Many English adverbs have the suffix -ly. To form an adverb, we add -ly to the adjective (slow - slowly, loud - loudly).

But in English there are also words that, although they end in -ly, are not adverbs. These are words such as friendly, likely, lonely, lovely, silly, ugly and some others. Despite the -ly at the end, they are all - adjectives and describe nouns:

He is a friendly person. - He is a friendly person.

The flowers are lovely. - The flowers are cute.

His question was silly. - His question was stupid.

My grandmother is a lively person. - My grandmother is an energetic person.

If you need to use these words as adverbs to describe actions, then adding another -ly to these adjectives is impossible.

You must use the in a ... way/ manner construction:

She smiled in a friendly way. - She smiled friendly.

The child was dressed in a lovely manner. - The child was dressed very cute.

He giggled in a silly way. - He giggled very stupidly.

They talked in a lively manner. - They had a lively conversation.

Words such as daily, weekly, monthly, yearly can be both adverbs and adjectives:

This newspaper comes out daily. - This newspaper is published daily. (Adverb)
My father is reading a daily newspaper - My father reads the daily newspaper. (Adjective)

We pay for rent monthly. - We pay rent monthly. (Adverb)
They are waiting for our monthly payment. - They are waiting for our monthly payment. (Adjective)

We hold our meetings weekly. - We hold our meetings weekly. (Adverb)
Our weekly meeting is put off. - Our weekly meeting has been postponed. (Adjective)

The conference takes place yearly.- The conference is held annually. (Adverb)
We invited Mr. Black for our yearly conference. - We invited Mr. Black to our annual conference. (Adjective)

But this is not the only difficulty in distinguishing between adverbs and adjectives. The fact is that there are a number of adverbs that have the same form as adjectives and are similar in meaning. But some adverbs and adjectives, although they have the same form, are completely different in meaning.

Adjectives and adverbs that have the same form and similar meaning:

	Adjective	Adverb
	Clean: The surface should be clean. - The surface must be clean.	Completely: The kitchen must be clean washed. - The kitchen needs to be cleaned thoroughly. Completely, completely, completely, completely, completely: The words have gone clean out of my head. - The words completely flew out of my head.
	Mdead: The man was dead. - The man was dead.	Completely, completely, entirely: I am dead certain that he is guilty. - I am completely sure that he is guilty. Exactly, exactly: We arrived dead on time. - We arrived exactly on time.
	Fast, strong, durable: My car is very fast. - My car is very fast. This paint is fast. - This is a permanent paint.	Fast, strong: He always drives too fast. - He always drives very fast. They were fast asleep. - They were fast asleep.
	Small, small, few: A little bird landed on the bench. - The little bird sat on the bench. She had little money. - She didn't have much money.	Little, to a small extent: I wrote little of what she explained. - I wrote down a little of what she explained.
	Long, long: Thelecturewaslongandboring. - The lecture was long and boring.	For a long time: I waited for you so long. - ISofor a long timeyouwaited.
	Abundant, in large volume (a lot): There is much light in this room. - There is a lot of light in this room.	Very: I like swimming very much. - I really like to swim.
	Good, in good condition, healthy: She was ill last week but she is well now. - She was sick last week, but now she is healthy.	Fine: He can sing very well. - He sings very well.

How to distinguish an adverb from an adjective? An adjective always refers to a noun and describes its attribute. Most often, adjectives come before nouns in a sentence (a fast car), or are connected by a linking verb to be:

I want to buy a fast car. - I want to buy a fast car.

My car is very fast. - My car is very fast.

Adverbs describe a verb (action) and most often appear after the verb in a sentence:

He drives very fast. - He drives very fast.

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The Russian language is difficult to learn; the vocabulary numbers in the millions of words, some of which are adverbs. Let's look at what an adverb is in the Russian language and how it is formed.

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Description

An adverb is a part of speech that indicates a sign of an action or the circumstance under which the action is performed. In sentences they are most often associated with a verb. They have no gender, number, endings, or case. Those formed from qualitative adjectives have a degree of comparison: quiet - quieter, deep - deeper.

Words related to this part of speech are divided into six large groups, each of which has its own questions. Adverb questions in:

• way of action, the following questions are posed to them: “how?”, “in what way?”, “how exactly?”;
• measures and degrees, questions are posed to them: “how much?”, “how much?”, “to what extent?”, “to what extent?”;
• time, their questions: “when?”, “how long ago?”, “how long?”, “since when?”;
• places, you can ask questions: “where?”, “from where?”, “where to?”;
• reasons - “why?”, “why?”;
• goals, you can ask questions: “why?”, “for what?”, “for what purpose?”;

There are five ways of education:

• by adding a prefix to the main word - prefix,
• by adding a suffix - suffixal,
• prefix-suffixal,
• compounding,
• by transforming one part of speech into another.

The prefix method of formation means adding a prefix. For example: easy - not easy, weak - not weak, there - from there.

In the suffix method, a number of suffixes are added to an adjective or verb. For - these are the suffixes o/e: fast - quickly, smooth - smooth, funny - funny. The suffix “and” is added to relative adjectives: all kinds - in every possible way, masculine - manly, heroic - heroically. From verbs they are formed using the suffixes a/ya, uchi/yuchi s, added to the stem: to be silent - silently, to love - loving, to play - playfully.

By simultaneously adding a suffix and a prefix, the formation occurs as follows:

• the prefix “in-” plus the suffixes “-oom/him-”: in a new way, in a good way;
• the prefix “po-” together with the suffixes “-i/ski-”: in Russian, in Indian.
• prefixes “to-”, “from-”, “is-”, “co-”, “with-” and the suffix “-a-”: sideways, from afar, late, to the left.
• adjective bases with the addition of prefixes “in-”, “on-”, “for-” and the suffix “-o-“: again, darkly, left, right.
• nouns and prefixes “na-”, “in-”, “with-”, “by-”, “from-” with the addition of the suffix “-u-”: below, above, in the morning.
• collective numerals using prefixes “in-”, “na-” and suffixes “-o-”, “e”, “em”: three, three.
• ordinal numbers using the prefixes “in-”, “in-” and suffixes “-ы/х-”: secondly.

Compounding is a method in which a part of speech is formed by merging two words (in this case, using a suffix). Examples of this method are the words barely, in passing.

By transitioning one part of speech to another, the words are formed: home, in the spring, step, a little.

Kinds

According to the category, they are classified into two large groups: definitive and detailed. Determinatives, denoting the method of performing a particular action, are combined in a sentence or phrase with nouns, as well as verbs and (these types include mode of action, measure and degree). Circumstantial ones focus on the circumstances under which the action was performed (place and time, purpose and reason). Most often they are used with the verb

Relative

Relative adverbs perform the functions of allied words in a sentence. Orthographically, these are the same questions, but the lexical meaning is to reveal the main part of the sentence. For example: we don’t know where Vasily Ivanovich lives.

Important! In this case, the word “where” is not a question, but a connecting link between the main and dependent parts and indicates what exactly the speakers do not know.

Examples are word forms: where, when, why, why, from where.

Quality

In the school curriculum, qualitative adverbs are not classified as a separate group - they are part of the adverbs of manner of action. Formed from qualitative adjectives by adding the suffixes o/e, you can ask the question “how?”: loudly, weakly, cheaply. They can have degrees of comparison: comparative and superlative. For example: loud-louder, weak-weaker, cheap-cheaper.

Predicative

Predicative adverbs are often used in simple impersonal sentences, performing the function of a predicate. They indicate the state: “difficult”, “quiet”, “calm”, “possible”, “impossible”, “necessary”.

Compare: “math is very difficult for me” (here the word “difficult” is connected with the verb “given”) and “Vanya lost his family in the war. It’s very difficult for him” (the word “difficult” describes the boy’s condition - this is a predicative adverb).

Use in speech

Important! The use of adverbs makes our speech richer, more expressive and beautiful, gives the interlocutor additional information, and the speaker the opportunity to accurately describe the events taking place. Without them, modern dialogue will be impossible. Their absence makes our speech dry, causing a feeling of understatement.

Compare two examples:

1. I finished writing and went to bed.
2. Yesterday I finished writing late and slowly went to bed.

In the second case, the interlocutor can see the picture of what happened more clearly. Tired in the evening, the author worked late, and even more tired went to bed. In some cases, without adverbs it is completely impossible for sentences to exist. This applies to predicative forms that are predicates. Thus, the sentence “It became quiet in the forest” loses its meaning if it does not contain the word “quiet”, which is a predicative adjective.

How are they different from adjectives?

Those who are fluent in Russian know how to distinguish an adverb from an adjective, because finding the differences will not be difficult at all. An adjective gives a qualitative characteristic of an object: sweet tea, blue sky, wooden bridge, new furniture. Syntactically it is connected with a noun, with which it must appear in the same case. The adjective changes according to gender, case and number: southern-southern, southern, southern. It has characteristic endings: -y, -y, -oy, -aya, -yaya, -oe, -ee.

What features help to separate an adverb from an adjective:

• an indication of a certain sign, circumstance, method of performing an action;
• syntactic connection with the verb;
• lack of declension by gender, number and cases;
• the presence of endings: -o, -a, -i.

Short list

A complete list of words related to this part of speech cannot be contained in one article due to the richness of the Russian language. Here is a short list of adverbs that are most often used in everyday life:

• • fast,
  • far,
  • home,
  • yesterday,
  • tasty,
  • Nice,
  • expensive,
  • cheap,
  • hot,
  • hot,
  • Cold,
  • warm,
  • early.

Adverb as part of speech. Adverb categories

Russian lessons Adverb

Conclusion

The use of adverbs in speech is necessary, since without them it is impossible to imagine communication, expression of emotions, or a detailed description of current events. These parts of speech have characteristic morphological and syntactic features that make it possible to distinguish them from other words.

How does an adverb differ from a short adjective? and got the best answer

Answer from Olga Savenkova[guru]
Very briefly, a short adjective answers the question: “what?” and denotes a feature of an object (For example, beautiful, smart, sweet; “what?” beautiful, smart, sweet; “what?” beautiful; “what?” beautiful, smart, nice)
And an adverb answers the question “how?” and most often denotes a sign of action (For example, singing (how?) well), but can also refer to an adjective ((how?) dazzling white), gerund (raising (how?) up ), sometimes to a noun (step (where? which?) back)
To distinguish a short adjective from an adverb, you need to look at the word to which the adverb refers. adj. or adverb, and ask a question from it to the doubtful one. The adverb will not answer the questions “what? adverb, it cannot be converted into a full adjective).

Answer from Yergey Antonov[active]
the adverb does not change...

Answer from [Tonechka][guru]
the adverb does not answer the questions what is what
adverb answers the question how, denotes a sign of action

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: how does an adverb differ from a short adjective?

How does an adverb differ from a short adjective? and got the best answer

Answer from Olga Savenkova[guru]
Very briefly, a short adjective answers the question: “what?” and denotes a feature of an object (For example, beautiful, smart, sweet; “what?” beautiful, smart, sweet; “what?” beautiful; “what?” beautiful, smart, nice)
And an adverb answers the question “how?” and most often denotes a sign of action (For example, singing (how?) well), but can also refer to an adjective ((how?) dazzling white), gerund (raising (how?) up ), sometimes to a noun (step (where? which?) back)
To distinguish a short adjective from an adverb, you need to look at the word to which the adverb refers. adj. or adverb, and ask a question from it to the doubtful one. The adverb will not answer the questions “what? adverb, it cannot be converted into a full adjective).

Answer from Yergey Antonov[active]
the adverb does not change...

Answer from [Tonechka][guru]
the adverb does not answer the questions what is what
adverb answers the question how, denotes a sign of action

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: how does an adverb differ from a short adjective?

Each of us has been familiar with such a part of speech as an adverb since school. We actively use them in everyday speech, without thinking at all about any rules or basic theory.

However, it is necessary to understand the concept itself: what is an adverb in the Russian language? According to the rules of literature, this term is defined as, denoting a sign of a completed action, the state of an object or the quality of an object, and plays the role of a circumstance or inconsistent definition in sentences. Answers the question: “how”?

Adverbs bring more meaning, precision and expressiveness to our speech. To correctly construct a sentence containing this part of speech, it is necessary to take into account its stylistic significance and semantic role.

Writing particles not with adverbs ending in -o (-e). Consistent use

Let's consider the spelling of the particle not- with adverbs ending in -о (-е). The role of the particle not in the Russian language is manifested in negation and word formation.

1. A particle not with adverbs ending in -o (-e) is written together if a new word with the opposite meaning is formed. Instead, you can substitute a synonym that is not missing. List of adverbs: not bad (the original word is bad); illiterate (the original word is literate); not far (the original word is far). Exceptions are the words: not soon (soon), not in vain (in vain), not by chance (by chance), not on purpose (on purpose).
2. The particle does not attach to indefinite and negative adverbs. Examples: no need (why), nowhere (where).
3. In case the word cannot be used without a particle: absurd, accidental, careless, unexpected, clumsy, sloppy.
4. If the sentence contains opposition and conjunction but: speak quietly, but expressively.

Separate use

Let's look at another spelling of adverbs in -o (-e):

1. Separate writing occurs if the sentence contains opposition and conjunction a: I thought about it not well, but badly; fly low, not high; visited not often, but rarely; It didn't sound loud, but quietly.
2. If the adverb is associated with the words: far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, etc. Examples: not at all stupid, not at all reliable, not at all late.

Role in a phrase

Collocations with adverbs are found in almost all lexico-grammatical types. Depending on the part of speech that plays the main role, there are: verb, noun and adverbial phrases.

1. In verb phrases, the main role is given to the verb. There are also cases in which the secondary word is the adverb itself. Example: deal with three people, decide fairly.
2. In noun phrases, the main role can be given to several parts of speech. Phrases with adverbs, as secondary members, can include nouns and adjectives. An example of combining a construction with a noun: walking, swimming in Korean. An example of combining a construction with an adjective: unbearably hot, surprisingly sensitive.
3. What occupies the main (and secondary) position in adverbial phrases is no longer in doubt. An example of a construction with two adverbs: very stupid, still not bad. An example of a phrase with one noun: near the park, shortly before the day off, alone with his father.

Adverb and adjective - what's the difference?

An important question when studying adverbs is the question of their similarities and differences with the adjective.

So, how do you distinguish an adverb from an adjective?

Firstly, due to the lack of dependent and definable words. In a verb conjunction, an adverb, as a rule, plays the role of an adverb. An adjective has several dependent words that agree with it. In addition, adjectives are easily omitted, since the prepositions next to them do not belong to them, but to nouns.

Secondly, one adverb with a similar meaning can take the place of another: then - then, in vain - in vain, first - first, etc. Replacement can only be done with another adjective, or other nominal parts of speech: to an empty house - to a free house.

So, we figured out how to distinguish an adverb from an adjective in Russian. The same provisions also apply when it is necessary to distinguish it from a noun, pronoun and numeral. Conjunctions are distinguished by their connecting function between homogeneous members, as well as parts of a complex or whole sentence.

Degrees of comparison

If qualitative adjectives participated in the creation of adverbs, then

Superlative degree and its education

Adverbs have a compound form. As a rule, it combines the comparative degree and two pronouns - everyone and everything.

Qualitative adverbs

The two most important categories of adverbs are called qualitative and adverbial. The first can determine the quality of the action performed (the so-called adverb of action), or a characteristic that is expressed by adjectives.

Let's look at the list of adverbs included in the qualitative category and examples of their use:

• Sing talentedly, grin contemptuously, defend brilliantly, deliberately quietly, spring-like warm, caringly, cautiously, etc.
• Qualitative adverbs often play the role of an epithet, which figuratively reflects the actions of verbs: “The night stood solemnly and regally” (from the story of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev).
• Qualitative adverbs have the power to form subjective assessments, meaning the intensification, diminutiveness, endearment or weakening of the attribute. This form, as a rule, is characteristic of colloquial speech, for example: recently, far, far away, hard, rather bad, etc.

Place of quantitative adverbs inside qualitative ones

Quantitative adverbs, as a subgroup within qualitative ones, mean:

1. The degree or measure of action and sign: to do little, to rush a little, much older.
2. Intensity of action: tie tightly.
3. Accuracy: exactly at midnight, almost a centimeter.

This adverb answers the questions:

• How much?
• How many?
• To what extent?

List of adverbs and examples of their use: three times older, slightly lower, too late, etc. In addition to verbs, nouns can also be defined: almost a teenager, twice awarded, etc.

Adverbs of adverbs

With the help of adverbial adverbs, you can express the circumstance of time, space, reason and purpose. They give explanations to verbs, adjectives and nouns: during the day, in the morning, from ancient times, everywhere, on the right, from ancient times, on purpose, from afar.

Qualitative and adverbial adverbs form another category - qualitative-adverbial, located somewhere in the middle. In this case the following questions are used:

• How?
• How?

These also include adverbs that correlate with numerals and denote comparison and likening. A list of adverbs that fall under the qualitative-adverbial category: crookedly, swimming, out loud, together, five of us, alone, honestly, in your opinion, in my opinion, in a comradely way.

Predicative adverbs or state category

Predicative adverbs are a large group of parts of speech that have a state meaning and act as a predicate. As a rule, such predicates “live” inside impersonal sentences.

The condition applies both to living beings (honestly, sadly, sadly) and to the surrounding world (stuffy, narrow, spacious, rainy). The adverbs it is possible, it is a pity, it is impossible, once (and a number of others) are proper predicative adverbs.

Correct use of adverbs will help make your speech literate and beautiful.

Comparing adverbs of different categories helps to understand the rules of their use both in written and oral speech. Their incorrect use can lead to quite funny situations. In the speech of the older generation, you can find outdated words, as well as words characteristic of certain rural settlements: otudova (instead of there), ikhniy (instead of them), nonche (instead of today), vnutri (instead of inside) and many others.

Many problems can arise when using interrogative and relative adverbs "where". Instead of where, another interrogative and relative adverb is often used - “where”. So, the phrases “Where did she go?” “Where did you go?”, “Where did you go?” change to “Where did you go?”, “Where did you go?” and “Where did you go?”

The situation is the same with the adverb “terribly”: its use does not add any additional expressiveness to our speech, as it might seem at first glance, but, on the contrary, spoils it. This is especially noticeable when using the adverb “creepy” with words that mean something positive: terribly beautiful, terribly beautiful, terribly pleasant, etc. Such phrases have a tinge of slang and mannerisms. Writers usually resort to this technique to add a negative or ironic character to their work and characters.

The adverb “strongly” will not give you anything useful if it is constantly replaced by other important words. For example: “hit hard” (instead of “hit hard”), “had a hard lunch” (instead of “had a big lunch”), “you are well versed in this topic” (instead of “you are well versed in this topic”), etc.

If you want to use these adverbs in speech, then you should take into account their features. Thus, the adverb “strongly” has its place only in descriptions of a person’s thoughts and feelings: you’re thinking hard, you’re really bored, you’re in deep doubt, etc.

It is also worth mentioning tautological phrases in which an adverb appears next to a first-person personal pronoun: “I personally consider this inappropriate”; “I personally don’t care”; “We personally are going to go on vacation”; “I personally think that you are lying now,” etc.

It is known that such an adverb in the Russian language as “tacitly”, formed from the adjective “taciturn”, can replace the gerund silently. A person whose speech contains such substitution will most likely seem illiterate, and his phrases will seem meaningless.

Examples: “She silently walked up to the table and took a book”; “The hunter silently watched the prey”; “The police carried out the search silently,” etc.

Thus, it becomes clear that such disparaging use of adverbs can only spoil our speech. The Russian language is difficult but beautiful, so arm yourself with the knowledge you've acquired and speak and write with confidence!