heart.
I didn't catch the last word.	I didn't understand the last word.
Sorry, I wasn’t listening.	Sorry, I listened.
It doesn't matter.	It does not matter.
It is new to me.	This is news to me.
Let us hope for the best.	Let us hope for the best.
May I ask you a question?	Can I ask you a question?
Next time lucky!	Better luck next time!
Oh, that. That explains it.	That's it, that explains everything.
Say it again, please.	Could you repeat it, please.
So that's where the trouble lies!	So that's the thing!
Things happen.	Anything can happen.
What do you mean?	What do you have in mind?
Where were we?	Where did we leave off?
You were saying?	Did you say something?
I’m sorry, I didn’t catch you.	Sorry, I didn't hear.
Lucky you!	What a score!
Good for you!	So much the better for you! (In this phrase, a lot depends on intonation; it often implies sarcasm: “Well, well, I’m glad for you!”)
I'm so happy for you!	I'm so happy for you! (But this is said absolutely sincerely)
What do you know!	Who would have thought!

Spoken English includes many speech cliches - phrases used as ready-made formulas for common situations. These can be expressions from one word (hello) or from several (to tell you the truth). This collection contains colloquial phrases in English that are useful in everyday speech.

Speech patterns are an important part of spoken English.

By spoken English we can mean the informal style of speech with which native speakers communicate with each other. It is replete with idioms, slang, quotes from bearded jokes and jokes from local TV. To fully participate in communication, for example, with Americans, it is advisable to live in the USA.

But more often, colloquial English is called purely functional English, when you need to explain that part A is inserted into part B, and not vice versa. The main thing here is to know a minimum of vocabulary and have enough practice, and everything else is an optional luxury.

This minimum also includes spoken phrases in English. These cliché phrases, blank phrases, are capable of solving the lion's share of communication problems on their own. For example, such everyday details of communication as greeting and farewell, wishing you a good day, expressing gratitude and apologizing are completely clichéd.

By inserting the necessary blanks, you give the statement a shade of confidence or uncertainty, a joyful or dissatisfied attitude towards the event. In a word, conversational phrases-templates are very convenient.

Phrases and expressions in video lessons

Below I provide a list of expressions, compiled on the basis of personal experience, and examples for them. But I also want to recommend you interesting video lessons on the Puzzle English service - many conversational topics, expressions, and individual nuances are explained there in a simple and interesting way. What's great is that the lessons come with exercises.

Greetings and farewells

Greeting formulas include not only the greeting itself, but also the following question like “How are you?”, “How is life?” etc. Let's start with greetings and farewells:

Hello	Hi Hello
Hi	Hello
Good morning	Good morning
Good afternoon	Good afternoon
Good evening	Good evening
Good bye (Bye)	Bye
See you later (see you)	See you later
Have a nice (good) day	Have a good day

Notes:

• Hello And Good bye- the most neutral forms of greeting and farewell that are suitable for any situation. Hi- a more conversational, friendly form.
• Phrases used for greetings good morning\afternoon\evening, but not good night- this is a wish for good night.
• In English, as in Russian, there are farewell words that imply separation forever, for example farewell(farewell) - this word with a bookish connotation is found more often in historical films, rather than in everyday speech.

The greeting is usually followed by a formal question such as “How are you?” Here are the main question and answer options:

Notes:

• Before fine, good or ok should be added thanks or thank you, thanking the interlocutor for asking how you are doing: Thanks, I’m fine.
• Question "How are you?"- it's just a greeting, a formula of politeness. You should not tell in detail how you are doing or, even worse, complain about life.
• Read more about the intricacies of greetings in the article:

By the way, if you want to know how best to learn expressions and where to find examples, I recorded a video with some tips:

Expression of gratitude and response

In 99% of cases, the following words are suitable for expressing gratitude and responding to it: “Thank you.” – “You are welcome.” This formula exactly corresponds to the Russian “thank you - please.” But there are other options. Here are some popular formulas for expressing gratitude:

And responses to gratitude:

Apologies and responses to apologies

Notes:

• In short, the difference between sorry And excuse me is that sorry they say after they’ve done something (stepped on someone’s foot - Oh, sorry!), and excuse me- when they are just getting ready (Excuse me, can I take your pen, please?). That is sorry- this is when they express regret about something, and excuse me- to attract attention, to appeal, to ask for something.
• In response to sorry usually they say ok, it's fine, no problem, much like how we answer “oh well!” or “no big deal.”

Expressing confidence and uncertainty

In conversation, words are often used that indicate the speaker's confidence or uncertainty.

Notes:

• Expressions I'm (pretty, absolutely) sure suitable for any situation. I’m certain \ I’m positive express slightly more confidence than I'm sure, and sound more official.
• I bet is a stable colloquial expression that literally means “I bet (on something).” Russian equivalents: “I bet”, “I bet”.

Example sentences:

• I'm sure you are right. - I'm sure you're right.
• I'm certain we made the right decision. “I'm sure we made the right decision.”
• I'm positive I left my wallet in my car. “I know for sure that I left my wallet in my car.”
• No doubt it's possible. – I have no doubt that this is possible.
• I bet you don't have guts to jump! - I bet you have the guts to jump!

Expression of uncertainty
I think	I think
I guess	I think\Probably
I'm not sure	I'm not sure
I'm not quite sure	I'm not entirely sure
Maybe	May be
Perhaps	Maybe
Probably	Probably
As far as I know	As far as I know
As far as I remember	As long as I remember
I have a feeling	I have this feeling

Notes:

• Expressions I think(I think) or I guess(lit.: I guess) are translated as “I think (I think, I believe), it seems to me, probably” and are often used when the speaker is not entirely sure.
• Expression I guess has a more informal tone than I think, and is characteristic of American English.
• Maybe And perhaps have the meaning “maybe, perhaps”, but maybe- a less formal option. Word perhaps characteristic of written and formal oral speech.

Example sentences:

• I think he is taller than you, but I can’t be certain. “I think he’s taller than you, but I can’t know for sure.”
• I guess she prefers roses. “I think she prefers roses.”
• I'm not sure we should eat this meal. “I’m not sure we should eat this dish.”
• Anna explained the task but I'm not quite sure they understood her. – Anna explained the task to them, but I’m not entirely sure that they understood her.
• Maybe your father can help you to find a job. “Maybe your father can help you find a job.”
• Perhaps you will change your mind after the presentation. – Perhaps you will change your mind after the presentation.
• This is probably the rarest mineral in the world. “It is probably the rarest mineral in the world.”
• As far as I know, smoking here is prohibited. – As far as I know, smoking is prohibited here.
• As far as I remember, the boy's name was Allen. “As far as I remember, the boy’s name was Allen.”
• Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore. “Toto, I have a feeling we’re not in Kansas anymore.”

Expressing your opinion

Notes:

• Like “I think” in Russian, I think may sound confident or, conversely, emphasize the speaker’s uncertainty in his statement (which happens more often). It all depends on the context and intonation.
• The popular Internet expression IMHO comes from the English in my humble opinion(IMHO) – in my humble opinion.

Example sentences:

• I think if you work hard, you’ll do well in the exam. – I think that if you study hard, you will do well in the exam.
• It seems to me that your business plan is very convincing. – It seems to me that your business plan is very convincing.
• In my opinion, there should be at least two windows in this room. “In my opinion, this room should have at least two windows.”
• To be honest, your new car is awful. - Honestly, your new car is terrible.
• To tell you the truth, there is no much choice for you. “To be honest, you don’t have much of a choice.”
• To my mind, red is not the best color for wallpapers. – In my opinion, red is not the best color for wallpaper.

Agreement and disagreement

Besides yes and no, there are other ways to express agreement and disagreement in English. Below are ways to express agreement, which are complete sentences.

Notes:

• Expression absolutely in response to some statement means agreement. Often, without thinking, it is translated as “absolutely.” But absolutely can most likely be translated as “of course,” “completely agree with you,” “necessarily,” etc., depending on the context:

Will you join us? - Absolutely.

Will you join us? - Certainly.

• I couldn't (can't) agree more denotes firm, confident agreement. It is often used incorrectly, for example: I could agree more, I couldn’t agree anymore.

Disagreement formulas are also short sentences.

Notes:

• Turnover If I were you is a special case of a conditional sentence. Read more about it in the article.
• Let's– an expression used to encourage joint action, like “come on (-those)” in Russian. In general, from a grammatical point of view, let's is a shortened form of let us, however the long form usually has a different meaning: let(s) us do something.

Let's go! - Lets go!

Let's go! - Let us go! (let us go)

Example sentences:

• Would you like a cup of tea? - Would you like a cup of tea?
• Do you want tea? - Do you want some tea?
• How about a cup of tea? - How about a cup of tea?
• Can I offer do you help me? – May I offer you my help?
• Let's get back to work. - Let's get back to work.
• I recommend you avoiding some neighborhoods in our city. – I recommend that you avoid certain areas in our city.
• You scream sleep better. – You should get better sleep.
• Why don't you come to our party tomorrow? – Why don’t you come to our party tomorrow?
• If I were you, I would wait for a lawyer. – If I were you, I would wait for a lawyer.
• You'd better take an umbrella. - You better take an umbrella.

Appreciation, expression of feelings

Great	Great
Good	Fine
Nice	Okay, nice
Cool	Cool, cool
Wow	Wow, wow
I like it	I like it
Fantastic!	Amazing! Fantastic!
Not bad	Not bad
So so	So-so
It could be better	Could be better
Not good	Not good
Bad	Badly
Awful	Disgusting, terrible
It's terrible	It's horrible
I'm so glad for you	I'm so happy for you
I'm sorry about that	I'm really sorry
Oh my god!	My God!
What the hell!	What the heck!
What a drink! (what a shame)	What a pity!

• Since religion is a delicate issue, the phrase “Oh, my god” often replaced with a euphemism “Oh my gosh”, A “What the hell” – “What the hell”.
• I'm sorry about that spoken to express sympathy when something sad happens.

I failed my exam. - I failed the exam.

Sorry about that. - I'm really sorry.

• Expression “What a shame!” often mistakenly translated as “What a shame!”, because shame means “disgrace.” It actually means “What a pity.”

I understand/don’t understand you

Notes:

• Got it– a colloquial expression, something like “it’s arrived.”
• Word spell in the expression “How do you spell it?” means “to spell.” The question is often asked regarding the first or last name. In English, it is often impossible to hear how a name is spelled unless you spell it. More details on this in.

FAQ

Questions are more a topic of grammar rather than vocabulary; a separate large article is devoted to them. Here I present some templates used in colloquial speech.

What is...?	What's happened …?
Where is…?	Where …?
Can I...?	May I …?
Can you...? (Could you – more politely)	Could you…?
How much is...?	What is the price …?
How many\much…?	How many …?
How long...?	How long …?
How do I go to…?	How do I get through...?
What time is it?	What time is it now?
What time do you…?	What time are you...?
How far is...?	How far …?
Where can I get…?	Where can I get\take…?
Where can I find…?	Where can I find…?
How do you like...?	As you like) …?
What's wrong?	What's wrong?
What happened? \What's the matter?	What's happened?

Notes:

• Questions about quantity may use pronouns many And much(How many? How much?). Read more about the difference between them in the article.
• Question “What's the matter?” is a way to ask what happened. But similar question “What’s the matter with you?”, which can often be heard in films, often has a negative connotation, something like: “What’s wrong with you?”
• Requests made to someone using a verb could, sound more polite than with a verb can: “Could you help me?” more polite than “Can you help me?”

Example sentences:

• What is sarcasm? – What is sarcasm?
• Where are your friends when you need them? – Where are your friends when you need them?
• Can I borrow your pen? – Can I borrow your pen?
• Can you ask your dog to bark, please? – Could you ask your dog to bark, please?
• How much are your boots, your clothes and your motorcycle? – How much do your shoes, clothes and motorcycle cost?
• How many times can you fold a piece of paper? – How many times can you fold a piece of paper?
• How long can you hold your breath? - How long can you go without breathing?
• How do I go to the library, please? - How do I get to the library?
• What time is it?- What time is it now?
• What time do you close? – What time do you close?
• How far is from here to the airport? – How far (how far) is it from here to the airport?
• Where can I get such a nice prom dress? – Where can I find such a cute prom dress?
• Where can I find investors? – Where can I find investors?
• How do you like John's new apartment? – How do you like John’s new apartment?
• What's wrong?- What's wrong?
• What happened?- What's happened?

Different ways to start a sentence in English

Finally, here are a few ways to start a sentence in English. Some of them have already been given above.

Well..	Well…
So…	Anyway
As for me	As for me
As far as I remember…	As long as I remember…
As far as I know…	As far as I know…
Actually…	Actually
By the way	By the way
The problem is that	The problem is that…
The point is that	The point is that
On the one hand…, on the other hand…	On the one hand on the other hand…
Luckily...	Fortunately…
Unfortunately…	Unfortunately…
In my opinion…	In my opinion…
It seems to me that...	I think…
I think\I guess	I think…
Personally, I suppose…	Personally I think...
Moreover,...	Moreover, …
What's worse is that	What's worse
Briefly speaking…	In short…

Example sentences:

• Well, let's get started. - Well, let's get started.
• So what are you doing next weekend? – So what are you doing next week?
• As for me, I prefer cheeseburgers. – As for me, I prefer cheeseburgers.
• As far as I remember, there was a ladder on the roof. – As far as I remember, there was a ladder on the roof.
• As far as I know, this is an episode from ‘Robinson Crusoe’. – As far as I know, this is an excerpt from “Robinson Crusoe.”
• Actually, her name was Nina. – Actually, her name was Nina.
• By the way, Tom is still waiting for your report. – By the way, Tom is still waiting for your report.
• The problem is that free college is not free. “The problem is that free college is not free.”
• The point is that it is possible but very difficult. – The point is that it is possible, but very difficult.
• On the one hand, I'd like more money, but on the other hand, I’m not prepared to work the extra hours in order to get it. – On the one hand, I would like more money, but on the other hand, I’m not ready to work overtime to earn this money.
• Fortunately, we are in the semifinals but we are not champions. – Fortunately, we are in the semi-finals, but we are not champions.
• Unfortunately, we got lost in the forest. - Unfortunately, we got lost in the forest.
• In my opinion, his previous play was much better. – In my opinion, his previous play was much better.
• It seems to me that we are at the wrong bus station. “I think we’re at the wrong bus stop.”
• I think that your teacher won’t like a gift card. “I don’t think your teacher will like a gift certificate.”
• Personally, I suppose that we should join our allies and help them. “Personally, I think we should join our allies and help them.”
• Moreover, they didn’t let me speak to a lawyer. “Moreover, they did not allow me to talk to a lawyer.”
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