Have you ever quarreled with your loved one? Have you ever had to do something after such a quarrel that you later regretted? Do you know the situation when you thought about some idea for a long time, in order to then voice it, for example, to your boss at work, but after a conversation with him, you left the office squeezed like a lemon, and even with the need to lead a completely different project? Have you ever had to make unnecessary promises or make ridiculous commitments while communicating with someone?

If you answered yes to at least one of the proposed questions, then you have experienced from your own experience that this is psychological pressure. Unfortunately, communication with people around us, including even those closest to us, is not always free from manipulation and attempts to influence us. Knowing how to resist psychological pressure is not at all a whim and not pumping your skills, but a real life necessity.

Types of psychological pressure

Before we talk about what are the ways to protect against psychological attacks, it makes sense to briefly recall the most common forms of such attacks. Let's present them in ascending order of negative potential.

Rhetorical questions

One of the most common forms of psychological pressure is asking rhetorical questions. For example, you may be asked: “Well, why are you so worthless?”, “Do you even understand what you are doing?” or "Do you understand what you just did?" etc. Trying to answer such questions does not make much sense, as well as ignoring them, because by doing so you either admit that you are wrong (it is quite likely that this is not the case at all), or show disrespect to the interlocutor.

To fend off such a psychological attack, you can continue the question and give some kind of positive answer, for example: “Yes, I understand what I did, and I did it because ...” Thus, in a number of situations, you can solve the problem, even with the help of a lively , but quite a constructive argument. Despite this, if you do not know how to resist psychological pressure, most likely, you will only aggravate the situation.

Guilt

In any communicative situation, it is important to understand that everyone has their own truth, and the line between truth and lies can be fuzzy. The same events are often perceived differently by different people. And on this "trick" many manipulators build their psychological attacks, putting pressure on the interlocutor. This is a very clever technique, and with people who do not have psychological defense techniques, it works flawlessly.

To counter this technique, it is helpful to start by playing along with the manipulator so that its pressure does not increase. Further, you should not take on any unnecessary obligations or promise something that you are not going to keep. There is also a more radical method - just answer the person with a refusal. Although these methods do not always work. Manipulators know this, and using guilt is one of the most powerful techniques in their arsenal.

Massive attack

This technique is typical for people who put psychological pressure on a person who has all the powers not to do what they want from him. Often found in business and at work. The technique consists in the fact that the addressee of the manipulation begins to be attacked from all sides by various methods by people interested in resolving the situation in their favor.

For example, if a representative of the “weak” side does not want to sign a contract during the negotiations, the “strong” side begins to put pressure on him. This can be expressed in endless calls, constant visits of representatives to the office of the victim of attacks, huge amounts of emails, etc. The bottom line is that a person cannot withstand such psychological pressure and simply gives up under the onslaught of an opponent.

And here are a few more methods of psychological pressure of this kind:

• a massive attack on the client is carried out;
• in organizations, a massive attack is made on managers (for example, to increase salaries) or ordinary employees (for example, to dismiss);
• in the activities of collection agencies, a massive attack on debtors is carried out, etc.

A skillful psychological attack can unsettle even a persistent and strong person, not to mention those who are not ready for such aggression against themselves. There are two best ways to protect yourself from it:

• the victim talks separately with each member of the "campaign" against himself and explains his position;
• the victim enters into negotiations with the main opponent and resolves all issues with him.

The adoption of such measures is quite effective, but still does not give an absolute guarantee of victory over the manipulator.

direct threat

This method of psychological pressure is not distinguished by the need for a special intelligence in the aggressor, but is very effective. When someone openly threatens the interests of a person, especially what is very important and valuable for him, it is extremely difficult for him to refuse. But even here there is one BUT: far from always a threatening person is able to realize his threats. However, the point is not even whether this will happen or not, but in the very impact on the psyche.

Often, direct threats should be considered as an indicator that they want to negotiate with you, and for a manipulator you are a fairly serious opponent. But even here it must be remembered that if a person were capable of some kind of decisive action, he would not threaten, but immediately began to act. So a good way to behave in the presence of a direct threat is to follow the initially chosen plan. (Here we recall that we are talking about communication situations that do not concern such things as a threat to health or life. In these cases, you need to use other methods, including methods).

These are the most common methods of psychological pressure. As you noticed, describing them, we also indicated the simplest ways to deal with them. But not always and not all people can always be calm, control the course of communication and analyze what is happening. Often emotions take over, and then you have to forget about composure. It is precisely at such moments that it is necessary to apply methods of protection against psychological aggression.

Below we will introduce you to several such methods, so after reading the article, your defensive arsenal will be replenished with new types of “weapons”. However, before moving on to these methods, watch a short video.

5 Simple Tricks to Protect Against Psychological Pressure

The described techniques are very simple to use, and anyone can master them. By and large, many of us unconsciously already use them, but the maximum effect can still be obtained if two conditions are met: understand that you are using a specific technique, and understand what you are using it for. At first glance, these are small things, but in reality they are of great importance.

So, here are these five simple tricks:

1. To reduce psychological pressure in the process of communication, place objects between you and the interlocutor. These can be chairs, a table, some interior elements. Even small things, such as putting an ashtray on the table or holding a cup of coffee to your mouth, can reduce your susceptibility to the psychological onslaught of the interlocutor.
2. If you notice that someone is exerting psychological pressure, take it. Crossing your legs, crossing your arms, lowering your head and looking down from under your brows, you protect your vital organs and energy points. Such poses are not just called closed, because they really close a person for the perception of other people's signals.
3. In addition to real barriers between yourself and the interlocutor, you can create mental barriers. Choose what seems to you the most powerful protection: a wall of water, ice or fire, a glass jar or a cloud of gray smoke, a force field or even a spacesuit. Remember how in childhood, when playing, we said: "I'm in the house"? This is also not without reason, because thoughts have the ability to influence our perception.
4. When someone is pushing you at home or at work, divert their attention. To do this, you can choose anything that will not allow the interlocutor to concentrate. Take a glass of water in your hands and start watering the flowers, turn on the water, open a magazine on a page with a girl in a swimsuit ... You can do something that knocks down the interlocutor: if you are a man, cough, or hit your palm with your fist; if you are a woman, effectively cross your legs or bend down beautifully behind an allegedly fallen hairpin, etc. To reduce the strength of the psychological impact of a partner, any distraction is effective. The main thing is that it looks natural, and also does not repeat too often.
5. If you have, defense against psychological attack can be turned into a fun game. To do this, mentally remove the interlocutor from the image in which he this moment appears. Introduce an important and pompous interlocutor as a court jester; a scarecrow stuffed with hay; a naked baby doll that jumped out of the bath; clumsy penguin, etc. The most important thing is to choose an absolutely ridiculous image, thanks to which any psychological pressure will be minimized.

Agree that it will not be difficult to become skilled in these techniques? We think that you will cope with this task successfully. But do not rush to close the page and run towards the manipulators. Next, we will reveal a few more useful tricks.

Effective fight against psychological pressure: algorithm of actions

Anyone who has had to deal with psychological pressure at work, in the company of friends, relatives or not very familiar people, knows that as soon as you relax and get confused, you suddenly begin to behave like an unreasonable child. Someone immediately begins to defend himself, someone hides his head in the sand, and someone succumbs to the influence of the manipulator and does what he is told. What response to such stress will be adequate and optimal?

The very first thing you need to do (and learn how to do) is to calmly perceive the incoming flow of information, stop emotional perception and begin to study the situation. Ideally, this should be done in one step and take a meager amount of time. And things like:

• start breathing deeply and focus on breathing;
• start slowly counting to ten (can be done together with breathing);
• begin to carefully consider the interlocutor (here you need to pay attention to his appearance and behavior in order to find something that characterizes him as a person).

But psychologists advise a more interesting way: start to notice how the state of your partner changes in the process of communication. For example, catch where he is looking and how his eyes run; correlate his facial expressions and gestures with the content of the words. Some people look away when you start watching them closely, others become nervous, start fingering, fiddling with the tip of their jacket or clicking a pen, etc. By such manifestations, one can more or less accurately determine the true intentions and motives of the interlocutor, as well as understand what state he is in.

So: at the moment when you manage to become a "researcher", i.e. start to study the situation, you can begin to find out exactly what kind of influence the psychological aggressor is trying to have on you. And if you make sure that a person is exerting psychological pressure, do not hesitate and start defending yourself competently and professionally using the algorithm presented below.

Step 1 - ask questions

The purpose of asking questions is to gain time to think about the situation in general and your behavior in particular. You can directly ask your interlocutor if you can disagree with him in what he says to you. If he answers you yes, you can simply point it out and give him a negative answer to his request. If you feel that there is some kind of dependence in your relationship, find out what the consequences may be if you refuse.

The main condition is to clearly see the relationship between the words and actions of the interlocutor and your reactions. It often happens that the manipulator hides his manipulations, as a result of which he does not want to be exposed, so direct questions can make him retreat. This is especially true in situations where other people are present.

In the case when the relationship between your actions and the actions of your opponent is clearly visible from the very beginning, questions will help you get some time to think about your future behavior. Clarifying questions, such as:

• Why did you decide that I don't want to take responsibility?
• Why do you think I'm responsible for this?
• What exactly should I be responsible for?
• What makes you think I'm scared?
• What do you think I should be afraid of?
• Do you think that I have no right to refuse? Why?
• Are you sure what you're saying? Why?
• Why do you think so?

The main task when asking questions will be to find out the reasons why the interlocutor is in a winning position. Once you have time, move on to the next step.

Step 2 - Determine Your Opponent's Advantage

At the second stage, you need to understand how the aggressor exerts psychological pressure, how he plans to influence you. By understanding this, you will get a chance to organize a more powerful defense. Perhaps the opponent thinks he can influence you by raising his voice or shouting. In this case, you do not need to succumb to pressure. You just have to wait until the fuse of the aggressor weakens, and after that express your point of view.

It is possible that the manipulator will try to put pressure on you with the help of third parties present nearby. If so, then there is no need to lower your head. Pay attention to other people's reactions. You can even feel free to start looking at them. The mere fact that you are non-verbally addressing those present will cause them to give you some kind of feedback. The unanimity of third parties is very rare, so one of them may take your point of view. Yes, and the banal silence of others can be used to your advantage.

Remember that you cannot be psychologically broken, so you need to object slowly and calmly. Any tricks of the aggressor can be questioned or weakened if you are careful. When, for example, the interlocutor refers to some kind of authority, you can indicate that this technique is not suitable for the current situation. And if, for example, the aggressor points to his experience or age, you need to find arguments based on your experience and age.

If you want to keep the prospect of cooperation, you do not need to discount the opponent's arguments. It is better to somehow limit their applicability, using objective considerations for this. Here a person says that you have been communicating for a long time and helped him before, and that now he is again waiting for help. Relationships should not be underestimated. It is much more effective to point out the real reasons why in this moment you can't help.

When the aggressor uses rush communication against you (at an increased pace), you need to come up with a way to stop him. You can say that you need to urgently call, go to the bathroom, send an email, etc. Any adequate pretext will help you reduce the pressure of your opponent, take a break and, knowing what the interlocutor is counting on, putting pressure on you, find your own method of pressure.

Step 3 - Determine Your Benefits

What can you use to help yourself? There are many options: support from third parties, reference to past positive experience, own merits, functions performed, authority, etc. But it’s better not to use reciprocal pressure, especially if the relationship with the manipulator is important to you for some reason.

It is best to build your arguments so that both you and the aggressor clearly understand the connection between your judgments. And if you offer your own solution to the problem, it is more competent to make it so that it is a compromise, i.e. suited both you and your communication partner.

Remember that your responses should not be too assertive, and even if you manage to successfully parry attacks, you should not show your superiority. Your task is to balance the balance, and not aggravate the situation and provoke conflict. And after the psychological pressure on you weakens, you can show your business qualities by offering cooperation.

Step 4 - Propose a Collaboration

Negotiating with a psychological aggressor is the best way to resolve a negative situation, because in this way you, firstly, make sure that you have managed to successfully apply psychological defense techniques, and secondly, let your interlocutor understand that in the future attempts to put pressure on you won't lead to anything good.

Of course, you can “cut off the ends” and permanently end the relationship with the aggressor, but in cases with loved ones or those with whom you will be forced to communicate, this option will not work. Therefore, a focus on long-term cooperation is the best choice. The same applies to situations where, for some reason, you still have to make some concessions.

Achieving a compromise is also beneficial because you will have the opportunity to explain to your partner the incorrectness of his behavior. That is why it is recommended to refrain from accusations and even more so from threats. Having come to a mutually beneficial agreement, you will prevent psychological attacks in the future, because your partner will remember how the past situation ended. This allows you to set up psychological manipulators to build constructive relationships.

Thus, we have a clear algorithm of actions when someone exerts psychological pressure:

1. Use questions to get extra time to think about the situation and determine the advantages of the aggressor.
2. Determine the advantages of the aggressor, i.e. those methods of pressure that he uses or intends to use.
3. Determine your advantages, i.e. those methods of counteraction that will be appropriate and effective in a given situation.
4. Align the balance of power and offer cooperation, for example, to come to a solution that is beneficial for everyone.

We advise you to always adhere to the techniques proposed in the article and the algorithm for protecting against psychological pressure, because at home, at work or in the company of friends, in most cases it is necessary to maintain good relationships. At the same time, we are well aware that these methods are not suitable for every situation, so you need to master other techniques to resist manipulators.

You can get acquainted with some of them in our article "", and Igor Vagin, a candidate of medical sciences, an experienced psychotherapist, business coach and specialist in sales, negotiations and personnel management, will tell you about some in this short video.

How often do you think you are faced with a situation where you are being manipulated? Manipulate means they make psychological pressure, for example,. This may be much more common than you think. There are many ways to lead people to the right decisions, and they will be convinced that they themselves made these decisions. It is useful to know these methods, apply them from time to time and not fall for these tricks yourself. Here are some of the most widely available methods of psychological pressure on people.

1. Smile

To win over a person, you need to smile at him. And smile not automatically, only with your mouth, but smile with your eyes as well. Sales agents of network companies specifically in order to increase the level of their sales. The fact is that a sincere smile causes an involuntary smile in response from the opponent, after which it will be quite difficult for him to change his line of behavior.

2. Fork

A person needs to be asked questions that cannot be answered with “no”. For example, “Is it convenient for you to meet me at ten or twelve?” or “what price suits you better: 570 rubles or 230?”.

3. Copy

Entering into a dialogue with a person, after a few minutes of conversation, we begin to copy his facial expressions and gestures. He involuntarily begins to think that you are on his wave, and also begins to copy. As a result, it will be easier to get the solution you need.

4. Consent

Never argue, this will only anger the opponent and strengthen him in his positions. Ideally, you need to listen to the interlocutor, nodding your head and agreeing with him during the conversation, he loses his vigilance, subconsciously perceiving you as a like-minded person, and you unobtrusively offer your solution to the problem.

5. Identification of needs

Here it is important not to be mistaken in what a person really needs. If his need is clear, then you need to present the situation to him in a favorable light: what exactly will he benefit from the proposed solution (the purchased product) in solving his problem.

6. The pioneer factor

A person is afraid to do something first, so if we are talking about buying a product, then you need to convince him (on emotions) that today this product is being torn with his hands and that he may not get it. Here, the herd instinct and the fear of being left deprived work (how is it: everyone took it, but I didn’t have time?). Of course, this paragraph can be modified for other situations. You can’t persuade here, otherwise the factor of fear of loss will not work.

7. Present yourself in a favorable light

This item is best done first if you are meeting a person for the first time or have not seen him for about six months. In life, the saying "Meet by clothes ..." works well, so people in the first thirty seconds evaluate your appearance and style of clothing, then fifteen seconds your demeanor and gestures are evaluated, another fifteen seconds remain for your manner and literacy of speech. The impression that you made on a person in the first minute of communication is the most persistent, and it is very important not to ignore this moment.

9. Emotionality of speech

Your position must be stated enthusiastically. Moreover, women are more inclined to show emotions than men, respectively, in communicating with women it is necessary, with men - on the contrary. The greatest effect is obtained if a man communicates with a woman in the language of facial expressions and gestures, she gets the impression that he is a sensitive and understanding person. And vice versa, if a woman communicates with a man with restraint, then involuntarily he has such an opinion that you can rely on her and you can trust her.

10 Favor

The law of "favors - sense of duty" works among people by default. If you need a person in the future, find a way to be useful to him at least once. Let it be a trifle, but he will still understand that he is in debt.

11. Be close to the person, not in front of him.

If the person with whom, for example, you are having important negotiations, is on the verge of boiling, take a position next to him, and trouble will bypass you. A person will calm down faster in this way, and you will achieve your goal without problems.

12. Ask for help

If you want to get what you want, address the person like this: “I need your help” or “I have no one to help except you.” So the person you are contacting realizes his significance and, I would even say, uniqueness, so he will immediately begin to solve your problem.

13. Address a person by name

Every person is insanely pleased to hear his name. So, if you want to get what you want, start your appeal with the name and patronymic of the person.

14. Use in your monologue the words: “My father once told me…”

For all of us, parents are the most sacred thing on earth; we treat their life instructions with special trepidation. If you want to continue to successfully bend your line, tell a story on the topic "My father always said ..." - and this will become the final trump card in your favor.

15. An angry tirade

This technique is usually used by bosses. They unleash an angry tirade on a subordinate, although in reality this is not at all the emotion that they experience. A subordinate in a state of stress begins to actively do his job, which was to be achieved. True, this technique does not work for weak-spirited employees. Anger can finally break them.

16. Call for Guilt

You can put pressure on a person with the help of comments about his selfishness, the fact that he forgot about you, does not care enough, and the like. The “accused” automatically feels guilty or ashamed and rushes to fill in the gaps.

These are the main points that you need to consider when communicating with other people, which can significantly ease your life and save you from the possibility of falling under someone else's influence.

Consider the psychological methods of manipulating the mental consciousness of a person and the masses. For convenience, we divide the proposed methods into eight blocks, effective both individually and together.

The life of any person is multifaceted by the life experience that this person has, by the level of education, by the level of upbringing, by the genetic component, by many other factors that must be taken into account when psychologically influencing a person. Mental manipulation specialists (psychotherapists, hypnologists, criminal hypnotists, scammers, government officials, etc.) use many different technologies that allow them to control people. It is necessary to know such methods, incl. and in order to counter such manipulations. Knowledge is power. It is the knowledge about the mechanisms of manipulating the human psyche that allows you to resist illegal intrusions into the psyche (into the human subconscious), and therefore protect yourself in this way.

It should be noted that there are a very large number of methods of psychological influence (manipulation). Some of them are available for mastering only after a long practice (for example, NLP), some are freely used by most people in life, sometimes without even noticing it; it is enough to have an idea about some methods of manipulative influence in order to protect yourself from them; to counteract others, you yourself need to be good at such techniques (for example, gypsy psychological hypnosis), etc. As far as the admissibility of such a step, we will reveal the secrets of methods for controlling the mental consciousness of a person and the masses (a team, a meeting, an audience, a crowd, etc.).

It is worth noting that only recently has it become possible to openly talk about the early secret techniques. At the same time, in our opinion, such a tacit permission from the supervisory authorities is quite justified, since we are convinced that some part of the truth is revealed to a person only at a certain stage of life. Collecting such material bit by bit - a person is formed into a personality. If, for some reason, a person is still ready to comprehend the truth, fate itself will lead him aside. And if such a person even learns about some secret methods, he will not be able to realize their significance, i.e. this kind of information will not find the necessary response in his soul, and a kind of stupor will turn on in the psyche, due to which such information will simply not be perceived by the brain, i.e. will not be remembered as such a person.

Below, we will consider the manipulation techniques outlined as blocks that are equivalent in terms of efficiency. Despite the fact that each block precedes its inherent name, nevertheless, it should be noted that the specific methods of influencing the subconscious are very effective for everyone, without exception, regardless of the specific target audience or typical personality traits of a particular person. This is explained by the fact that the human psyche in general has the same components, and differs only in minor details, and hence the increased efficiency of the developed methods of manipulation that exist in the world.

The first block of manipulations.

Ways of manipulating the mental consciousness of a person (S.A. Zelinsky, 2008).

1. False questioning, or deceptive clarifications.

In this case, the manipulative effect is achieved due to the fact that the manipulator pretends that he wants to better understand something for himself, asks you again, but repeats your words only at the beginning and then only partially, introducing a different meaning into the meaning of what you said earlier, thereby changing the general meaning of what was said to please himself.

In this case, you should be extremely careful, always listen to what they are talking about, and noticing a catch, clarify what you said earlier; moreover, to clarify even if the manipulator, pretending not to notice your desire for clarification, tries to move on to another topic.

2. Deliberate haste, or jumping topics.

The manipulator in this case seeks, after voicing any information, to quickly move on to another topic, realizing that your attention is immediately redirected to new information, which means that the likelihood that the previous information that was not “protested” will reach the subconscious increases listener; if information reaches the subconscious, then it is known that after any information is in the unconscious (subconscious), after a while it is realized by a person, i.e. goes into consciousness. Moreover, if the manipulator additionally strengthened his information with an emotional load, or even entered it into the subconscious by coding, then such information will appear at the moment the manipulator needs, which he himself will provoke (for example, using the principle of “anchoring” from NLP, or, in other words, by activating the code).

In addition, as a result of haste and jumping topics, it becomes possible to "voice" a large number of topics in a relatively short period of time; which means that the censorship of the psyche will not have time to let everything through itself, and the likelihood increases that a certain part of the information will penetrate into the subconscious, and from there it will influence the consciousness of the object of manipulation in a way that is beneficial to the manipulator.

3. The desire to show their indifference, or pseudo-inattention.

In this case, the manipulator tries to perceive both the interlocutor and the information received as indifferently as possible, thereby unconsciously forcing the person to try at all costs to convince the manipulator of his importance to him. Thus, the manipulator can only manage the information coming from the object of his manipulations, receiving those facts that the object was not going to spread before. A similar circumstance on the part of the person who is being manipulated is inherent in the laws of the psyche, forcing any person to strive at all costs to prove his case by convincing the manipulator (not suspecting that this is a manipulator), and using the available arsenal of logical controllability of thoughts for this - that is, the presentation of new circumstances of the case, facts that, in his opinion, can help him in this. What turns out to be in the hands of the manipulator, who finds out the information he needs.

As a countermeasure in this case, it is recommended to strengthen your own volitional control and not succumb to provocations.

4. False inferiority, or imaginary weakness.

This principle of manipulation is aimed at the desire on the part of the manipulator to show his weakness to the object of manipulation, and thereby achieve the desired, because if someone is weaker, the effect of condescension turns on, which means that the censorship of the human psyche begins to function in a relaxed mode, as if not perceiving what comes from manipulator information seriously. Thus, the information coming from the manipulator passes immediately to the subconscious, is deposited there in the form of attitudes and patterns of behavior, which means that the manipulator achieves his goal, because the object of manipulation, without suspecting it, after a while will begin to fulfill the installations embedded in the subconscious, or, in other words, to perform secret will of the manipulator.

The main way of confrontation is the complete control of information coming from any person, i.e. everyone is an adversary and should be taken seriously.

5. False love, or lulling vigilance.

Due to the fact that one individual (manipulator) plays in front of another (object of manipulation) love, excessive respect, reverence, etc. (i.e. expresses his feelings in a similar way), he achieves incomparably more than if he openly asked for something.

In order not to succumb to such provocations, one should have, as F.E. Dzerzhinsky once said, “a cold mind.”

6. Furious pressure, or exorbitant anger.

Manipulation in this case becomes possible as a result of unmotivated rage on the part of the manipulator. A person who is targeted by this kind of manipulation will have a desire to calm the one who is angry with him. Why is he subconsciously ready to make concessions to the manipulator.

Methods of counteraction may be different, depending on the skills of the object of manipulation. For example, as a result of “adjustment” (the so-called calibration in NLP), you can first stage a state of mind similar to that of the manipulator, and then calm down, calm the manipulator as well. Or, for example, you can show your calmness and absolute indifference to the anger of the manipulator, thereby confusing him, and therefore depriving him of his manipulative advantage. You can sharply increase the pace of your own aggressiveness by speech techniques simultaneously with a light touch of the manipulator (his hand, shoulder, arm ...), and additional visual impact, i.e. in this case, we seize the initiative, and by simultaneously influencing the manipulator with the help of visual, auditory and kinesthetic stimuli, we introduce him into a state of trance, and hence dependence on you, because in this state the manipulator itself becomes the object of our influence, and we we can introduce certain attitudes into his subconscious, because It is known that in a state of anger any person is subject to coding (psychoprogramming). Other countermeasures can also be used. It should be remembered that in a state of anger it is easier to make a person laugh. You should know about this feature of the psyche and use it in time.

7. Fast pace, or unjustified haste.

In this case, we should talk about the desire of the manipulator, due to the imposed excessively fast pace of speech, to push through some of his ideas, having achieved their approval by the object of manipulation. This becomes possible even when the manipulator, hiding behind the alleged absence of time, achieves incomparably more from the object of manipulation than if this happened over a long period of time, during which the object of manipulation would have time to think over his answer, and therefore not become a victim of deception ( manipulations).

In this case, you should take a timeout (for example, refer to an urgent phone call, etc.) in order to knock the manipulator off the pace set by him. To do this, you can act out a misunderstanding of a question and a “stupid” questioning, etc.

8. Excessive suspicion, or forced excuses.

This type of manipulation occurs when the manipulator acts suspicious in any matter. As a response to suspicion in the object of manipulation, a desire to justify oneself follows. Thus, the protective barrier of his psyche weakens, which means that the manipulator achieves his goal by “pushing” the necessary psychological attitudes into his subconscious.

A defense option is to realize yourself as a person and volitional opposition to an attempt of any manipulative influence on your psyche (i.e. you must demonstrate your own self-confidence and show that if the manipulator is suddenly offended, then let him be offended, and if he wants to leave, you will not run after him; this should be adopted by "in love": do not let yourself be manipulated.)

The manipulator with all his appearance shows fatigue and the inability to prove something and listen to any objections. Thus, the object of manipulation tries to quickly agree with the words given by the manipulator, so as not to tire him with his objections. Well, by agreeing, he thereby follows the lead of the manipulator, who only needs this.

There is only one way to counteract: not to succumb to provocations.

This type of manipulation comes from such specifics of the individual's psyche as the worship of authorities in any area. Most often it turns out that the very area in which such an “authority” has achieved results lies in a completely different area than his imaginary “request” now, but nevertheless, the object of manipulation cannot do anything with himself, since in his soul the majority people believe that there is always someone who has achieved more than they do.

A variant of confrontation is belief in one's own exclusivity, super-personality; development in oneself the belief in one's own chosenness, in the fact that you are a super-human.

11. Favors rendered, or payment for help.

The manipulator conspiratorially informs the object of manipulation about something, as if advising him to make this or that decision in a friendly way. At the same time, clearly hiding behind an imaginary friendship (in fact, they may be acquainted for the first time), as advice, he inclines the object of manipulation to the solution that the manipulator needs first of all.

You need to believe in yourself, and remember that you have to pay for everything. And it is better to pay immediately, i.e. before you are required to pay in the form of gratitude for the service rendered.

12. Resistance or enacted protest.

The manipulator, with some words, excites feelings in the soul of the object of manipulation, aimed at overcoming the barrier that has arisen (censorship of the psyche), in an effort to achieve his own. It is known that the psyche is arranged in such a way that a person wants to a greater extent what is either forbidden to him or what efforts must be made to achieve.

Whereas what may be better and more important, but lies on the surface, in fact, is often not noticed.

The way to counteract is self-confidence and will, i.e. you should always rely only on yourself, and not give in to weaknesses.

13. Particular factor, or from details to error.

The manipulator forces the object of manipulation to pay attention only to one specific detail, not allowing them to notice the main thing, and on the basis of this to draw the appropriate conclusions, which are accepted by the consciousness of that as an uncontested basis for the meaning of what was said. It should be noted that this is very common in life, when most people allow themselves to make their own opinion about any subject, actually having neither facts nor more detailed information, and often not having their own opinion about what they judge, using the opinion of others. Therefore, it is possible to impose such an opinion on them, which means that the manipulator will achieve his own.

To counteract, you should constantly work on yourself, on increasing your own knowledge and level of education.

14. Irony, or manipulation with a grin.

Manipulation is achieved due to the fact that the manipulator chooses an initially ironic tone, as if unconsciously questioning any words of the object of manipulation. In this case, the object of manipulation "loses its temper" much faster; and since critical thinking is difficult during anger, a person enters ASC (altered states of consciousness), in which consciousness easily passes through itself the early forbidden information.

For effective protection, you should show your complete indifference to the manipulator. Feeling like a super-human, "chosen one", will help to treat the attempt to manipulate you with indulgence - as child's play. The manipulator will immediately feel such a state intuitively, because the manipulators usually have well-developed sense organs, which, we note, allows them to feel the moment to carry out their manipulative techniques.

15. Interruption, or withdrawal of thought.

The manipulator achieves its goal by constantly interrupting the thoughts of the object of manipulation, directing the topic of conversation in the direction the manipulator needs.

As a countermeasure, you can ignore the interruptions of the manipulator, or use special speech psychotechnics to make him ridicule among the audience, because if a person is laughed at, all his subsequent words are no longer taken seriously.

16. Provoking imaginary, or false accusations.

This kind of manipulation becomes possible as a result of informing the object of manipulation of the information that can make him angry, and hence reducing the criticality in assessing the alleged information. After that, such a person is broken for a certain period of time, during which the manipulator achieves the imposition of his will on him.

Protection - believe in yourself and not pay attention to others.

17. Trapping, or the imaginary recognition of the opponent's benefit.

In this case, the manipulator, carrying out an act of manipulation, hints at more favorable conditions in which the opponent (the object of manipulation) is supposedly located, thereby forcing the latter to make excuses in every possible way and become open to manipulations that usually follow from this by the manipulator.

Protection - awareness of oneself as a super-personality, which means a completely reasonable "rise" above the manipulator, especially if he also considers himself "insignificance". Those. in this case, one should not make excuses that they say, no, I am not now higher in status than you, but admit, grinning, that yes, I am you, you are in my dependence, and you must accept it or ... Thus, faith in yourself, belief in your own exclusivity will help you overcome any traps in the way of your mind from manipulators.

18. Deception in the palm of your hand, or imitation of bias.

The manipulator intentionally puts the object of manipulation in certain predetermined conditions, when the person chosen as the object of manipulation, trying to divert suspicion from himself in excessive bias towards the manipulator, allows manipulation to be carried out on himself due to the unconscious belief in the good intentions of the manipulator. That is, it is as if he himself gives himself the installation not to react critically to the words of the manipulator, thereby unconsciously allowing the words of the manipulator to pass into his consciousness.

19. Deliberate delusion, or specific terminology.

In this case, manipulation is carried out through the use of specific terms by the manipulator that are not clear to the object of manipulation, and the latter, because of the danger of appearing illiterate, does not have the courage to clarify what these terms mean.

The way to counteract is to ask again and clarify what is incomprehensible to you.

20. Imposition of false stupidity, or through humiliation to victory.

The manipulator seeks in every possible way to reduce the role of the object of manipulation, alluding to his stupidity and illiteracy, in order to destabilize the positive mood of the psyche of the object of manipulation, plunge his psyche into a state of chaos and temporary confusion, and thus achieve the fulfillment of his will over him through verbal manipulation and ( or) coding of the psyche.

Protection - do not pay attention. It is generally recommended to pay less attention to the meaning of the words of the manipulator, and more to the details around, gestures and facial expressions, or even pretend that you are listening, and think “about your own”, especially if you are an experienced fraudster or criminal hypnotist.

21. The repetition of phrases, or the imposition of thoughts.

With this type of manipulation, due to repeated phrases, the manipulator accustoms the object of manipulation to any information that is going to convey to him.

Protective setting - do not fix attention on the words of the manipulator, listen to him “on the floor of the ear”, or use special speech techniques to transfer the conversation to another topic, or seize the initiative and introduce the settings you need into the subconscious of the interlocutor-manipulator yourself, or many other options.

22. Erroneous conjecture, or reticence involuntarily.

In this case, manipulations achieve their effect due to:

1) deliberate reticence by the manipulator;

2) erroneous conjecture by the object of manipulation.

At the same time, even if a deception is detected, the object of manipulation gets the impression of his own guilt due to the fact that he misunderstood or did not hear something.

Protection - exceptional self-confidence, education of super-will, formation of "chosenness" and super-personality.

In this situation, the object of manipulation falls into the trap of the manipulator, who plays on his own alleged inattention, so that later, having achieved his goal, he will refer to the fact that he allegedly did not notice (listen to) the opponent’s protest. Moreover, as a result of this, the manipulator actually puts the object of manipulation before the fact of the perfect.

Protection - to clearly clarify the meaning of "the agreements reached."

24. Say yes, or the path to agreement.

Manipulations of this kind are carried out due to the fact that the manipulator seeks to build a dialogue with the object of manipulation in such a way that he always agrees with his words. Thus, the manipulator skillfully leads the object of manipulation to pushing through his idea, and therefore to the implementation of manipulation over him.

Protection - bring down the focus of the conversation.

25. An unexpected quotation, or the words of an opponent as evidence.

In this case, the manipulative effect is achieved through unexpected quoting by the manipulator of the previously spoken words of the opponent. Such a technique has a discouraging effect on the chosen object of manipulation, helping the manipulator to achieve a result. At the same time, in most cases, the words themselves can be partially invented, i.e. have a different meaning than the subject of manipulation earlier said on this issue. If he spoke. Because the words of the object of manipulation can be simply invented from and to, or have only a slight similarity.

Defense - also apply the technique of false quoting, choosing in this case the supposedly said words of the manipulator.

26. The effect of observation, or the search for commonalities.

As a result of preliminary observation of the object of manipulation (including in the process of dialogue), the manipulator finds or invents any similarity between himself and the object, unobtrusively draws the attention of the object to this similarity, and thereby partially weakens the protective functions of the psyche of the object of manipulation, after which pushes his idea.

Protection - to sharply highlight with words your dissimilarity to the interlocutor-manipulator.

27. Imposing a choice, or initially the right decision.

In this case, the manipulator asks the question in such a way that does not leave the object of manipulation to accept a choice other than the one voiced by the manipulator. (For example, do you want to do this or that? In this case, the key word is “do”, while initially the object of manipulation may not have intended to do anything. But he was left with no choice but to choose between the first and second.)

Protection - do not pay attention plus volitional control of any situation.

28. Unexpected revelation, or sudden honesty.

This type of manipulation consists in the fact that after a short conversation, the manipulator suddenly confidentially informs the object he has chosen as manipulation that he intends to tell something secret and important, which is intended only for him, because he really liked this person, and he feels that can trust him with the truth. At the same time, the object of manipulation unconsciously gains confidence in this kind of revelation, which means that we can already talk about the weakening of the protective mechanisms of the psyche, which, through the weakening of censorship (the barrier of criticality), allows lies from the manipulator into the consciousness-subconsciousness.

Protection - do not succumb to provocations, and remember that you can always rely only on yourself. Another person can always let you down (consciously, unconsciously, under duress, under the influence of hypnosis, etc.)

29. Sudden counterargument, or insidious lie.

The manipulator, unexpectedly for the object of manipulation, refers to the words allegedly said earlier, in accordance with which the manipulator, as it were, simply develops the topic further, starting from them. The object of manipulation after such “revelations” develops a feeling of guilt, the barriers put forward in the way of the words of the manipulator, which he had previously perceived with a certain degree of criticality, should finally break in his psyche. This is also possible because most of those targeted by manipulation are internally unstable, have increased criticality towards themselves, and therefore, such a lie on the part of the manipulator turns in their minds into one or another share of the truth, which as a result and helps the manipulator get his way.

Protection - education of willpower and exceptional confidence and self-respect.

30. Accusation of theory, or alleged lack of practice.

The manipulator, as an unexpected counterargument, puts forward the requirement that the words of the object of manipulation chosen by him are, as it were, good only in theory, while in practice the situation will supposedly be different. Thus, unconsciously making it clear to the object of manipulation that all the words just heard by the manipulator are nothing and are good only on paper, but in a real situation everything will turn out differently, which means, in fact, one cannot rely on such words.

Protection - do not pay attention to the conjectures and assumptions of other people and believe only in the power of your mind.

The second block of manipulations.

Methods of influencing the mass media audience with the help of manipulations.

1. The principle of first priority.

The essence of this method is based on the specifics of the psyche, which is designed in such a way that it takes on faith the information that was first received by the consciousness. The fact that later we can get more reliable information often does not matter anymore.

In this case, the effect of perceiving primary information as truth is triggered, especially since it is impossible to immediately understand its contradictory nature. And after - it is already quite difficult to change the formed opinion.

A similar principle is quite successfully used in political technologies, when some accusatory material (compromising evidence) is sent to a competitor (through the media), thereby:

a) forming a negative opinion among voters about him;

b) making excuses.

(In this case, there is an impact on the masses through widespread stereotypes that if someone justifies himself, then he is guilty).

2. "Eyewitnesses" of events.

There are supposedly eyewitnesses of the events who, with the necessary sincerity, report the information that the manipulators gave them in advance, passing it off as their own. The name of such “eyewitnesses” is often hidden allegedly for the purpose of conspiracy, or a false name is called, which, along with falsified information, nevertheless achieves an effect on the audience, because it affects the unconscious of the human psyche, causing him to intensify feelings and emotions, in as a result of which the censorship of the psyche is weakened and is able to skip information from the manipulator without determining its false essence.

3. The image of the enemy.

By artificially creating a threat and as a result of this heat of passions, the masses are immersed in states similar to ASC (altered states of consciousness). As a result, such masses are easier to manage.

4. Shift in emphasis.

In this case, there is a conscious shift of emphasis in the material being presented, and something not entirely desirable for the manipulators is presented in the background, but the opposite is highlighted - what is necessary for them.

5. Use of "opinion leaders".

In this case, the manipulation of mass consciousness occurs on the basis that when performing any actions, individuals are guided by opinion leaders. Opinion leaders can be various figures who have become authoritative for a certain category of the population.

6. Reorientation of attention.

In this case, it becomes possible to present almost any material without fear of its undesirable (negative) component. This becomes possible on the basis of the rule of reorientation of attention, when the information necessary for hiding, as it were, fades into the shadows of seemingly randomly highlighted events that serve to divert attention.

7. Emotional charge.

This manipulation technology is based on such a property of the human psyche as emotional contagion. It is known that in the process of life a person builds certain protective barriers on the way of receiving information that is undesirable for him. To get around such a barrier (censorship of the psyche), it is necessary that the manipulative impact be directed to feelings. Thus, having “charged” the necessary information with the necessary emotions, it becomes possible to overcome the barrier of the mind and cause an explosion of passions in a person, forcing him to experience at some point the information he heard. Next, the effect of emotional charging comes into play, which is most widespread in the crowd, where, as you know, the criticality threshold is lower.

(Example. A similar manipulation effect is used during a number of reality shows, when participants speak in raised tones and sometimes demonstrate significant emotional arousal, which makes you watch the ups and downs of the events they demonstrate, empathizing with the main characters. Or, for example, when speaking on television of a series especially ambitious politicians who impulsively shout out their ways out of crisis situations, due to which information affects the feelings of individuals, and the audience becomes emotionally infected, which means that such manipulators can be forced to pay attention to the material presented.)

8. Display problems.

Depending on the presentation of the same materials, it is possible to achieve different, sometimes opposing opinions from the audience. That is, some event can be artificially “not noticed”, but on the contrary, it can be given increased attention, and even on different television channels. In this case, the truth itself, as it were, fades into the background. And it depends on the desire (or not desire) of the manipulators to highlight it. (For example, it is known that a lot of events take place in the country every day. Naturally, coverage of all of them is already purely physically impossible. However, it often happens that some events are shown quite often, many times, and on various channels; while something else , which certainly also deserves attention - as if deliberately not noticed.)

It is worth noting that the presentation of information through such a manipulative technique leads to artificial inflating of non-existent problems, behind which something important is not noticed, which can cause the anger of the people.

9. Unavailability of information.

This principle of manipulative technologies is called information blockade. This becomes possible when a certain part of the information, undesirable for manipulators, is deliberately not allowed on the air.

10. Strike ahead of the curve.

A type of manipulation based on the early release of negative information for the main category of people. At the same time, this information causes the maximum resonance. And by the time the information arrives and an unpopular decision has to be made, the audience will already be tired of the protest, and will not react too negatively. Using a similar method in political technologies, they first sacrifice an insignificant compromising evidence, after which, when a new compromising evidence appears on the political figure they are promoting, the masses no longer react in this way. (Tired of reacting.)

11. False passions.

A method of manipulating the mass media audience, when a false heat of passion is used by presenting allegedly sensational material, as a result of which the human psyche does not have time to react properly, unnecessary excitement is created, and the information presented later no longer has such an impact, because criticality is reduced put forward by the censorship of the psyche. (In other words, a false time limit is created for which the information received must be evaluated, which often leads to the fact that it almost without cuts from the consciousness enters the unconscious of the individual; after which it affects the consciousness, distorting the very meaning of the information received, and also taking up space for obtaining and appropriately evaluating more truthful information.Moreover, in most cases we are talking about the impact in the crowd, in which the principle of criticality is already difficult in itself).

12. Likelihood effect.

In this case, the basis for possible manipulation consists of such a component of the psyche, when a person is inclined to believe information that does not contradict the information or ideas he previously had on the issue under consideration.

(In other words, if through the media we come across information with which we internally disagree, then we deliberately block such a channel for obtaining information. And if we come across information that does not contradict our understanding of such an issue, we continue to absorb such information, which reinforces the previous formed patterns of behavior and attitudes in the subconscious, which means that acceleration for manipulations becomes possible, since the manipulators will consciously insert a part of information that is plausible for us false, which, as if automatically, we perceive as real. Also, in accordance with this principle of manipulation, it is possible to initially present information that is obviously unfavorable for the manipulator (supposedly self-criticism), due to which the audience’s belief that this mass media source is fairly honest and truthful increases. Well, later, information necessary for manipulators is interspersed with the information supplied.)

13. The effect of "information assault".

In this case, it should be said that a flurry of useless information falls upon a person, in which the truth is lost.

(People subjected to this form of manipulation simply get tired of the flow of information, which means that the analysis of such information becomes difficult and the manipulators have the opportunity to hide the information they need, but undesirable for demonstration to the masses.)

14. Reverse effect.

In the case of such a fact of manipulation, such a quantity of negative information is thrown into the address of a person that this information achieves the exact opposite effect, and instead of the expected condemnation, such a person begins to arouse pity. (An example of the Perestroika years with B.N. Yeltsin, who fell into the river from the bridge.)

15. Everyday story, or evil with a human face.

Information that may cause an undesirable effect is pronounced in a normal tone, as if nothing terrible is happening. As a result of this form of presentation of information, some critical information, when it penetrates into the minds of listeners, loses its relevance. Thus, the criticality of the perception of negative information by the human psyche disappears and addiction to it occurs.

16. One-sided coverage of events.

This method of manipulation is aimed at one-sided coverage of events, when only one side of the process is given the opportunity to speak, as a result of which a false semantic effect of the information received is achieved.

17. The principle of contrast.

This type of manipulation becomes possible when the necessary information is presented against the background of another, initially negative, and negatively perceived by the majority of the audience. (In other words, white will always be noticeable against a black background. And against a background of bad people, you can always show a good person by talking about his good deeds. A similar principle is common in political technologies, when a possible crisis in the camp of competitors is first analyzed in detail, and then it is demonstrated the correct nature of the actions of the candidate needed by the manipulators, who does not and cannot have such a crisis.)

18. Approval of the imaginary majority.

The application of this technique of mass manipulation is based on such a specific component of the human psyche as the permissibility of performing any actions after their initial approval by other people. As a result of such a method of manipulation in the human psyche, the barrier of criticality is erased after such information has been approved by other people. Let us recall Le Bon, Freud, Bekhterev and other classics of the psychology of the masses - the principles of imitation and contagion are actively operating in the mass. Therefore, what one does is picked up by the rest.

19. Expressive blow.

When implemented, this principle should produce the effect of a psychological shock, when the manipulators achieve the desired effect by deliberately broadcasting the horrors of modern life, which causes the first reaction of protest (due to a sharp increase in the emotional component of the psyche), and the desire to punish the guilty at all costs. At the same time, it is not noticed that the emphasis in the presentation of material can be deliberately shifted towards competitors that are unnecessary to the manipulators or against information that seems undesirable to them.

20. False analogies, or diversions against logic.

This manipulation eliminates the true reason in any matter, replacing it with a false analogy. (For example, there is an incorrect comparison of various and mutually exclusive consequences, which in this case are presented as one. For example, many young athletes were elected to the State Duma of the last convocation. In this case, merit in sports in the minds of the masses replaced the opinion of whether 20-year-olds really Athletes can govern the country, but it should be remembered that every member of the State Duma has the rank of a federal minister).

21. Artificial "calculation" of the situation.

A lot of different information is intentionally released to the market, thereby monitoring the public's interest in this information, and information that has not received relevance is subsequently excluded.

22. Manipulative commenting.

By means of the emphasis necessary for the manipulators, this or that event is covered. At the same time, any undesirable event for manipulators when using such technology can take on the opposite color. It all depends on how the manipulators will present this or that material, with what comments.

24. Admission (approximation) to power.

This type of manipulation is based on such a property of the psyche of most individuals as a radical change in their views in the event that such a person is endowed with the necessary powers of authority. (A rather vivid example is D.O. Rogozin, who was in opposition to the authorities - let us recall Rogozin’s statement in connection with the CEC ban on the registration of V. Gerashchenko as a presidential candidate, recall the hunger strike in the State Duma demanding the resignation of ministers of the socio-economic bloc of the government, recall Rogozin’s other statements, including those about the party in power and the country’s president, and let us recall Rogozin’s speeches after his appointment as Russia’s permanent representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Brussels, i.e. a high-ranking official representing Russia in an enemy organization. )

25. Repetition.

Such a method of manipulation is quite simple. It is only necessary to repeatedly repeat any information so that such information is deposited in the memory of the mass media audience and subsequently used. At the same time, manipulators should simplify the text as much as possible and achieve its susceptibility based on a low-intellectual audience. Oddly enough, practically only in this case one can be sure that the necessary information will not only be conveyed to the mass viewer, reader or listener, but will also be correctly perceived by them. And this effect can be achieved by repeated repetition of simple phrases. In this case, the information is first firmly fixed in the subconscious of the listeners, and then it will influence their consciousness, and hence the commission of actions, the semantic connotation of which is secretly embedded in the information for the mass media audience.

26. The truth is half.

This method of manipulation lies in the fact that only part of the reliable information is presented to the public, while the other part, explaining the possibility of the existence of the first part, is concealed by the manipulators. (An example from the time of Perestroika, when at first rumors were spread that the Union Republics allegedly supported the RSFSR. At the same time, they seemed to forget about Russian subsidies. As a result of deception of the population of the republics friendly to us, these republics first left the USSR, and then part of their population began to come to earnings in Russia.)

The third block of manipulation techniques.

Speech psychotechniques (V.M. Kandyba, 2002).

In the event of such influence, it is forbidden to use methods of direct informational influence, said in an order, replacing the latter with a request or offer, and at the same time using the following verbal tricks:

1) Truisms.

In this case, the manipulator says what is really there, but in fact, a deceptive strategy is hidden in his words. For example, a manipulator wants to sell goods in a beautiful package in a deserted place. He doesn't say "buy"! And he says: “Well, it’s cold! Great, very cheap sweaters! Everyone buys, you won’t find such cheap sweaters anywhere!” and fiddling with bags of sweaters.

As academician V.M. Kandyba, such an unobtrusive purchase offer, is more directed to the subconscious, works better, as it corresponds to the truth and passes the critical barrier of consciousness. Really “cold” (this is already one unconscious “yes”), really the package and pattern of the sweater are beautiful (second “yes”), and really very cheap (third “yes”). Therefore, without any words "Buy!" the object of manipulation is born, as it seems to him, an independent, self-made decision to buy an excellent thing on the cheap and on the occasion, often without even unwrapping the package, but only asking for the size.

2) The illusion of choice.

In this case, as if in the usual phrase of the manipulator about the presence of any product or phenomenon, some kind of hidden statement is interspersed, which flawlessly affects the subconscious, forcing the will of the manipulator to be carried out. For example, they do not ask you whether you will buy or not, but they say: “How pretty you are! And it suits you, and this thing looks great! Which one will you take, this one or that one? ”, And the manipulator looks at you with sympathy, as if the question that you are buying this thing has already been decided. After all, the last phrase of the manipulator contains a trap for consciousness, imitating your right to choose. But in fact, you are being deceived, as the choice "buy or not buy" is replaced by the choice "buy this or buy that."

3) Commands hidden in questions.

In such a case, the manipulator hides its installation command under the guise of a request. For example, you need to close the door. You can say to someone: “Go and close the door!”, But this will be worse than if your order is issued as a request in the question: “I beg you, could you close the door?” The second option works better, and the person does not feel cheated.

4) Moral impasse.

This case is a delusion of consciousness; the manipulator, asking for an opinion about a product, after receiving an answer, asks the next question, which contains the installation to perform the action necessary for the manipulator. For example, a manipulative seller persuades not to buy, but to “just try” his product. In this case, we have a trap for consciousness, since nothing dangerous or bad seems to be offered to him, and it seems that complete freedom of any decision is preserved, but in fact it is enough to try, as the seller immediately asks another tricky question: “Well, how did you like it? Did you like it?”, and although it seems to be about the sensations of taste, but in fact the question is: “Will you buy it or not?” And since the thing is objectively tasty, you can’t say to the seller’s question that you didn’t like it, and answer that you “liked it”, thereby, as it were, giving involuntary consent to the purchase. Moreover, as soon as you answer the seller that you liked it, as he, without waiting for your other words, is already weighing the goods and it’s as if it’s already inconvenient for you to refuse to buy, especially since the seller selects and imposes the best that he has (from , which is visible). Conclusion - you need to think a hundred times before accepting a kind of harmless offer.

5) Speech reception: "what ... - so ...".

The essence of this speech psychotechnics lies in the fact that the manipulator connects what is happening with what he needs. For example, a seller of hats, seeing that the buyer is twirling a hat in his hands for a long time, considering whether to buy or not to buy, says that the client is lucky, because he found exactly the hat that suits him best. Like, the more I look at you, the more I am convinced that this is so.

6) Coding.

After the manipulation has worked, the manipulators code their victim for amnesia (forgetting) of everything that happens. For example, if a gypsy (as an extra-class specialist in waking hypnosis, street manipulation) took a ring or chain from the victim, then she will definitely utter the phrase before parting: “You don’t know me and have never seen me! These things - the ring and the chain - are alien! You've never seen them!" In this case, if the hypnosis was shallow, charm (“charm” - as an obligatory part of waking suggestion) disappears after a few minutes. With deep hypnosis, coding can last for years.

7) Stirlitz method.

Since a person in any conversation remembers the beginning and end better, it is necessary not only to enter the conversation correctly, but also to put the necessary words that the object of manipulation must remember - to put at the end of the conversation.

8) Speech trick "three stories".

In the case of such a technique, the following method of programming the human psyche is carried out. You are told three stories. But in an unusual way. First, they start telling you story #1. In the middle, they interrupt it and start telling story #2. In the middle, they interrupt it and start telling story #3, which is told in full. Then the manipulator finishes story No. 2, and then completes story No. 1. As a result of this method of programming the psyche, stories No. 1 and No. 2 are recognized and remembered. And story No. 3 is quickly forgotten and unconscious, which means that, having been forced out of consciousness, it is placed in the subconscious. But the bottom line is that just in story No. 3, the manipulators laid instructions and commands for the subconscious of the object of manipulation, which means you can be sure that after a while this person (object) will begin to fulfill the psychological settings introduced into his subconscious, and at the same time will count that they come from him. The introduction of information into the subconscious is a reliable way of programming a person to perform the settings necessary for manipulators.

9) Allegory.

As a result of such an impact of mind processing, the information the manipulator needs is hidden among the story, which the manipulator sets out allegorically and metaphorically. The bottom line is that just the hidden meaning is the thought that the manipulator decided to put into your mind. Moreover, the brighter and more picturesque the story is told, the easier it is for such information to go around the barrier of criticality and introduce information into the subconscious. Later, such information “starts to work” often just at the moment, the onset of which was either originally planned; or a code was laid, activating which the manipulator each time achieves the desired effect.

10) Method "as soon as ... then ...".

A very curious method. Here is how V.M. Kandyba: “The reception “as soon as ... then ...” This speech trick consists in the fact that a fortuneteller, for example, a gypsy, foreseeing some certain upcoming action of the client, says, for example: “As soon as you see your line life, you will immediately understand me! Here, by the subconscious logic of the client's look at her palm (at the "life line"), the gypsy logically attaches an increase in trust to herself and everything she does. At the same time, the gypsy deftly inserts a trap for consciousness with the end of the phrase “understand me immediately”, the intonation of which denotes another real meaning hidden from consciousness - “immediately agree with everything that I do.”

11) Scattering.

The method is quite interesting and effective. It consists in the fact that the manipulator, telling you a story, highlights his attitudes in some way that breaks the monotony of speech, including the so-called "anchors" (the "anchoring" technique refers to the methods of neurolinguistic programming). It is possible to distinguish speech by intonation, volume, touch, gestures, etc. Thus, such attitudes seem to be scattered among other words that make up the information flow of this story. And later - the subconscious of the object of manipulation will respond only to these words, intonations, gestures, and so on. In addition, as academician V.M. Kandyba notes, hidden commands dissipating in the middle of the whole conversation turn out to be very effective, and work much better than those expressed in a different way. To do this, one must be able to speak with expression, and underline - when required - the right words, skillfully highlight pauses, and so on.

There are the following methods of manipulative influences on the subconscious in order to program the behavior of a person (an object of manipulation):

Kinesthetic methods (the most effective): touching the hand, touching the head, any stroking, patting on the shoulder, shaking the hand, touching the fingers, placing the brushes on the client’s hands from above, taking the client’s brush in both hands, etc.

Emotional ways: raising emotions at the right time, lowering emotions, emotional exclamations or gestures.

Speech methods: change the volume of speech (louder, quieter); change in the pace of speech (faster, slower, pauses); change in intonation (increase-decrease); accompanying sounds (tapping, snapping fingers); change the localization of the sound source (right, left, top, bottom, front, back); change in the timbre of the voice (imperative, command, hard, soft, insinuating, drawling).

Visual methods: facial expressions, eye widening, hand gestures, finger movements, body position change (tilts, turns), head position changes (turns, tilts, lifts), a characteristic sequence of gestures (pantomime), rubbing one's own chin.

written methods. Hidden information can be inserted into any written text using the scattering technique, while the necessary words are highlighted: font size, different font, different color, paragraph indentation, new line, etc.

12) The "old reaction" method.

According to this method, it must be remembered that if in some situation a person reacts strongly to any stimulus, then after a while you can again expose this person to the action of such a stimulus, and the old reaction will automatically work for him, although the conditions and situation may differ significantly. from the one in which the reaction manifested itself for the first time. A classic example of the "old reaction" is when a child walking in the park is suddenly attacked by a dog. The child was very frightened and subsequently, in any, even the safest and most harmless, situation, when he sees a dog, he automatically, i.e. unconsciously, an "old reaction" arises: fear.

Such reactions are pain, temperature, kinesthetic (touch), taste, auditory, olfactory, etc., therefore, according to the mechanism of the "old reaction", a number of basic conditions must be met:

a) The reflective reaction should, if possible, be reinforced several times.

b) The applied irritant should, in its characteristics, match as much as possible the stimulus applied for the first time.

c) The best and more reliable is a complex stimulus that uses the reaction of several sense organs simultaneously.

If you need to establish dependence on you of another person (an object of manipulation), you must:

1) evoke a reaction of joy in the process of questioning the object;

2) fix a similar reaction by any of the signal methods (the so-called "anchors" in NLP);

3) if it is necessary to encode the psyche of the object - "activate" the "anchor" at the necessary moment. In this case, in response to your information, which, in your opinion, should be deposited in the memory of the object, the person chosen for the role of the object will have a positive associative array, which means that the barrier of criticality of the psyche will be broken, and such a person (object) will be “programmed” to implement conceived by you after the encoding you entered. At the same time, it is recommended that you first check yourself several times before fixing the “anchor”, so that by facial expressions, gestures, changed intonation, etc. remember the reflex reaction of the object to positive words for his psyche (for example, pleasant memories of the object), and pick up a reliable key (by tilting the head, voice, touch, etc.)

The fourth block of manipulations.

Manipulation through television. (S.K. Kara-Murza, 2007).

1) Fabrication of facts.

In this case, the manipulation effect occurs as a result of small deviations used in the supply of material, but acting always in the same direction. Manipulators only tell the truth when the truth can be easily verified. In other cases, they try to present the material in the way they need. Moreover, a lie becomes most effective when it is based on a stereotype embedded in the subconscious.

2) Selection for material events of reality.

In this case, an effective condition for programming thinking is the control of the media in order to present uniform information, but in different words. At the same time, the activities of opposition media are allowed. But their activities must be controlled and not go beyond the limits of broadcasting allowed by them. In addition, the media use the so-called. the principle of democracy of noise, when a message unnecessary by the manipulator should simply perish under a powerful release of versatile information.

3) Gray and black information.

In the second half of the twentieth century, the media began to use the technology of psychological warfare. The American Military Dictionary of 1948 defines psychological warfare as follows: "These are planned propaganda activities that influence the views, emotions, attitudes and behavior of enemy, neutral or friendly foreign groups in order to support national policy." The manual (1964) states that the purpose of such a war is "undermining the political and social structure of the country ... to such a degree of degradation of the national consciousness that the state becomes unable to resist."

4) Major psychoses.

The secret tasks of the media is to turn the citizens of our country into a single mass (crowd), with the aim of general regulation of the dissemination of the flow of information, which processes the consciousness and subconscious of people. As a result, such a crowd is easier to manage, and the average layman unquestioningly believes the most ridiculous statements.

5) Assertion and repetition.

In this case, the information is presented in the form of ready-made templates that actively involve the stereotypes in the subconscious mind. An affirmation in any speech means a refusal to discuss, since the power of an idea that can be discussed loses all credibility. In human thinking, Kara-Murza notes, the so-called. mosaic culture. The media are a factor in strengthening this type of thinking, accustoming a person to think in stereotypes, and not to include intellect when analyzing media materials. G.Lebon noted that with the help of repetition, information is introduced into the depths of the subconscious, where the motives for subsequent human actions are born. Excessive repetition dulls consciousness, causing any information to be deposited in the subconscious almost unchanged. And from the subconscious, after a certain period of time, such information passes into consciousness.

6) Crushing and urgency.

In this method of manipulating the media used, integral information is divided into fragments so that a person cannot combine them into a single whole and comprehend the problem. (For example, articles in a newspaper are divided into parts and placed on different pages; a text or a TV show is broken up by advertising.) Professor G. Schiller explains the effectiveness of this technique as follows: “When the holistic nature of a social problem is deliberately bypassed, and fragmentary information about it is offered as reliable "information", the results of this approach are always the same: misunderstanding ... apathy and, as a rule, indifference. By tearing apart information about an important event, it is possible to drastically reduce the impact of the message or completely deprive it of its meaning.

7) Simplification, stereotyping.

This type of manipulation is based on the fact that a person is a product of a mosaic culture. His consciousness is created by the media. The media, unlike high culture, is designed specifically for the masses. Therefore, they set strict limits on the complexity and originality of messages. The justification for this is the rule that a representative of the mass is able to adequately assimilate only simple information, so any new information is adjusted to a stereotype so that a person perceives information without effort and internal analysis.

8) Sensationalism.

In this case, the principle of such presentation of information is preserved, when it is impossible or very difficult to form a single whole from separate parts. In this case, any pseudo-sensation stands out. And already under the cover of it, the really important news is hushed up (if this news, for some reason, is dangerous for the circles that control the media).

Continuous bombardment of consciousness, especially with “bad news”, performs an important function of maintaining the necessary level of “nervousness” in society, draws the attention of prof. S.G. Kara-Murza. Such nervousness, a feeling of continuous crisis, sharply increases the suggestibility of people and reduces the ability for critical perception.

9) Changing the meaning of words and concepts.

Media manipulators in this case freely interpret the words of any person. At the same time, the context changes, often taking the form directly opposite or at least distorted. A striking example is provided by Prof. S.G. Kara-Murza, telling that when the Pope during a visit to one of the countries was asked how he relates to brothels, he was surprised that, they say, do they really exist. After that, an emergency report appeared in the newspapers: “The first thing dad asked when he set foot on our land was whether we have brothels?”

The fifth block of manipulations.

Manipulations of consciousness (S.A. Zelinsky, 2003).

1. Provocation of suspicion.

The manipulator initially puts the subject in critical conditions when he confidently puts forward a statement like: “Do you think I will persuade you? ..”, which implies the so-called. the opposite effect, when the one who is being manipulated begins to convince the manipulator of the opposite, and thereby, pronouncing the installation several times, unconsciously tends to the opinion of the honesty of the person who convinced him of something. Whereas by all conditions this honesty is false. But if, under certain conditions, he would understand this, that in this situation the line between lies and the susceptibility of truth is erased. So the manipulator achieves its goal.

Protection - do not pay attention and believe in yourself.

2. False advantage of the enemy.

With his specific words, the manipulator, as it were, initially casts doubt on his own arguments, referring to the allegedly more favorable conditions in which his opponent finds himself. Which, in turn, makes this opponent justify his desire to convince his partner and remove suspicion from himself. Thus, the one over whom the manipulation took place, unconsciously removes from himself any setting for censorship of the psyche, for defense, allowing attacks from the manipulator to penetrate into his psyche, which has become defenseless. The words of the manipulator, possible in such a situation: “You say so, because now your position requires it ...”

Protection - words such as: "Yes, I say this because I have such a position, I am right, and you must obey and obey me."

3. Aggressive manner of conducting a conversation.

When using this technique, the manipulator takes an initially high and aggressive rate of speech, which unconsciously subjugates the will of the opponent. In addition, the opponent in this case cannot properly process all the information received. Which forces him to agree with the information from the manipulator, unconsciously also wishing that all this would stop as soon as possible.

Protection - to make an artificial pause, interrupt the fast pace, reduce the aggressive intensity of the conversation, transfer the dialogue to a calm channel. If necessary, you can leave for a while, i.e. interrupt the conversation and after - when the manipulator calms down - continue the conversation.

4. Imaginary misunderstanding.

In this case, a certain trick is achieved as follows. The manipulator, referring to finding out for himself the correctness of what you just heard, repeat the words you said, but adding your own meaning to them. The spoken words can be like: "Sorry, did I understand you correctly, you say that ..." - and then he repeats 60-70% of what he heard from you, but distorts the final meaning by entering other information, information - he needs .

Protection - a clear clarification, going back and re-explaining to the manipulator what you meant when you said so-and-so.

5. False agreement.

In this case, the manipulator seems to agree with the information received from you, but immediately makes his own adjustments. According to the principle: "Yes, yes, everything is correct, but ...".

Protection is to believe in yourself and not pay attention to manipulative techniques in a conversation with you.

6. Provocation to the scandal.

With insulting words spoken in time, the manipulator tries to provoke anger, rage, misunderstanding, resentment, etc., in you with his ridicule, in order to piss you off and achieve the intended result.

Protection - a strong character, a strong will, a cold mind.

7. Specific terminology.

In this way, the manipulator achieves in you an unconscious belittling of your status, as well as the development of a feeling of inconvenience, as a result of which you, out of false modesty or self-doubt, are embarrassed to ask again the meaning of a particular term, which gives the manipulator the opportunity to turn the situation in the direction he needs, referring to the need for your alleged approval of the words he had previously spoken. Well, belittling the status of the interlocutor in a conversation allows you to be in an initially advantageous position and achieve what you need in the end.

Protection - ask again, clarify, pause and go back if necessary, referring to the desire to better understand what is required of you.

8. Using the effect of false suspicion in your words.

Applying such a position of psycho-influence, the manipulator, as it were, initially puts the interlocutor in the position of a defender. An example of the monologue used: “Do you think I will persuade you, convince you of something ...”, which already, as it were, makes the object want to convince the manipulator that this is not so, that you are initially well disposed towards him (to the manipulator), etc. n. In this way, the object, as it were, reveals itself for unconscious agreement with the words of the manipulator that will follow this.

Protection - words like: “Yes. I think that you should try to convince me of this, otherwise I will not believe you and further continuation of the conversation will not work.

The manipulator operates with quotations from the speeches of famous and significant people, the specifics of the foundations and principles accepted in society, and so on. Thus, the manipulator unconsciously belittles your status, they say, look, all respected and famous people say this, but you think completely differently, and who you are, and who they are, etc. - an approximately similar associative chain should unconsciously appear in the object of manipulation , after which the object, in fact, becomes such an object.

Protection - faith in one's exclusivity and "chosenness".

10. Formation of false stupidity and bad luck.

The statement of the type - this is banal, this is complete bad taste, etc. - should form in the object of manipulation the initial unconscious belittling of his role, and form his artificial dependence on the opinions of others, which prepares the dependence of this person on the manipulator. This means that the manipulator can practically fearlessly promote his ideas through the object of manipulation, pushing the object to solve the problems that the manipulator needs. That is, in other words, the ground for manipulations has already been prepared by the manipulations themselves.

Protection - do not succumb to provocations and believe in your own mind, knowledge, experience, education, etc.

11. Imposing thoughts.

In this case, by means of constantly or periodically repeated phrases, the manipulator accustoms the object to any information that is going to convey to him.

The principle of advertising is based on such manipulation. When at first any information repeatedly appears in front of you (and regardless of your conscious approval or denial of it), and then, when a person is faced with the need to choose a product, unconsciously from several types of goods of unknown brands, he chooses the one about which he already heard somewhere. Moreover, based on the fact that an exclusively positive opinion about a product is conveyed through advertising, it is much more likely that an exclusively positive opinion about this product has been formed in the unconscious of a person.

Protection - the initial critical analysis of any incoming information.

12. Lack of evidence, with hints of some special circumstances.

This is a way of manipulation through a special kind of reticence, forming in the object of manipulation a false confidence in what was said, through unconscious conjecture by him of certain situations. Moreover, when in the end it turns out that he “understood it wrong”, such a person practically does not have any component of the protest, because unconsciously he remains sure that he himself is to blame, because he misunderstood. Thus, the object of manipulation is forced (unconsciously - consciously) to accept the rules of the game imposed on him.

In the context of such a circumstance, it most likely makes sense to divide it into manipulation, taking into account both the unexpected for the object and the forced one, when the object eventually realizes that he has become a victim of manipulation, but is forced to accept them because of the impossibility of a conflict with his own conscience and some kind of inherent into his psyche with attitudes in the form of norms of behavior based on certain foundations of society, which do not allow such a person (object) to make a reverse move. Moreover, an agreement on his part can be dictated both by a sense of guilt falsely evoked in him, and by a kind of moral masochism, forcing him to unconsciously punish himself.

In this situation, the object of manipulation falls into the trap of a manipulator who plays on his own alleged inattention, so that after having achieved his goal, he refers to the fact that he allegedly did not notice (listen to) the protest from the opponent. At the same time, he actually puts the object before the fact of the perfect.

Protection - clarify and ask again what you misunderstood.

14. Belittling irony.

As a result of thoughts uttered at the right moment about the insignificance of his own status, the manipulator, as it were, forces the object to assert the opposite and elevate the manipulator in every possible way. Thus, subsequent manipulative actions of the manipulator become invisible to the object of manipulation.

Protection - if the manipulator believes that he is "insignificant" - it is necessary to continue to give his will, strengthening such a feeling in him, so that he no longer has the thought of manipulating you, and when he sees you, the manipulator has a desire to obey you or bypass you .

15. Focus on the pros.

In this case, the manipulator concentrates the conversation only on the pros, thereby promoting his idea and ultimately achieving manipulation of the psyche of another person.

Defense - to make a number of contradictory statements, to be able to say "no", etc.

The sixth block of manipulations.

Personality manipulation (G. Grachev, I. Melnik, 1999).

1. "Hanging labels".

This technique consists in choosing offensive epithets, metaphors, names, etc. ("Labels") to refer to a person, organization, idea, any social phenomenon. Such "labels" cause an emotionally negative attitude of others, they are associated with low (dishonest and socially disapproved) deeds (behavior) and, thus, are used to discredit a person, expressed ideas and proposals, an organization, a social group or a subject of discussion. in the eyes of the audience.

2. Shining Generalizations.

This technique consists in replacing the name or designation of a certain social phenomenon, idea, organization, social group or a specific person with a more general name that has a positive emotional connotation and evokes a benevolent attitude of others. This technique is based on the exploitation of people's positive feelings and emotions towards certain concepts and words, for example, such as "freedom", "patriotism", "peace", "happiness", "love", "success", "victory", etc. etc. Such words, which carry a positive psycho-emotional impact, are used to push through solutions that are beneficial for a particular person, group or organization.

3. "Transfer" or "transfer".

The essence of this technique is skillful, unobtrusive and imperceptible to most people, spreading the authority and prestige of what they value and respect for what they are presented with a source of communication. The use of "transfer" forms associative links of the presented object with someone or something that has value and significance among others. In addition, negative “transfer” is also used to create associations with negative and socially unapproved events, actions, facts, people, etc., which is necessary to discredit specific individuals, ideas, situations, social groups or organizations.

The content of this technique is to bring the statements of individuals with high authority, or vice versa, those that cause a negative reaction in the category of people on whom the manipulative influence is directed. The statements used usually contain value judgments about people, ideas, events, etc., and express their condemnation or approval. Thus, in a person, as an object of manipulative influence, the formation of an appropriate attitude is initiated - positive or negative.

5. "The game of common people".

The purpose of this technique is to try to establish a trusting relationship with the audience, as with congenial people, on the basis that both the manipulator and the ideas are correct, as they are focused on the common man. Such a technique is actively used in advertising and information promotion and various kinds of propaganda to form the chosen image - "a man from the people" - in order to form trust in him from the side of the people.

6. "Shuffling" or "Juggling the Cards".

7. "Common wagon".

When using this technique, judgments, statements, phrases are selected that require uniformity in behavior, creating the impression that everyone does this. The message, for example, may begin with the words: "All normal people understand that ..." or "no sane person will object that ...", etc. By means of a “common platform”, a person is evoked a feeling of confidence that the majority of members of a certain social community with which he identifies himself or whose opinion is significant to him, accept such values, ideas, programs, etc.

8. Crushing of information supply, redundancy, high rate.

Especially often such techniques are used on television. As a result of such a massive shelling of people's minds (for example, cruelty on TV), they cease to critically perceive what is happening, and perceive it as meaningless incidents. In addition, the viewer, following the fast speech of the announcer or presenter, misses links to the source of information and in his imagination already connects and harmonizes the inconsistent parts of the perceived programs.

9. "Mockery".

When using this technique, both specific individuals and views, ideas, programs, organizations and their activities, various associations of people against whom the struggle is being fought can be subjected to ridicule. The choice of the object of ridicule is carried out depending on the goals and the specific information and communication situation. The effect of this technique is based on the fact that when ridiculing individual statements and elements of a person’s behavior, a playful and frivolous attitude is initiated towards him, which automatically extends to his other statements and views. With the skillful use of such a technique, it is possible for a particular person to form the image of a “frivolous” person whose statements are not trustworthy.

10. "Method of negative assignment groups".

In this case, it is argued that any set of views is the only correct one. All who share these views are better than those who do not share (but share others, often opposite ones). For example, pioneers or Komsomol members are better than informal youth. Pioneers and Komsomol members are honest, responsive, if Komsomol members are called up to serve in the army - they are excellent students in combat and political training. And informal youth - punks, hippies, and so on. - not good youth. Thus, one group is opposed to another. Accordingly, different accents of perception are highlighted.

11. "Repetition of slogans" or "repetition of formulaic phrases."

The main condition for the effectiveness of the use of this technique is the correct slogan. A slogan is a short statement phrased in such a way as to attract attention and affect the imagination and feelings of the reader or listener. The slogan must be adapted to the characteristics of the psyche of the target audience (i.e., the group of people who need to be influenced). Using the technique of "repetition of slogans" assumes that the listener or reader will not think about the meaning of individual words used in the slogan, nor about the correctness of the entire formulation as a whole. We can add to the definition of G. Grachev and I. Melnik on our own behalf that the brevity of the slogan allows information to freely penetrate into the subconscious, thus programming the psyche, and giving rise to psychological attitudes and patterns of behavior, which subsequently serve as an algorithm of actions for a person (masses, crowds) received such settings.

12. "Emotional Adjustment".

This technique can be defined as a way to create a mood while conveying certain information. The mood is evoked among a group of people by various means (external environment, certain times of the day, lighting, mild stimulants, music, songs, etc.). Against this background, relevant information is transmitted, but they strive to ensure that there is not too much of it. Most often this technique is used in theatrical performances, game and show programs, religious (cult) events, etc.

13. "Promotion through mediators".

This technique is based on the fact that the process of perception of significant information, certain values, views, ideas, assessments has a two-stage character. This means that an effective information impact on a person is often carried out not through the media, but through people who are authoritative for him. This phenomenon is reflected in the two-stage communication flow model developed in the mid-1950s in the USA by Paul Lazarsfeld. In the model he proposed, the distinguished two-stage nature of the mass communication process is taken into account, firstly, as the interaction between the communicator and "opinion leaders", and secondly, as the interaction of opinion leaders with members of microsocial groups. Informal leaders, politicians, representatives of religious denominations, cultural figures, scientists, artists, athletes, military, etc. can act as "opinion leaders". In the practice of information and psychological impact of the media, this has led to the fact that information, propaganda and advertising messages have become more focused on persons whose opinions are significant to others. (i.e., "movie stars" and other popular persons carry out evaluations and advertising promotion of the product). The manipulative effect is enhanced by inclusion in entertainment programs, interviews, etc. direct or indirect assessments of such leaders of any ongoing events, which contributes to the desired impact on the subconscious level of the human psyche.

14. "Imaginary choice".

The essence of this technique lies in the fact that listeners or readers are informed of several different points of view on a particular issue, but in such a way as to imperceptibly present in the most favorable light the one that they want to be accepted by the audience. To do this, several additional techniques are usually used: a) include so-called "two-sided messages" in propaganda materials that contain arguments for and against a certain position. This "two-way communication" preempts the opponent's arguments; b) positive and negative elements are dosed. Those. in order for a positive assessment to look more plausible, a little criticism should be added to the description of the described point of view, and the effectiveness of the condemning position increases if elements of praise are present; c) selection of facts of strengthening or weakening of statements is carried out. Conclusions are not included in the text of the above messages. They should be made by those for whom the information is intended; d) there is an operation with comparative materials to enhance the importance, demonstrate trends and scale of events, phenomena. All the evidence used is selected in such a way that the necessary conclusion is sufficiently obvious.

15. "Initiation of an information wave".

An effective technique of information impact on large groups of people is the initiation of a secondary information wave. Those. an event is proposed that will clearly pick up and begin to replicate the media. At the same time, the initial coverage in one media can be picked up by other media, which will increase the power of the information and psychological impact. This creates a so-called. "primary" information wave. The main purpose of using this technique is to create a secondary information wave at the level of interpersonal communication by initiating appropriate discussions, assessments, rumors. All this makes it possible to enhance the effect of information and psychological impact on target audiences.

The seventh block of manipulations.

Manipulative techniques used during discussions and discussions. (G. Grachev, I. Melnik, 2003)

1. Dosing of the initial infobase.

Materials necessary for discussion are not provided to the participants on time, or are given selectively. Some participants in the discussions, “as if by accident”, are given an incomplete set of materials, and along the way it turns out that someone, unfortunately, was not aware of all the information available. Working documents, letters, appeals, notes and everything else that can affect the process and results of the discussion in an unfavorable direction are “lost”. Thus, incomplete informing of some participants is carried out, which makes it difficult for them to discuss, and for others creates additional opportunities for using psychological manipulations.

2. " Too much information."

Reverse option. It consists in the fact that too many projects, proposals, decisions, etc. are being prepared, the comparison of which in the process of discussion turns out to be impossible. Especially when a large amount of materials is offered for discussion in a short time, and therefore their qualitative analysis is difficult.

3. Formation of opinions through targeted selection of speakers.

The word is given first to those whose opinion is known and suits the organizer of the manipulative influence. In this way, the formation of the desired attitude among the participants in the discussion is carried out, because changing the primary attitude requires more effort than its formation. To carry out the formation of the settings necessary for the manipulators, the discussion can also end or be interrupted after the speech of a person whose position corresponds to the views of the manipulators.

4. Double standard in the norms for evaluating the behavior of participants in discussions.

Some speakers are severely restricted in observing the rules and regulations of relationships during the discussion, while others are allowed to deviate from them and violate the established rules. The same thing happens with regard to the nature of the allowed statements: some people do not notice harsh statements about opponents, others make comments, etc. It is possible that the regulations are not specifically established, so that you can choose a more convenient course of action along the way. At the same time, either the positions of the opponents are smoothed and they are “pulled up” to the desired point of view, or, conversely, the differences in their positions are strengthened up to incompatible and mutually exclusive points of view, as well as bringing the discussion to the point of absurdity.

5. "Maneuvering" the agenda of the discussion.

In order to make it easier to pass the “necessary” question, first “steam is released” (initiate a surge of emotions of the audience) on insignificant and unimportant issues, and then, when everyone is tired or under the impression of the previous skirmish, a question is raised that they want to discuss without increased criticism.

5. Management of the discussion process.

In public discussions, the floor is alternately given to the most aggressive representatives of opposition groups that allow mutual insults, which are either not stopped at all, or are stopped only for appearances. As a result of such a manipulative move, the atmosphere of discussion heats up to a critical one. Thus, the discussion of the current topic can be terminated. Another way is to unexpectedly interrupt an unwanted speaker, or deliberately move on to another topic. This technique is often used in the course of commercial negotiations, when, at a prearranged signal from the head, the secretary brings coffee, an “important” call is organized, etc.

6. Limitations in the procedure for conducting discussions.

When using this technique, proposals regarding the procedure for discussion are ignored; bypass undesirable facts, questions, arguments; the floor is not given to participants who, by their statements, may lead to undesirable changes in the course of the discussion. The decisions made are fixed rigidly, it is not allowed to return to them even when new data is received that is important for making final decisions.

7. Referencing.

Brief reformulation of questions, proposals, arguments, during which the emphasis shifts in the desired direction. At the same time, an arbitrary summary can be carried out, in which, in the process of summing up, there is a change in the emphasis in the conclusions, the presentation of the positions of the opponents, their views, and the results of the discussion in the desired direction. In addition, in interpersonal communication, you can increase your status with the help of a certain arrangement of furniture and resorting to a number of tricks. For example, to place a visitor on a lower chair, to have a lot of diplomas of the owner on the walls in the office, in the course of discussions and negotiations, defiantly use the attributes of power and authority.

8. Psychological tricks.

This group includes techniques based on annoying the opponent, using a sense of shame, inattention, humiliation of personal qualities, flattery, playing on pride and other individual psychological characteristics of a person.

9. Annoying the opponent.

Unbalance by ridicule, unfair accusations and other means until he "boils". At the same time, it is important that the opponent not only become irritated, but also make an erroneous or unfavorable statement for his position in the discussion. This technique is actively used in an explicit form as a belittling of an opponent or in a more veiled one, in combination with irony, indirect allusions, implicit but recognizable subtext. Acting in this way, the manipulator can emphasize, for example, such negative personality traits of the object of manipulative influence as ignorance, ignorance in a certain area, etc.

10. Self-praise.

This trick is an indirect method of belittling the opponent. Only it is not directly stated “who you are”, but according to “who I am” and “with whom you are arguing”, the corresponding conclusion follows. Such expressions can be used as: “... I am the head of a large enterprise, region, industry, institution, etc.”, “... I had to solve large tasks ...”, “... before applying for it is... it is necessary to be a leader at least...”, “...before discussing and criticizing... it is necessary to gain experience in solving problems at least on a scale...”, etc.

11. Use of words, theories and terms unfamiliar to the opponent.

The trick succeeds if the opponent hesitates to ask again and pretends that he has accepted these arguments, understood the meaning of terms that are unclear to him. Behind such words or phrases is the desire to discredit the personal qualities of the object of manipulation. Particularly effective in the use of slang unfamiliar to most occurs in situations where the subject does not have the opportunity to object or clarify what was meant, and can also be exacerbated by the use of a fast pace of speech and a lot of thoughts that change one another in the process of discussion. Moreover, it is important to note that the use of scientific terms is considered manipulation only in cases where such a statement is made deliberately for the psychological impact on the object of manipulation.

12. " Lubrication" of arguments.

In this case, the manipulators play on flattery, vanity, arrogance, elevated self-conceit of the object of manipulation. For example, he is bribed with the words that he "... as a person as insightful and erudite, intellectually developed and competent, sees the internal logic of the development of this phenomenon ..." Thus, an ambitious person is faced with a dilemma - either accept this point of view, or reject a flattering public assessment and enter into a dispute, the outcome of which is not predictable enough.

13. Disruption or withdrawal from the discussion.

Such a manipulative action is carried out with the demonstrative use of resentment. For example, “... it is impossible to constructively discuss serious issues with you ...” or “... your behavior makes it impossible to continue our meeting ...”, or “I am ready to continue this discussion, but only after you put your nerves..." etc. The disruption of the discussion using the provocation of the conflict is carried out by using a variety of techniques to drive the opponent out of himself, when the discussion turns into an ordinary squabble that is completely unrelated to the original topic. In addition, tricks such as interrupting, interrupting, raising the voice, demonstrative acts of behavior that show unwillingness to listen and disrespect for the opponent can be used. After their application, statements are made like: “... it is impossible to talk with you, because you do not give a single intelligible answer to a single question”; “... it is impossible to talk with you, because you do not give the opportunity to express a point of view that does not coincide with yours ...”, etc.

14. Reception "stick arguments".

It is used in two main varieties, differing in purpose. If the goal is to interrupt the discussion by psychologically suppressing the opponent, there is a reference to the so-called. higher interests without deciphering these higher interests and without arguing the reasons why they are appealed to. In this case, statements like: “Do you understand what you are encroaching on?!...”, etc. are used. If it is necessary to force the object of manipulation to at least outwardly agree with the proposed point of view, then such arguments are used that the object can accept out of fear of something unpleasant, dangerous, or to which he cannot respond in accordance with his views for the same reasons. . Such arguments may include such judgments as: "... this is a denial of the constitutionally fixed institution of the presidency, the system of supreme legislative bodies, undermining the constitutional foundations of society ...". It can be simultaneously combined with an indirect form of labeling, for example, “... it is precisely such statements that contribute to provoking social conflicts ...”, or “... Nazi leaders used such arguments in their lexicon ...”, or “... You deliberately use facts that contribute to incitement of nationalism, anti-Semitism…” and so on.

15. "Reading in the hearts."

It is used in two main versions (the so-called positive and negative forms). The essence of using this technique is that the audience's attention moves from the content of the opponent's arguments to the reasons he allegedly has and hidden motives why he speaks and defends a certain point of view, and does not agree with the arguments of the opposite side. Can be enhanced by the simultaneous use of "stick arguments" and "labeling". For example: “... You say this defending corporate interests...”, or “... the reason for your aggressive criticism and uncompromising position is obvious - this is the desire to discredit progressive forces, the constructive opposition, to disrupt the process of democratization ... but the people do not will allow such pseudo-defenders of the law to interfere with the satisfaction of his legitimate interests ... ”, etc. Sometimes "reading in the hearts" takes the form when a motive is found that does not allow speaking in favor of the opposite side. This technique can be combined not only with “stick arguments”, but also with “oiling the argument”. For example: "... your decency, excessive modesty and false shame do not allow you to recognize this obvious fact and thereby support this progressive undertaking, on which the solution of the issue depends, which our voters expect with impatience and hope ...", etc. .

16. Logical-psychological tricks.

Their name is due to the fact that, on the one hand, they can be built on the violation of the laws of logic, and on the other hand, on the contrary, they can use formal logic to manipulate an object. Even in ancient times, a sophism was known that required a yes or no answer to the question “Have you stopped beating your father?” Any answer is difficult, because if the answer is “yes”, then it means he beat before, and if the answer is “no”, then the object beats his father. There are many variants of such sophism: “... Do you all write denunciations? ..”, “... Have you already stopped drinking? ..”, etc. Public accusations are especially effective, and the main thing is to get a short answer and not give the person the opportunity to explain himself. The most common logical and psychological tricks include the conscious uncertainty of the thesis put forward, or the answer to the question posed, when the thought is formulated vaguely, indefinitely, which allows it to be interpreted in different ways. In politics, this technique allows you to get out of difficult situations.

17. Failure to comply with the law of sufficient cause.

Compliance with the formally logical law of sufficient reason in discussions and discussions is very subjective in view of the fact that the conclusion about the sufficient reason for the defended thesis is made by the participants in the discussion. According to this law, arguments that are true and related to the thesis may be insufficient if they are of a private nature and do not give grounds for final conclusions. In addition to formal logic in the practice of information exchange, there is a so-called. "psycho-logic" (argumentation theory), the essence of which is that argumentation does not exist by itself, it is put forward by certain people in certain conditions and perceived by certain people who also have (or do not have) certain knowledge, social status, personal qualities, etc. Therefore, a special case, elevated to the rank of regularity, often passes if the manipulator manages to influence the object of influence with the help of side effects.

18. Change of emphasis in statements.

In these cases, what the opponent said about a particular case is refuted as a general pattern. The reverse trick is that one or two facts are opposed to general reasoning, which in fact may be exceptions or atypical examples. Often during the discussion, conclusions about the problem under discussion are made on the basis of what “lies on the surface”, for example, side effects of the development of a phenomenon.

19. Incomplete rebuttal.

In this case, the combination of a logical violation with a psychological factor is used in those cases when the most vulnerable of the positions and arguments put forward by the opponent in his defense is chosen, he is broken in a sharp form and pretend that the rest of the arguments do not even deserve attention. The trick passes if the opponent does not return to the topic.

20. Demanding a clear answer.

With the help of phrases like: "do not evade ..", "say clearly, in front of everyone ...", "say it straight ...", etc. - the object of manipulation is offered to give an unambiguous answer "yes" or "no" to a question that requires a detailed answer or when the unambiguity of the answer can lead to a misunderstanding of the essence of the problem. In an audience with a low educational level, such a trick can be perceived as a manifestation of integrity, decisiveness and directness.

21. Artificial displacement of the dispute.

In this case, having started discussing any position, the manipulator tries not to give arguments from which this provision follows, but suggests immediately proceeding to refute it. Thus, the opportunity for criticism of one's own position is limited, and the dispute itself is shifted to the argumentation of the opposite side. In the event that the opponent succumbed to this and begins to criticize the put forward position, citing various arguments, they try to argue around these arguments, looking for flaws in them, but without presenting their system of evidence for discussion.

22. "Many questions."

In the case of this manipulative technique, the object is asked several different questions at once on one topic. In the future, they act depending on his answer: either they are accused of not understanding the essence of the problem, or that he did not answer the question completely, or of trying to mislead.

The eighth block of manipulations.

Manipulative influences depending on the type of behavior and emotions of a person. (V.M. Kandyba, 2004).

1. First type. Most of the time a person spends between the normal state of consciousness and the state of normal night sleep.

This type is governed by his upbringing, character, habits, as well as a sense of pleasure, a desire for security and peace, i.e. everything that is formed by verbal and emotional-figurative memory. In most men of the first type, the abstract mind, words and logic prevail, and in the majority of women of the first type - common sense, feelings and fantasies. Manipulative influence should be directed to the needs of such people.

2. The second type. Dominance of trance states.

These are super-suggestible and super-hypnotizable people whose behavior and reactions are controlled by the psychophysiology of the right hemisphere of the brain: imagination, illusions, dreams, dreamy desires, feelings and sensations, belief in the unusual, belief in someone's authority, stereotypes, selfish or disinterested interests (conscious or unconscious ), scenarios of events, facts and circumstances occurring with them. In the case of manipulative influence, it is recommended to influence the feelings and imagination of such people.

3. The third type. Dominance of the left hemisphere of the brain.

Such people are governed by verbal information, as well as principles, beliefs and attitudes developed during the conscious analysis of reality. External reactions of people of the third type are determined by their education and upbringing, as well as a critical and logical analysis of any information coming from the outside world. In order to effectively influence them, it is necessary to reduce their analysis of the information presented to them by their left, critical, hemisphere of the brain. To do this, it is recommended to present information against the background of trust in you, and information must be presented strictly and balanced, using strictly logical conclusions, backing up the facts with exclusively authoritative sources, appealing not to feelings and pleasures (instincts), but to reason, conscience, duty, morality, justice, etc.

4. Fourth type. Primitive people with a predominance of right-brain instinctive-animal states.

In their main part, these are ill-bred and uneducated people with an undeveloped left brain, who often grew up with mental retardation in socially disadvantaged families (alcoholics, prostitutes, drug addicts, etc.). The reactions and behavior of such people are controlled by animal instincts and needs: sexual instinct, the desire to eat well, sleep, drink, experience more pleasant pleasures. With a manipulative impact on such people, it is necessary to influence the psychophysiology of the right brain: on the experiences and feelings they have previously experienced, hereditary character traits, behavior stereotypes, on the currently prevailing feelings, mood, fantasies and instincts. It must be taken into account that this category of people thinks mostly primitively: if you satisfy their instincts and feelings, they react positively, if you do not satisfy them, negatively.

5. Fifth type. People with an "expanded state of consciousness".

These are those who have managed to develop a highly spiritual person. In Japan, such people are called "enlightened", in India - "Mahatmas", in China - "perfectly wise Tao people", in Russia - "holy prophets and miracle workers". The Arabs call such people "holy Sufis." Manipulators cannot influence such people, as V.M. Kandyba notes, since they “are inferior to them in professional knowledge of man and nature.”

6. Sixth type. People with a predominance of pathological conditions in their psychophysiology.

Mostly mentally ill people. Their behavior and reactions are unpredictable, as they are abnormal. These people may perform some action as a result of a painful motive or being held captive by some kind of hallucination. Many of these people fall victim to totalitarian sects. Manipulations against such people must be carried out quickly and harshly, causing them fear, a feeling of unbearable pain, isolation and, if necessary, complete immobility and a special injection that deprives them of consciousness and activity.

7. Seventh type. People whose reactions and behavior are dominated by a strong emotion, one or more of the basic basic emotions, such as fear, pleasure, anger, etc.

Fear is one of the strongest hypnogenic (hypnosis generating) emotions that always arises in every person when his physical, social or other well-being is threatened. Experiencing fear, a person immediately falls into a narrowed, altered state of consciousness. The left brain is inhibited with its ability to rational, critical-analytical, verbal-logical perception of what is happening, and the right brain is activated with its emotions, imagination and instincts.

© Sergey Zelinsky, 2009
© Published with the kind permission of the author

To suppress ... means to deprive a person of will, to instill fear in him, to make him complaisant, dependent, submissive ...
Bad, destructive, overwhelming - the reverse side of the good, giving, helping ... - these are the balances of human nature, therefore, to belittle, frighten, suppress is no less natural than to create, do good, help (another thing, what is the balance of creative and destructive in each individual?).

So, if a person on the one hand has joy, success, pleasure, comfort, then on the other hand - disappointment, fear, problems, discomfort - people tend to get not only pleasure - they are afraid and strive to avoid problems, displeasure ...

Fear is one of the basic human emotions. A frightened person is a depressed, weak person, which means - "tame", complaisant ...
People are afraid of something, people have values, people have something to lose. Avoiding problems is one of the leading human needs - few people want bad, frightening, destructive ... - everyone (mostly) wants peace, joy, comfort, improving ...
And manipulators know this well and love to play on it - intimidate, blackmail, compromise, suppress ...

3 directions of overwhelming influence

1. Physical, and subsequent, mental suppression
How? - pushed, beaten, raped, tortured, broken, beaten...
"Hit so that he feels like dying"(Gaius Caligula is a name that has become a common noun for sophisticated cruelty, debauchery and treachery).

2. Moral suppression
- belittling the importance, dignity
- playing on complexes, oversights, mistakes, provoking feelings of guilt ...
- a subtle and rough play on fears, on what a person fears, is afraid of ...
"To subdue the enemy to your will - hit the weak spots"(Sun Tzu "The Art of War")

3. Rough, "tactful" and technical play on real, possible and not possible problems...
“I wouldn’t stop you, but it’s a pity - I see that you have big problems, you keep walking and walking in circles ...”
Problems are the unpleasant side of human life - the “black streak” - few people need ... Plunging into problems, sadness and sorrow, a person is ready to do anything to get rid of it ...
And malicious manipulators know how (and love) to play on this - to intimidate, catch on missteps, artificially create them (provoke, substitute), subtly hint, collect compromising evidence, blackmail, threaten ...

Everyone uses methods of psychological pressure to varying degrees: parents scare children when they do not obey, scammers intimidate people when they do not want to buy, give, bosses, rulers ...
"The path of strength is the surest path"? - manipulation, built on the suppression of the spirit, will, on the fear of being out of favor, came to us from time immemorial.
History shows that many rulers cultivated a sense of fear in order to control people. For example, Timur (Tamerlane) kept in fear and obedience not only his entourage and people, but many peoples conquered by him with unheard-of cruelties...
“Let them hate, if only they are afraid” (lat. "Oderint, dum metuant") the principle of the reign of the 3rd Roman emperor Caligula (etc. - history is full of such examples)

Consider some methods of overwhelming influence

So, “If you don’t want it in a good way…, we’ll be in a bad way…”- the main motivational message of overwhelming influence ... and then tactful (or not tactful) intimidation begins, playing on weaknesses, values, dependencies ..., belittling the significance, dignity ..., threats, set-ups, and subsequent blackmail.

Hard word suppression: psychological karate

When it is necessary to quickly and clearly morally suppress the enemy, break his spirit, will ... they say harshly, briefly and sharply:
- "Shut up and sit down normally before I give you a goat's face..."
- "Right now, monkey, I'll tear your face into a German cross so that you don't dress up ..."(from the novel by A. Bushkov)
- "Shut your mouth - there will be no money ... If you say more - the tongue will dry up. Another word - and regrets will torture you"

Pressing: intense psycho-suppression

If it doesn’t reach someone, or someone goes too far, or there’s no other way with someone ... - you can apply a series of attacking “hits” on the personality of the attacker, which will put him in his place.
The result is a "knockout", or "knockdown", in the form of a slight (or severe) confusion, confusion, loss ...

You have an evil eye ... - I have a normal eye, but your words are definitely bad ... Where did you get this from? I look at you and see - a good guy, and this is a rarity, I know a lot about this, believe me ..., but that's what knocked you down in this life ... Yes ..., a white soul with a black flaw. Life failed? many problems? nothing works? I understand ... drink some water, relax and breathe through your nose, deeper, it helps ...

How to put pressure on complexes, point out mistakes, oversights, provoke feelings of guilt... more

Non-standard move: a sharp immersion in problems...

Behavior can be standard, predictable, understandable, and sometimes non-standard, unexpected and incomprehensible, confusing consciousness, confusing, turning off the ability to reasonably understand what is happening ...

What could be here?
Unexpected, provocative questions in the forehead:
- And they say you used to drink heavily?
- Why aren't you married yet?
- How many times have you been divorced?
Why did you leave your last wife?

Starting negotiations, the representative of the other side may casually throw: "I heard you're having trouble at home?" or "I was told that you are not quite competent in the market conditions..."- and that's it, the person "floated" ...

Corruption: suppression with a destructive word...

"An evil word will enter our ears and fall on our hearts like ice"(proverb of the peoples of Central Asia)

About what "damage, the evil eye ..." is and how to resist them is not badly told in the book by S. Gorin and A. Kotlyachkov "Weapon is a word. Defense and attack with the help of ...":
"... damage" and "evil eye" - the impact of destructive hypnotic instructions received by the subject of influence in a state of hypnotic trance of different depths (up to the lightest trance, bordering on wakefulness)...

under hover damage usually understood as a powerful verbal (verbal) hypnotic message with a wish for harm to a particular person or group of people.
under hover evil eye is understood as a powerful wish for harm to another person through non-verbal (non-verbal) behavior, that is, with a look, facial expressions, gestures.

Other examples of intimidation and psychological pressure

scammers
Doorbell: "Sanitary service. In your house an unprecedented invasion of cockroaches. We poison in all apartments. Sign up!".- “You know, we just cleaned the apartment, we have guests. And no cockroaches." - Today is not present, but tomorrow is. If you do not process, soon hordes will descend on you from your neighbors. Then it will be too late". - “But, excuse me, is it possible to do without serious processing?” -... “In principle, we could give you an excellent imported remedy, which you won't find anywhere. Not free, of course. Plus, you will have to pay a penalty for refusing processing. Sign."

Or: “Sanitation station. We open! We are warning all residents. Tomorrow morning, rats will be poisoned in your entrance. There was a call to the SES, the SES arrived and found rats and rat fleas in your basement. Fleas carry infection. As a result, 4 families have already fallen ill in your entrance. Both children and adults developed skin dermatitis there. We will poison in the morning from 8 to 11. Therefore, at this time, do not go out into the porch in slippers, for example, take out a bucket, otherwise you can bring fleas to your house. Then everything will be removed and washed, do not worry. It won't affect people in any way. When they start poisoning in the basement, rats and fleas will run along the risers. Therefore, you need to process the air vent, all the cracks and holes and the threshold of the apartment. To do this, we give you this drug. It costs 350 rubles. You'll have enough for two years. It will be necessary to pour it here at the threshold and process the ventilation grilles with it so that they don’t climb to you. ”

Selling a "not bad, but insanely expensive" vacuum cleaner:
- “Do you know what it is? - this is what eats you ... every day ... Dust mite saprophyte! (the salesman shows a photograph of a monstrous insect). There are about 400 million of them in this sofa. While you are sleeping, these creatures crawl out and drag a part of you into mattresses, pillows and blankets... And then they eat and shit in the same place... when you touch the sofa, feces rise from it. When the tick dies, cadaveric poison is released from it - the most powerful allergen in the world. Only our vacuum cleaner can get rid of these creatures. And he will also save you from dust, blockages in the pipe and even give a massage ... Do you want to live clean? Want to get rid of asthma and breathe clean, good air? - Yes- Do you need this vacuum cleaner!?-

Human life is always multifaceted. We have many different roles that we play depending on the circumstances of fate. There are such turns in life when we have to subordinate people to ourselves or bend for the sake of other people's interests. In both the first and second cases, we must know the secret methods of psychological suppression, so that, if necessary, either "attack" or "defend".

It should immediately be noted that there are a great many methods of suppressing or, in other words, manipulating the opponent’s consciousness, some we freely use in life without even realizing it, and some can be mastered only after long trainings.

Acceptance of a false question.

The manipulative effect consists in the fact that the manipulator pretends that he wants to clarify something in more detail for himself, for this, he asks the opponent again. However, he repeats his words only at the beginning, and then partially, skillfully changing the meaning of what was said by the opponent to please himself, that is, introducing a different semantic load of conclusions.

To resist, you need to listen very carefully to the words of the manipulator, and noticing the catch, correct what he said with his own remarks. Moreover, this should be done even when the manipulator is trying to move on to another issue, pretending not to notice the clarifications.

Deliberate jumping of topics.

This technique is based on the fact that the manipulator, after voicing certain information, urgently jumps to another topic, preventing the opponent from “protesting” the first one. Naturally, the opponent's attention is automatically reoriented to new data, thereby creating an opportunity for the primary "unopposed" information to enter the subconscious.

In psychology, there is an axiom that after information is in the subconscious, after a while it passes into consciousness, that is, it is realized by a person. Especially this rule "shoots" when the information was vividly, emotionally presented.

In addition, deliberate haste allows the manipulator to touch on many topics at once, skillfully bypassing the "censorship" of the opponent's psyche. At the right moment, part of the unconscious information will affect the opponent's consciousness in a way that is beneficial to the manipulator.

Pseudo-inattention of the manipulator.

This technique is based on a falsely indifferent perception of the opponent's words by the manipulator, thereby psychologically forcing the interlocutor to prove the significance of his beliefs. By controlling the information coming from the opponent, the manipulator easily receives the information that the opponent was not going to spread before. A similar circumstance of the opponent's behavior is inherent in psychology, when a person, by all means, must prove his case with the entire chain of facts available.

False love.

The manipulator plays in front of the opponent a state of adoration, strong love, excessive reverence, thereby obtaining from him, incomparably more than it would be if he openly asked for something.

For protection, the opponent must always have a "cold mind" and not succumb to provocations, regardless of the feelings and behavior of the person in front of you.

Furious pressure.

This method becomes possible due to the fact that the person to whom someone's anger is directed intuitively tries to "calm down" the angry person. Thus, he subconsciously agrees to make concessions to the manipulator.

For protection, you need to show the manipulator your complete calmness and indifference to what is happening, thus confusing him. Or, vice versa, to seize the initiative by responding with verbal anger with an additional visual effect, that is, by touching the manipulator's hand, shoulder.

Too much suspicion.

A similar technique works when the manipulator plays excessive suspicion in front of the interlocutor in any matter. Psychologically, the opponent is trying to "justify himself", thereby weakening the protective barrier of his psyche. At the right moment, the manipulator is left to "push" into the subconscious of the interlocutor the settings he needs.

A variant of protection is a strong-willed confrontation, one's own self-confidence.

Imaginary fatigue.

The manipulator pretends to be very tired. He doesn’t have the strength to talk, listen to objections or prove something, he just needs rest, and the sooner the better. Naturally, the object of manipulation tries to finish the negotiations faster, often agreeing to the terms of the manipulator, who only needs this.

For protection, you need to clearly understand the rule - do not succumb to provocations!

Kindness rendered.

During the conversation, the manipulator informs the opponent in a conspiratorial tone, supposedly “in a friendly way”, how he should act in the proposed situation. Naturally, the decision that he personally needs acts as advice.

For defense, you need to understand that you need to “pay the bills” for any decision, and therefore only the opponent needs to make it.

Factor particular either from the details to the error.

The manipulator focuses the attention of the opponent on one specific detail of the conversation, without giving the opportunity to focus on the main thing. Based on this, the opponent's consciousness concludes that the detail is accentuated and there is no alternative meaning of what was said, although in fact, this is not true. Such a situation often occurs in life, when we judge something without having all the information in our hands, based on one fact.

In order not to fall into a simpleton, you need to strive for self-improvement and constantly update information on issues important for negotiations.

Manipulation with a smile.

At the very beginning of the conversation, the manipulator chooses an ironic tone, as if questioning all the words of the opponent. In this case, the opponent very quickly "loses his temper", thus, in a state of anger, he loses the ability to think critically and makes it difficult to "censor" his consciousness. During this process, consciousness easily misses the information that was previously forbidden.

For effective defense, the opponent needs to show complete indifference to the behavior of the manipulator without losing self-control.

Interruption as a way of leaving thought.

The manipulator does not allow the opponent to express his point of view, constantly interrupting him and directing the train of thought in another direction, beneficial to the provocateur.

As a countermeasure, it is necessary either to ignore the manipulator's remarks or openly ridicule his behavior.

Imitation bias.

At the beginning of the meeting, the manipulator hints to the opponent that he believes that he is unreasonably biased towards him. The opponent, trying to justify himself, that is, to prove the opposite, often goes on about the provocateur, agreeing to conditions that are not favorable for himself.

For protection, it is necessary to critically evaluate the words of the manipulator.

Specific terminology or misleading.

In his conversation, the manipulator intentionally uses an excessive number of specific terms, carefully selecting those little known to the opponent. The opponent, afraid of being convicted of illiteracy, does not specify what lies behind these concepts, thereby not capturing the full meaning of what is happening.

The way to counteract is to always clarify the incomprehensible.

Through humiliation to victory.

The manipulator discredits the opponent, introducing him into a state of altered consciousness by categorically accusing him of stupidity. Often the opponent is “lost” and his thoughts are confused, thus presenting an amazing opportunity for the manipulator to encode the psyche and impose his ideas.

For protection it is necessary to learn to "turn off the brain", not to pay attention to the meaning of the words of the provocateur. You can pretend that you are closely following the course of the conversation, and you yourself either “think about your own”, or focus on the details of the interior, the wardrobe of the negotiators, etc.

Wrong guessing.

During the conversation, the manipulator intentionally does not finish the meaning, thereby forcing the opponent to speculate what he said. Often the opponent does not even notice that he is mistaken. If the deception is revealed, the opponent gets the impression that he himself misunderstood or heard something and, due to his stupidity, fell into a trap.

To defend effectively, your opponent needs to make a decision based on the facts.

"Yes", or the path to consent.

The manipulator constructs the conversation in such a way that the opponent has to constantly respond to his remarks with his consent. After several agreements, the provocateur unobtrusively pushes through his main idea, leading to the solution he needs.

For protection, it is necessary to sharply “knock down” the direction of the conversation.

An accusation of theory or an alleged lack of practice.

The manipulator, after carefully listening to the opponent’s conclusions, issues a “verdict” that all his words are correct only in theory, in practice everything will be completely different. Thus, making it clear that the opponent's thoughts are "not worth a damn", therefore, it makes no sense to take them seriously.

For effective defense, you need to be self-confident and not pay attention to the conjectures of the provocateur.

These methods will act on absolutely any person, because, despite the fact that each of us is individual, the components of the human psyche are arranged in the same way for everyone, with a few exceptions of small details.