It can be seen that most of the coastline of Australia, with the exception of its eastern coast, has already been explored.
This was made possible by the voyages of the Dutch in the 17th century, about a hundred years earlier than Captain James Cook, who, on the barge Endeavor (HMS Endeavor), explored and mapped the east coast of Australia.
Thus, the ship "Prince William" can be considered a typical representative of the "East Indian" of that era.
was one of the best merchant ships of its time
With a displacement of about 2000 tons, owned by the United Dutch East India Company (Vereendige Oostindische Compagnie) (there was, in addition, the British East India Company).
The ship "Prince Willem" 
The ship "Prince Willem" Her keel was laid down at Middleburg in 1649. The Prince William was an unusually elegant ship. Its carved details aroused genuine admiration. The prow figure in the shape of a lion preparing to jump was just one of dozens of sculptures that adorned the prow, stern and sides of the ship. This decoration has been completed. despite the prudence and avarice of the Dutch burghers. However, it is known that, having spent huge sums on paying for the art of wood carvers, the total salary budget for those masters who came later to paint was only 160 florins. Painters and artists found an original way out of this situation. In the absence of money for final gilding, they initially painted the carvings and sculptures with yellowish ocher, then covered them with a resin composition mixed with sulfur. Bright sunlight or the light emitted by two lanterns located at the stern of the ship gave the impression that the sculptures and carvings were gilded. Stern decorations thus began to look great.
The decor of the stern also included the armorial shields of the city of Middleburg and the United Dutch East India Company, plus a carved bas-relief of Prince William II, which was surrounded by lions and angels blowing trumpets, in addition to naiads, warriors and dolphins. On its first voyage to the shores of Batavia, the ship set off on May 5, 1651, with a crew of 176 people: including 93 members of the boarding team and 22 women and children.
The ship "Prince Willem" After one voyage to Batavia,
from which "Prince Willem" left on December 19, on her return to Holland on June 28, 1652, she was annexed from the Company along with four other ships for the needs of the navy for the war with England.
The ship "Prince Willem" To use it as a battleship. Before the war, the ship underwent modernization: in addition to the destruction of the forecastle and quarterdeck bulkheads, 6 guns were added to the gun batteries below deck, opening 3 new gun ports on each side of the bow, and the cockpit was also removed.
The ship "Prince Willem" For a period, Prince Willem served as the flagship of the famous Admiral Witte de Witt; in October 1652, she took part in the battle of the Downs, when she was significantly damaged. In 1653, "Prince Willem" was returned to the owners - the United Dutch East India Company and was again converted into a "merchant". In total, the ship made 17 voyages, most of them between Zeeland and Batavia, bringing huge profits to her owners from the Company.. December 23, 1661, "Prince Willem" sailed from Batavia in a composition of three ships towards the Netherlands.
The ship "Prince Willem" The flotilla was commanded by Arnold de Vlaming van Odshorn, governor of Ambon.
The small fleet never reached the port of their destination: perhaps due to a severe storm, the ships were wrecked near Brandon Island, drowning with all their cargo.
Most often, such crashes occurred due to a sharp squall of wind with uncorrugated sails.
The ship "Prince Willem" The photographs show the model of the vessel
before mobilization without additional tank guns, as a typical representative of a merchant ship.
The model is made according to the drawings, and using materials proposed by the engineers of the Italian company.
The skin of the model consists of two layers. The interior is made of planed lime wood slats. The outer one is assembled from polished walnut lamellas of various sections. The elements of this model also use beech, boxwood and bamboo.
Deck, sides and stern decorations are molded from soft alloy and painted. Photo-etched elements are also used to transfer small patterns. The guns are carved from metal. The whole ship carried 30 twenty-four pounders and 28 eighteen pounders. The deck artillery of the operdeck and quarterdeck has wooden carriages.
The standing rigging is made of vegetable threads of various diameters (from 0.25 mm to 3 mm) for accurate scale reproduction. The runner is made of white threads (0.20mm, 0.25mm, 0.5mm).
The model is made on a scale of 1:100
Model dimensions:
Length with bowsprit - 730 mm.
The height from the slipway to the top of the main mast is 580 mm.
The mainsail width on the gybe course is 305 mm.
We bring to your attention a review of the construction of a series of models of the ship of the Dutch East India Company "Prince Willem", built in 1651. The source material for working on the models was the book "PRINCE WILLIEM" ship of the Dutch East India Company of the 17th century by Hermann Ketting.
I started working on the project in April 2007. It was assumed that two models of this ship would be laid simultaneously. I planned to use this model to work out new for me body manufacturing technologies. I also wanted to make two models in different versions of the final appearance in order to see the reaction of customers. The absence of permanent exhibition sites in the region and remoteness from maritime museums leads to the fact that the ideas of potential customers about the appearance of a model of a sailing ship are formed under the impression of viewing paintings, films and photographs. Therefore, customers are stubbornly conservative in their requirements for the appearance of a sailboat model. I would like to shift the situation in order to be able to make models different in appearance. I also wanted to find for the model of this ship such a combination of materials, ways of processing them and the final appearance, so that the model creates the feeling of contemplating a real ship that has returned from a voyage.
The case was made according to the technology of A. Baranov, Odessa, which he described in various forums. It is well known, so it does not need a detailed description. The detachable blank was made from a plywood frame and filled with pine blocks, then finally sanded. I glued the shell of the hull not from pine slats, but from linden ones. In my opinion, they are more suitable for this purpose. Linden is more flexible, soft and does not chip.
Photo 1 Photo 2
On the picture. 1 shows the stage of gluing the first layer on a waterproofed blank. On the picture. 2, the first shell is removed from the blank and rough beams are glued into it. In the background you can see a blank with a partially finished first layer of shell for the second model. Both models were built with closed gun ports on the lower deck, so the beams were glued immediately at the level of the upper gun deck. Beams glued from linden planks, in three layers, on a template.
The draft deck was recruited from lime slats. After finishing the draft deck, I glued the inserts under the round gun ports of the upper deck. After that, he began finishing the sides above the waterways and the deck with teak veneer. I worked with this tree for the first time, I chose in the company's warehouse from a large number of samples of different veneers. I liked the texture, I knew that the tree was used at different times for various purposes on real ships. So I decided to try.
Glued according to the method of A. Baranov. Veneer for "Moment". With deck clearance 0.3-0.4mm. After sticking all the veneer strips, I sanded, cleaned of dust and puttied. Putty - a mixture of black acrylic paint and car putty "Yantar". Then, on the next model, I tried to putty with just thick paint - the same result. Immediately after applying the putty, it is necessary to start cycling. Carefully remove the putty layer from the deck and remove debris with a brush. Let the putty dry completely. After that, you can grind the surface. Sanding with sandpaper rubs dust into the pores of the wood, a texture pattern appears. After sanding, it is easy to walk across the deck of a sharp cycle.
Photo 3 Photo 4
In Photo 3. result. This is not the pine grayish white deck of a real ship, but there is an effect of old wood. I still have to work with this, but I liked the result.
After finishing work with the deck and veneering of the inner sides, I began to imitate the frames inside the sides. Installed in places indicated on the drawings. Material - walnut. In Photo 4 - the upper ends of the frames above the deck.
He was engaged in the internal space of the hull up to the installation of superstructure decks, decor on the forward bulkhead of the forecastle and stern superstructures.
Photo 5 Photo 6
On the picture. 5 general view of the hull before moving to the outer side of the sides. In Photo 6. - the front bulkhead of the tank.
After completion of work on the inner space of the board, he moved to the outer part of the board. First, I glued the strips of velvets, then I began to veneered the space between the velvets.
Photo 7 Photo 8 Photo 9
Photo 7 shows a part of the board with glued strips of velvet and sheathing boards. In Photo 8 - a fragment of the sheathing with a lap. Sheathing was made of veneer. Upon completion of work in the upper part of the hull, he turned the model over and started pasting the bottom. Photo 9 is the result.
Photo 10 Photo 11
Imitated fastening of sheathing boards with copper wire - Photo 10, 11.
After completing the finishing work on the sides (installation of linings for cannon ports, channels, latrine design, latrine figure), I covered the entire hull with Pinotex stain.
Photo 12 Photo 13
The result is in Photo 12.13. After that, he made guns, installed them on the upper deck.
Photo 14
Tools - casting from an alloy of tin and lead (Photo 14).
Photo 15 Photo 16 Photo 17
Photo 18 Photo 19
When the hull was ready (Photo 15-19), I proceeded to the manufacture and installation of masts.
Photo 20 Photo 21 Photo 22 Photo 23
He made them from a pear, rubbed with wax mastic. The standing rigging was twisted and cotton threads and impregnated with stain (Photo 20-23).
After finishing work on the masts, he began to manufacture yards and sails. Rhei was made from pear, painted with black acrylic paint and impregnated with Pinotex stain.
Photo 24 Photo 25 Photo 26
The sails were made of coarse calico, impregnated with an adhesive solution. The imitation of the connections of the canvases into the sail was made on a sewing machine (Photo 24-26).
Photo 27 Photo 28 Photo 29
In its final form, before being sent to the customer, the model looked like this - Photo 27-29.
I made the second model from this series in the same way, using the same technologies and techniques. Only changes were made to the sailing armament. I rolled up the bottom tier of sails.
Photo 30 Photo 31
What happened can be seen in Photo 30-31.
In March 2008, the third model of this ship was put on the slipway. On it, I open the gun ports of the lower gun deck - this is the main structural difference between the third model and the first two.
Photo 32 Photo 33
In Photo 33 - a shell with slotted gun ports and a veneered inner side of the side. On this model, all parts of the hull and spars are made of pear wood, sheathing planks, deck planks - teak veneer. I decided on this model to get away from the traditional colors on the sides. I found a resource on the Internet that posted an article about the diorama of Texel Island, Holland. I really liked the appearance of the models, the photos of which were presented in the article. Therefore, I decided to use three colors on the outer board.
Photo 34 Photo 35 Photo 36 Photo 37
In Photo 34-37, there are successive changes in color on the sides. Green - acrylic paint, the middle stripe - a stain of several shades of red and orange, the bottom stripe - bituminous varnish, diluted with white spirit. The bottom part is painted with spray paint. A small moment to imitate the bolts for fastening velvets. The model will stand in the office space. In that part of it, which is a little darkened. Therefore, I increased the thickness of the velvets and the diameter of the rivets, so that even in subdued light, the contours of the velvets themselves and the rivets on them could be seen from a distance.
Photo 38
The nails for fastening the skin were made of copper wire. Photo 38.
Photo 39
Guns and deck equipment are installed on the lower deck - Photo 39.
The model has a huge number of threaded elements. This makes the model interesting for the customer and difficult for the modeller. I cut everything from wood. On the first two models from walnut, on the third - from pear. If you have to make this model again, and you manage to convince the customer of the expediency of making decorative elements by casting, the model will only benefit from this. Decor elements will need to be cast and blackened.
Photo 40 Photo 41 Photo 42 Photo 43
So far, what is carved on wood looks like this - Photo 40, tank bulkhead. Photo 41 - stern superstructures. Photo 42 - figure of a latrine. Photo 43 - lining of ports, steps of the outboard ladder, edging of holes for wiring running rigging, etc.
Photo 44 Photo 45 Photo 46 Photo 47
Photo 44 - 47 - decor of the stern. Decor coating - the first layer of Pinotex stain, the second - bituminous varnish. Then it will be necessary to walk several times after drying: sandpaper, cover again, sandpaper, cover.
The first part of the review about the construction of the model ended with the fact that the main work on the body of the model was completed. The next stage was the manufacture and installation of masts and standing rigging. Photos 1-27 fix the sequence of these works.
Photo 1 Photo 2 Photo 3 Photo 4
Photo 5 Photo 6 Photo 7 Photo 8
Photo 9 Photo 10 Photo 11 Photo 12
Photo 13 Photo 14 Photo 15 Photo 16
Photo 17 Photo 18 Photo 19 Photo 20
Photo 21 Photo 22 Photo 23 Photo 24
Photo 25 Photo 26 Photo 27
In the manufacture of masts and mars platforms, I used a pear. After painting the tops of the masts and spurs of the topmast, the landings with black acrylic paint, I covered the tree with drying oil diluted with white spirit. After drying, tinted with a weak solution of bituminous varnish. In the manufacture of standing rigging, I used cotton thread of a greenish tint. Fork all the necessary diameters from one thread, in three strands. All threads are impregnated with a weak solution of PVA, then tinted with a weak solution of bituminous varnish. On this model, I practiced some elements and techniques for the first time. For example, the manufacture of musing stays (photo 15). I knew the technique visually, but I tried it for the first time on this model.
As the masts were installed, the running ends began to arrive on the deck. You can see some fragments of their fastening in photos 28 - 33.
Photo 28 Photo 29 Photo 30 Photo 31
Photo 32 Photo 33
After installing the masts, he began to manufacture sails. For sails, a parachute was used, cotton with synthetics. The imitation of the seams on the panels was performed by a breakthrough. Pulled out one thread. Hems and stripes - everything is as always (photo 34-36).
Photo 34 Photo 35 Photo 36
In a new way, I fastened the lyktros. I did this on a sewing machine. Technique from Alexey Baranov. I liked the result (photo 37 - 41).
Photo 37 Photo 38 Photo 39 Photo 40
Photo 41
After making the sails, I impregnated them with a weak solution of bituminous varnish. The model had to remove the bramsleys, bovend-blind, blind and mizzen. I cleaned according to the technique that I looked at by Alexei Baranov. The result can be seen in photos 42 - 48.
Photo 42 Photo 43 Photo 44 Photo 45
Photo 46 Photo 47 Photo 48
I made flags in a new way for myself. New was in coloring. I made the flags myself from pre-dyed strips of fabric. The fabric is German white teak. Dyed with fabric dyes. The strips were glued with PVA. Then he painted the flags with a weak solution of bituminous varnish. The result is in photo 49 - 51.
Photo 49 Photo 50 Photo 51
In photo 52 - 53 you can see the stern lantern.
Photo 52 Photo 53
When the bovend-blind, blind, mizzen and bramsels were installed, I transported the model to the customer. I already installed the mainsail, foresail and topsails with him. In photos 54 - 57 you can see the model in the room where it was completed.
Photo 54 Photo 55 Photo 56 Photo 57
After setting all the sails, I took the model to the studio for a couple of hours. It was also a new experience for me. The photographer worked with the model for the first time. You can see what happened in photos 58 - 74.
Photo 58 Photo 59 Photo 60 Photo 61
Photo 62 Photo 63 Photo 64 Photo 65
Photo 66 Photo 67 Photo 68 Photo 69
Photo 70 Photo 71 Photo 72 Photo 73
Photo 74
On this model, I realized that the glass caps for the model, which I made for the models, have their own limiting dimensions. I ordered them from an office that glued my cap with transparent glue. It turned out an aquarium, without racks and wooden lining. The cap went with the lower perimeter into the groove on the stand. A transparent design was obtained. The model was not covered by anything. The view from all sides was complete. But this design has its limitations in size. And this limit has been reached on this model. The model of the stoupushka in the water surface will have to be closed in a different way. Get a whole closet. But that's a little different and a completely different story.
The model is finished and has taken its place in the customer's office. According to my feelings, the model turned out to be more interesting than the two previous models of this ship. Something I did on this model is simplified. Made some mistakes and mistakes. I succeeded in something. I would like to continue the Dutch theme. Maybe not on the model of this ship (making another Prince would already be just fun, especially since I already have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat the next model of this ship might look like). Beautiful ships were built by the Dutch, I want to match in my work what they put into their offspring.
A world map dated circa 1680 shows that most of Australia's coastline, with the exception of its eastern coast, has already been explored. This was made possible by the voyages of the Dutch in the 17th century, about a hundred years earlier than Captain James Cook, who, on the barge Endeavor (HMS Endeavor), explored and mapped the east coast of Australia.
Thus, the ship "Prince William" can be considered a typical representative of the "East Indian" of that era.
At one time, "Prince Willem" was one of the best merchant ships in the world. Built in Middleburg in Zeeland (south of Holland) with a displacement of approximately 2000 tons, she was much larger than the ships of the fleet of the United Dutch East India Company (Vereendige Oostindische Compagnie), of which she was the flagship and pride. The ship's keel was laid in 1649, launched on January 1, 1650, and finally equipped on May 5, 1651, when she set out on her maiden voyage, heading for Batavia.
Although the construction was carried out in Zeeland, in the south of Holland, the Prince William was built, as, indeed, all the ships of the East India Company, according to Amsterdam standards, in other words, using the old Amsterdam foot, which was equal to 28.31 cm., which was approximately equal to the English foot (30.48 cm.), Consisting of 12 inches. According to this standard, the length from the stem to the stern was 118 feet (33.4 m), the hull recess was 18 feet (5.1 m) and the beam width was 45 feet (12.7 m).
"Prince Willem" was designed with two full decks, but due to the significant height of the hold, it later became possible to install an orlop deck above the cargo hold, which housed living quarters for additional crew for the duration of the hostilities.
In accordance with the tradition of the time, the three masts of the Prince William, with direct sailing rig, were installed in a perfectly precise place. The upper deck was divided into 11 equal parts, and the foremast stood at a distance of one part from the bow. The main mast was set close or exactly in the center, and the mizzen was one part away, counting from the stern. This setup proved to be very successful.
According to the sailing plan, the Dutch sailing masters introduced their own method of calculation, which also proved to be excellent. In order to calculate the optimal amount of canvas needed, it was necessary to multiply the width of a piece of canvas (which was usually equal to 30 "thumbs", a measure of length that corresponds to one 1 ell *, or approximately one English yard (91.4 cm) by the number of feet equal to the beam width of the ship, add zero to the resulting sum and divide by six, the result is the number of sails of canvas required for a full set of sails.In other words, a ship with a beam of 30 feet required 30 x 30 = 900, plus zero = 9000 divided by 6 = 1500 ails of canvas This ingenious calculation formula, introduced by the Dutch, was used throughout the 17th and 18th centuries.
Apart from the practical aspects, the Prince William was a very beautiful ship, the decor and carvings of which caused true admiration. The two-ton figurehead, carved from hardwood, in the shape of a lion ready to jump, was one of dozens of sculptures that profusely decorated the stern, bow, and sides of the ship. And this is despite the prudence and frugality of the Dutch burghers, who usually did not allow themselves such liberties. But it is known that, having spent large sums on remuneration for wood carvers, the total budget for paying salaries to those who came later to carry out painting was limited to only 160 florins.
Painters and artists were able to get out of this situation in an original way. Lacking funds for the final gilding, they first painted the sculptures and carvings with yellowish ocher, and then covered them with a mixture of resin mixed with sulfur. In bright sunlight, or the light emitted from the ship's two large stern lanterns, it seemed as if the carvings and sculptures were gilded. So the stern decorations had to look great.
The stern decor included shields with the coats of arms of the United Dutch East India Company and the city of Middlenburg, a painted carved bas-relief of Prince William II, surrounded by lions, angels blowing trumpets, as well as warriors, naiads and dolphins. Most of the threads were not strongly convex, or they had holes in them that allowed free air flow.
In peacetime, the crew of "Prince William" was 150 people and, like the rest of the "East Indians" - English and Dutch, was well armed.
As a merchant ship, the Prince William was provided for the installation of 32 guns, of which 24 guns weighing two and a half tons each, firing 24 pound cannonballs, the caliber of another six guns varied from 18 to 24 pounds, there were also two small bronze guns, which were probably installed on the upper deck.
Most surprising today is the fact that the United Dutch East India Company, being a commercial enterprise, was headed by 17 directors from 7 practically independent provinces, clear and defined rules of conduct and business in the Company gave amazing results.
Each Company ship had two "masters": a captain and a merchant. The latter was convicted of full authority in matters relating to cargo and destination, while the captain was responsible for navigation, discipline and the safety of travel.
In her original capacity as a merchant ship, the Prince William remained for a very short time. After one voyage to Batavia, from which she left on December 19, on her return to Holland on June 28, 1652, she was annexed from the Company, along with four other ships, for the needs of the navy for the war with England. As a warship, the Prince William was supposed to have at least 40 guns, which in turn entailed the cutting of additional gun ports. In order to place additional weapons, most of the forecastle had to be dismantled. Most likely, the refitting was carried out in great haste, since already in October of the same year the ship took part in the battle of the Downs. In the battle in which he participated under the command of Witte de Wit (Witte Corneliszoon de With), the ship was badly damaged.
In 1653, "Prince William" was returned to the owners - the United Dutch East India Company and was again converted into a "merchant". In total, the ship made 17 voyages, most of them between Zeeland and Batavia, bringing huge profits to her owners from the Company. December 13, 1661 "Prince Willem" went on his last voyage, and February 10 or 11 near the island of Brandon (Brandon) she was wrecked.
It is curious that although "Prince Willem" never entered their country, the Japanese spent several million dollars to build in 1984-85 in Makkum (Makkum) a replica. Guided by ancient images and a perfectly preserved model of the time "Prince Willem" in the Amsterdam Maritime Museum (Amsterdam Scheepvaart Museum), craftsmen from the Netherlands have done a great job, and now the ship stands in all its glory, in a specially recreated "Dutch" harbor in Nagasaki. And only thanks to the passion of his life and work of the Dutch naval historian Herman Ketting (Herman Ketting), today he looks and evokes exactly the same feelings as in those days when he was the conqueror of the seas.
Laid down in 1650, Prins Willem was the largest ship in the Dutch East India Company. His crew consisted of 254 sailors plus 22 of their families. Immediately after his first swim Prins Willem was converted into a warship. He participated in 1652 at the Battle of Duins. Then they were commanded by Admiral Witte de Witt.
Ship Model Kit Contents
The wooden ship model by the Italian company COREL is based on the 17th century model of this ship, which is exhibited in the Museum of the City of Amsterdam and shows Prins Willem already like a warship. Stacked housing design with double skinned, from materials that are excellent both in selection and in the quality of processing. The high stern, inherited from the galleons, is decorated with rich carvings. A consequence of the high stern is the presence of many additional decks that rise in steps. This makes it possible to install beautiful railings and ladders, additional cannons, doors and windows.
Cast guns in bronze, hundreds of metal elements of the decor of the ship, small wooden parts ready for installation - all this is done in the high quality typical of COREL. This model even has cores! Also included is a photo-etched sheet. Detailed instructions and detailed drawings will help you build this imposing ship model.
Since 2011, due to a change in technology, the printing on flags has been blurred.
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