Entering school is quite an exciting time for any parent, because their child is moving to a new stage of development and socialization! How exactly will everything go? Will the little one manage to cope with school subjects? Will he be able to adapt to the new environment?

To make everything go smoothly, you can prepare your child for school in advance. Let's take a closer look at when you need to start classes, what exactly they should be, and whether it is worth sending the baby to preparation or you can do it yourself at home.

When to start preparing?

Psychologists say that you can start preparing for school as early as 3.5-4 years old, especially since you have most likely already taken the first steps towards education: you started teaching your baby to read and count.

It is at 3.5-4 years that a bright personality is formed in the child. Of course, he still doesn’t know how much and doesn’t know about everything in the world, bombarding you with questions: “Why?” And How?".

But right now, logical and spatial thinking is actively developing in it and memory is being activated, therefore it is extremely undesirable to miss this fertile period.

Psychological readiness

Any child should be prepared for school not only mentally, but also from the point of view of psychology. This means that everything in it must be in balance, namely:

• personal and social readiness;
• volitional sphere;
• clear motivation for learning.

In other words, the young student should strive to go to school consciously. He must be willing to receive new information, think about this stage of growing up and want to learn how to build relationships in a new team.

What a miracle - school?

First of all, it is worth explaining to the kid what a school is, how it differs from a kindergarten, what the mysterious word “lessons” means in practice, and why it is so important to listen to what the teacher says.

An attempt at visualization

It is necessary to understand the inner feelings of the child and find out how he relates to school. To do this, ask him to draw her in detail and talk about what she is like.

What are the lessons at the school? Are there big changes? Do students get grades and enjoy being there? Let the child tell you what kind of teacher works there - strict or kind, whether he likes her or not.

During the story, you will get answers to your questions: what is the child afraid of, why is he worried, what is he afraid of. All these points should be discussed with him after the story and play out options for getting out of different situations.

You can't be scared!

Do not put pressure on the child psychologically, do not scare him with strict discipline or by scolding him for bad grades. This clearly does not stimulate him to a good perception of the new place of study.

It is better to tell the child that he has to learn a lot of interesting things about the world, and if during this period he encounters difficulties, he can always count on you.

What is school for?

Explain to the kid that his main task will not be to get good grades (although this is important), but to gain new knowledge, which he will use in the future for his own benefit.

For example, he will be able to get a job, get a salary and buy what he wants - that is, to become a truly adult.

Everything at once?

Do not try to stuff your baby with an abundance of information and give him everything at once: knowing a lot does not mean loving to learn. Better develop curiosity and the ability to approach lessons creatively. As a result, the kid will understand that learning is quite exciting and not scary at all.

Independence is the head of everything!

It is very important that the baby mastered such important qualities as responsibility and independence. There is no need to conduct special training for this - this is not an army! It is enough to trust the child with simple tasks and give a chance to cope independently with what he can do.

You can, for example, entrust him with the care of flowers that you buy with him. Discuss with the baby the rules and features of caring for plants and explain what will happen to the flower if it is not watered or hilled.

To keep your little one from forgetting to do this, attach a reminder paper to the fridge.

Praise is the best blessing

Be sure to praise the baby for success, emphasizing the fact that he already knows a lot. Just in no case do not cite other, more “developed” children as an example, so that the baby does not feel not too successful against the background of their achievements.

He must know that if he fails something, he needs to try to do it again.

Going for knowledge: class schedule

So, the psychological preparation of the baby is in full swing, it's time to take on the educational process. To do this, develop in your child perseverance, the ability to live according to a schedule and strict discipline.

Actually, the lessons should be held 5 days a week, and the next two days to rest and frolic.

The class schedule could be, for example:

1. Monday: spelling and reading;
2. Tuesday: drawing and mathematics;
3. Wednesday: math again, spelling again and, as a bonus, an application;
4. Thursday: reading, English (or other foreign language) and modeling;
5. Friday: reading and foreign.

How much to do?

Closer to the age of five, classes in such difficult subjects as mathematics or English should take no more than 20 minutes at home. For other lessons, you can take a little more time - 25 minutes.

At the same time, breaks between lessons need to be reduced: if at first they are large - for an hour, then then it is worth making them twenty minutes. This will help the child learn the material well, without experiencing the stress of restructuring for a new life.

Teaching methodology: how to conduct lessons?

Let's figure out how exactly it is worth teaching a child. Tips for homeschooling toddlers for convenience are illustrated by examples of especially meaningful lessons.

Reading lessons

Once your child has learned the letters and syllables, you can move on to reading so that the entire further preparation process is more successful.

The study of letters should be carried out in alphabetical order, and reading - from acquaintance with small tales. To begin with, the kid can find already studied letters in the text.

Retell what you read to him and ask him to repeat it again, but on his own. To help with the presentation - 3 questions that the baby should briefly answer.

Spelling lessons

Spelling lessons are best done in the same order as reading, so that the assimilation of what has been passed is more successful. As you become familiar with the material, you can move on to reading simple syllables, so that later you can try to write them.

If you stick to these teaching principles, by the age of 5 your child will be able to read and write quite well. A prerequisite is that the child works with notebooks for writing in a ruler, and for mathematics - in a cage.

Math lessons

Learning to count is best done with candy, toys, and family members, but you should first learn whole numbers. Simple tasks in mathematics are also better given on visual material - on the same sweets.

You can also learn numbers in pairs at once: 3 and 4, 5 and 6. The child should not only memorize them, but also try to write them afterwards. Be sure to repeat the material covered the next day, but not for very long - no more than five minutes.

It is better to learn various geometric shapes using the example of the same cookie, which is now available in a variety of forms. Gradually, you will move from "food" to the outline of figures in a notebook.

art lessons

Drawing lessons are an outlet for a child, so they must be carried out. It can be not only creativity in albums, but also appliqué and modeling.

Here you can also study the geometric shapes that we talked about above and draw them in the album.

Teach your child to use paints so that the pictures do not look like blotters of an incomprehensible color. Show how you can shade a drawing with a pencil or master the technique of drawing with crayons.

Foreign language lessons

The key to success in learning a language is the use of vivid pictures and illustrations. It is best if you start learning the language that you yourself studied at school, otherwise you will have to use the services of a tutor.

The lesson can last about 15 minutes, during which you must speak with the baby in a foreign language, accompanying your words with actions. This form of education is considered the most effective for preschool age.

As soon as the lesson comes to an end, reinforce what you have learned by showing a cartoon in a foreign language.

Never, and this is very important, do not prepare the baby for school "out of the blue." Do I need to explain that this will not lead to anything good in the end?

Let's play school

Interest the child, and even better, create a whole educational team around him. For example, invite children of the same age to visit and play school.

schedule requirements

As soon as you see that the baby has achieved some success, gently begin to demand results from him - at first unobtrusively, then more actively. This approach to learning will benefit the baby.

Should I send my child to preparatory courses?

Many parents whose children are approaching the wonderful school time are constantly thinking about how to prepare their child for school at home. Wouldn't it be better to give it to preparatory classes for this?

Calm down, because you yourself can do it - there would only be a desire!

What kind of kids should be given to the courses?

The group of exceptions for which courses will be preferable to home preparation for school include:

1. Toddlers who did not go to kindergarten, mini-centers and any other preschool institutions, since social adaptation has not even begun for them yet.
2. Shy children, and especially when the preparatory classes are taught by the same teachers who in the future will teach them subjects in elementary school.
3. Children who have few friends. In the preparatory lessons, the kids will find real comrades for themselves and, when moving to school, will be able to avoid possible stresses.

If your child is perfectly adapted to society, you can not resort to the help of preparatory groups. Moreover, nowadays in all kindergartens they begin to prepare children for school long before they enter.

Your lessons at home will be a good help for the baby, which will help him prepare for school slowly, interestingly and very effectively.

Parents of future first graders will find answers to the following questions:

What does the concept of “child readiness for school” mean?

What should a child know and be able to enter the school.

How to prepare your child for school.

Do I need to teach my child to read before starting school?

With the help of the proposed test “Is the child ready to go to school”, parents will be able to determine the level of readiness for school of their child. The content of the questions that you answered in the negative will tell you the topics for further studies with the future student.

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How to prepare your child for school?

Previously, a child with a certain amount of knowledge was considered ready for school. Now psychologists and educators say that knowledge is not a goal, but a means of a child's development.

The main thing is not knowledge itself, but the ability to use it, independently obtain it, analyze it.

So The most important element in preparing a child for school is the formation of the ability to learn.Teach your child to consciously subordinate his actions to a general rule (for example, read a book while sitting, keeping a distance of 25-30 cm from the eyes to the book), listen carefully to the speaker and accurately complete this task, show independence, initiative, creativity in any kind of activity.

Expand and deepen your child's understanding of the world.If you do not dismiss the questions that arise in the child, do not fence him off from the surrounding adult life, preparation for school will go naturally and without tension.

Develop the oral speech of the future student.Read children's literature to your child as often as possible; talk with him about the works you read; more often ask your child to retell a fairy tale he just heard or tell about what he saw interesting during a walk.

Turn everyday requests into developmental tasks more often. For example, for a better orientation of a child in space, the following tasks are effective:

— Give me, please, a cup, which is to the right of the plate.

— Find the third book on the top shelf, counting from right to left.

— Say what is in the room behind the chest of drawers, between the chair and the sofa, behind the TV.

Develop fine motor skillsusing modeling, drawing, shading, designing from various parts

lei. The better the hand is developed, the easier it is for the child to learn to write, the faster his intellect develops.

Teach the future first grader to the school regime- Go to bed early and wake up early. Instill in him the habit of observing elementary sanitary and hygienic skills: use a public toilet; wash hands before eating, etc. Teach him to dress himself, fold his things neatly, and keep order.

Encourage your child to have a positive attitude towards school. Try to create a "romantic environment" around school life, where there will be new friends, a wise teacher and a whole range of new experiences and emotions.

Never bully your child with school:“Here you go to school, they will quickly bring you up!”

In order for the child to have the feeling that he is entering a new phase of life, radically change his life: rearrange the child’s room, come up with new household chores for him, etc.

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Should children be taught to read before starting school?

NECESSARY! The earlier a child begins to read, the more he likes to do it and the better he copes with reading.

Scientists give a number of reasons why a child should be taught to read, starting not even from preschool age, but from early childhood:

1. Children are hyperactive, inquisitive. If a child of 3-7 years old is given the opportunity to quench his thirst for knowledge, hyperactivity will decrease, which will protect him from injury and allow him to study the world around him more successfully.

2. Almost all children aged “two to five” have unique abilities, including the ability to absorb knowledge. Everyone knows the ease with which young children memorize new and sometimes even incomprehensible information.

3. Having learned to read at an early age, the child will be able to master much more information,than those of his peers who were deprived of such an opportunity. If he learned to read early, then in the 1st grade he will be able to do the material that is usually given to children aged 8-12.

4. Children who learn to read early have a much better ability to understand.By the time they enter school, they no longer read by syllables, not understanding the meaning of what they read, but expressively, in whole words.

5. The child who learned to read early loves to read.Many parents think that children who can already read will be bored in 1st grade. To say that the more children know, the more bored they will be, is the same as to say that children who know nothing will be interested in everything and forget about boredom. If the class is not interesting, then everyone will be bored. If it is interesting, then only those who are not able to understand anything will get bored.

And one more curious fact: when a child is taught to read at home, success is one hundred percent, regardless of the method used.

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Test "Is the child ready to go to school?"

School psychologists have developed special methods to determine the level of readiness of the child for school.

Try to answer ("yes" or "no") to the questions of this test. It will help you understand if your child is ready for school.

1. Is your child able to do something on his own that requires 25-30 minutes of concentration (like jigsaw puzzles)?

2. Does your child say that he wants to go to school because there he will learn a lot of new and interesting things, will find new friends?

3. Can your child independently compose a story from the picture, including at least 5 sentences?

4. Does your child know a few poems by heart?

5. Is it true that your child behaves at ease in the presence of strangers, is not shy?

6. Does your child know how to change a noun by numbers (for example: frame - frames, ear - ears, man - people, child - children)!

9. Can your child solve addition and subtraction problems within ten?

10. Can your child solve problems for finding the sum or difference (for example: “There are 3 apples and 2 pears in a vase. How many fruits are in the vase?”; “There were 10 sweets in the vase. 3 sweets were eaten. How many are left?”)?

11. Can your child repeat the sentence exactly (for example:"Bunny, jump on a stump!")?

12. Does your child like to color pictures, draw, sculpt from plasticine?

13. Does your child know how to use scissors and glue (for example, to make an application)?

14. Can your child generalize concepts (for example, name in one word (namely: furniture) table, sofa, chair, armchair)?

15. Can your child compare two objects, that is, name the similarities and differences between them (for example, a pen and a pencil, a tree and a bush)?

16. Does your child know the names of the seasons, months, days of the week, their sequence?

17. Can your child understand and follow verbal instructions accurately?

Evaluation of the result.

15 - 17 questions, you can assume thatyour child is quite ready for school.You did not study with him in vain, and school difficulties, if they arise, will be easily overcome.

If you answered yes to 10 - 14 questions, so your child has learned a lot.The content of the questions to which you answered in the negative will tell you the topics for further studies.

If you answered yes to9 (or less) questions,so you should, firstly,read special literature Secondly, try to devote more time to activities with the child, third, seek help from specialists.

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What should a child know and be able to enter school?

We offer an approximate list of knowledge and skills of the future first grader.

The child must know:

Your name, patronymic, surname;

Your age and date of birth;

Your home address and phone number;

The name of your city, its main attractions;

The name of the country in which he lives;

Surnames, names, patronymics of parents, their professions;

Names of the seasons and months (their sequence, the main signs of each season, riddles and poems about the seasons);

Names of domestic animals and their cubs;

Names of some wild animals and their cubs;

Names of wintering and migratory birds;

Names of vegetables, fruits and berries;

Names of means of transport: land, water, air.

The child must be able to:

Distinguish between clothing, shoes and hats;

Retell Russian folk tales;

Distinguish and correctly name planar geometric shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, oval;

Freely navigate in space and on a sheet of paper (right-left side, top-bottom, etc.);

Completely and consistently retell the listened or read story, compose (invent) a story from the picture;

Remember and name 6-10 objects, words;

Distinguish between vowels and consonants;

Divide words into syllables with the help of claps, steps, by the number of vowels;

Determine the number and sequence of sounds in words like poppy, house, whale;

It is good to use scissors (cut out strips, squares, circles, rectangles from paper, cut along the contour of the figure);

Own a pencil: draw vertical and horizontal lines without a ruler; - draw geometric shapes; carefully paint over, hatch, without going beyond the contours of objects;

listen carefully, without being distracted (30-35 minutes);

Maintain a straight, good posture, especially when sitting.

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What does the concept of “child readiness for school” mean?

Child psychologists identify several criteria for a child's readiness for school.

Physical readiness.Studying at school is associated with great physical and psychological stress. Filling out a child's medical record before entering school, you can easily navigate this issue and get advice from specialist doctors. If your child has serious health problems and you are recommended special forms of education or a special school, do not neglect the advice of doctors.

Intellectual readiness.It includes the knowledge base of the child, the presence of special skills and abilities (the ability to compare, generalize, reproduce a given sample; the development of fine motor skills; concentration of attention, etc.). Intellectual readiness is not only the ability to read and write, but also the development of speech (the ability to answer a question, ask a question, retell the text), the ability to reason and think logically.

social readiness.This is the child's need to communicate with peers and the ability to subordinate their behavior to the laws of children's groups, as well as the ability to play the role of a student in a school situation.

Psychological readiness.From this point of view, a child is ready for schooling, whom the school attracts not only with its external side (a wonderful satchel, beautiful student uniform), but also with the opportunity to acquire new knowledge and skills. A child ready for school wants to learn both because he wants to take a certain position in society, which opens access to the world of adults, and because he has a cognitive need that he cannot satisfy at home.

Check out the list of knowledge and skills that your child must master before entering primary school. With the help of testing at home, determine what additional classes the future first grader needs.

What should a child be able to do for school?

It is necessary to start preparing a son or daughter for the first grade from 3-4 years old. Competent preschool preparation of children at home includes the development of the following skills for children:

• List family members by name, describe yourself and their appearance.
• Tell what parents are by profession, what mom and dad do at work.
• State your residential address.
• Know the seasons, describe their distinctive features. List the days of the week, the names of the months.
• Be able to take care of yourself: independently dress, undress, lace up shoes.
• List the parts of the human body.
• Learn and apply in everyday life the words of politeness, the rules of behavior in the society of peers and adults.
• List the letters of the alphabet, distinguish between vowels and consonants, read short words.
• Count to 20, use backward counting.
• Be able to add and subtract within 20.
• Know primary colors.
• Perform simple logic exercises, excluding the “extra” object from the row.
• Know the simplest geometric shapes (square, triangle, circle) and be able to draw them.
• Distinguish directions (up, down, right, left, forward, backward).
• Compare objects: more-less, wider-narrower, higher-lower.
• Orally describe the image in the picture.
• Retell short text.
• Distinguish between animate and inanimate objects, list domestic and wild animals.

Methods of preparing children for school

You can successfully prepare a child for school at home, if you follow several pedagogical principles:

• Using the game as a way to transfer the basic educational material to a child of 6 years old.
• Education of a preschooler should be gradually redirected from a visual-effective method to a visual-figurative one.
• Educational games for children 6 years old should last no more than 25 minutes. Between training sessions, you need to provide the child with rest (at least a quarter of an hour).
• It is necessary to maintain the cognitive interest of a preschooler by frequent changes in game forms.

Use the exercises developed by innovative teachers to prepare preschoolers for school. Effective methods of modern pedagogy:

• Didactic material helps to quickly teach children to read in warehouses, develop logical thinking and speech apparatus. Letters, syllables, punctuation marks are written on cubes of different colors and sizes. The set also contains study tables. The cubes are filled with different contents, so they make different sounds. Thanks to this, a child of 6 years old learns to distinguish objects by weight, sound. There is a development of the visual, tactile, auditory spheres of the preschooler.

• The pedagogical approach is based on respect for the child as an individual. The role of an adult is to reveal the creative, intellectual potential of the baby. Parents and educators who use this technique create special learning zones in the room: sensory, mathematical, linguistic, etc. Geometric shapes, lacing frames, puzzles, counting sticks, etc. are used for classes.

• teaches children independence. Adults only observe, suggest, motivate boys and girls to physical and mental development. According to the authors of the methodology, every child is endowed with a number of unique inclinations from birth. If you do not train, abilities fade over time. The Nikitins developed the Uniclub dice game with 60 tasks of different difficulty levels.

How to prepare your child for school

Each mother can independently prepare a 6-year-old child for school at home or take them to special courses. Classes at home are good because they make it possible to choose an individual curriculum for a son or daughter. Preschool courses, kindergartens, in addition to preparing for school, teach children of 6 years to be independent, communicate with peers.

Math classes for toddlers

Preparing for school at home should be systemic. The mechanical memory of the child is activated by repeated repetition of educational material. Examples of game situations for children 4-6 years old, helping to learn the basics of mathematics:

• Build a path, a bench, a gate, a house, etc. from multi-colored cubes according to the scheme. An adult can draw a schematic drawing on his own. Ask your child to count how many cubes of different colors were needed for a particular shape.
• Combine hazelnuts, raw peanuts and walnuts. Ask your child to arrange them in saucers by type, compare the size. Offer to count the nuts. Let him determine which plate has more of them. Along with counting skills, this game develops fine motor skills for little boys and girls, which activates their mental activity and prepares their fingers for writing.
• Cut out large squares from colored cardboard and cut them into 2-4 elements. Offer to assemble a figure from parts of the same color. Say the name of the geometric elements. For example, a square is obtained from two triangles.
• Prepare some sweets (buttons, pebbles). Count them with your child. Arrange objects behind your back in 2 palms. Ask to guess how many sweets are in the right (left) hand. When checking, count aloud together. If the kid guessed at least once, he becomes the leader.
• When playing role-playing games (farm, hospital, shop, etc.), come up with simple addition and subtraction problems. For example, 2 hares came to Dr. Aibolit, and then a bear and a fox. How many animals did the good doctor cure in total?
• To play you will need a children's musical instrument. Show the girl or boy the squares with drawn circles. Let the kid hit, for example, a tambourine as many times as there are figures in the figure. Change roles.
• Get your counting sticks ready. On cardboard squares, write numbers from 1 to 20. Lay out several items from sticks (house, bench, path). Let the son (daughter) put a square with a number next to the building. This number should correspond to the number of sticks in the figure. Change roles. Mistake intentionally. Let the kid test you.

How to teach a child to write

Any mother can teach a child to write at home, without giving it to a children's institution. From the age of 2, conduct classes on the development of fine motor skills of babies. Examples of finger exercises:

• Transferring pieces of foam rubber from box to box using clothespins, children's tweezers.
• Choose from a mixture of cereals (buckwheat, barley, etc.) large pasta of various shapes. Arranging them by type in different plates.
• Fastening and unbuttoning buttons of various sizes.
• Performing finger exercises.
• Modeling of plasticine sausages, balls, cakes, etc.

Teach your child to use drawing tools as early as possible: pencils, brushes, felt-tip pens, etc. Do not immediately try to teach your child how to hold them correctly. It is important for little boys and girls to independently study and master the principle of operation of objects for drawing. Shapeless drawings are an important stage in the development of a baby's creativity and learning to write. During this period, do not correct the children, do not impose your point of view on them.

Suggest the following techniques to your preschool son or daughter:

• coloring drawings;
• drawing lines, zigzags, dots, waves;
• drawing simple geometric shapes.

When teaching a 6-year-old child to write at home, follow these recommendations:

• buy a comfortable ballpoint pen for the baby, show how to hold it correctly;
• start classes by drawing straight, broken, wavy lines;
• then teach the preschooler to circle the cells and their configurations;
• gradually move to writing in block letters;
• use printed notebooks for classes;
• move on to learning how to write elements of capital letters only after the preschooler learns the alphabet well.

Teaching preschoolers to read

In pedagogy, there are 3 methods by which you can teach a preschooler to read. The first way is phonemic or sound. The minimum units of reading in it are sounds. Toddlers need to learn how to fold them. To do this, for example, they use such a game technique: a card with a consonant letter is placed in the back of a toy car. While the truck is moving, the sound is pronounced slowly.

To the side is a card with a vowel. As soon as the machine reaches it, they pronounce a vowel sound, getting a syllable. This method sometimes causes difficulty in babies with impaired speech and poor concentration. The second method of teaching reading is global. In it, the minimum unit of reading is the word. This method is more physiological, but long. The kid in a playful way is invited to remember a lot of short words written on cards.

Visual memory in children well developed. After a while, your son or daughter will begin to emphasize these words in any conditions - on signs, billboards, etc. The Global Reading Method can be used from 4 months of age. The disadvantage is that all the features of the Russian language cannot be reflected on the cards. This method is good as a basis for teaching a child to read.

The third method is warehouse. It is considered the most popular and effective. The easiest way to learn to read is with the help of Zaitsev's cubes. You can start training from the age of 3.5, because the mental activity of the baby during this period is very high. For the Zaitsev technique to be effective, you need:

• It is good to know the nature of a child of this age: physical, psychological characteristics.
• Do not combine warehouse and phonemic ways of teaching reading.
• Follow N. Zaitsev's instructions.
• Use for classes and cubes, and tables developed by the teacher.

• Invite the baby to line up the cubes on which there is the letter "O". Say that this is how the train is going. In order for the trailers to hit the road, you need to read the syllables.
• Prepare small toys. Say, for example, that the chanterelle will go in the "co" trailer. The daughter or son must find a cube with a given syllable and put a toy on it.
• Build short words on the floor from cubes - “mom”, “dad”, “nata”, etc. Invite the baby to jump over them. After each jump, you need to say a word. At the end of a series of obstacles, put boxes with a surprise (toys, sweets) that the preschooler receives for participating in the game.
• Make up the names of the child, mom, dad from the cubes. These are trailers in which the family goes on a trip. Invite the preschooler to turn away. Mom says that the evil wizard mixed up all the cars. The boy (girl) must restore the order of words (syllables).
• Set up a row of several toys. Use the cubes to write the name of one of them. Invite the child to guess what is written. Change roles.

The Internet offers free videos on teaching children to read. The advantage of interactive lessons are guidelines for parents, a gradual transition from simple tasks to complex ones. Educational computer games for preschoolers are designed to memorize the alphabet, read syllables, simple words.

creative pursuits

If you can develop your child's cognitive interest, creative thinking before entering school, it will be easy for him to learn. Drawing, modeling, making handicrafts from improvised materials contribute to the development of imagination, a creative view of the world. It is important not to impose your vision on children, to provide them with a wide field for creativity.

Examples of creative activities for preschoolers:

• Collect colorful pictures to prepare children for school. They should depict characters from fairy tales, objects, numbers, clothes, objects of nature, etc. The game consists in compiling a short story using several pictures chosen at random. The more cards, the more varied the plots for creativity.
• Magnetic Theatre. Use a metal surface for theatrical action, such as a candy tin. Cut out fairy tale characters from magazines or draw on paper, stick them on magnetic tape. You can buy it at the craft store. By attaching characters and decorations with the sticky side to a metal surface, come up with entertaining stories with your child.
• Crafts from anything. Collect waste materials: egg cartons, thread, wood chips, scraps, buttons, etc. Provide the child with the necessary tools for creativity. Show your preschooler how to use a glue gun, stapler, tape, etc. Help your son/daughter craft by encouraging him/her to be creative.

Psychological preparation of the child for school at home

The ability of the child's nervous system to quickly move from excitement to a calm state indicates the preschooler's readiness for the emotional stress of school. So that children quickly adapt to different living conditions:

• Teach your child to finish what they started.
• Practice perseverance. By the age of 6, a preschooler should be able to concentrate his attention on a specific lesson for 20-25 minutes.
• Play with a child of 6 years in the "school". Let him be both a student and a teacher in a role-playing game.
• Maintain a trusting relationship with your son or daughter. It is important that your child be sure to tell you about their problems at school.
• Teach your preschooler how to overcome adversity. Show during the game that making mistakes is not scary. Suggest a way out of a difficult situation. Never do a six-year-old assignment.
• Teach yourself to be independent. For example, assign a preschooler to go grocery shopping.
• Instill responsibility, honesty, justice. A visit by a child to children's circles will help parents see how their son or daughter communicates with peers and gently correct behavior.
• Tell children 6 years old about school. Explain school rules, give examples from your own school life.
• Visit with your son or daughter the school in which the child will be enrolled. Introduce the preschooler to the teacher in advance. Write down in the "zero class", where the teacher is engaged with future classmates.

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The time is approaching when your child will wear the proud title of first grader. And in this regard, parents have a lot of worries and worries: where and how to prepare the child for school, is it necessary, what the child should know and be able to do before school, send him to the first grade at six or seven years old, and so on. There is no universal answer to these questions - each child is individual. Some children are fully ready for school at the age of six, and with other children at the age of seven there is a lot of trouble. But one thing is for sure - it is imperative to prepare children for school, because it will be an excellent help in the first grade, help in learning, and greatly facilitate the adaptation period.

Being ready for school does not mean being able to read, write and count.

To be ready for school means to be ready to learn all this, the child psychologist L.A. Wenger.

What does preparation for school include?

Preparing a child for school is a whole complex of knowledge, skills and abilities that a preschooler should possess. And this includes not only the totality of the necessary knowledge. So, what does quality preparation for school mean?

In the literature, there are many classifications of a child's readiness for school, but they all come down to one thing: readiness for school is divided into a physiological, psychological and cognitive aspect, each of which includes a number of components. All types of readiness should be harmoniously combined in the child. If something is not developed or not fully developed, then it can serve as problems in schooling, communicating with peers, acquiring new knowledge, and so on.

The physiological readiness of the child for school

This aspect means that the child must be physically ready for school. That is, the state of his health should allow him to successfully complete the educational program. If a child has serious deviations in mental and physical health, then he must study in a special correctional school, which provides for the peculiarities of his health. In addition, physiological readiness implies the development of fine motor skills (fingers), coordination of movement. The child must know in which hand and how to hold the pen. And also, when a child enters the first grade, he must know, observe and understand the importance of observing basic hygiene standards: the correct posture at the table, posture, etc.

Psychological readiness of the child for school

The psychological aspect includes three components: intellectual readiness, personal and social, emotional-volitional.

Intellectual readiness for school means:

• by the first grade, the child should have a stock of certain knowledge
• he is supposed to navigate in space, that is, to know how to get to school and back, to the store, and so on;
• the child should strive to acquire new knowledge, that is, he should be inquisitive;
• development of memory, speech, thinking should be age-appropriate.

Personal and social readiness implies the following:

• the child must be sociable, that is, be able to communicate with peers and adults; aggression should not be shown in communication, and when quarreling with another child, he should be able to evaluate and look for a way out of a problem situation; the child must understand and recognize the authority of adults;
• tolerance; this means that the child must adequately respond to constructive comments from adults and peers;
• moral development, the child must understand what is good and what is bad;
• the child must accept the task set by the teacher, listening carefully, clarifying unclear points, and after completing it, he must adequately evaluate his work, admit his mistakes, if any.

The emotional-volitional readiness of the child for school involves:

• understanding by the child why he goes to school, the importance of learning;
• interest in learning and acquiring new knowledge;
• the ability of the child to perform a task that he does not quite like, but the curriculum requires it;
• perseverance - the ability to listen carefully to an adult for a certain time and complete tasks without being distracted by extraneous objects and affairs.

Cognitive readiness of the child for school

This aspect means that the future first grader must have a certain set of knowledge and skills that will be needed for successful schooling. So, what should a child of six or seven years old know and be able to do?

Attention.

• Do something without distraction for twenty to thirty minutes.
• Find similarities and differences between objects, pictures.
• To be able to perform work according to a model, for example, accurately reproduce a pattern on your sheet of paper, copy human movements, and so on.
• It is easy to play mindfulness games where quick reaction is required. For example, name a living creature, but discuss the rules before the game: if a child hears a pet, then he should clap his hands, if it is wild, knock his feet, if a bird, wave his hands.

Mathematics.
Numbers from 1 to 10.

1. Counting forward from 1 to 10 and counting backward from 10 to 1.
2. Arithmetic signs ">", "< », « = ».
3. Dividing a circle, a square in half, four parts.
4. Orientation in space and a sheet of paper: right, left, above, below, above, below, behind, etc.

Memory.

• Memorization of 10-12 pictures.
• Telling rhymes, tongue twisters, proverbs, fairy tales, etc. from memory.
• Retelling a text of 4-5 sentences.

Thinking.

• Finish the sentence, for example, “The river is wide, but the stream ...”, “The soup is hot, but the compote ...”, etc.
• Find an extra word from a group of words, for example, “table, chair, bed, boots, armchair”, “fox, bear, wolf, dog, hare”, etc.
• Determine the sequence of events, what happened first, and what - then.
• Find inconsistencies in drawings, verses-fictions.
• Putting together puzzles without the help of an adult.
• Fold a simple object out of paper together with an adult: a boat, a boat.

Fine motor skills.

• It is correct to hold a pen, pencil, brush in your hand and adjust the force of their pressure when writing and drawing.
• Color objects and hatch them without going beyond the outline.
• Cut with scissors along the line drawn on the paper.
• Run applications.

Speech.

• Make sentences from several words, for example, cat, yard, go, sunbeam, play.
• Recognize and name a fairy tale, riddle, poem.
• Compose a coherent story based on a series of 4-5 plot pictures.
• Listen to the reading, the story of an adult, answer elementary questions about the content of the text and illustrations.
• Distinguish sounds in words.

The world.

• Know the basic colors, domestic and wild animals, birds, trees, mushrooms, flowers, vegetables, fruits and so on.
• Name the seasons, natural phenomena, migratory and wintering birds, months, days of the week, your last name, first name and patronymic, the names of your parents and their place of work, your city, address, what professions are.

What do parents need to know when working with a child at home?

Homework with a child is very useful and necessary for a future first grader. They have a positive effect on the development of the child and help in bringing all family members closer together, establishing trusting relationships. But such classes should not be forced for the child, he must first of all be interested, and for this it is best to offer interesting tasks, and choose the most suitable moment for classes. No need to tear the child away from the games and put him at the table, but try to captivate him so that he himself accepts your offer to work out. In addition, when working with a child at home, parents should know that at the age of five or six, children are not distinguished by perseverance and cannot perform the same task for a long time. Classes at home should not last more than fifteen minutes. After that, you should take a break so that the child is distracted. It is very important to change activities. For example, at first you did logical exercises for ten to fifteen minutes, then after a break you can do drawing, then play outdoor games, then make funny figures from plasticine, etc.

Parents should also know one more very important psychological feature of preschool children: their main activity is a game through which they develop and gain new knowledge. That is, all tasks should be presented to the baby in a playful way, and homework should not turn into a learning process. But while studying with a child at home, it is not even necessary to set aside some specific time for this, you can constantly develop your baby. For example, when you are walking in the yard, draw your child's attention to the weather, talk about the season, notice that the first snow has fallen or the leaves have begun to fall off the trees. On a walk, you can count the number of benches in the yard, porches in the house, birds on the tree, and so on. On vacation in the forest, introduce the child to the names of trees, flowers, birds. That is, try to make the child pay attention to what surrounds him, what is happening around him.

Various educational games can be of great help to parents, but it is very important that they match the age of the child. Before showing the game to a child, get to know it yourself and decide how useful and valuable it can be for the development of the baby. We can recommend a children's loto with images of animals, plants and birds. It is not necessary for a preschooler to purchase encyclopedias, most likely they will not interest him or interest in them will disappear very quickly. If your child has watched a cartoon, ask them to talk about its content - this will be a good speech training. At the same time, ask questions so that the child sees that this is really interesting for you. Pay attention to whether the child pronounces words and sounds correctly when telling, if there are any mistakes, then gently talk about them to the child and correct them. Learn tongue twisters and rhymes, proverbs with your child.

We train the child's hand

At home, it is very important to develop the child's fine motor skills, that is, his hands and fingers. This is necessary so that the child in the first grade does not have problems with writing. Many parents make a big mistake by forbidding their child to pick up scissors. Yes, you can get hurt with scissors, but if you talk to your child about how to properly handle scissors, what can and cannot be done, then the scissors will not pose a danger. Make sure that the child does not cut randomly, but along the intended line. To do this, you can draw geometric shapes and ask the child to carefully cut them out, after which you can make an appliqué out of them. This task is very popular with children, and its benefits are very high. Modeling is very useful for the development of fine motor skills, and children really like to sculpt various koloboks, animals and other figures. Teach finger warm-ups with your child - in stores you can easily buy a book with finger warm-ups that are exciting and interesting for the baby. In addition, you can train the hand of a preschooler by drawing, hatching, tying shoelaces, stringing beads.

When a child completes a written task, make sure that he holds a pencil or pen correctly so that his hand is not tense, for the posture of the child and the location of the sheet of paper on the table. The duration of the written assignments should not exceed five minutes, while the importance is not the speed of the assignment, but its accuracy. You should start with simple tasks, for example, tracing an image, gradually the task should become more complicated, but only after the child copes well with an easier task.

Some parents do not pay due attention to the development of fine motor skills of the child. As a rule, due to ignorance, how important this is for the success of a child in the first grade. It is known that our mind lies at our fingertips, that is, the better fine motor skills a child has, the higher its overall level of development. If a child has poorly developed fingers, if it is difficult for him to cut and hold scissors in his hands, then, as a rule, his speech is poorly developed and he lags behind his peers in his development. That is why speech therapists recommend parents whose children need speech therapy classes to simultaneously engage in modeling, drawing and other activities for the development of fine motor skills.

To ensure that your child is happy going to first grade and is prepared for school, so that his studies are successful and productive, heed the following recommendations.

1. Don't be too hard on your child.

2. The child has the right to make mistakes, because mistakes are common to all people, including adults.

3. Make sure that the load is not excessive for the child.

4. If you see that the child has problems, then do not be afraid to seek help from specialists: a speech therapist, a psychologist, etc.

5. Study should be harmoniously combined with rest, so arrange small holidays and surprises for your child, for example, go to the circus, museum, park, etc. on weekends.

6. Follow the daily routine so that the child wakes up and goes to bed at the same time, so that he spends enough time in the fresh air so that his sleep is calm and full. Exclude outdoor games and other vigorous activities before going to bed. Reading a book before bed as a family can be a good and useful family tradition.

7. Nutrition should be balanced, snacks are not recommended.

8. Observe how the child reacts to various situations, how he expresses his emotions, how he behaves in public places. A child of six or seven years old must control his desires and adequately express his emotions, understand that not everything will always happen the way he wants it. Special attention should be paid to the child if, at preschool age, he can publicly make a scandal in the store, if you do not buy something for him, if he reacts aggressively to his loss in the game, etc.

9. Provide the child with all the necessary materials for homework so that at any time he can take plasticine and start sculpting, take an album and paints and draw, etc. Take a separate place for materials so that the child can manage them independently and keep them in order .

10. If the child is tired of studying without completing the task, then do not insist, give him a few minutes to rest, and then return to the task. But still, gradually accustom the child so that for fifteen to twenty minutes he can do one thing without being distracted.

11. If the child refuses to complete the task, then try to find a way to interest him. To do this, use your imagination, do not be afraid to come up with something interesting, but in no case do not scare the child that you will deprive him of sweets, that you will not let him go for a walk, etc. Be patient with the whims of your desire.

12. Provide your child with a developing space, that is, strive for your baby to be surrounded by as few useless things, games, and objects as possible.

13. Tell your child how you studied at school, how you went to first grade, look through your school photos together.

14. Form a positive attitude towards school in your child, that he will have many friends there, it is very interesting there, the teachers are very good and kind. You can’t scare him with deuces, punishment for bad behavior, etc.

15. Pay attention to whether your child knows and uses “magic” words: hello, goodbye, sorry, thank you, etc. If not, then perhaps these words are not in your vocabulary. It is best not to give the child commands: bring this, do that, put them away, but turn them into polite requests. It is known that children copy the behavior, manner of speaking of their parents.

Draw letters and solve examples. What do you really need to prepare the future first grader for?

In the Preparing for School section, we share tips on how to prepare your child for school on your own, as well as online.

Parents to help - useful materials, questions, assignments

• What should a child know and be able to do before going to school?
• Tasks, games and exercises to prepare for grade 1 at home.
• Classes in logic and mathematics for preschoolers and younger students.

1. Physical development

From childhood, instill in your child an interest in sports and physical education. A personal example works best here. Find time for active activities with children at home and on the street.

Invite your child to try different sports sections: swimming, gymnastics, martial arts, dancing. Let him choose what he really likes.

If a son or daughter themselves reminds you of the next workout and tries not to miss a single class a week, this is success.

2. Psychological development

Even an outwardly calm and self-confident child can find it difficult to adapt to an unusual school environment. What is important to teach children to help them with the transition to a new life stage?

1. Teach your child to manage emotions and think positively.

The ability to control emotions such as anger, anger or resentment will save the child from rash acts or words. Explain to your child that there are many problems. But if you think positively, it will be easier to look at the situation from the other side and find the right way out.

Approach the issue consciously: simulate different life situations and help the child figure out together how to act in this or that case.

2. Train your attention and ability to concentrate.

Teach your child to always finish what they start. Give him tasks that can be realistically completed within half an hour. Choose not only favorite things, but also those where the child can resist. If you managed to focus on the task at least for 20 minutes and bring it to the result, you did it.

3. Cultivate responsibility and develop willpower.

Learn to dream, set goals and achieve them, despite the difficulties. First, help with external stimuli, but explain that the strongest motivation is his own.

Give your child adult tasks. Let him have his own list of fixed chores around the house: water the flowers or wipe the dust, walk or feed the pet.

3. Intellectual development

Reading, writing, counting and solving simple mathematical problems will be taught to the child at school. The most valuable thing that parents can do for their children is to teach them to think correctly, reason, analyze information and see the main thing.

What exactly needs to be done?

1. Ignite cognitive interest and encourage learning new things: in books, videos, at home and on a walk. Organize a variety of leisure activities for your child so that they understand how much new and interesting things are in the world that they have to learn about.

2. Develop speech and communication skills. Teach your child to find a common language with peers and adults. It is important to teach the ability to listen, argue your point of view and enjoy the very process of communication.

3. Develop logical thinking. The child will learn to solve typical problems in mathematics lessons. But in order for him to successfully cope with tasks with an asterisk and everyday tasks, one cannot do without the ability to reason and think outside the box. These abilities can and should be trained.

How?

Where to look for tasks?

10 years ago, only collections and children's magazines came to mind. Now much more high-quality interesting materials can be found on the Internet. But how not to get lost in this ocean of developing tasks?

To estimate the approximate level of a child's intellectual readiness for school, check out a small selection of math problems for preschoolers from LogicLike or start classes on the site.