December Uprising Park July 24th, 2012

Very close to the metro station "Ulitsa 1905 Goda" in Moscow is the park of the December uprising. It is also known as the park named after the December armed uprising, or the square of 1905, as well as the square on Tryokhgorny Val. The park is named after the December Uprising of 1905.


The park itself is not very large, and really looks more like a square enclosed between residential skyscrapers.








In the southern part of the park there is a monument to V.I. Lenin sitting in an armchair (sculptor B.I. Dyuzhev, architect Yu.I. Goltsev). The monument was erected here in 1963. It was damaged by vandals - a strong dent was made on the head.





There are also playgrounds in the park:




In the center of the park there is an obelisk "To the Heroes of the December armed uprising of 1905", built in 1920 with the money of the workers of Presnya. The monument is included in the list of cultural heritage sites of Moscow.




In the northern part of the park there is a monument "Cobblestone - the weapon of the proletariat".


This is a bronze copy of the famous sculpture by I.D.Shadr. The monument was erected in the park in 1967 (architects - M.N.Kazarnovsky, L.N.Matyshin). Behind the sculpture is a small stone wall. In the past, bronze letters were attached to it, from which V.I. Lenin's statement was formed: "The feat of the Presnensky workers was not in vain. Their sacrifices were not in vain." However, there are currently no letters on the wall. The monument is included in the list of cultural heritage sites of Moscow.






Very close to the park of the December uprising at the corner of Shmitovsky passage and street 1905 there is a small square where the sculptural composition "Eternal Friendship" is installed. Its authors are Dmitry Ryabichev and his son Alexander Ryabichev. The sculpture was installed on June 16, 1989 as a sign of friendship between the Krasnopresnensky district of the city of Moscow and the Bavarian region of Denkendorf.


There is also a memorial sign-stele in honor of N.P. Schmit, an active participant in the 1905 revolution and the owner of a furniture factory in Presnya. It was in memory of him that Shmitovsky Proezd was named.


Yes... it really works.


Since the entire area surrounding the park is associated with revolutionary events, we will end our walk near the monumental monument "To the Heroes of the Revolution of 1905-1907". Its authors are sculptors O.A.Ikonnikov and V.A.Fedorov, architects M.E.Konstantinov, A.M.Polovnikov, V.M.Fursov. The monument was erected next to the lobby of the Ulitsa 1905 Goda metro station in 1981. The monument faces Krasnaya Presnya Street.

Only own photographs were used - date of shooting 21.04.2011 and 25.05.15

The address: Moscow, Mantulinskaya street, property 5. metro station "Krasnopresnenskaya", "Street of 1905", "Exhibition"
How to get there: From metro station Street 1905 (exit to Krasnopresnenskaya Zastava Square), then along 1905 street to the intersection with Mantulinskaya street, to the right. Travel time from metro ~ 13-15 min.
From Krasnopresnenskaya metro station by bus number 4 to the stop "Mantulinskaya street". Travel time (excluding waiting for the bus) ~ 8-10 min.
From Vystavochnaya metro station (exit to the 1st Krasnogvardeisky passage) on foot along the 1st Krasnogvardeisky passage towards the Center. Travel time from metro station ~ 15 min.

According to one version, the name of the estate was given by the stream of the same name, which feeds the water ensemble of the park on the territory of the estate.
The first owner of the estate is considered to be the hero of the Battle of Kulikovo, cousin of Dmitry Donskoy Prince Vladimir the Brave.
Later, the estate passed to the family of princes Gagarin, but it became most famous thanks to another owner - the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 A. Zakrevsky, later the Minister of the Interior, Adjutant General of Emperor Nicholas I and the Moscow military governor general.
The veteran turned his estate into a monument to the war of 1812. Canals filled with spring water were dug in the manor garden, and each of the rectangular islands formed by them was dedicated to the commander, under whose command Zakrevsky himself had to fight. On each of these islands he erected busts of his generals.
In addition, a white-stone octagonal tower, called the “Octagon”, was built above the spring.
After the revolution of 1917, the territory of the estate was taken over by the Society of Horticultural Fans. And in 1932, when a park was opened here (now Krasnaya Presnya PKiO), some of the canals were filled up, and the bridges were changed.
To date, almost all the monuments erected in honor of the war of 1812 have been lost, except for the Tuscan column in honor of the victory of 1812 (although there are no inscriptions and a winged figure with a sword left on it) and the white-stone pavilion-tower "Octagon" - architect estates of D.I. Zhilardi.

Homestead security: front cast-iron gates (recreated in the 1990s), a park with canals, a fountain and bridges (1970), the Oktogon garden pavilion (in the 1980s moved several tens of meters to the west (located on Mantulinskaya street to the left of the entrance), Tuscan column on the island.

Krasnogvardeisky (Studenets) ponds Three Krasnogvardeisky ponds are located in the former floodplain of the Studenets River, enclosed in an underground collector.
Upper and Middle ponds are rectangular; The lower one is irregularly quadrangular. They are extended in a southerly direction at 75, 165 and 190 m. Width up to 30, 40 and 85 m.
Area 0.2; 0.5 and 1.3 ha, respectively.
The Lower Krasnogvardeisky Pond has earthen banks (a strip 0.5 to 3 m wide), but further from the water there is a low wall of concrete slabs.
Supply and discharge of water through pipes. It communicates with the Middle Krasnogvardeisky Pond.
It is used for near-water recreation, coastal walks and amateur fishing (carp, rotan).

1. Map of the area in 1859
2. Gate of the estate Studenets on Mantulinskaya (view from the park), 1928. Source - TsIGI archive.

Lower Krasnogvardeisky Pond	Krasnopresnensky park	Krasnopresnensky park. Monument to V.I. Lenin. Opened in 1976 by sculptor N.I. Bratsun, architect V.N. Eniosov.
Krasnopresnensky park. Monument to V.I. Lenin	Mantulinskaya st., 5/1 building 7. Former cinema "Krasnaya Presnya"	Krasnopresnensky park
Front iron gates (recreated in the 1990s).	Garden pavilion "Oktogon".	Manor Studinets. Architect D.I. Gilardi.
	Canal park.	Krasnopresnensky park

Krasnopresnensky district of the capital. Here, every street, every lane is a witness to the rebellious December days of 1905, which Vladimir Ilyich Lenin called the "dress rehearsal" of the Great October Socialist Revolution.

In the names of the streets - December, Druzhinnikovskaya, Barrikadnaya, 1905, Vosstaniya Square, in granite obelisks and bronze monuments, in the inscriptions on marble plaques mounted on the walls of factory buildings - the breath of the unforgettable 1905 is felt in everything.

The symbol of the proletarian courage and revolutionary stamina shown by the Presnensky workers in the heroic days of the first Russian revolution is the majestic monument erected on Krasnopresnenskaya Zastava Square near the Ulitsa 1905 Goda metro station. Built according to the project of sculptors O. A. Ikonnikov, V. A. Fedorov and architects M. E. Konstantinov, A. M. Polovnikov, V. N. Fursov in honor of the 75th anniversary of the December armed uprising of 1905, it was solemnly opened on the eve of the beginning of the XXVI Congress of the CPSU - February 17, 1981.

Three five-meter bronze sculptural groups rose on a low, long pedestal of polished red granite. In the center of the composition are combatants with weapons in their hands under a fluttering banner. In their images, as it were, the features of the leaders of the insurgent Moscow proletariat, such as N. E. Bauman and Z. Ya. Litvin-Sedoy, are embodied.

To their right is a fight between an unarmed worker and a girl with a mounted gendarme - in memory of the episode when young weavers from Trekhgorka Maria Kozyreva and Alexandra Bykova (Morozova) with a red banner boldly rushed towards the Cossacks and forced them to turn back.

On the left - a fallen fighter of the revolution and a woman in anger and grief, raising her hands clenched into a fist.

On the pedestal is the inscription: "Dedicated to the Revolution of 1905-1907".

"Here on December 7, 1905, with a powerful factory horn, the workers of the workshops of the Moscow-Brest railway announced the beginning of a general political strike and an armed uprising in Presnya",- says a memorial plaque (1974, sculptors G. D. Raspopov, V. I. Yudin, architect G. P. Karibov) on the main building of the electric machine building plant "In Memory of the Revolution of 1905".

For ten minutes, in the frosty air, the call-up whistle of the railway workers was heard, at the signal of which the entire working Moscow went on strike.

On December 11, the newspaper Izvestia of the Moscow Soviet of Workers' Deputies wrote: "A number of bloody battles of the insurgent people with the tsarist troops have been going on for many hours on the streets of Moscow ... Rifle volleys are constantly crackling. Cannons are firing at the gathering crowds of workers. Snow covering the street bridges richly watered with the fresh blood of freedom fighters."

The most stubborn and brutal battles happened to endure the fighting squads of Presnya, to which armed workers' detachments from other regions constantly reached out. A detachment led by Mikhail Vasilievich Frunze arrived from Ivanovo-Voznesensk to help the Presnya residents.

One of the sights of the revolutionary Krasnaya Presnya is the former Gorbaty Bridge (the corner of Konyushkovskaya and Rochdelskaya streets), in memory of the bloody battles between the workers and the tsarist troops, it was named the bridge named after 1905. Here, during the days of the uprising, barricades were erected, blocking the path from the city center to the strongholds of the fighting squads of the Shmit furniture factory, the Danilovsky sugar factory (now the Mantulin factory) and the former Prokhorovskaya manufactory ("Trekhgorka").

This stone bridge was built at the end of the 17th century to replace one of the wooden dams that once blocked the mouth of the Presnya River, forming a chain of ponds. Only the upper ponds on the territory of the zoo have survived, the rest were filled up over time. Gradually, the bridge itself almost completely sank into the ground.

The restorers restored it. Again faced with white stone, the roadway was covered with paving stones. Stone parapets, as before, are connected by wooden railings. Street lights from the beginning of the 20th century are installed on the bridge. An artificial reservoir was created under its arched span. And next to the renovated bridge, on a granite pedestal, a bronze three-figure sculptural composition dedicated to "To Heroes of Vigilantes, Participants of Barricade Battles on Krasnaya Presnya".

In a single impulse, a young worker with a rifle, an elderly combatant who was mortally wounded in a fight with the enemy, and a worker with an unfurled red banner in her hands are captured.

The opening of the revolutionary memorial, created by the sculptor D. B. Ryabichev and the architect V. A. Nesterov, took place on December 22, 1981.

"Krasnaya Presnya was the main fortress of the uprising, its center. The best fighting squads led by the Bolsheviks concentrated here,"- reads the inscription on the wall of the vestibule of the Krasnopresnenskaya metro station, in front of which stands a bronze sculpture of a combat worker on a three-meter pedestal of polished granite.

The monumental figure of the armed worker embodies the heroism and greatness of the proletariat, which raised an uprising against tsarism.

The statue of the Fighter of the fifth year, built in 1955, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the revolutionary battles of 1905, was created by the sculptor A. E. Zelensky and the architect K. S. Alabyan, the author of the Krasnopresnenskaya metro station.

In the square named after 1905, a memorial ensemble was built in memory of the heroes of the first revolution in Russia.

The bronze sculpture of a worker breaking a stone out of a cobblestone pavement to use it as a weapon is mounted on a low granite slab. Behind it is a wall lined with light gray granite, on which Lenin's words are placed from overlaid bronze letters: "The feat of the Presnya workers was not in vain. Their sacrifices were not in vain."

This is a bronze copy of the famous sculpture "Cobblestone - the weapon of the proletariat", created by I. D. Shadr back in 1927 and since then has been constantly on display at the Tretyakov Gallery.

Memorial "Cobblestone - the weapon of the proletariat"

"To the Heroes of the December Uprising of December 1905",- an inscription was carved on a black granite obelisk, installed in the park on the street of 1905 in 1920, with the money collected by the workers of Krasnaya Presnya.

For twelve days, from December 7 to 19, an unequal bloody battle lasted, which excited all of Russia. For twelve days, Presnya was in the hands of the workers.

On December 15, by order of Nicholas II, the Semenovsky Life Guards Regiment with two thousand soldiers arrived from St. Petersburg to Moscow to suppress the uprising, and then the Ladoga Regiment.

The fighting went on day and night. Presnya blazed in the glow of a fire. The combatants managed to hold back the first onslaught of the tsarist troops, but further resistance became impossible, and on December 19 the heroic Presnya stopped the fight.

On Druzhinnikovskaya Street in the Pavlik Morozov Children's Park, there is another granite memorial, also built in 1920, on the front side of which there is an inscription carved in a niche: "December uprising on Presnya. December 1905 December 1920." and above - a sickle and a hammer.

The obelisk was erected on the spot where, during the uprising, there was a furniture factory of Shmit, the fighting squad of which put up especially stubborn resistance to the Guards-Tsam-Semenovites.

Nikolai Pavlovich Schmit (1883-1907) - student of Moscow University. Having inherited the factory from his father, he did a lot to improve the lives of the workers. He reduced the working day from 12 to 9 hours, raised wages, actively promoted the creation of an underground Bolshevik organization at his enterprise. During the uprising of 1905, he armed the workers at his own expense.

On the night of December 17, 1905, Nikolai Shmit was arrested and, after 14 months of imprisonment, was killed in a prison cell.

The memorial sign, which has the shape of a cube, lined with granite, depicts a relief portrait and an inscription engraved in copper: "Shmit Nikolai Pavlovich student revolutionary, an active participant in the preparations for the December armed uprising of 1905 on Presnya. On February 13, 1907, he was brutally murdered by the tsarist secret police in Butyrskaya prison."

A memorial sign to N. P. Shmit (sculptors G. D. Raspopov, V. I. Yudin, architect G. P. Karibov) was erected in Shmitovsky passage and opened on December 9, 1971.

"To the fighter for the working cause Mantulin Fedor Mikhailovich, who was shot in 1905 on December 19",- reads the inscription on a white marble board, mounted on a granite slab, installed in 1920 in the courtyard of house number 24 on Mantulinskaya Street.

F. M. Mantulin (1880-1905) worked as a machinist at the Danilovsky sugar factory (now the Krasnopresnensky sugar refinery named after Mantulin). During the days of the December armed uprising, he was the organizer and leader of the plant's combat squad. On December 19, early in the morning, when the tsarist troops broke into the territory of the plant, many workers were arrested and some were shot.

"Sleep, dear comrades, we will avenge you. You were the first to raise the banner of the uprising. We brought it to the dictatorship of the proletariat. We swear to bring it to the triumph of world communism. From the workers of the Krasnopresnenskaya Trekhgornaya monastery. 1905-1923",- carved on a marble plaque, mounted on the facade of one of the buildings of the weaving factory, under the names of 14 defenders of Presnya, who were shot on December 21, 1905.

The residents of the Perovsky district of the capital also carefully keep the memory of the participants in the revolution of 1905, whose combat squads fought against the Cossacks and cadets on Kalanchevskaya (now Komsomolskaya) Square during the December events. Having blocked the Kazansky railway station, they, under the command of the machinist A.V. Ukhtomsky, disarmed the military echelons that were going along the Kazan railway to Moscow.

After the suppression of the uprising, the Perovtsy vigilantes from the Ukhtomsky detachment were shot. Alexei Vladimirovich Ukhtomsky (1876-1905) was also executed in Lyubertsy.

In memory of the Perov workers who fell in the struggle against tsarism, a bronze sculpture of a worker was erected on Kuskovskaya Street on a granite pedestal (sculptor V.V. Glebov, architect A.M. Kaminsky). Carved on the pedestal: "Participants of the Moscow December uprising of the revolution of 1905 from the workers of the city of Perovo. November. 1957."

A street and a lane in Moscow and one of the stations of the Moscow Railway near Lyubertsy, where a monument was erected to the hero of the Revolution of the Fifth Year (1960, sculptor N. A. Dvoretskaya) are named after the driver A. V. Ukhtomsky.

On the south side of the Tsaritsynsky Pond (Krasnogvardeisky District, Lenino-Dachnoye residential area) in 1977, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, a granite obelisk was erected, dedicated to the memory of those who in 1905 took up arms to fight against tsarist autocracy, and in 1917 he fought for the establishment of workers' and peasants' power.

The monument was erected at the place where the veterans of two revolutions were buried. On it, decorated with a chased image of a fluttering banner with the slogan "All power to the Soviets", 46 names are carved and among them is the name of F. S. Shkulev, whose song "We are blacksmiths" has survived decades.

Filipp Stepanovich Shkulev (1868-1930) - one of the founders of Russian proletarian poetry, a worker, a native of a peasant family in the village of Pechatniki, which became part of the Lublin district of Moscow. Therefore, there is a street named after him. The song "We are blacksmiths" was written by him in the midst of the 1905 revolution. Its revolutionary pathos was highly appreciated by V. I. Lenin. It is no coincidence that in May 1912, when the workers' newspaper Pravda was being born, Vladimir Ilyich invited F. S. Shkulev to cooperate in it. The memory of the Bolshevik poet is carefully kept by the students of school No. 773, on Polbina Street, 18. A museum room dedicated to Shkulev has been created in it.

The park was founded in 1932 on the territory of the monument of landscape architecture of the XVIII century - the estate "Studenets". This is the only example of the park of the time of Peter the Great "in the Dutch manner" that has been preserved in Moscow. It is believed that the name "Studenets" appeared due to the key well near the road. The water from this well was famous for its taste and mineral qualities throughout Moscow.

The first information about this place dates back to the 14th-15th centuries, when the entire territory on the banks of the Moskva River at the confluence of the Studenets stream was occupied by the village of Vypryazhkov, owned by Prince Vladimir Andreevich Serpukhovsky. In the second quarter of the 15th century, the village passed to the Novinsky Monastery, which owned it until the beginning of the 18th century. At this time, the lands were granted to the Siberian governor, Prince Matvey Petrovich Gagarin. He laid the foundation for the estate, planned a park with artificial ponds, built a wooden palace.

In 1721, Gagarin was convicted and hanged for bribery and embezzlement, and all his property, including the estate, was confiscated. Under Anna Ioannovna, the lands were returned to his son Alexei. Under him, the estate became a place for out-of-town festivities with the name "Gagarin's Ponds".

Alexei Gagarin's daughter Anna married Privy Councilor Count D.M. Matyushkin and received the estate as a dowry. Her daughter Sofya Matyushkina, in turn, married Count Yu.M. Vielgorsky and also received the estate as a dowry. Her son Matvey Vielgorsky sold the estate in 1816 to the merchant N.I. Prokofiev, from whom she passed to Count Fyodor Tolstoy. His daughter Agrafena Tolstaya married the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, General Arseny Zakrevsky, and received the estate as a dowry. Zakrevsky is credited with the arrangement and transformation of the estate.

Under him, the manor house was rebuilt (project), a unique system of canals and ponds was created, a landscape layout of the park with asymmetrically located pavilions. The main idea of ​​Zakrevsky was to create a kind of monument to the Patriotic War of 1812 here. He filled the park with sculptures of military leaders, erected a monument to the war in the form of a Tuscan column (architect V.P. Stasov, preserved). An octagonal arbor-fountain “Octagon” (architect D.I. Gilardi) was placed above the well with spring water. At the end of 1973, the pavilion was moved to another location. It survived with some losses.

In 1831, Zakrevsky sold the estate to P.N. Demidov, who in 1834 presented it to the state with the aim of arranging a school for the Russian Society of Gardeners in it. After the nationalization of the estate in 1918, the Society of Gardeners was located here. Many new plantings appeared on the territory, but at the same time many monuments were lost, bridges were demolished, some channels were filled up, sculptures were destroyed, the palace was destroyed. In the 1920s the park was crossed by a railway line from Trekhgornaya Zastava.

In 1998, the main entrance gates of the park were recreated, but in a new place. In 2010, the restoration of the manor house began.

From the Soviet period, the remains of a summer theater and a monument to V.I. Lenin (sculptor N.I. Bratsun, architect V.N. Eniosov).

The main plantings in the park are poplar and linden alleys, there are willows. The area of ​​the park is 16.5 hectares.