What is a federation? This is a voluntary union of separate states, which, having entered the association, become subjects of the formed federation.

If our country has a similar device, then how many subjects RF? In Russia Today there are 85 subjects of the federation.

Types of government

In addition to the federal structure, there are confederations (federations, like confederations, belong to a more complicated model of state structure) and unitary states (a simple form).

Describing the latter, they resort to the term “administrative-territorial structure”, and the phrase “political-territorial structure” is used for federation and confederation, since the constituent parts of such a country are characterized by some autonomy and independence.

Federation Options

The subjects of the federation have several options for education. Depending on this, federations are territorial, national, national-territorial, constitutional, contractual and mixed. The USSR, like the United States, belonged to a treaty federation, the Russian Federation - to a mixed one. What does it mean? This means that such educational processes as unification and decentralization proceed in parallel. The formation of the state is based on both constitutional and contractual methods. Therefore, a mixed federation is also called constitutional-contractual.

Complex device

The Russian Federation is a country consisting of entities with equal rights. This provision was enshrined in the main law of the country - the Constitution - in 1993. And how many subjects in the Russian Federation were there at that time? 89. federal structure any such country is quite complicated - the subjects can be both republics and territories, as well as states, lands, regions.

Independent territories with their own authorities, voluntarily, on an equal footing, unite into a union. unitary state characterized only by administrative-territorial division. The device of the federation is therefore more complex, because it is connected both with the relationship of various subjects with the federal authorities, and with each other.

The owner of the largest number of subjects

Russia is the largest country on the planet. And it has more subjects than other states of this type - for example, in the USA there are 50 states, in Germany - 16 lands, in Brazil - 26 states and 1 federal district, in India - 25 states, and in Ethiopia - 9 states and two city-regions. There are many states with a federal structure on 5 inhabited continents - 6 each in Europe and Asia, 3 in Africa, 7 in America and 2 in Australia and Oceania.

What can be a federal subject

"How many subjects in the Russian Federation?" - a question that does not lose its relevance. As noted above, in 1993 there were 89 of them, most recently, in 2014, - 83, and with the entry of Crimea and Sevastopol into the country, it became 85.

Communities, or state-legal formations, or subjects that together form the Russian Federation, are divided into 6 types. The first includes the republics, the second - the territories, then the regions follow. There are also federal cities. There is no need to talk about autonomous regions in the plural, since it is one of the subjects. The list of species is closed, into which all subjects of the Russian Federation, autonomous regions are divided.

Republic

The structure of our country is distinguished by originality and uniqueness, and it must be considered in more detail. What is a republic and how many subjects in the Russian Federation of this type? The Russian Federation includes 22 republics. In the basic law of the country, it is characterized as a state. Its status is determined by the Constitution not only of Russia, but also of its own. The republic has the right to establish its own language, and in this it differs from other species.

Territories, regions and cities with special status

How many subjects in the Russian Federation are called territories and how many are there? Kraev 9, and they are scattered throughout the vast territory of Russia. What is the peculiarity of these formations? The status of the region as a region and city of federal significance is primarily determined by the Constitution of Russia and its own charter (they do not have a constitution), adopted at the regional, regional and city levels.

And how many subjects in the Russian Federation bear the names of regions, how many cities of federal significance? Regions - 46, cities in total 3 - Moscow, St. Petersburg and Sevastopol.

Autonomous regions and districts

This is followed by autonomous regions, whose status is determined by the basic law and their own charter. A characteristic feature is the fact that in relation to the autonomous region, a federal law can be adopted on the subjects of the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and on the subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the autonomous region. There is only one Jewish Autonomous Region in the Russian Federation with its capital in Birobidzhan. There are also autonomous regions. How many subjects in the Russian Federation are included or related to them and what are they called? There are only 4 of them, and they are located as follows. Nenets and Chukotka are located in the Far North, like most of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. But the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, located in Western Siberia, is located closer to the south.

Symmetric federation

The unique state structure of the Russian Federation is based on the integrity of the country, the unity of the state system. power, equality of self-determination of peoples. The main principle is the delimitation of the subjects of jurisdiction and powers between federal and local authorities. In comparison with the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978, the number of subjects in the Russian Federation has increased. The new Russia has become a symmetrical federation (there are also asymmetric ones), that is, all its subjects have equal rights, although there are disputes among scientists about whether there is a pure symmetrical federation at all and whether a country that includes autonomies can be considered symmetrical federation.

ever changing number

The number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation has changed all the time since 1993. It has already been pointed out that as of December 12, 1993, the number of subjects in the Russian Federation was 89. Legislative activity went on from 1995 to 2008, and as of March 1, 2008, there were 83 subjects in the Russian Federation. The answer to the question “how many subjects are now in the Russian Federation” has already been answered - 85. In 2014, the Crimean peninsula and the federal city of Sevastopol, as a result of the will of the population expressed in a referendum, were annexed to Russia. Previous changes were also made taking into account the opinions of the population of one or another region that wished to enter the district or region.

Division of subjects by federal districts

There are other types of either divisions or associations to which subjects of the Russian Federation are subject. So, all 85 subjects are divided or united into federal and military districts and economic regions. This begs the question of how many federal districts there are in Russia and in each of them how many subjects of the federation. In the Russian Federation, all 85 subjects are combined into 9 federal districts. The Central District included 18 state-legal entities (subjects), the South - 6 subjects, the North-West - 11, and the Far East - 9.

Then come the Siberian (12) and Ural (6), Volga (14), North Caucasian (7) and Crimean (2) districts. Initially, at the time of creation, there were only seven of them. Then, in 2010, the North Caucasian Federal District separated from the Southern Federal District, and in 2014, as noted above, the Crimean Federal District was formed. Federal districts were created on the principle of military districts and economic regions, but they do not always coincide with them in terms of the number of subjects being combined. The purpose of the creation is to strengthen the vertical of power and ensure the effectiveness of the development of a particular industry.

The largest and smallest entities

The largest subject of the Russian Federation is the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which belongs to the Far Eastern District and covers an area of ​​3,083,523 square kilometers, which is just over 18% of the area of ​​the entire Russian Federation. The smallest subject is the federal city of Sevastopol - the occupied area is 1080 sq. km, or 0.01%.