The city of Stalingrad: what is it called now, and what was its name before? This will be our conversation.Turning the pages of history, one can understand that the city has a complex, heroic biography.Tsaritsyn, Stalingrad, Volgograd - all these are the names of the same city. Few cities in Russia have changed their names three times in their history.
Tsaritsyn
Let's start the journey into history from the distant 16th century, when the city of Tsaritsyn was erected on the banks of the Volga, designed to become one of the trade and political centers that was needed here, since the river in those days was a means of transportation in summer for ships, in winter - for carts . And this path had to be maintained and protected from enemy attacks.
The wooden fortress erected here in 1589, built by settlers, was burnt down by the tsarist troops. Stone structures appeared in place of the wooden ones. The settlement roamed from place to place, sometimes rebuilding on the right bank of the Volga, sometimes on the left. Either the Cossacks ruled there, or the Adyghes, Circassians, Nogais ran in.
This continued until Peter the Great arrived in the city and ordered the construction of the Tsaritsyno guard line, giving the city his cap and cane, which are kept in the museum to this day. It happened in 1718.
Many more terrible events befell the city of Tsaritsyn: two devastating fires, the raid of Emelyan Pugachev, a settlement on the Volga banks of German colonists.
In the 19th century, Tsaritsyn reached an unprecedented flourishing. The first school opened in the city, doctors began to receive patients, a mustard factory opened, potatoes began to grow in the fields, and a railway line appeared. These events turned out to be only the forerunners of the rapid development of Tsaritsyn as a center of industry and culture.
In 1917, the power of the Bolsheviks was established in the city peacefully, and this served only as another impetus to its rapid flourishing.
Stalingrad
In 1925, the congress of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to give the city the name of I.V. Stalin, who, according to eyewitnesses, was against this and did not even appear at the congress.
As a result of the congress in 1925, the city lost its historical name Tsaritsyn. Stalingrad is a name that marked a new milestone in its development.
New factories and factories are being built, the Stalingrad State District Power Plant is being launched, the Stalingrad Tractor Plant has been put into operation, pedagogical and medical institutes are being opened. Stalingrad (1925-1961), in spite of everything, in the most difficult historical conditions, became the largest industrial and cultural center of the Volga region.
The city developed and got upset until disaster struck our country. In 1941 the Great Patriotic War began.
Battle of Stalingrad
The Nazis moved across the country by leaps and bounds. Stalingrad was an important strategic point for their offensive.
The days from July 17, 1942 to February 2, 1943 are a terrible time for the city and for the whole country, which received the name of the Battle of Stalingrad. According to official figures, more than a million Soviet people died in those days. Among them were old people, women and children.
People died not only in battle - the city was subjected to air raids, as a result of which a huge number of civilians died. Although it is difficult to call those people civilians. Everyone who could hold tools in their hands, young and old, went out to build defenses in the devastated city. Despite the ruin, factories continued to operate, releasing new tanks and shells. Who could, became to the machines.
The command sent more and more military units to the Stalingrad Front. Relentless statistics show that the average life of a fighter on the Stalingrad lines was 24 hours.
They fought for every street, every house. The Nazis joked bitterly, calling that war on the streets of Stalingrad a "rat war."
The real massacre went beyond the highest point near the city - Mamaev Kurgan. From time immemorial, the enemy has been trying to capture this important strategic object. From it, as in the palm of your hand, you could see the whole city and its districts for many kilometers.
Particularly fierce fighting took place in the areas of the artillery and tractor factories, which continued to produce military equipment all this time, which immediately went into battle.
February 2 is the day of the official victory of the Soviet army over the Nazis in the Battle of Stalingrad. This day was a turning point for the outcome of the entire war. In Germany, mourning was declared over the defeat at Stalingrad.
The city of Stalingrad suffered terrible battles. The name of the place that immortalized the memory of the defenders who died here is now known to every resident of the city and all of Russia. A majestic monument to the heroes who gave their lives in that battle rises on Mamayev Kurgan.
In the post-war years, the city quickly began to recover, acquiring the past grandeur and beauty. Destroyed buildings, plants, factories were revived, new ones were built.
Volgograd
The city of Stalingrad: what is the name of this hero city now? No one doubts why the name of the city has changed once again.
The decision to rename was made in 1961. The working people of the country did not want the name of the city to remind of a person whose name was associated with the destruction of a huge number of innocent people.
Changes have taken place on the map of our vast country. The replacement of Stalingrad-Volgograd did not affect the rapid development of the city. Currently, it is a million-plus city that attracts many tourists who remember its heroic history.
There are many memorable places here, and to this day, residents of the whole country remember the city of Stalingrad. What is the name of the panorama of military events now? Of course, the Stalingrad panorama. And how can you rename that battle? No way. It will forever keep the name -Stalingrad battle.
Russia is an ancient country. And on its territory there are many cities whose age has exceeded a thousand years. The historical and cultural heritage that they have preserved is an invaluable gift from generations that have already gone to future generations.
We present you the oldest cities in Russia.
The official date of foundation of one of the cities that now make up the Golden Ring of Russia is 990. And the founder is Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.
Under the leadership of Vladimir Monomakh and Yuri Dolgoruky, the city became an important stronghold for the defense of the Rostov-Suzdal Principality. And under Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, Vladimir became the capital of the principality.
During the Tatar raids (1238 and later), the city surprisingly did not suffer much. Even the Golden Gate has survived to this day, although in a somewhat different form from its original form.
On the territory of Vladimir there is the Vladimirsky Central prison, praised by Mikhail Krug, built under Catherine II. It contained such famous personalities as Vasily Stalin, son of Joseph Stalin, Mikhail Frunze and dissident Julius Daniel.
9. Bryansk -1032 years
It is not known exactly when the city of Bryansk arose. The approximate date of its foundation is 985.
In 1607, the city was burned down so that False Dmitry II would not get it. It was rebuilt and for the second time survived the siege of the Tushinsky Thief troops.
In the 17th century Bryansk was one of the most important trade centers in Russia. And now it is an important industrial center of the country.
8. Pskov - 1114 years
The date of foundation of Pskov is considered to be 903, when the city was first mentioned in the Laurentian Chronicle. Olga, the first Christian princess in Russia and the wife of the Kyiv prince Igor Rurikovich, is from Pskov.
For a long time Pskov was one of the largest cities in Europe and was an impenetrable barrier on the western borders of the country.
And in March 1917, while at the Pskov station, the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II abdicated and became simply a Romanov citizen.
7. Smolensk - 1154
In September, beautiful and ancient Smolensk will celebrate its anniversary - 1155 years since its founding. It is only one year behind its closest rival in terms of being mentioned in the annals (863 versus 862 for Murom).
For many centuries, this "key city" protected Moscow from the encroachments of a number of European countries. During the Time of Troubles, the inhabitants of Smolensk heroically kept the siege in the fortress, which was besieged by Polish troops, for 20 months. Although the Poles still managed to take the city, King Sigismund III, who spent all the money on the siege, had to abandon the idea of \u200b\u200bgoing to Moscow. And the Moscow garrison of the Poles, which did not receive military assistance, surrendered to the Russian militia under the leadership of Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin.
6. Murom - 1155 years
This small town, standing on the left bank of the Oka, is mentioned in The Tale of Bygone Years. Its name, presumably, came from the Muroma tribe, although historians do not exclude the reverse relationship. One of the main characters of the Russian epic epic, the legendary hero Ilya Muromets, originally from the city of Murom. The townspeople are proud of this and even erected a monument to the hero in the city park.
5. Rostov the Great - 1156 years
Rostov, the current center of the Yaroslavl region, has been conducting its official chronology since 862. After its foundation, the city became one of the most important settlements of the Rostov-Suzdal land. And the prefix "Great" appeared to him thanks to the "Ipatiev Chronicle". In it, when describing the events of 1151 (the victory of Prince Izyaslav Mstislavich over Yuri Dolgoruky), Rostov was called the Great.
4. Veliky Novgorod - 1158 years
In early June 2018, Veliky Novgorod will celebrate its 1159th anniversary since its founding. Here, according to the official version, Rurik was called to reign. And in 1136 Novgorod became the first free republic in the history of feudal Russia. The city escaped the fate of many Russian cities and was not affected by the Mongol invasion. Precious architectural monuments of Russia of the pre-Mongolian period have been preserved in it to this day.
3. Staraya Ladoga - over 1250 years old
In 2003, the village of Staraya Ladoga celebrated its 1250th anniversary. Until 1703, the settlement was called "Ladoga" and had the status of a city. The first mention of Ladoga dates back to 862 AD (the time of the calling for the reign of the Varangian Rurik). There is even a version that Ladoga is the first capital of Russia, because in it, and not in Novgorod, Rurik reigned.
2. Derbent - over 2000 years old
If you conduct a survey about which is the oldest city in Russia, then most educated people will name Derbent as such. This sun-drenched city, the southernmost in Russia, located in the Republic of Dagestan, officially celebrated its 2000th anniversary in September 2015. However, many Derbent residents, as well as some scientists conducting excavations on the territory of Derbent, are sure that the city is 3,000 years older.
The Caspian Gates - namely, the ancient name of Derbent - as a geographical object is mentioned as early as the 6th century. don. e. in the writings of the ancient Greek geographer Hecateus of Miletus. And the beginning of the modern city was laid in 438 AD. e. Then Derbent was the Persian fortress of Naryn-Kala, with two fortress walls blocking the way along the coast of the Caspian Sea. And the earliest mention of Derbent as a stone city was in 568 AD or the 37th year of the reign of Shah Khosrov I Anushirvan.
The date of 2000 years is not exact, but more of an anniversary, and refers to the time of the appearance of the first fortifications in Caucasian Albania.
Until 2014, when the Crimean peninsula returned to Russia, Derbent held the title of the oldest Russian city. However, in 2017, Rambler / Saturday media reported that The Scientific Council of the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences recognized Kerch as the most ancient city in Russia. On the territory of the city, the ruins of the ancient Greek colony of Panticapaeum have been preserved. Historically, Kerch is the heiress of Panticapaeum and its age has exceeded 2600 years.
According to archaeological research, the foundation of Kerch refers to the time range from 610 to 590 BC. e. On its territory, historical and architectural monuments belonging to different eras have been preserved. Among them are: mounds with burials of the Bronze Age, the ruins of the city of Nymphaeum, the settlement of Mirmekiy, etc.
Far from immediately, Kerch received its current name, after Panticapaeum ceased to be the historical and cultural center of the Black Sea region.
- In the 8th century, the city came under the rule of the Khazar Khaganate and was renamed from Panticapaeum to Karsha or Charsha.
- In the 10th century, the Northern Black Sea region came under the control of the Rus. The Tmutarakan principality appeared, which also included the city of Karsha, called Korchev. It was one of the most important sea gates of Kievan Rus.
- In the 12th century, Korchevo came under the rule of Byzantium, and in the 14th century it became part of the Black Sea Genoese colonies, and was called Vospro, as well as Cherkio. The local inhabitants have preserved the name Korchev in everyday life.
- In the 15th century, the merchant and diplomat Josaphat Barbaro named the city Chersh (Kersh) in one of the chapters of his essay “Journey to Tanu”.
- In 1475 the Turks took over the Genoese colonies and Cerchio became part of the Ottoman Empire. The city began to be called Cherzeti. He repeatedly suffered from the raids of the Zaporozhye Cossacks.
- In the 16th century, the ambassadors of the Moscow tsars, going to the Crimean Khan, knew the city as "Kerch".
- In 1774, Kerch (already under its final name) became part of the Russian Empire. This happened as a result of the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774.
In order for Kerch to officially top the list of the oldest cities in Russia, it is necessary to obtain the approval of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian government. The management of the East Crimean Reserve prepared the relevant documents last year.
The city that was "lucky" to change names. The first name by which he is known was the name Khlynov. There are several versions of the origin of the name Khlynov. The first is based on the cry of the hly-khly birds that lived in the area where the city was formed: ... A kite flies by and shouts: "Kylno-kylno." So the Lord himself indicated how to name the city: Kylnov ... According to the second, the city was given the name of the Khlynovitsa river, which flows nearby into Vyatka, which, in turn, was named after a breakthrough on a small dam: ... water gushed through it , and the river was given the name Hlynovitsa ... The third theory connects the name with the word hlyn (ushkuynik, river robber), although most experts attribute a later appearance to this word.
The second name of the city was the name Vyatka. Some researchers tend to believe that it came from the name of the territorial group of Udmurts Vatka, who lived in these territories, which was erected to the Udmurt word vad "otter, beaver". However, such an etymology is completely unrealistic from a linguistic point of view. The name Vatka itself was formed from the hydronym Vyatka. According to another version, it is associated with the Vyada people, who had close relations with the Udmurts. Some sources erroneously correlate the word Vyatka with the Vyatichi tribes who lived on the banks of the Oka. However, the word Vyatchane is recognized as the correct self-name, it has established itself as an ethnonym for the inhabitants of the Vyatka region. In addition, historically, such a correlation is completely unjustified: the Vyatichi did not go so far to the east. Nowadays, the most relevant version is the version of L. N. Makarova - she considers the name of the river (Old Russian in origin) with the meaning "larger" (cf. other Russian is more like “more”).
The name Kirov was given to the city after the murder in 1934 of a native of the city of Urzhum in the Vyatka region, Sergei Mironovich Kostrikov (Kirov).
The chronology of the renaming of the city is extremely complex and ambiguous, since few historical documents have been preserved confirming the very fact of renaming. Usually, when they talk about the old names of Kirov, they use the simplified chain of transformations Khlynov - Vyatka - Kirov, and indeed, when founded in 1181, the city was named Khlynov. Starting from 1374 (the first mention of Vyatka), the word Khlynov is not found in any official document or chronicle; section of the so-called "Zalessky" cities after Nizhny Novgorod and Kurmysh. In 1455, a wooden Kremlin with an earthen rampart was built in Vyatka for defensive purposes, which was given the name of the Khlynovitsa River flowing nearby. Subsequently, the name Khlynov spread to the township part of the city, and from 1457 the whole city began to be called Khlynov. in the Kazan. On December 5, 1934, by decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, Vyatka was named after Sergei Mironovich Kirov.
The city is located in a region with a large representation of national minorities, so names in other languages have historically been assigned to it. In Mari, it is called "Ilna" or "Ilna-Ola" ("ola" in translation from Mari means "city"). In the Udmurt language, it is called "Vatka" and "Kylno". In Tatar, the name of Kirov sounds like "Kolyn". All these names are obsolete and are not used in modern speech.
Often in the history of the state united with other states, divided into several other states, or simply changed their name. Therefore, there were many countries and states that do not exist now or exist under other names. The list below does not include all such states, but lists the most prominent of them.
| old state | Modern State(s) | The year the old state ceased to exist | Note |
| Abyssinia, or Ethiopian Empire | Ethiopia | 1974 | An African state that existed for almost a millennium (980 - 1974). |
| Austria-Hungary, or Austro-Hungarian Empire | Austria, Hungary, parts of the Czech Republic, Poland, Italy, Romania, and some Balkan countries | 1918 | A monarchical state founded in 1867, which ceased to exist at the end of the First World War. |
| Basutoland | Lesotho | 1966 | Former British colony. |
| Bengal | Part of India and Pakistan | 1539 | An independent kingdom that existed from 1338 to 1539 |
| Burma | Myanmar | 1989 | The Burmese government officially changed the name back in 1989, but many countries still do not recognize the new name. |
| Great Columbia | Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador | 1830 | A short-lived (1819-1830) state in South America that ceased to exist when Venezuela and Ecuador separated from it. |
| Vermont | US state | 1791 | In 1777, Vermont declared independence from Great Britain, and existed as an independent state until 1791, when it became the first state to join the thirteen existing American colonies. |
| Upper Volta | Burkina Faso | 1984 | Name change. |
| East Pakistan | Bangladesh | 1971 | Province of Pakistan in 1947-1971 |
| German East Africa | See note | 1919 | Former German colony. After independence, several states were formed: Tanzania (Tanganyika), Burundi, and Rwanda |
| German Democratic Republic (GDR; also called East Germany) and Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; also called West Germany) | Germany | 1989 | Merger of the two Germanys. |
| Western Samoa | Samoa | 1998 | Name change. |
| Mesopotamia | Iraq | 1932 | For a long time (1534-1914) the state was under the control of the Ottoman Empire, then (1914-1932) - under the control of Great Britain, until independence in 1932. |
| New Granada | Colombia | 1886 | South American state that was part of Gran Colombia (see above) in 1819-1830, then independent in 1830-1858. In 1858, the state became known as the Confederation of Granada, then, in 1861, the United States of New Granada, in 1863, the United States of Colombia, and finally the Republic of Colombia in 1886. |
| Newfoundland | Part of Canada | 1949 | From 1907 to 1949 Newfoundland was a British dominion with great autonomy. In 1949 joined Canada as a province. |
| United Arab Republic | Syria, Egypt | 1961, 1971 | In 1958-1961. Syria and Egypt (having no common borders) united into a single state. Syria withdrew from the union in 1961, but Egypt retained the name of the United Arab Republic for another decade. |
| Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Empire) | See note | 1923 | The founding date of the empire, around 1300, included parts of present-day Russia, Turkey, Hungary, the Balkan countries, North Africa, and the Middle East. |
| Persia | Iran | 1935 | Name change. |
| Prussia | Germany | 1918 | A state founded in 1660 as a duchy, which became a kingdom in the following century. At the time of its highest prosperity, it included two-thirds of the territory of modern Germany and western Poland. |
| Republic of Zaire | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1997 | Name change. |
| Northern Rhodesia | Zambia | 1964 | Former British colony that existed from 1924 to 1953. From 1953 to 1964 - as part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. |
| North Yemen and South Yemen | Yemen | 1990 | In 1967, Yemen split into two states, North Yemen (officially the Yemeni Arab Republic) and South Yemen (officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen). In 1990, both states united again and formed a single Yemen. |
| Siam | Thailand | 1939 | Name change. |
| Sikkim | State in northern India | 1975 | A monarchical state that was independent from the 17th century until 1861, from 1861 to 1975. - British protectorate. |
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) | See note | 1991 | After the state ceased to exist, fifteen new countries appeared: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and Estonia. |
| Tanganyika and Zanzibar | Tanzania | 1964 | Merger of the former British and German colonies. |
| Texas | US state | 1845 | The Republic of Texas gained independence from Mexico in 1836, and existed as an independent state until 1845, when it was annexed by the United States. |
| Tibet | Part of China | 1950 | Kingdom founded in the 7th century. In 1950, there was an invasion by China, and since then Tibet has been called the Tibet Autonomous Region. |
| Transjordan | Jordan | 1946 | Former British protectorate (1921-1946). |
| Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, Fezzan | Libya | 1951 | Former colonies, first Italian, then British and French. |
| Champa (Champa) | South and central Vietnam | 1832 | Kingdom that existed from the 7th century to 1832 |
| French Equatorial Africa | See note | 1958 | Former French colonial possession. After independence, several states were formed: Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, and Chad. |
| Ceylon | Sri Lanka | 1972 | Former British dominion. |
| Czechoslovakia | Czech Republic, Slovakia | 1993 | Peaceful division into several states. |
| South West Africa | Namibia | 1994 | Former German colony. |
| Yugoslavia | See note | See note | Yugoslavia split into several countries in the 1990s: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, and Slovenia. Yugoslavia officially ceased to exist in 2006. |
| Southern Rhodesia | Zimbabwe | 1980 | Former British colony that existed from 1924 to 1953. From 1953 to 1964 - as part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, from 1965 to 1979. was called Rhodesia. |
| South Vietnam | Vietnam | 1976 | Several different ones that existed in 1954 - 1976. on the territory of modern southern Vietnam states. |
The city, which played a large significant role in the history of Russia, today is a metropolis with a population of over a million people. This article will help you make an excursion into the history of the city and answer the question of what Volgograd used to be called. Throughout the history of its existence, it has changed its name twice.
How Volgograd appeared
What was the name before and how did the city develop? It was founded at the end of the 16th century, but many researchers believe that the settlement existed a long time ago, back in the days of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Along with Samara and Saratov, the city of Tsaritsyn was founded as a fortress by a garrison of military Cossacks and a local governor, Grigory Zasekin, at the behest of Ivan the Terrible after the conquest of the Astrakhan kingdom. from nomad raids. The fortress was guarded around the clock by archers on duty, who raised the garrison from the watchtowers on an alarm signal.
City development
What was the name of Volgograd before 1925? Until that time, he was called Tsaritsyn. The city began to develop rapidly, having moved to the right bank of the great Russian river Volga after the final victory over the wild hordes. Its inhabitants were distinguished by liveliness and enterprise, therefore, from a paramilitary settlement on the outskirts of the state, Tsaritsyn quickly assumed the guise of a merchant city. But in the following centuries of its history, the people often called Tsaritsyn "Ponizovaya freemen", since runaway serfs and peasants from all over Russia gathered in the Lower Volga. History has preserved the names of famous heroes-fighters for the free life of the people - Stepan Razin, Kondraty Bulavin, Emelyan Pugachev.
How did Volgograd get its name?
How the city used to be called and what is the history of each of its names - not everyone knows. Those who are not strong in history are sure that Tsaritsyn was named after Empress Catherine the Great. This is an incorrect assumption, although it is to her that he owes the transformation from a narrowly military settlement into a rapidly developing city. And the name arose thanks to the small river Tsaritsa, from which only a few springs remained. But five centuries ago, the riverbed was full, and it carried its clay waters quite rapidly into the Volga. For its color, the Mongol-Tatars began to call the river Sary-Su, which means "yellow water". Later, this name began to be perceived by ear as the Queen, hence the first name of the city.
The earliest mentions of the Tsaritsyn fortress date back to, therefore, since then this date has been considered official, and it is from it that Volgograd traces its history. What was the name of this city before and where did the first name come from, you now know.
Early 20th century
During the time of the Civil War, the city found itself at the junction of battles between the Red and the White Guards, who captured the city, dealt very cruelly with the Red soldiers who were captured - they were chopped down with checkers. Great damage was inflicted on the city: residential and cultural buildings were wiped off the face of the earth, the water supply and sewerage system, as well as the power plant were put out of action, and industrial enterprises were almost destroyed. Then came the restoration of the city. First, the giants of the industry were launched: metallurgical, sawmill, woodworking plants, then they set up lines for hosiery and clothing factories, built and launched food industry enterprises.
Second name
What was the name of Volgograd before (1925-1961)? In 1925, the city of Tsaritsyn changed its name to Stalingrad. Of course, this renaming is associated with I. V. Stalin, who since 1922 was the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. By this time, the city had 112 thousand people, it ranked nineteenth in terms of the number of inhabitants among the cities of Russia. Two years later, the population was already 140 thousand, which served as an impetus for grandiose housing construction.
In the future, the city, like the whole country as a whole, developed towards industrialization. The country's first tractor plant was built, and "Red October" - a metallurgical plant - began to produce high-quality steel.
War
But the outbreak of war knocked the ground out from under their feet and subjugated everything. From its first days, Stalingrad turned into the largest arsenal in the south-east of Russia. Factories continuously produced and repaired tanks, ships, machine guns. A division of the people's militia and eight battalions were formed on the territory of the city. Defensive construction reached a huge scale. Railway lines were built, which played a huge role in supplying the troops. Since 1942, regular enemy air raids by local air defense forces were reflected in Stalingrad.
The city worked and fought in spite of the fascist invaders, frustrating Hitler's plans. The enemy command sent its selected forces to Stalingrad. If they managed to break the main shock concentration of troops, then this would significantly change the course of the battles. But Stalingrad stubbornly resisted the onslaught, its heroic resistance allowed the Soviet troops to move on a decisive offensive. Having defeated the enemy, the Soviet army created the conditions for the course of the entire war. At the Stalingrad line, the enemy was not only stopped, but also crushed physically and morally.
Memorial Complex
The legendary Battle of Stalingrad was left behind, turning the city into ruins. In memory of this battle, a famous memorial complex was erected on Mamaev Kurgan with the world-famous monument "Motherland Calls!", which has become a symbol of the city. It was built for nine years, its height is 55 meters, weight is 8000 tons, the complex is a part of the monument. It is visible from all parts of the city.
What was the name of Volgograd before? Until 1961, it bore the proud name of Stalingrad, but, despite the historical significance of the name, the country's authorities decided to rename the city, giving it a third name - Volgograd, due to its geographical location. According to historians, this idea was put forward in order to combat Stalin's personality cult.
So you got acquainted with a brief history of the city and now you can answer any question about how the city of Volgograd used to be called.
