About the movie
The film is dedicated to the memory of the statesman and politician Grigory Konstantinovich (Sergo) Ordzhonikidze and farewell to People's Commissar February 20 - 21, 1937.
Footage included in the film:
1st part: Views of the Georgian village of Goreshi and the house where GK Ordzhonikidze was born. The school where G. K. Ordzhonikidze studied. Memorable places in Baku associated with the revolutionary activities of GK Ordzhonikidze. The prison building in the Shlisselburg fortress; photograph of G. K. Ordzhonikidze behind prison bars.
2nd part: Lifetime shooting of G. K. Ordzhonikidze: fragments of speeches by G. K. Ordzhonikidze at a meeting of Stakhanovites in the Kremlin (synchronously), an evening in the House of Unions on the occasion of the anniversary of the newspaper "For Industrialization" (synchronously), a solemn meeting of pilots V. P. Chkalov, GF Baydukova, AV Belyakova, who flew the Moscow-North Pole-Vancouver (synchronously), at the reception of the Azerbaijani delegation in the Kremlin (synchronously).
3rd part: Office of People's Commissar of Heavy Industry of the USSR GK Ordzhonikidze in the Kremlin: desk, stationery, workers' gifts.
The funeral of G. K. Ordzhonikidze. The coffin with the body of the deceased in the Hall of Columns. On the guard of honor: I. V. Stalin, K. E. Voroshilov, L. M. Kaganovich, A. I. Mikoyan, M. F. Shkiryatov, M. I. Kalinin, V. M. Molotov, G. I. Petrovsky, S. M. Budyonny, N. S. Khrushchev, N. K. Krupskaya, M. M. Blumenthal-Tamarina, O. Yu. Schmidt, D. Vinogradova, A. Stakhanov, V. P. Chkalov, V. K. Kokkinaki, G. Dimitrov and others. Relatives and friends at the coffin with the body of GK Ordzhonikidze.
4th part: People pass near the coffin with the body of GK Ordzhonikidze. The removal of the coffin with the body of GK Ordzhonikidze from the building of the House of Unions. Funeral procession on Red Square. Urn with ashes in a niche of the Kremlin wall. Board with the inscription: "Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze 28. X. 1886 - 18. II. 1937". Firework. Pillow with orders GK Ordzhonikidze.
5th - 6th parts: Funeral banners on the streets of Moscow, Leningrad, in a rural village, on a ship, in an oil field. Funeral meeting at the plant named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze; advocates worker (synchronously).
At the coffin are state and political figures, military leaders: Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich, Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich, Molotov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich, Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich, Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich, Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich, Zhdanov Andrey Alexandrovich, Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna, Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich.
Production: Moscow studio SOYUZKINOKHRONIKI
Worked on the film:
Text is read: People's Artist of the USSR Kachalov V.I. , Lebedev M.M.
Musical arrangement: Block D.
REFERENCE
Georgy Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze (1886 - 1937), party nicknameSergo.
THE HEROIC LIFE OF A BOLSHEVIK
Our Party, the working class and the working people of the great socialist motherland, the USSR, the working people of the whole world have suffered great sorrow. Gone Sergo Ordzhonikidze- a fiery, fearless Bolshevik-Leninist, a leader beloved by millions, an ally of Lenin and Stalin, a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party, a most talented organizer of a victorious socialist offensive - People's Commissar of heavy industry.
The life of this crystal-clear, unshakable Bolshevik revolutionary is a model for the working people of the whole world who are fighting for socialism, for their liberation. Favorite of the Soviet people Sergo Ordzhonikidze from a young age he gave his heart, mind, strength, inexhaustible energy, his whole self, his whole life to the cause of the working class, to the cause of communism. His whole life passed before the eyes of the party, before the eyes of the working class under the leadership of Lenin - Stalin, the Central Committee of the CPSU (b).
Comrade Ordzhonikidze was born on October 28 (15), 1886 in Western Georgia, in the village of Goresh, which is now part of the Khoragoul region of the Georgian SSR. Comrade Ordzhonikidze's father had only a few acres of meager land, which he cultivated with his own labor; in the interval between field work, the need forced him to go to work in Chiatura - to carry manganese ore.[...]
In 1903 T. S. Ordzhonikidze joined the Bolshevik Party. Since that time, Comrade Sergo Ordzhonikidze has devoted all his life, all his strength and fiery revolutionary energy to the struggle for the cause of the working class, for the cause of the great Leninist-Stalinist party.[...]
In March 1907, t. Ordzhonikidze was sent to party work in Baku. The Baku period was a major milestone in the formation Sergo as an outstanding figure in the Bolshevik Party. Here, under the leadership of Comrade Stalin, Comrade Ordzhonikidze, then still almost a youth, matured into a true leader of the masses, a firm, implacable Leninist, who did not bend before the dangers and difficulties of the struggle. Together with Shaumyan, Japaridze, Spandarian t. Ordzhonikidze joined the Bolshevik Baku Committee, headed by comrade Stalin.[...]
In November 1907 Comrade Ordzhonikidze was arrested and imprisoned in Bayil prison. Soon a comrade was also imprisoned in this prison. Stalin.
On April 9, 1908, in Baku, the judicial chamber sentenced t. Ordzhonikidze to eternal exile in Siberia and the deprivation of all rights of the state. On October 27, he was additionally sentenced for revolutionary work in Abkhazia to imprisonment in a fortress for one year. In the spring of 1909 he was sent into exile in Siberia. The village of Potaskuy, Yenisei province, was appointed as the place of settlement. Two months later T. Ordzhonikidze flees from exile to Baku, where he continues his party work.
At the end of the summer of 1909, the Baku organization of the Bolsheviks sent the so-called. Ordzhonikidze to Iran (Persia), to the Gilan province, which was then the arena of the revolutionary movement that arose under the influence of the first Russian revolution. Here t. Ordzhonikidze was a political leader and organizer of mass demonstrations directed against the violent, colonial policy of tsarism, led the work to create a local social democratic organization.
From Iran T. Ordzhonikidze established close contact with Lenin, with the foreign Bolshevik center and the Paris group of Bolsheviks. He organized the transport of foreign Bolshevik literature to Russia via Iran.
In November 1910, t. Ordzhonikidze returns to Baku and from there goes to Paris to Lenin. As he writes in his memoirs N.K. Krupskaya, "since then he has become one of the closest comrades".[...]
Full text of the obituary in the newspaper "News", February 19, 1937, No. 44 (6206), p. 3.
Information from open Internet sources was used.
Quotes
Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze (party nickname - Sergo), a well-known Georgian Bolshevik and prominent Soviet statesman and party leader, revolutionary. Member of the Party Central Committee in 1912-1917, 1921-1927 and from 1934 (member of the Central Control Commission in 1927-1934), from 1930 to 1937 - member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (candidate in 1926). Member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR 1-7 convocations.
Since 1930 - Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council, and then People's Commissar of Heavy Industry. In 1936, the elder brother of Ordzhonikidze Pavel (Papuliya) was arrested. Ordzhonikidze received the news of his brother's arrest in Kislovodsk in October 1936, on his 50th birthday. At the very end of October, Ordzhonikidze left for Moscow, where he soon suffered a heart attack. In the early 1930s Stalin removed the nominees and friends of Ordzhonikidze from leadership positions in Transcaucasia, which was accompanied by sharp conflicts between Stalin and Ordzhonikidze. At the same time, there was a deterioration in relations with Stalin due to the nomination, on the initiative of the General Secretary, to the first role in the Transcaucasian Party Organization of L.P. Beria. An increase in tension in relations with Stalin occurred after the First Moscow Trial, which caused a wave of personnel purges, primarily in the economic people's commissariats (since former oppositionists were not allowed into politics). It was under attack a large number of employees of Ordzhonikidze in the NKTP.
He died on February 18, 1937, five days before the February-March Plenum of the Central Committee of 1937. The official cause of death is a heart attack.
The word "Ordzhonikidze" to a modern Russian-speaking person, if known, is most often due to the fact that the city of Vladikavkaz bore this name in the Soviet years. Few people know about the name in whose honor this one of the largest cities in the Caucasus was named. Meanwhile, Grigory Ordzhonikidze, who went down in history under the party nickname "Sergo", is notable not only for his eventful life, but also for his mysterious death.
From a Georgian village to the leaders of the largest state in the world
Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze was born in 1886 into a noble family in a village in western Georgia. Already at the age of 17, he chose his life path, becoming a member of the RSDLP, that is, a Bolshevik. For the first time he was briefly arrested in 1904, after which he became an active participant in the revolution of 1905, up to participation in revolutionary combat units. As a result, he was repeatedly arrested. During one of the arrests, in 1907 in the Baku prison, he met Joseph Dzhugashvili (Stalin), with whom he maintained close friendships for life. In 1909, Ordzhonikidze was sent into exile in a Siberian village (present-day Krasnoyarsk Territory), from where he escaped two years later and managed to get to France.
Abroad, he passed a kind of "revolutionary training courses" conducted by Lenin, after which he returned to continue his activities in Russia. Here he was arrested and spent three years in captivity in the Shlisselburg fortress, then sent into exile in Yakutsk. In 1917, under a political amnesty, Ordzhonikidze returned from exile and immediately joined the revolutionary political struggle. He became one of the most prominent figures in the Soviet party government, since 1921 being a member of the Central Committee of the party. He held a number of responsible state and party posts, among which the positions of People's Commissar of Heavy Industry and Chairman of the Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNKh) stand out. Ordzhonikidze was one of the generally recognized party and state leaders. He died suddenly on February 18, 1937.
A heart attack is a common death for a statesman
Actually, it is precisely the circumstances of the death of Sergo Ordzhonikidze that make him one of the most remarkable among the Soviet party leadership. The official version, published in the Soviet central press, said that Ordzhonikidze died of a heart attack (in the words of that time - from heart paralysis). The time of death was announced at 17:30 Moscow time, the place was the official apartment of the Ordzhonikidze family in the Kremlin.
The newspapers published a medical report on death, according to which Grigory Ordzhonikidze complained about his heart during the last years of his life. According to the doctors, Ordzhonikidze suffered from arteriosclerosis with severe sclerotic changes in the heart muscle and blood vessels. In addition, in the last two years of his life, he complained of occasional attacks of angina pectoris. On the last day there were no health complaints, and death occurred during an acute heart attack during daytime rest.
Suicide or Murder?
Heart attack - such a natural version of the death of Sergo Ordzhonikidze was generally accepted and long time didn't raise any complaints. But after the fall of the Soviet system and in the wake of numerous historical revelations of the true nature of the Stalinist regime, Ordzhonikidze also got into the zone of attention of modern sensation lovers. It seemed to many not accidental that Ordzhonikidze's death occurred at the beginning of 1937, during the period of preparation by Stalin 
and his entourage of the Great Terror.
Historians have found that in the last years and months of his life, Ordzhonikidze constantly expressed, albeit in a mild form, to Stalin dissatisfaction with the increase in repression. He believed that, contrary to the unfolding official propaganda about numerous spies and wreckers, the problems in industrialization were due to internal objective reasons. It is known that at the February-March plenum of the Central Committee, Ordzhonikidze was supposed to make a report on the issue of sabotage in heavy industry. Supporters of the version of the violent death of Ordzhonikidze believe that he was killed on the orders of Stalin, since Sergo intended to publicly declare that sabotage does not play a big role and thereby resist the emerging terror.
However, at the moment there is no real evidence of the murder of Ordzhonikidze, except for logical conclusions according to the classical principle “look for someone who benefits”. The version of Sergo's suicide is being discussed more actively, the reason for which was disagreement with the party-state reforms, with the repressions of the old Bolsheviks and the inability to influence the situation.
There are memoirs of a journalist and a victim of Stalinist repressions, Olga Shatunovskaya, in which she conveys the content of her conversation with Ordzhonikidze's widow, Zinaida Gavrilovna.
Ordzhonikidze's wife allegedly said that Sergo spent the whole day in bed on the day of his death, occasionally getting up to the table and writing down something. In the evening one of his close friends came, and his wife went to call Ordzhonikidze to the table. The moment she turned on the light, a shot rang out in the next room. Sergo Ordzhonikidze shot himself in the heart with a revolver. By direct order of Stalin, this fact was hidden and presented as death from a heart attack. However, it is noteworthy that there is no other evidence of the violent causes of Ordzhonikidze's death, except for Shatunovskaya's memoirs.
Alexander Babitsky
KEY GIVE! LIFE AND ACTIVITY G.K. ORJONIKIDZE
1886 October 12- Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze (Sergo) was born in the village of Goresh, Shorapansky district, Kutaisi province.
1898 - Ordzhonikidze graduated from the two-year Khoragoul school.
1901 -1902 - Ordzhonikidze takes part in the work of the Social Democratic student's circle at the medical assistant's school in Tiflis.
1903 - Ordzhonikidze joins the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party.
1904 June 10- Ordzhonikidze arrested for distributing Social Democratic leaflets.
1905, spring- Ordzhonikidze is graduating from a medical assistant's school; conducts revolutionary work in Western Georgia.
September - December- Ordzhonikidze works as a paramedic in the city hospital in Gudauty; leads the party organization, is a member of the Sukhum district committee of the RSDLP, takes an active part in the first Russian revolution.
December 24- For the revolutionary activities of G.K. Ordzhonikidze was arrested and imprisoned in the Sukhumi prison.
August- Ordzhonikidze is leaving illegally for Berlin.
1907 January - March- Ordzhonikidze returns to Russia, goes to party work in Baku.
May 1- Ordzhonikidze was arrested at the May Day demonstration in Balakhany and imprisoned.
June - November- Ordzhonikidze, after being released from prison, continues to carry out party work.
November 4- Ordzhonikidze was arrested for belonging to the Baku organization of the RSDLP and imprisoned in the Walloon prison.
1908, March 27- Ordzhonikidze was sentenced to deprivation of all rights of state and exile to an eternal settlement in Siberia.
1909, first half of the year- Ordzhonikidze is in exile in the Angara region, in the village of Potoskuy, Piichugovsky volost, Yenisei province, where he participates in the organization and work of the union of political exiles.
1910 November- Ordzhonikidze travels from Iran to Paris. Acquainted with Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.
1911, June - July- Sergo - a student of the party school in Longjumeau (near Paris), organized by V.I. Lenin,
Second half of July - September- Ordzhonikidze goes to Russia. Directs the work of the Russian Organizing Commission (ROK) to convene the VI All-Russian Party Conference.
End of october- Sergo returns to Paris.
1912, 5 -January 17- GK Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the VI (Prague) All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP. The conference elects him a member of the Central Committee of the RSDLP and a member of the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP.
First half of February- Sergo illegally comes to Russia; delivers a report on the VI All-Russian Party Conference.
October 9- After a six-month pre-trial detention, G.K. Ordzhonikidze was sentenced to three years hard labor and imprisoned in the Shlisselburg fortress. He was imprisoned until October 1915.
1916 June- Ordzhonikidze comes to Yakutia with a stage. The village of Pokrovskoye is assigned as the place of "settlement". Together with G.I. Petrovsky and E.M. Yaroslavsky conducts party work among political exiles.
March - May- Sergo is a member of the Yakut Committee of the RSDLP (b) and the Executive Committee of the Yakut Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
June July- At the suggestion of V.I. Lenina G.K. Ordzhonikidze was introduced to the Petrograd Committee of the RSDLP (b), as well as to the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet.
July - On behalf of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b) G.K. Ordzhonikidze visits V.I. Lenin at Razliv station, informs Vladimir Ilyich about the state of affairs in the party and receives directives from him.
26 July - August 3rd- G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the VI Congress of the RSDLP (b).
Beginning of September - second half of October- G.K. Ordzhonikidze is sent by the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b) to Transcaucasia, where he directs the work of the Bolsheviks in Tiflis and Western Georgia.
October 24- Ordzhonikidze returns to Petrograd; takes an active part in the armed uprising.
November 16- Ordzhonikidze is elected a member of the Executive Commission of the Petrograd Committee of the RSDLP (b).
December 19th- By the decision of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b) and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, Ordzhonikidze was appointed Temporary Extraordinary Commissar of the region of Ukraine.
April 9, 1918- Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR G.K. Ordzhonikidze was instructed to organize and head the Temporary Emergency Commissariat of the Southern Region, uniting Crimea, the Don and Terek regions, the Black Sea province, the Black Sea Fleet and the entire North Caucasus up to Baku.
August - December- G.K. Ordzhonikidze directs the combat operations of the Red Army against the armed forces of the counter-revolution in the North Caucasus.
1919, beginning of June- G.K. Ordzhonikidze leads an illegal regional conference of communist organizations in Transcaucasia in Tiflis.
July 15- Ordzhonikidze is appointed a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the XVI Army of the Western Front.
October 5- G.K. Ordzhonikidze is appointed a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the XIV Army of the Southern Front.
1920, January 23- G.K. Ordzhonikidze is appointed a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Caucasian Front.
Earlier February 3- Decree of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) G.K. Ordzhonikidze is appointed chairman of the Bureau for the Restoration of Soviet Power in the North Caucasus.
March 31- By order on the Caucasian front G.K. Ordzhonikidze is appointed chairman of the North Caucasian Revolutionary Committee.
April 8- By the decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), the Caucasus Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) is organized, which includes G.K. Ordzhonikidze.
22 -December 29th- G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the VIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets; elected a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
1921 February 27- According to the decision of the Azerbaijan Revolutionary Committee G.K. Ordzhonikidze is awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
March 16- X Congress of the RCP (b) elects G.K. Ordzhonikidze a member of the Central Committee of the Party.
May 19 - By the decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee G.K. Ordzhonikidze was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
26 -May 28- G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the X All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b).
19 -December 22- G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the work of the XI All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b).
1922, March 27 - April 2 - G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the XI Congress of the RCP (b). The congress elects G.K. Ordzhonikidze a member of the Central Committee of the RCP (b).
May beginning- G.K. Ordzhonikidze, on the instructions of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), goes to Turkestan.
4 -August 7- G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the XII All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b).
1923, 17 -25th of April- G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the XII Congress of the RCP (b); the congress elects G.K. Ordzhonikidze a member of the Central Committee of the party.
1924, 16 -January 18- G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the XIII Conference of the RCP(b).
21 -January 22- G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the work of the emergency Plenum of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), held in connection with the death of V.I. Lenin.
1st of February- Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR G.K. Ordzhonikidze is appointed a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR.
23 -May 31- G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the XII Congress of the RCP (b); the congress elects G.K. Ordzhonikidze a member of the Central Committee of the party.
1925, 27 -April 29- G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the XIV Conference of the RCP (b).
May 13–20- G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the III Congress of Soviets of the USSR; The congress elects GK Ordzhonikidze a member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.
18 -31th of December- G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the work of the XIV Congress of the CPSU (b); the congress elects G.K. Ordzhonikidze a member of the Central Committee of the party.
December 29th- G.K. Ordzhonikidze, at a meeting of the extended plenum of the Vyborg District Committee of the CPSU (b) and at a meeting of the party activists of this region of Leningrad, exposes the anti-party position taken at the XIV Congress of the CPSU (b) by the Leningrad delegation.
1926, 14 -July 23- G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the work of the joint Plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. The Plenum elects G.K. Ordzhonikidze as a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.
September 24- G.K. Ordzhonikidze was elected First Secretary of the North Caucasian Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.
October 26 - the 3rd of November- G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the XV conference of the CPSU(b).
the 3rd of November,- The Joint Plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks approves G.K. Ordzhonikidze Chairman of the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.
November 5- The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR appoints G.K. Ordzhonikidze People's Commissar of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate of the USSR, Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and Deputy Chairman of the Council of Labor and Defense.
1927, April 10–16- G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the XIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets.
July 29 - August 9 - G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the joint Plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks; delivers a report from the RCT on the rationalization of the state and economic apparatus and the austerity regime and a report on the violation of party discipline by Zinoviev and Trotsky.
21 -October 23- G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the work of the joint Plenum of the Central Committee and Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, delivers a report by the Presidium of the Central Control Commission on the factional work of Trotsky and Zinoviev after the August Plenum of the Central Committee and Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.
2 -December 19th- G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the XV Congress of the AUCP(b), delivers reports on the work of the Central Control Commission - RCT and on the work of the commission of the XV Congress of the AUCP(b) on the opposition.
1928, 20 -January 26- G.K. Ordzhonikidze delivers a report at the All-Union Conference on the Rationalization of Industrial Production.
1929, 23 -April 29 - G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the work of the XVI Conference of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.
1930 June 26 - July 13- G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the work of the XVI Congress of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, delivers a report to the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.
10th of November- The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR appoints G.K. Ordzhonikidze Chairman of the Supreme Council of the People's Economy of the USSR.
11 -21 December - G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the joint Plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the VKShchb); decision of the Plenum G.K. Ordzhonikidze was introduced to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.
1931, January 30 - February 4- G.K. Ordzhonikidze directs the work of the First All-Union Conference of Industrial Workers.
22 -June 23- G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the meeting of business executives at the Central Committee of the CPSU (b).
1932, January 5- Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR G.K. Ordzhonikidze is appointed People's Commissar of Heavy Industry.
January 30 - February 4- G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the XVII Conference of the CPSU(b).
1933 March 17- By the Decree of the Presidium of the CEC G.K. Ordzhonikidze for special merits in the formation of the Transcaucasian Federation is awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the TSFSR.
10th of November - G.K. Ordzhonikidze leads the work of the meeting of miners, metallurgists, machine builders and oil workers, dedicated to the exchange of advanced production experience.
1934, 20 -September 22nd- G.K. Ordzhonikidze directs the work of the All-Union Conference of Heavy Industry Workers.
1935, January 28 - February 6- G.K. Ordzhonikidze takes part in the work of the VII Congress of Soviets of the USSR, delivers a report from the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry.
March 22- By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR G.K. Ordzhonikidze was awarded the Order of Lenin for overfulfillment of the production program of 1934 by the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry of the USSR and the successes achieved in organizing production and mastering technology.
21 -June, 22- G.K. Ordzhonikidze directs the work of the meeting of workers in the oil refining industry.
14 -November 17- G.K. Ordzhonikidze directs the work of the first All-Union Conference of Workers and Women Workers - Stakhanovites of Industry and Transport.
10 -December 14- G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the meeting under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on the issues of construction and the production of building materials.
1936, January 17 - Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR G.K. Ordzhonikidze is awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for overfulfillment of the production plan of 1935 by the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry of the USSR, for success in mastering new technology and initiative in the development of the Stakhanov movement.
February 26- G.K. Ordzhonikidze directs the work of the meeting of builders of hydroelectric power stations.
July August- G.K. Ordzhonikidze manages the organization of a non-stop flight for Chkalov, Baidukov and Belyakov along the route: Moscow - the Arctic Ocean - Franz Josef Land - Cape Chelyuskin - Petropavlovsk-on-Kamchatka - Nikolaevsk-on-Amur.
25 -August 27- G.K. Ordzhonikidze chairs a meeting of employees of research institutes.
November 25 - December, December 5- G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the work of the Extraordinary VIII All-Union Congress of Soviets; elected to the Editorial Commission to determine the final text of the Constitution of the USSR.
1937, 15 -January 18, January 21- G.K. Ordzhonikidze participates in the Extraordinary XVII All-Russian Congress of Soviets.
From Hegel's book author Gulyga Arseniy VladimirovichMAIN DATES OF LIFE AND ACTIVITY 1770, August 27 - Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was born in Stuttgart (Eberhardtstrasse, 53).
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From the author's bookThe main dates of life and activity 1849 Born in Tiflis (now Tbilisi) 1866 Entered the Novorossiysk University in Odessa 1870 Started working in the management of the Odessa Railway 1879 Received a post in the Society of South-Western Railways 1889 Switched to
From the author's bookKey dates of life and activity 1880 Born in the Yaroslavl province 1899 Entered Kyiv University, but did not finish it 1902 Started studying at the Munich Polytechnic Institute 1911 Graduated from the Faculty of Law of Kiev University 1913 Became a teacher
From the author's bookMain dates of life and activity 1883 Born in Cambridge, in the family of a university professor and writer 1897 Entered Eton College 1902 Entered King's College, Cambridge University 1906 Entered the civil service in the Ministry
From the author's bookMain dates of life and activity 1890 Born in Logan, USA 1908 Dropped out of Brigham Young College 1912 After his father's death, took over the family business 1913 Married May Young 1916 Organized the Eccles Investment Company 1933 Participated in the creation of the emergency law on
From the author's bookKey dates of life and activity 1892 Born in a village in Kostroma 1911 Entered the Imperial St. Petersburg University 1917 Became Deputy Minister of Food of the Provisional Government and was elected a member of the Constituent Assembly 1920 Headed
From the author's bookMain dates of life and activity 1894 Born in London 1911 Entered Columbia University 1914 Graduated from the university and joined the Newburger, Henderson & Loeb brokerage firm 1920 Became a partner and co-owner of Newburger, Henderson & Loeb 1925 Founded the Benjamin Foundation Graham
From the author's bookMain dates of life and activity 1912 Born in New York 1932 Received a bachelor's degree in economics and mathematics from Rutgers University 1937 Started a long association with the National Bureau of Economic Research 1950 Served as a consultant on
From the author's bookMain dates of life and activity 1912 Born in Winchester 1934 Graduated from Yale University with a bachelor's degree in economics 1936 Received an M.A.
From the author's bookMain dates of life and work 1915 Born in Gary 1935 Received a bachelor's degree from the University of Chicago 1936 Received a master's degree from Harvard University 1938 Published the first scientific work "A Remark on the Pure Theory of Behavior
From the author's bookKey dates 1930 Born in Omaha 1943 Paid his first $35 income tax 1957 Formed Buffett Associates Investment Partnership 1969 Acquired Berkshire Hathaway textile company 2006 Declared a $37 billion bequest to
From the author's bookMain dates of life and activity 1930 Born in Pennsylvania 1957 Published the book "The Economic Theory of Discrimination" 1964 Published "Human Capital" 1967 Awarded the John Clark Medal 1981 Published the work "Treatise on the Family" 1992 Received Nobel Prize
From the author's bookMain dates of life and work 1961 Born in Moscow 1976 The Shleifer family emigrated to Rochester (USA) 1978 Entered Harvard University 1982 Graduated from the university with a bachelor's degree 1986 Graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
He was called "Stalin's donkey" and "the battering ram of the revolution", he raised the industry of the USSR to unprecedented heights and opposed Beria.
Paramedic
Sergo Ordzhonikidze was the only one of the "old Leninist cohort" who worked as a doctor. He graduated from the parochial and paramedical schools. At the same time, he performed his work in full accordance with the Hippocratic oath. Even during the Yakut exile, in the difficult conditions of the Far North, he honestly worked as a paramedic, but did not forget about campaigning. Even at the beginning of his career, being a medical assistant in Georgia, Ordzhonikidze printed and distributed rather strange "recipes". Instead of a list of medicines and recommendations, the leaflets contained revolutionary slogans and calls for the overthrow of the king.
"Straight"
In gendarmerie reports, Sergo Ordzhonikidze was given the nickname "direct". His inflexibility is to be envied. He went through exile and prison. Ordzhonikidze fled from exile, in the terrible Shlisselburg prison (where he seriously undermined his health) he independently learned the German language. He always climbed on the rampage and was one of the most implacable opponents of tsarism. Wrestling was the most organic environment for him, in it he developed, in it his character was formed.
crisis manager
Ordzhonikidze was, in modern terms, an effective crisis manager. He was always sent to the front line, to the hottest spots. He participated in the Iranian revolution, was the Extraordinary Commissar for Ukraine, led the revolution in the Caucasus. When Ordzhonikidze was engaged in the deportation of the Terek Cossacks, Stalin warned his comrade: "Sergo, they will kill you." They did not kill him, although Ordzhonikidze did not recognize half-measures in his methods. His faith in the cause of the revolution was unshakable. People saw this and followed Sergo.
Conflict with countrymen
Ordzhonikidze was one of those who participated in the creation of the Soviet Union. The process of creating a new state was problematic. Lenin was afraid of chauvinism and national strife, therefore he was opposed to the formation of a new state under the auspices of Russia. On October 20, 1922, a scandal erupted between Ordzhonikidze and the Georgian leaders. Member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) Kabakhidze insulted Ordzhonikidze, calling him "Stalin's donkey", for which he received in the face. The conflict had to be sorted out by the Central Committee of the RCP(b). Lenin, who was ill in October 1922, could not intervene in the conflict, and Stalin appointed a commission to Georgia headed by Dzerzhinsky, who supported Ordzhonikidze and condemned the Georgian "nationalists". In December 1922, Lenin nevertheless intervened in the Georgian conflict and even offered to expel Ordzhonikidze from the party for assault, but Lenin was "no longer the same" and the order was not carried out.
Friend of Stalin
Ordzhonikidze was one of the few who communicated with Stalin "on you". They met in 1907 in cell No. 3 of the Bayil prison in Baku. Since then, they have established an almost friendly relationship. This is evidenced by the fact that after the suicide of Nadezhda Alliluyeva, it was Ordzhonikidze and Kirov, as close friends, who spent the night in Stalin's house. Ordzhonikidze was loyal to Stalin even when he had to confront Lenin, but their relationship deteriorated seriously in the early 1930s. First, Stalin began to purge Ordzhonikidze's henchmen, then Beria, whom Ordzhonikidze did not like (to put it mildly), began to claim the first role in the Transcaucasian party organization. The final stage of the conflict began in 1936, when Ordzhonikidze's elder brother Papulia was arrested. Ordzhonikidze received the news of his brother's arrest in Kislovodsk in October 1936, on his 50th birthday. Strongly offended, he did not go to the celebrations arranged on the occasion of the anniversary.
Mikoyan recalled how, a few days before his death, Ordzhonikidze shared his anxieties with him: “I don’t understand why Stalin doesn’t trust me. I am absolutely faithful to him, I don’t want to fight him, I want to support him, but he doesn’t trust me. There is a big role here they play the intrigues of Beria, who gives Stalin incorrect information, and Stalin believes him. An interesting fact: after the war, Stalin was given for approval a list of prominent party leaders, in honor of whom it was planned to erect monuments in Moscow. The leader crossed out only one surname from the entire list - Ordzhonikidze.
"Heavy Industry Commander"
Ordzhonikidze was the strongest organizer. He was called the commander of the heavy industry. He quickly raised the industry of the Soviet Union, fought the bureaucracy, and was at the head of "great construction projects." In terms of gross industrial output, the USSR already in 1932 took second place in the world and first place in Europe. From the fifteenth place in the world and from the seventh in Europe in terms of electricity, the USSR in 1935, respectively, came in third and second place. Ordzhonikidze did everything possible to stop the country from buying tractors and other equipment abroad. If they say that Stalin accepted the country with a plow, and left it with atomic weapons, then Ordzhonikidze is the one who deserves the greatest credit for this.
Mystery of death
The official cause of death of Ordzhonikidze, presented by Stalin, was "the heart could not stand it." According to this version, which for a long time was considered the main one, Ordzhonikidze died suddenly from heart paralysis during daytime sleep. Two facts are confusing in this version: firstly, soon everyone who signed this statement was shot, and secondly, Ordzhonikidze's wife told how Stalin, leaving the apartment of the deceased, rudely warned her: "Not a word to anyone about the details of Sergo's death, nothing but an official message, you know me...". In addition to the official version, there are three more: poisoning, murder, suicide. All versions have the right to exist, but none has yet been recognized. The body of Ordzhonikidze was cremated, so "an autopsy will show" - not about the secret of this death.
Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze (party pseudonym Sergo) was born on October 24 (October 12 according to the old style) in 1886 in the village of Goresh, Kutaisi province (now Imereti, Georgia).
In 1901-1905 he studied at the medical assistant's school in Tbilisi, participated in the social democratic circle.
In 1905-1907 he was an active participant in the revolutionary movement in Transcaucasia. In December 1905, he was arrested while organizing the delivery of weapons for revolutionary detachments, in May 1906 he was released on bail and emigrated to Germany in August.
In January 1907 he returned to Russia, conducted party work in Baku, was a member of the Baku Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP).
In April 1912 he was arrested again, in October he was sentenced to three years of hard labor and an eternal settlement in Siberia. In 1912-1915 he was in the Shlisselburg hard labor prison, then exiled to Yakutia.
In June 1917, Ordzhonikidze returned to Petrograd (formerly St. Petersburg), was introduced to the Petrograd Committee of the RSDLP (Bolsheviks) and to the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet. Fulfilling the instructions of the Central Committee of the party, he worked in June-August in Petrograd, in September-October - in Transcaucasia. Returning to Petrograd, he took an active part in the October Revolution.
In December 1917 he was appointed Extraordinary Commissar of Ukraine, in April 1918 - Temporary Extraordinary Commissar of the Southern District.
During the Civil War (1918-1920) - political leader in the Red Army. In 1918 he was a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Don Republic, one of the organizers of the defense of Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd), chairman of the Defense Council of the North Caucasus. In 1919, he was a member of the Revolutionary Council (RVS) of the 16th Army of the Western Front, then of the 14th Army of the Southern Front, one of the leaders of the defeat of Denikin's troops near Orel, the liberation of Donbass, Kharkov, Left-Bank Ukraine.
In 1920-1921 he was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Caucasian Front.
In February 1920, he was chairman of the Bureau for the Restoration of Soviet Power in the North Caucasus. Since April 1920, he headed the Caucasian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b).
From February 1922 to September 1926 he was the first secretary of the Transcaucasian Regional Party Committee, the first secretary of the North Caucasian Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.
In 1924-1927 he was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR.
In 1926-1930 he was chairman of the Central Control Commission of the CPSU (b) and People's Commissar of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection (RKI), deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR.
In November 1930, he was appointed chairman of the Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNKh).
Since 1932 - People's Commissar of Heavy Industry of the USSR.
Ordzhonikidze became one of the main organizers of industrialization in the USSR. He managed to mobilize the country's resources to create powerful industrial enterprises. He made a great contribution to the creation and development of the aviation industry, research institutes, and a network of aviation universities. Participated in the creation of Soviet defense societies (Aviakhim, Osoaviakhim), in the organization of flights.
Ordzhonikidze was awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner of the RSFSR, the Red Banner of Labor.
