Dunaeva Anastasia Yurievna Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna and Vladimir Fedorovich Dzhunkovsky: a story of friendship and spiritual communication

September 30, 2015 at the House of Russian Diaspora named after A. Solzhenitsyn held an evening in memory of Vladimir Fedorovich Dzhunkovsky (1865-1938), lieutenant general, Moscow governor, deputy minister of internal affairs and commander of the Separate Gendarme Corps.

Rich in round historical dates, 2015 is the year of the 150th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Fedorovich Dzhunkovsky. Despite such a representative track record, most of us, unfortunately, are not familiar with the name of its owner. Why? The answer is not unequivocal... However, thanks to the organizers of the evening, we have a unique opportunity to fill this significant gap, and, first of all, thanks to the author of a serious scientific work “Police reforms in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century and Vladimir Fedorovich Dzhunkovsky” (M .: United edition of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 2012), based on extensive archival material and for the first time recreating the biography of V.F. Dzhunkovsky, to the candidate of historical sciences Anastasia Dunaeva.

The evening of memory began with the performance of the finale of the Solemn Overture "1812" by P.I. Tchaikovsky.

Viktor Alexandrovich Moskvin, director of the House of Russian Diaspora, spoke about the "historical unconsciousness", alas, characteristic of our society, opening the evening in memory of V.F. Dzhunkovsky. Gradually, Viktor Aleksandrovich expressed hope, thanks to such events, “something will change,” and we will finally begin to learn “the hard lessons of the past.” Dzhunkovsky, continued V.A. Moskvin, played a huge role in the history of Russia, in the history of Moscow, was a like-minded person of P.A. in a completely different way… “History should warn and warn against repeating the terrible events of the early 20th century,” V.A. Moskvin concluded his speech and thanked Anastasia Dunaeva for her contribution to the preservation of our common historical heritage.

A hundred years ago, according to A. Dunaeva, there was not a single person in Moscow and the Moscow province who did not know who Vladimir Fedorovich Dzhunkovsky was! love of all social strata of society. 1912 - the year of the 100th anniversary of the Patriotic War of 1812 - became for the governor the most important in his career and life path in general, since it was he who was entrusted with organizing the celebrations that took place in Moscow and on the Borodino field of the Mozhaisk district of the Moscow province.

On the screen are unique newsreels: the imperial train arrives at the Borodino station, Dzhunkovsky gives a report to Nicholas II, in the background - the Empress, the Grand Duchesses and the heir. Vladimir Fedorovich, explains A. Dunaeva, personally accompanied the tsar to the places of the legendary battle, having previously studied all the details of the disposition of the armies and the conduct of the battle. “Could the respected Governor-General then assume,” the host of the evening asked a rhetorical question, “that in a few years there will be neither the country that he so devotedly served, nor the emperor, and he himself will be shot at the Butovo firing range among the twenty thousand innocently killed by him fellow countrymen - residents of Moscow and the Moscow province!

On the screen are shots from a film about the Butovo training ground - "Russian Golgotha", where tens of thousands of Russian people were shot. Employees of the memorial complex cite horrifying statistics: over 200 officers of the tsarist army were shot during the few months of the site’s existence! on unproven charges of counter-revolutionary activities and buried in a common grave in 1938...

An employee of the Butovo memorial center, Ksenia Fedorovna Lyubimova, who at one time compiled lists of executed priests and handed them over to Patriarch Alexy II, tells about the work with the cases of those executed in Butovo from the screen ...

The highest position in Dzhunkovsky's career, A. Dunaeva continued after watching fragments of the film, was the position of Deputy Minister of the Interior, which he received thanks to the brilliant holding of the Borodino celebrations and his public authority. As the Moscow governor, Vladimir Fedorovich "revived the trust of the people in power", helped those in need with specific deeds and was guided in his work by the principles of Christian mercy. Without deviating from the letter of the law, without using his official position for his own benefit, Dzhunkovsky acquired colossal authority. The reforms of P.A. Stolypin, especially the agrarian reform, carried out under the leadership of V.F. Dzhunkovsky, contributed to the economic recovery. Nicholas II assessed the governorship of Vladimir Fedorovich as "brilliant and exemplary." Seeing Dzhunkovsky from the post of governor-general, the author of the monograph adds, became a sincere, touching act of farewell to the population from their head: Vladimir Fedorovich was presented with a large number of memorable addresses, gifts, many kind words were said ...

The post of deputy minister of internal affairs, A. Dunaeva continued, “was not quite to Dzhunkovsky’s liking,” he had to head both the general police and the political one. The murder of Stolypin "was not an accident" - it was the result of the negligent attitude of the officials of the Kyiv "okhrana" to their duties, a direct violation of the official instructions. VF Dzhunkovsky had to introduce the idea of law-abidingness into the political wanted list.

He urged to remember the honor of the gendarme uniform as a military uniform and even remembered the covenant given by Nicholas I to the chief of the gendarmes A.Kh. Benkendorf "wipe the tears of the unfortunate." The idea of military honor was to become fundamental in the activities of both the gendarmerie, and especially the security structures. In addition, VF Dzhunkovsky set as his task to improve the legal culture of the ranks of the search.

The new commander of the Gendarme Corps begins to “put things in order”: he controls financial expenses, fights preventive arrests and unreasonable searches, prohibits the recruitment of schoolchildren, soldiers and sailors (he believes that in the army a soldier should not report on a soldier, and a sailor on a sailor). A. Dunaeva studied in detail the consequences of the abolition of internal agents in the army and navy and refuted the opinion that this innovation by V.F. Dzhunkovsky was fatal for the state security of the Russian Empire.

With his activities, the new deputy minister caused a lot of dissatisfaction among the leaders of the security departments, but since he enjoyed the patronage of Nicholas II, he "was out of reach for intrigues." When Dzhunkovsky was forced to report Rasputin's scandal at the Yar restaurant, the empress expressed dissatisfaction with his search activities, and soon Vladimir Fedorovich was removed from his post ...

Remaining a faithful son of his fatherland, Dzhunkovsky went to the active army. And there, Anastasia Dunaeva stressed, this amazing person earned the well-deserved respect and love of his lower ranks, thereby proving that the combat capability of a military unit directly depends on the attitude of the commander towards the soldiers, and not at all on the presence of internal agents from the lower ranks. To the last, the presenter adds, Dzhunkovsky maintained the combat capability of the corps entrusted to him, and at the beginning of 1918 he retired with the rank of lieutenant general.

VF Dzhunkovsky survived the revolutionary tribunal in Moscow in 1919, during which the inhabitants of the Moscow province came to defend their former governor, thanks to which they saved his life.

After being imprisoned in the Taganskaya prison, from November 1921, V.F. Dzhunkovsky lived in Moscow with his sister Evdokia Fedorovna. A few years before his last arrest, the author of the monograph continued, Vladimir Fedorovich managed to finish his "colossal work" - multi-volume memoirs. The archive of Dzhunkovsky, explains A. Dunaeva, consists of more than a thousand items of storage, 200 of which are photographic materials, including unique photographs depicting the preparation and conduct of the Borodino celebrations of 1912.

As a result of what, then, such a person was formed, who put the interests of the state above his own, showed the principles of a Christian attitude towards people in positions that seemed to be incompatible with Christian morality? The answer to this question was the story of A. Dunaeva about the family of V.F. Dzhunkovsky, about grandfather Stepan Semenovich - an outstanding scientist and economist, about the family motto of the Dzhunkovskys "To God and neighbor", about friendship with Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. Until the last days, the author of the study adds, Vladimir Fedorovich kept in his heart the bright image of this amazing married couple, the image of the beautiful Elizabeth Feodorovna, who played a huge role in his fate, in his Christian consciousness ...

Many more interesting facts of the biography of VF Dzhunkovsky were heard at the evening of his memory.

The speech of L.A. Golovkova, researcher of the Department of Contemporary History of the Church of the Orthodox St. Tikhon Humanitarian University, compiler of the multi-volume book of memory “Butovo Polygon”, was devoted to the materials of the investigation cases of V.F. Dzhunkovsky in 1921 and 1937. Lidia Alekseevna especially emphasized that in Soviet Russia V.F. Dzhunkovsky remained a Christian, who to the end with dignity carried his cross.

The head of the sector for the restoration of the rights of rehabilitated victims of political repressions of the Committee of Public Relations of the City of Moscow, MN Suslova, took part in the memorial evening, supporting the proposal of the organizing committee of the evening to name one of the streets of Moscow after V.F. Dzhunkovsky.

In the hall were members of the Society of Descendants of Participants of the Patriotic War of 1812, as well as descendants of V.F. Dzhunkovsky’s relatives O.V. Savchenko, T.A. Kulikova, M.M. Dzhunkovsky-Gorbatov.

The author and the audience were welcomed by the performer of romances Yuri Fedorishchev and Marina Drozdova, who accompanied him, the famous poetess and public figure Nina Vasilievna Kartasheva. At the end of the evening, “Vocalise” by the honored worker of arts of the Russian Federation, composer Yuri Dunaev was performed by the author - a performance dedicated to the memory of V.F. Dzhunkovsky.

Irina Silence

Photo by Kotina Yu

Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, Grand Duchess
Elizaveta Fedorovna and Vladimir Fedorovich Dzhunkovsky:
history of friendship and spiritual communication

Moscow Governor, His Majesty's Retinue, Major General V.F. Dzhunkovsky
(GA RF. F. 826. Op.1. D. 890. L. 6, 19.)

Vladimir Fedorovich Dzhunkovsky (1865 - 1938) was an outstanding statesman of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. He is known to historians as the governor of Moscow (1905 - 1912), deputy minister of internal affairs and commander of the Separate Corps of Gendarmes (1913 - 1915), and also as the author of multi-volume memoirs - a kind of chronicle of late imperial Russia. Dzhunkovsky's memoirs cover the period from 1865 to 1917. Memoirs for 1905-1915 were published in 1997. However, a very interesting period of Vladimir Fedorovich's life associated with his formation as a statesman remained outside the scope of this two-volume edition. From 1892 to 1905, Dzhunkovsky acted as adjutant to the Moscow Governor-General, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, and constantly communicated with both the Grand Duke and his wife, Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna. Dzhunkovsky's memoirs, as well as his correspondence with his sister Evdokia Fedorovna, allow one to penetrate into the world of friendly communication that has developed between Vladimir Fedorovich and the grand ducal couple, to see those informal episodes of this communication that best characterize the personalities of its participants.

It should be said that the Dzhunkovsky family was officially recorded in the Noble Book of the Poltava province only in 1845. Under the coat of arms, the motto was written in Latin - "Deo et Proximo", which means "To God and the Neighbor". The motto of the Dzhunkovsky family in an abbreviated form reproduced the two main commandments left by the Savior.

“This motto,” wrote Vladimir Fedorovich, “my parents carefully kept in their hearts and followed it throughout their lives, trying to educate us in the same spirit, and if any of us did not observe it in all strictness, then this is our fault. no longer our parents, but ourselves.”

The family motto was organically supplemented by the commandments of the Knights of Malta, on which he was brought up in His Imperial Majesty's Corps of Pages, an elite military educational institution where Vladimir Fedorovich received his education.

Service as an aide-de-camp to the Moscow governor-general, the instructions that Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich gave him, allowed Vladimir Fedorovich not only to develop administrative abilities, but also to realize the motto of the clan. In the future, in the activities of Dzhunkovsky, in his attitude towards his subordinates and the population, there was always Christian mercy, the desire for a moral justification of his powers of authority. It seems that in this sense he was also influenced by communication with the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess, those examples of a merciful attitude towards his neighbor, which he could observe in relation to himself.

In 1884, after graduating from the Corps of Pages, Vladimir Fedorovich was released into the Preobrazhensky Regiment, commanded by Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Relations with the regiment commander and his wife, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, developed well. Subordination on the part of Dzhunkovsky in relation to them as representatives of the Royal House was never violated, however, these relations later grew from official to friendly.

Elizaveta Feodorovna struck Dzhunkovsky with her beauty even during her wedding with Grand Duke Sergei in 1882, when he accompanied her carriage as a page.

“Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna was charming, she spoke with everyone with such attention, so captivated with her beauty, grace, with amazing modesty and simplicity, that it was impossible to look at her except with admiration,” recalled Vladimir Fedorovich. In his archive, a poem by the poet K.R. :

I look at you, admiring every hour.
You are so unspeakably good!
Oh, right under such a beautiful exterior
Such a beautiful soul!

in Ilyinsky. Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna, surrounded by the faces of their retinue.
Right: V.S. Gadon (standing), V.F. Dzhunkovsky (sitting), Count F.F. Sumarokov-Elston.
To the left of the Grand Duke is Princess Z.N. Yusupov. (GA RF. F. 826. Op.1.D. 889.L.2.)

Dzhunkovsky's position could have changed significantly as early as 1886, when he was first hinted at the possibility of becoming an aide-de-camp to Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Bowing to the Grand Duke on the occasion of leaving on vacation, he unexpectedly received an invitation to stop by for a few days at Ilinskoye, and the Grand Duke took his word from him to telegraph to send horses for him. Dzhunkovsky, not without embarrassment, drove up to the estate and felt very embarrassed at first, from excitement he spilled vodka on the tablecloth during dinner, despite the fact that the atmosphere in which he found himself was the most friendly. Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna said that she had already been waiting for him all these days. Gradually, thanks to the naturalness with which the grand ducal couple behaved, his stiffness passed. “I was struck by the simplicity with which Their Highnesses behaved, from the very first evening I did not feel not only fear, but also any embarrassment, everything was so simple, family, no one got up when the Grand Duchess or Grand Duke passed, just like in a simple family house, even simpler than in other aristocratic houses. I was always struck by the special simplicity that was characteristic of the members of the imperial house outside of official receptions, ”recalled Vladimir Fedorovich.

During his stay in Ilyinsky, Professor V.P. Bezobrazov, a former teacher of political economy at the Grand Duke, asked Dzhunkovsky how he would react to the proposal to become the adjutant of the Grand Duke, "because, in essence, this position is unpleasant, lackey."

“I answered,” Dzhunkovsky wrote, “that I would consider it a great honor if the choice fell on me<…>that you can bring a lot of benefits by occupying such a position that everything depends on yourself, you just don’t need to lose your self and behave with dignity, then the position of adjutant will be far from being a lackey. Bezobrazov's words made a strong impression on him and made him think that his peace of mind was disturbed by these thoughts. “On the one hand, this kind of appointment flattered my pride, on the other hand, it was terribly painful for me to leave the military service in the regiment, which I more than liked, which I was fond of and found satisfaction in regimental life,” he recalled.

Subsequently, it turned out that the Grand Duke really had such thoughts, and that is why Dzhunkovsky was invited to Ilinskoye. However, at the same time, Countess Tizenhausen asked for her nephew Count Sumarokov-Elston, who was appointed to this position. “I think it saved me. If I then, at such a young age, would have been appointed adjutant, - Dzhunkovsky wrote, - then nothing decent would have come of me. I didn’t know life at all then, and court life would have captured me in everything.<…>she would suck me. And I thank God that this did not happen then.

On February 9, 1891, the Grand Duke was appointed Governor-General of Moscow. On the day of the surrender of the regiment, he gave an order in which he said goodbye to the regiment and "surprisingly cordially, not stereotyped, thanked everyone for their service." Dzhunkovsky expected to be appointed to the post of adjutant of the governor-general, since throughout his entire service he enjoyed great attention from the Grand Duke.

However, the proposal followed only at the end of December. Moreover, before agreeing, Vladimir Fedorovich turned to the Grand Duke with a request to receive his mother's blessing. “The Grand Duke treated me like a family,” he recalled, “and touched me very much, saying that without the blessing of my mother I should not decide anything.<…>As a result, my mother blessed me for this step. On December 14, 1891, the Supreme Order on the appointment of Dzhunkovsky took place. The lower ranks of the company in which Vladimir Fedorovich served blessed him with the image of St. Vladimir. Dzhunkovsky received a reception from Emperor Alexander III, who asked him to convey his regards to his brother. Empress Maria Feodorovna also expressed her pleasure at his appointment. But Vladimir Fedorovich himself was restless in his soul, it seemed to him that he had betrayed the regiment, the new life was embarrassing with complete uncertainty.

December 26, 1891 Dzhunkovsky arrived in Moscow. Right from the station, he went to bow to the icon of the Iberian Mother of God on Red Square. Then he went to Neskuchnoye, the residence of the Grand Duke, who, according to Vladimir Fedorovich, “moved him to tears,” accepting him as his own. “He hugged me, kissed me, saying that he was very happy to see me at his place, sat me down and talked with me for half an hour, asking with the most cordial participation about everything: how I parted with the regiment, how I left my loved ones, how my mother’s health and etc.,” Dzhunkovsky recalled. At about one in the afternoon, an invitation to the Grand Duchess followed, who also accepted him as her own.

“She was surprisingly sweet and attractive,” Vladimir Fedorovich wrote in his memoirs, “it seemed to me that she had become even prettier. At breakfast she seated me next to her.

In Neskuchny at that time lived the nephews of Sergei Alexandrovich - Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna and Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich. The Grand Duke treated them "as the most tender, loving father, and he and the Grand Duchess surrounded the children with the most touching cares."

Dzhunkovsky made a detailed plan of his new apartment for his elder sister Evdokia Fedorovna, for which she thanked him in a letter dated February 18, 1892, and added: “Forgive me that I have not yet fulfilled your order about the photo of V. Kn. El. Fed. “I will do it today.”

in Ilyinsky. The interior of Evdokia Feodorovna's room.
Portrait of V.F. Dzhunkovsky, written by Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. (GA RF. F. 826. Op. 1. D. 1009. L. 29.)

On January 5, having come to dinner at 8 pm, Dzhunkovsky was very embarrassed, seeing only three devices, it turned out that Stenbock, Gadon and Stepanov had left for the English Club, and Princess Trubetskaya went to her sister. “I thought if I had made a faux pas that I hadn’t gone somewhere either, and when Their Majesties went into the dining room, I apologized that I didn’t know that everyone had left,” Vladimir Fedorovich recalled. - The Grand Duke, noticing my embarrassment, said very affectionately: “On the contrary, it’s very good that you stayed, at least we are not alone.” But still, having dinner with the three of us, I was somehow embarrassed<…>". After dinner, the Grand Duke went to study in his office. Dzhunkovsky was left alone with the Grand Duchess. “I was extremely shy, it seemed to me that maybe she wanted to either read a book or write a letter, but because of me she sits and works,” he wrote in his memoirs. - Due to my embarrassment, I did not know where to start the conversation, and we were silent for a while. But then she spoke, began to remember England, and told me a lot about life in England that was completely new and extremely interesting to me, about her grandmother, Queen Victoria, and so on. The two hours that I sat with the Grand Duchess doubly passed unnoticed. Then the Grand Duke came, tea was served and soon dispersed.

Court secular life and the routine duties of an adjutant never attracted Vladimir Fedorovich. “Such a monotonous idle life far from satisfied me and weighed me down very much, which did not escape the Grand Duchess and the sensitive Grand Duke, who always looked for some assignment for me so that I would not be so sad.<…>they often wondered why I was dissatisfied.<…>then they got used to the idea that a real courtier would never come out of me, that I would always look into the forest, and they no longer struggled with this, but on the contrary tried to make life easier for me in this regard, ”he recalled.

From the very beginning of his service, the Grand Duke gave Dzhunkovsky special assignments in which he could prove himself as an administrator and organizer, and when describing each such assignment, Vladimir Fedorovich noted how happy he was to escape from the court environment. The first task was directly related to helping the near and national disaster - the famine relief campaign of 1891-1892.

Already in February 1892, Dzhunkovsky was sent to the Saratov province as an authorized representative of the Committee of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna for the distribution of assistance among the starving.

Dzhunkovsky was supposed to visit the counties affected by crop failure, check the needs on the ground, and distribute the assistance sent from the Committee.

Evdokia Feodorovna wrote to him on February 23, 1892: “Druzhok, Vadyusha, we beg you, take care of your health, think about your dear mother all the time, who, of course, will mentally accompany you everywhere and worry about your health. - Of course, Vadyusha, each of us should be happy to help our neighbor, and you can undoubtedly bring a lot of benefits, but it’s hard for us to let you out of the house, not to equip you for the journey. The blessing of the Lord be upon you; pray to the Lord and we will pray for you every minute<…>Bring a warm sweatshirt and warm clothes in general, this is necessary. Take your mattress with you."

Dzhunkovsky successfully fulfilled the assignment given to him. Approval of this trip was expressed to him by his elder brother Nikolai: “I think that you have fulfilled the assignment given to you in the best possible way to distribute money, bread and hay<…>because I know your attitude to every task entrusted to you, and since actions are animated by love for the task, it will be good.

December 14, 1892 marked exactly one year since the appointment of Dzhunkovsky as adjutant to the Grand Duke, and it was the day he was on duty. "<…>when I entered the office to report on the arrival of Prince Shcherbatov, - he wrote in his memoirs, - the Grand Duke told me that he congratulated himself on the anniversary of my appointment to him. These words confused me and moved me to tears, I was completely at a loss.

The confidence of the Grand Duke was manifested in the fact that he instructed Dzhunkovsky to look after his nephews Maria and Dmitry in Ilyinsky when he himself was away. “Of course, I could not even think of refusing,” he recalled, “knowing that children are the most precious thing in life for the Grand Duke, he always trembled over them like that.” In a letter dated July 22, 1893, Dzhunkovsky reported: “I was very happy that I could personally congratulate her (Maria Pavlovna - A.D.) and hand over your doll and watering can. If you saw her delight at the sight of a doll with a mass of clothes, she immediately wanted to take everything off, change her clothes and kept saying very pretty<…>I am terribly happy that I stayed with the children.

E.F. Dzhunkovskaya and her pupil Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna. 1908 (GA RF. F. 826. Op.1. D. 917. L. 19.)

Trust was also given to Dzhunkovsky's sister Evdokia Fedorovna. In November 1895, she was asked to become the tutor of Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna. And although Evdokia Feodorovna, who was also officially considered the maid of honor of their majesties the empresses, was loaded with her work in the Evgeniev community of the sisters of mercy of the Red Cross, she could not refuse. In a letter to her brother, she conveyed the story of one of the court ladies: “Yesterday I was with the Empress and the Sovereign asked me what were the children of Pavel Alex.? - I answered that I had not yet been and I was afraid to go there, I heard a new personality there with children - a stranger. - To this the Sovereign said: “Do not be afraid, go and you will see what kind of softness this is, there will not be such a second one, she will positively be a mother - everyone loves her terribly.” Vadyusha, I'm just scared - such reviews! Help me Lord!”

In a letter to her brother dated August 20, 1896, Evdokia Fedorovna quoted from a letter from the Grand Duke sent to her from abroad: “Dear Evd. F., I just received your sweetest letter. Alas! the last from Ilyinsky, and from the bottom of my heart I thank you for everything so touchingly presented in it! I am infinitely glad that you fell in love with Baby (Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna - A.D.) and that she treats you so trustingly. Your wife thanks you from the bottom of her heart for your letter.<…>Be so kind as to write to me sometimes - if you knew how you would please me with this. Heartfelt tribute to your brother<…>» .

Brother and sister have earned universal respect and love due to their conscientiousness, seriousness and deep religiosity.

General sympathy was especially pronounced during the unexpected illness of Vladimir Fedorovich - rheumatism of the knee joint, due to which in the spring of 1894 he was forced to spend more than one week sitting in an armchair or lying down. On May 29, Dzhunkovsky received a "huge bouquet of lilies of the valley" from the Grand Duchess. May 31 - 3 bouquets of lilies of the valley and one of the cornflowers. The Grand Duke hung funny pictures in Ilyinsky in Dzhunkovsky's room so that he would not be bored lying there. “What an attentive Grand Duchess that she sent lilies of the valley,” Evdokia Feodorovna wrote on June 2, 1894, and in the next letter she added: “And how the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess are attentive to you, but it cannot be otherwise.” “The Queen of Greece asked about you, about your health, she was sorry that you were sick,” the sister reported on July 27. - And to my answer that Their Highnesses were so merciful to the brother and surrounded him with attention, the queen said: “Your brother is so loved and appreciated by everyone that this cannot be otherwise.” Here, my dear, they give you your due. Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich shared his opinion about her brother with Evdokia Feodorovna: “I love your brother terribly (like everyone else), he is so cute<…>here is Vel. Book. I visited him every day, I regret that I could not spend whole days with him, he is so good. Bow down to him."

In 1894, Vladimir Fedorovich's mother, Maria Karlovna, fell seriously ill. Dzhunkovsky visited her in St. Petersburg and even invited Fr. John of Kronstadt to pray at her bedside, after which Maria Karlovna felt much better. The Grand Duke and Grand Duchess showed a lively participation in his personal misfortune. “The Grand Duchess met me so joyfully, she said that she was so happy that my mother was recovering, that she kept thinking about her, and if she weren’t afraid to be annoying, she would send dispatches every day,” Dzhunkovsky wrote in his memoirs. “The Grand Duke was also touching, asking the most detailed details about the state of my mother’s health.”

In his memoirs, Vladimir Fedorovich cited two letters from the Grand Duke to him, "serving as evidence of his unusually sensitive soul." On May 16, 1895, the Grand Duke wrote to him:

"Dear Vladimir Fedorovich,
Today I received both your letters and I sincerely thank you for them.<…>I want you to know that there is a person who wholeheartedly sympathizes with your grief and who prays for you that the Lord will help and comfort you. The wife sends her heartfelt regards.<…>God bless you. Your Sergei.

Nina Vasilievna Evreinova

Vladimir Fedorovich could fully feel the heartfelt support of the grand ducal couple in 1897, when he was going through a serious spiritual drama connected with his personal life. Dzhunkovsky fell in love with Nina Vasilievna Evreinova, who came from the well-known merchant family of the Sabashnikovs. The famous pianist N.G. Rubinstein spoke of her like this: “This young lady has three dowries - talent, beauty and wealth, so long as they do not interfere with each other.” However, her marriage to Alexei Vladimirovich Evreinov, in which four children were born, was not happy. The meeting with Dzhunkovsky took place in 1893. The friendship that initially arose between them grew into a strong feeling, and raised the question of choice, which caused a strong internal struggle.

At the beginning of 1897, the lovers decided to part for a year in order to cool down and calmly make a decision, which we can judge from Evdokia Fedorovna’s letter dated January 18, 1897: “May the Lord give you the strength to endure the test - it seems to me that such a decision is the best - the year will show you everything - and the Lord will arrange everything for the better. The topic of official divorce and remarriage of Nina Vasilievna with Vladimir Fedorovich is constantly present in the letters of his sister in 1897. Evdokia Fedorovna believed that divorce would not bring them happiness. “Others may not have the reproaches of the divorced conscience,” she wrote to her brother on January 10, 1897, “but you are both such believers. Will you be completely happy - I tell this only to you, my Vadya - I tell you alone what I think.

On January 13, 1897, Evdokia Fedorovna informed her brother that Nina Vasilievna was praying for him, and added: “You write that Vel. Book. Like a brother - so you told him;<…>Vadya, don't lose heart. You have not done anything criminal, and the Lord will arrange everything for the better.

In a letter dated February 19, 1897, she wrote to the Grand Duke: “Thank you for the information about my brother - I am very, very sorry for his moral suffering.<…>It is terribly hard for both of them not to write to each other now, but it seems to me that it is better this way. “It is a great comfort to me to know that Your Highness understood my brother and treat him cordially.” The letter dated April 28 is also filled with gratitude: “Your Highness, I cannot find words to express to you how deeply I feel everything you have done for my brother. I know what prompted you to appoint him on this business trip - I thank you and the Grand Duchess for your kind and cordial relations with him. God grant that the work entrusted to him makes him seriously engage - work and activity are the best means in his moral state.

Indeed, the new business trip was completely unexpected for Dzhunkovsky - he was to lead the medical detachment of the Iberian community of sisters of mercy, equipped by the Grand Duchess from the Russian Red Cross Society. A detachment of 19 people was supposed to organize a hospital to help the Turkish wounded in the theater of the Greco-Turkish war. The new assignment was in full accordance with the generic motto of the Dzhunkovskys "God and neighbor."

Evdokia Fedorovna wrote to her brother on April 24, 1897: “Here is your fate to work in my dear Red Cross<…>I bless you on a journey, on a good deed - in a good hour - a happy journey! Write everything to your friend and sister. And the next day - the day of departure - the sister served a prayer service for travelers in the Znamenskaya Church of Tsarskoye Selo and admonished the brother: “The Lord sends you to such an activity in which you can bring many, many benefits to your neighbor - and I am sure that you will fulfill your duty » .

Farewell to the Grand Duke and Grand Duchess was very cordial. "<…>I went to Their Highnesses, first to the Grand Duchess, and then to the Grand Duke, I received a pattern from them, and the Grand Duke gave me 2 dozen wonderful silk shirts, which he made for himself when he went to war in 1877 and which he only once or two put on, completely new, - Dzhunkovsky recalled. -<…>I wore them during the last world war, and now, when I write these lines, I still have one of them, I keep it as a dear memory. This parting greatly excited Vladimir Fyodorovich, he could not utter a word all the way to the station. “The way they said goodbye to me, it was possible to say goodbye only to the closest, dearest,” he wrote in his memoirs.

In Turkey, Vladimir Fedorovich continued to receive letters from his sister. On May 23, 1897, Evdokia Fedorovna wrote to him: “I am reading and re-reading your lines<…>. Take care of yourself, I'm afraid that, taking care of others, you completely forget yourself. “You cannot imagine how V. Kn. Eliz. F. praised you in front of the Empress. It was so gratifying to listen to, because. these were not empty words!” she continued further.

At the conclusion of his official report, Vladimir Fedorovich wrote that thanks to the concerted efforts of the entire detachment, he had not only to fulfill his direct task, but also to bring awareness of the height of Christian help among the Muslim population.

The meeting with Their Highnesses was joyful and touching. The Grand Duke, not waiting for him in Ilyinsky, went to meet Dzhunkovsky's crew along the road. “He hugged me,” Vladimir Fedorovich recalled, “he was terribly sweet, he said that he was so afraid for me that he was so glad that I returned healthy.” On January 1, 1898, Vladimir Fedorovich once again specially thanked the Grand Duke in a letter. “The past year began so painfully for me,” he wrote, “and all of it was very difficult for me morally, and only thanks to Your Highnesses could I live it so relatively easily.<…>Your participation in me, in everything that I experienced last spring, will remain until the end of my life the most precious memories and proof of your infinitely cordial attitude towards me. May the Lord reward you and help me prove my devotion to you. My assignment to the theater of war with a detachment of the Red Cross saved me from melancholy and despair, made me wake up, forget for a while my personal suffering.

However, he did not manage to solve the problem that tormented him in the way he desired. Dzhunkovsky mentions in his memoirs that he received news in Turkey from the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, who met Nina Vasilievna in Paris, which was a great joy for him. We can only judge how events unfolded in Paris during and after the business trip from Evdokia Feodorovna's letters. The sister mentioned the conversation between Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna and Nina Vasilievna in a letter to her brother dated September 7, 1897 from the resort town of Saint-Jean de Luz in France, where Evreinova was also resting at that time: “... about the arrival of A.V. N.V. does not know whether he will come here or to Paris. He writes to children. N.V., as I wrote to you, is much calmer, physically healthy, she talks about the future, that she hopes to achieve freedom - but knowing A.V. about divorce, she believes that he will never give her. N.V. she told me that V. Kn. she said that he would surely give if she demanded; but N.V. told me, V. Kn. she says so because she has no children - I will never part with children. Now she is satisfied with the general home system, the children are healthy, cheerful, cheerful with classes, everything is going well.

The divorce of Nina Vasilievna from her husband did not take place. In 1903, Alexei Vladimirovich died, but for some reason, Nina Vasilievna no longer wanted to marry. However, the friendly relations between Vladimir Fedorovich and Nina Vasilievna continued until her emigration to France in 1922. After her departure, they maintained a correspondence. Moreover, Vladimir Fedorovich always touchingly took care of Nina Vasilievna, helped her children. Evreinova's granddaughter, Nina Raush de Traubenberg, recalled that he was a kind of guardian angel for her grandmother, which was happiness for her and for the whole family.

Since 1901, Vladimir Fedorovich was involved in the new for him activities of the Moscow Metropolitan Guardianship of People's Sobriety.

Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich entrusted the post of deputy chairman to Dzhunkovsky, telling him at the same time: “I know how you always crave work<…>all the work will be on you<…>this appointment is quite compatible with your position as an adjutant with me, and I do not lose you in this way. People's houses, tea houses, Sunday schools and hospitals, which were under the jurisdiction of Dzhunkovsky, provided the people with healthy and cheap food, enlightened the inhabitants of Moscow, and provided assistance to the sick. The administrative and economic experience gained in this post (Dzhunkovsky oversaw the work of 13 people's houses) allowed him to confidently take the office of governor.

Changes in his career followed the tragic death of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. In his memoirs, Dzhunkovsky cited the last letter of the Grand Duke dated January 1, 1905, a month before his death: “Dear Vladimir Fedorovich, you deeply touched my wife and me, blessing us with the icon of the Guardian Angel, which, of course, will always be with us. Good relations are always especially felt in difficult moments: such is the present. Thank you from the bottom of my heart. I hug. Your Sergey. January 1, 1905".

Dzhunkovsky, as usual, worked in the Office of the Guardianship when he was informed of the murder of the Grand Duke. Taking the first available cab, he rushed to the Kremlin. “It is difficult to describe the sad picture that presented itself to my eyes,” he wrote in his memoirs, “complete silence around, few people, soldiers and officers carry something covered with a soldier’s overcoat, which the Grand Duchess holds with a calm face. Around the face of the retinue and a few strangers. I ran up, took the hand of the Grand Duchess, kissed it and, holding on to the stretcher, wandered after them.

The Grand Duchess received many letters, which she entrusted Dzhunkovsky to read. “All the mail came to me,” he recalled, “I put aside letters from relatives and friends, which I handed over immediately, and opened other letters and reported their contents; then, on behalf of the Grand Duchess, I answered them, why not a single letter remained unanswered. But, unfortunately, there were also such letters that I directly burned without reporting, these letters, almost all anonymous, were full of curses against the late Grand Duke, and in some there were threats against the Grand Duchess. I did not leave the palace all the time before the funeral, and throughout the day they brought me various items from the clothes of the Grand Duke, as well as particles of his body, bones.<…>All this was put together by me, things were transferred to the Grand Duchess, and the particles of the remains were placed in a metal box and placed in a coffin.

Elizaveta Feodorovna struck Dzhunkovsky with her beauty even during her wedding with Grand Duke Sergei in 1882, when he accompanied her carriage as a page.

I look at you, admiring every hour.
You are so unspeakably good!
Oh, right under such a beautiful exterior
Such a beautiful soul!

in Ilyinsky. Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and Grand Duchess Elizaveta Feodorovna, surrounded by the faces of their retinue.
Right: V.S. Gadon (standing), V.F. Dzhunkovsky (sitting), Count F.F. Sumarokov-Elston.
To the left of the Grand Duke is Princess Z.N. Yusupov. (GA RF. F. 826. Op.1.D. 889.L.2.)

“She was surprisingly sweet and attractive,” Vladimir Fedorovich wrote in his memoirs, “it seemed to me that she had become even prettier. At breakfast she seated me next to her.

in Ilyinsky. The interior of Evdokia Feodorovna's room.
Portrait of V.F. Dzhunkovsky, written by Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. (GA RF. F. 826. Op. 1. D. 1009. L. 29.)

Dzhunkovsky was supposed to visit the counties affected by crop failure, check the needs on the ground, and distribute the assistance sent from the Committee.

E.F. Dzhunkovskaya and her pupil Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna. 1908 (GA RF. F. 826. Op.1. D. 917. L. 19.)

Brother and sister have earned universal respect and love due to their conscientiousness, seriousness and deep religiosity.

In his memoirs, Vladimir Fedorovich cited two letters from the Grand Duke to him, "serving as evidence of his unusually sensitive soul." On May 16, 1895, the Grand Duke wrote to him:

Nina Vasilievna Evreinova

Since 1901, Vladimir Fedorovich was involved in the new for him activities of the Moscow Metropolitan Guardianship of People's Sobriety.

Dec. 13th, 2010 | 07:28pm

Hello! I am Anastasia Dunaeva, Candidate of Historical Sciences,
email mail [email protected]

Dear friends,
February 26, 2013 Public Relations Committee of the Government of Moscow, Parish of the Church of the Holy New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia in Butovo and the Butovo Memorial Center officially celebrated the 75th anniversary of the execution of V.F. Dzhunkovsky at the Butovo training ground as a day of his memory. See more here

AT September 2012 in the publishing house "Joint edition of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia" published my monograph on
Vladimir Fedorovich Dzhunkovsky, Moscow Governor (1905 - 1912), Deputy Minister of the Interior and commander of the Separate Corps of Gendarmes (1913 - 1915).
The book can be purchased at the publishing house (the price of the publishing house is 330 rubles) at the address: Moscow, Ivanovsky proezd, 18. (on the territory of the park "Dubki"),
phone: 8-499-977-31-16., Viktor Vasilyevich Kirsanov

You can get acquainted with it in the library of the Russian Diaspora House
http://www.domrz.ru/?mod=phpopac&lang=&action=lire.livre&cle_livre=0338533

The book can be purchased here

It is also available here

in 2010 I defended my Ph.D. thesis on the topic
"V.F. Dzhunkovsky: political views and state activity (late 19th - early 20th centuries)" at the Russian State University for the Humanities.

Continued transmission on the radio "Grad Petrov" (2.3)
http://vk.com/wall-1109146_627

Article from the collection "XIV Elizabethan Readings" (Moscow, 2012).
http://ricolor.org/history/mn/romanov/serg_romanov/25_10_12/#_edn6

Publication in the Rodina magazine with V.F. Dzhunkovsky on the cover (210 years of the Ministry of Internal Affairs) - No. 11, 2012
http://www.istrodina.com/rodina_articul.php3?id=4997&n=197

Publication in the magazine "Rodina" No. 8, 2012
http://www.istrodina.com/rodina_articul.php3?id=4882&n=194

I suggest you get acquainted with the publication about the Soviet period in the life of Vladimir Fedorovich Dzhunkovsky.
Magazine "Motherland" 2010 No. 3, S. 105 - 109.
http://istrodina.com/rodina_articul.php3?id=3427&n=155

"FOR THE LORD THE CRUSADER IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO GO WITHOUT THE CROSS..."

Vladimir Dzhunkovsky in Soviet Russia

Photo taken in 1911.

Vladimir Fedorovich Dzhunkovsky - Moscow Governor (1905-1912), Deputy Minister of the Interior and commander of the Separate Corps of Gendarmes (1913-1915) - was a talented administrator who earned the respect and love of the inhabitants of the province; he showed himself as a reformer, heading the political police of the empire.
Having not left Russia after the October Revolution, Vladimir Fedorovich left multi-volume memoirs, in which he not only covered his activities, but also drew an extensive panorama of life in Russia at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries, completing the story with his retirement at the end of 1917.
Dzhunkovsky could not have imagined what great interest the descendants would have that stage of his life when he retired from public affairs.
The Soviet period turned out to be the most difficult and tragic in his fate: he was arrested in September 1918, he survived participation as a witness in the trial of Roman Malinovsky3, the revolutionary tribunal in May 1919, in 1938 he was shot at the Butovo training ground.

But it was not so much the vicissitudes of the life of the “former man” that aroused interest, but rather his alleged cooperation with the bodies of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD and the possible development of the famous operation “Trust” by him. Allegations of such cooperation, not supported by hard evidence, appear not only in the works of fiction writers, but also in the writings of professional historians.
In 2000, T. Gladkov, a writer and popularizer of the history of domestic special services, described in detail the beginning of Operation Trust. According to him, F. E. Dzerzhinsky summoned Dzhunkovsky from the Smolensk province and convinced him that his patriotic duty was to serve the new Russian state. “Time has left no documents that would explain the motives that brought Dzhunkovsky to the service of the Cheka. And the archives are silent, ”says another writer, E. Makarevich, who attributes Dzhunkovsky, allegedly called to the Cheka from his Smolensk estate, both cooperation on technical issues and the development of the Trust and Syndicate-2 operations. However, the archives are not silent, it's just that not all researchers have access to the secret documents of the FSB. At the moment, we have at our disposal the materials of Dzhunkovsky's investigation files for 1921 and 1937, transferred from the FSB to the GARF, and we can restore the chronology of his relationship with the bodies of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD. File P-53985 contains a draft letter to Dzerzhinsky, chairman of the Cheka, from the arrested citizen Vladimir Dzhunkovsky, who was brought from Smolensk on November 4, 1918, where he was held in custody for seven weeks without interrogation or charges. He described his arrest as follows: “Since the beginning of this year, I have been living in Petrograd all the time, not hiding my past service, impeccably referring to all orders of the Soviet government ... I survived all the time of the Red Terror after the murder of Comrade. Uritsky and during this time was neither arrested nor subjected to a search. I decided to go to the Ukraine exclusively in order to take a break from the hardships of Petrograd in the sense of a lack of food supplies and high prices, with the intention of settling with my relatives in the city of Putivl, Kursk province, or in a village in the Poltava province. And if you managed to get a job there with your relatives for the winter, then return for your sister and niece. I had no intention of entering the service in Ukraine, because, firstly, I am a sick person, and secondly, I am primarily Russian, and not an independent, I myself come from the Poltava province, which is why I received a Ukrainian passport, but oh I did not apply for renunciation of Russian citizenship and did not have claims for any benefits of a Ukrainian citizen ... In Orsha, the commission, having looked at my documents, recognized them as correct, but then one employee of the Extraordinary Commission appeared and asked me if my former comrade was a relative . minister. Having received the answer that it was myself, he suggested that I go with things to the Extraordinary Investigative Commission, where I was detained.
At the end of the letter, Dzhunkovsky added: “Everyone who knows me, and almost the entire Moscow province knows me, will confirm that I could make mistakes, but I never lied. He always spoke the truth to everyone's face under the old regime, and has not changed even now under Soviet power.

V.F. Dzhunkovsky. Costumed ball in the Winter Palace. February 1903.

On January 16, 1919, doctors who examined Dzhunkovsky found that he had a degeneration of the heart muscle, general arteriosclerosis, aortic dilation with angina pectoris, and other diseases. They stated that Dzhunkovsky "because of his health is unable to work, and any physical labor can be life-threatening." And on May 5 and 6, 1919, he was tried at the Moscow Revolutionary Tribunal. With a wide announcement by the chairman of the court, J. Kh. Peters, all persons who could show something against him were summoned. The process was open and took place in the hall of the former Merchant Assembly. M. V. Voloshina-Sabashnikova recalled that the appearance of Dzhunkovsky made a great impression: “A long beard, which he had never worn before, and large shining eyes made his face look like an icon-painting face. It radiated majestic calmness. When he entered the hall, he was surrounded by peasants, with whom he cordially greeted. He was given milk, bread, eggs. Answering questions from the court, Dzhunkovsky confirmed that, being a deputy minister of internal affairs, he opposed Rasputin in order to strengthen the royal power, because it would be low and simply mean of him if, while serving the sovereign, he would not want to strengthen his power .
All the witnesses who spoke in court spoke in defense of Dzhunkovsky. A representative of artisans-philistines from the village of Vladimiro-Dzhunkovsky told how Vladimir Fedorovich helped them get land. The village was named after the benefactor. An employee of the Moscow guardianship of people's sobriety claimed that he cared about "good and cheap" food for the people. The actors of the Art Theater said that Dzhunkovsky lifted the censorship ban on the play "Julius Caesar". In his last speech, Dzhunkovsky said: “I came to the revolutionary tribunal with a clear conscience, I leave with a clear conscience and accept any sentence, no matter how severe it may be.” Despite the fact that the judicial investigation did not establish the facts of executions of workers and peasants on the direct orders of Dzhunkovsky, he, being a staunch monarchist, according to the court, was dangerous for the Soviet government in the context of the Civil War. The court sentenced him to imprisonment in a concentration camp until the end of the Civil War without amnesty."
Obviously, for health reasons, Dzhunkovsky was placed in the Taganka prison, where he was in charge of the rabbit-breeding department. According to the memoirs of Prince S. E. Trubetskoy, he enjoyed the exclusive respect of the prison guards. They still remembered his visits to the prison as governor. “It was funny to see how, when the head of the prison passed, the guards casually saluted him (sometimes sitting!), The prince later wrote, “and how these same old-timers pulled themselves into line and clearly saluted Dzhunkovsky, who walked through the prison in his dirty work apron” . In June 1920, due to an aggravated illness, he was placed in the hospital of the city health department with bail to his sister Evdokia Fedorovna.
According to intelligence reports, Dzhunkovsky “daily went for a walk in the city without an escort, went to his sister’s apartment, dined there, attended vigils, visited prominent counter-revolutionary clergy ... he was often visited by dignitaries like Count Tatishchev, Prince Muratov, Sabashnikov M V., Prince Shcherbatov N.S., who serves as the director of the historical museum, generals and people who previously held prominent posts ... Dzhunkovsky conducts very unlimited correspondence, eluding attention due to the use of live mail mainly ... Dzhunkovsky has relations with counter-revolutionary elements that are trying with all their might to undermine the authority of the authorities, enjoys serious authority and can thus give guidance for possible counter-revolutionary machinations.
As a result of the searches carried out at Dzhunkovsky, Samarin and Shcherbatov, nothing was found, but despite this, on February 9, 1921, Dzhunkovsky was again placed in the Taganka prison. On February 18, the Presidium of the Cheka issued a resolution: "... to take into custody to serve further punishment, according to the verdict of the Moscow Revolutionary Tribunal."
On March 23, by order of the Cheka, Dzhunkovsky was transferred to the inner prison of the Special Department of the Cheka, and on April 4 to Butyrka prison. “For what reason I was placed first in the internal prison of the Cheka, and then 12 days later in Butyrskaya, I don’t know, because. nothing was announced to me, and I was not interrogated ... "-
Dzhunkovsky wrote to Samsonov, a member of the Board of the Cheka, on May 21, 1921. By this time, Dzhunkovsky's sentence had already been changed: on November 7, 1920, the Moscow Revolutionary Tribunal replaced the term of his imprisonment - until the end of the Civil War - by five years. On June 3, 1921, a meeting of the Moscow Revolutionary Tribunal was held for his early release on the basis of a decree of March 25, 1921, but the release was temporarily rejected until the suppression of gangs in the Far East.

V. F. Dzhunkovsky during his imprisonment in the Taganka prison (1919-1921).
The portrait is kept by Olga Valentinovna
Savchenko, great granddaughters of 0.F. Gerschelman, sisters of Dzhunkovsky.

On July 2, 1921, the decision of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the release of Dzhunkovsky took place, and on July 4, an order from the Moscow Revolutionary Tribunal with a decision of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was received in the Butyrka prison. The Butyrka prison asked the Cheka if there were any obstacles to his release. The answer was that he could not be temporarily released. “I ask the Moscow Department of Justice very much to find out how I should now be listed, on what rights,” Dzhunkovsky wrote on September 25, 1921 from the Moscow prison hospital, where he was placed on August 31.
On November 28, according to a coupon received by the head of the Butyrka prison, Dzhunkovsky was to be immediately released from arrest “by order of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of November 25. and the order of Comrade Unshlikht dated November 26, 1921.
According to the memoirs of Voloshina-Sabashnikova, before the release of Dzhunkovsky, his deeply religious sister Evdokia Fedorovna heard in a dream the singing of a prayer service with an appeal to three saints, whose names she had never heard before. It was written in the church calendar that these saints are the patrons of the captives, and she sent a prayer to her brother in prison so that he himself could pray to them. On the day of the celebration of these saints, she asked the priest to serve them a prayer service at her home. During this service, Dzhunkovsky entered the room. He was suddenly ordered to pack his things and announced that he was released. “The cab driver who drove him from prison saw that both the highest and lowest prison staff went out of the gate, seeing him off, and asked him along the way: “Who are you that all the staff sees you off with honor?” - "I am Dzhunkovsky." “Are you related to our governor?” —
"I am the most." - "How! The driver stopped the horse and got off the goat. "Let me see you...
With that beard, I wouldn't recognize you for anything. Today I will go around all the tea houses and tell all the cabbies that our governor has been released.
On Easter, April 16, Dzhunkovsky was in the Temple of the Iberian community, and on April 24 he was again summoned to the Lubyanka and interrogated, and in the protocol of interrogation in the column "political convictions" it was written - "monarchist", and in the column "occupation" - " home teacher (now)." To the question: “Have you ever campaigned while reading a poster about the seizure of church valuables?” - Dzhunkovsky answered: “I say in the affirmative that I have never conducted such agitation and I have never been in the crowd.”
On August 16, 1922, on the basis of a warrant from the GPU, a search was carried out in his house. "Various correspondence and photographic cards" were confiscated. The note to the protocol says: “... c. Dzhunkovsky is currently lying with a broken leg of the patient. In January 1923, Sheshkin, an employee of the SO GPU, wrote in his conclusion on the Dzhunkovsky case that, according to intelligence data, he had dealt with counter-revolutionary elements, but the search and investigative development of these data were not confirmed. At a meeting of the Board of the GPU on January 31, they decided to close the case and hand it over to the archive. Thus, the change in the conditions of Dzhunkovsky's detention at the beginning of 1921 and his sudden release in November of the same year was not connected with his participation in Operation Trust, as the American historian R. Robbins suggested in his article. There were real reasons for the tightening of Dzhunkovsky's prison regime, although he himself apparently did not consider socializing with friends and going to church to be counter-revolutionary activities. It is hard to believe that a person who was recognized by the court as a “convinced monarchist” and later suspected of anti-Soviet machinations could be involved in a secret operation. At the same time, the process of his release was going on. The Cheka granted Dzhunkovsky's request to be transferred to solitary confinement and, ultimately, to a prison hospital, that is, it cannot be said that unbearable conditions were created for him.
Until September 25, 1921, Dzhunkovsky knew nothing about his new position. Surveillance and searches after his release indicate that he was not trusted. Despite the loyalty of the Soviet authorities, Dzhunkovsky, still remaining a deeply religious person, of course, could not approve of the closure and destruction of churches, which is indirectly evidenced by a note in his memoirs about the destruction of the church, which he went to as a child with his parents.
In addition, there is evidence of B. I. Gudz, a contemporary of the events who took part in the Trust operation, who, in an interview with N. Dolgopolov, stated: “... if Dzhunkovsky worked for the Trust, Artuzov and Styrna would tell me say this

VF Dzhunkovsky with his niece 0. D. Gerschelman in the last years of his life.
The photo is kept by Olga Valentinovna
Savchenko, great granddaughters 0. F. Gerschelman, sisters of Dzhunkovsky. Reproduced for the first time.

but I never heard of such a thing from them in my life.” The President of the Society for the Study of the History of Domestic Special Services, Doctor of Historical Sciences A. A. Zdanovich, who thoroughly studied the archives of the Trust while working on his doctoral dissertation, also claims that Dzhunkovsky had nothing to do with this operation. There is no mention of Dzhunkovsky in the Trust case. In his secret note from 1932 about this operation, written for internal use, V. A. Styrna also says nothing about consultations or participation of Dzhunkovsky.
In 1922, the woman whom he had loved all his life, Antonina Vasilievna Evreinova, left Russia forever. On March 26, 1923, Dzhunkovsky sent her a postcard with an image of an icon, on which he wrote: “You cannot follow the Lord the Crusader without a cross. What is a cross? All sorts of inconveniences, hardships and sorrows, leaning from without and from within on the path of conscientious fulfillment of the commandments of the Lord in life in the spirit of his prescriptions and requirements. Such a cross is fused with a Christian in such a way that where there is a Christian, there is this cross, and where there is no such cross, there is no Christian. All-round preferential treatment for life's pleasures is not befitting a true Christian. His task is to cleanse and correct himself ... "
Dzhunkovsky also corresponded with A.F. Koni. On January 26, 1927, Vladimir Fedorovich, congratulating Koni on his birthday, wrote: “Dear, highly esteemed Anatoly Fedorovich, I often mentally transfer to you, especially in some difficult moments that you often have to go through now. There are fewer and fewer people with whom one could talk and be understood, and not because they leave, but because rarely anyone does not change and begins to look at things with different eyes.
In the 1920s, Dzhunkovsky gave private French lessons. According to some reports, he served as a watchman in the church29. For more than 10 years, Vladimir Fedorovich worked on his multi-volume memoirs, which in March 1934 were acquired by the Central Museum of Fiction, Criticism and Journalism. At the same time, Dzhunkovsky sold to the museum a well-known portrait of A. S. Pushkin’s daughter Natalya Alexandrovna Pushkina-Merenberg, painted by I. K. Makarov, which is now in the Pushkin Museum-Apartment on
Moika in St. Petersburg. Vladimir Fedorovich maintained friendly relations with M. A. Pushkina-Gartung.
To write his memoirs, Dzhunkovsky used his personal archive, which he collected throughout his life and after the revolution transferred to the Pushkin House for storage.
When the “Academic Case” began in 1929, it was precisely the storage of the Dzhunkovsky archive that served as one of the reasons for accusing S. F. Platonov and his colleagues of anti-Soviet activities. In this regard, two searches were made at Dzhunkovsky's, and he was summoned to the OGPU to testify how his archive got into the Pushkin House.
Evdokia Fedorovna, who dearly loved her younger brother, always cared for him, died on November 8, 1935. After the release of order No. 00447 of July 30, 1937 on the repression of former kulaks, criminals and other anti-Soviet elements, which included former officials of tsarist Russia, the fate of Dzhunkovsky was a foregone conclusion. On the night of December 3-4, 1937, he was arrested on charges of counter-revolutionary activities. During interrogation on December 5, Dzhunkovsky did not hide the fact that he served in the tsarist army and actively fought against the revolutionary movement. However, he pleaded not guilty. The reason for his accusation was the testimony of two janitors of the house on Begovaya Street, where Dzhunkovsky spent his last years, Abdul Khasyanov and Sergei Zhogov. The latter testified that Dzhunkovsky told him: “Well, here, Sergey Afanasyevich, you yourself see what the Bolsheviks brought the people to, to hunger and poverty, but before it was, it’s nice to remember - cheap products, cheap clothes and shoes ... now they are not leaders but the bosses who live on the people's money.
Dzhunkovsky's nieces, N. Shebashova and E. Makarenko, sent a letter to I.V. Stalin, in which they asked to release him, indicating that he had never opposed the Soviet regime, and at present "is ill with angina pectoris and heart disease and needs constant medical supervision and care, he, of course, does not have long to live.
The letter did not reach Stalin. However, the mention in the letter of consultations that Dzhunkovsky gave to the OGPU delayed the inevitable end for some time. Indeed, already on December 19, 1937, an indictment was drawn up with a resolution: “Submit the case for consideration by the “troika”. On December 28, answering the investigator’s question: “When and why were you called to the OGPU - NKVD bodies?”, Dzhunkovsky said: “I was called to the OGPU 3 times, the first time I was called in 1928 to the OGPU officer Andreeva on the issue of the arrivals of foreigners, Andreeva was interested in what was the procedure for the arrival of foreigners before 1917. Moreover, during the conversation with Andreeva, another employee of the OGPU was present (I don’t know his last name, with 4 rhombuses - insignia). The second time I called in 1932 to Andreeva and the same employee, to whom I called in 1928, but I didn’t have a conversation with Andreeva, because she took me to another office to Mikhail Sergeevich (I don’t know his last name) ... my conversation with Mikhail Sergeevich lasted up to 4 hours on the issue of the passport system. The third time I was summoned in 1933 to the OGPU to Mikhail Sergeevich on the issue of the structure of the Ministry of the Interior, where I gave detailed information about the structure of the Ministry of the Interior and on the issue of security when traveling on the emperor's railways. I was no longer called to the OGPU-NKVD.
Memories of the last days of Dzhunkovsky in Butyrka prison were left by the famous writer R.V. Ivanov-Razumnik: “He was a charming old man, lively and cheerful, despite his seventy years, who ironically treated his Butyrka position. During the three days of our neighborhood, he told me so many interesting things about the past days that it would be enough for a whole book. To my great regret, he was taken away from us, where we could not guess. In the absence of any physical evidence, according to the decision of the judicial "troika" of February 21, 1938, Dzhunkovsky was shot at the Butovo training ground on February 26, 1938. There is no separate grave for him.
On the basis of Article 1 of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 16, 1989, Dzhunkovsky was posthumously rehabilitated. On May 8, 1994, the Poklonny Cross was consecrated at the Butovo training ground.
In 2007, Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia blessed the river procession for the transfer from Solovki to Butovo of the Great Cross, made in the Solovetsky Monastery of the Transfiguration of the Savior. This cross was installed next to the Church of the Resurrection of Christ and the Holy New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia. The event had a great public outcry.
On August 8, 2007, on the day of the seventieth anniversary of the start of executions at the Butovo firing range, hundreds of people came to honor the memory of the victims.
Vladimir Fedorovich Dzhunkovsky served Russia with dignity all his life. The cross, consecrated in memory of all the victims of terror, completed the history of his earthly life.

Text and photographs by A. Dunaev, Ph.D. When using a link to the journal is required!

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