Lesson objectives: To introduce students to the term "tsunami"; Introduce students to the term "tsunami"; Determine the causes of origin and possible consequences of the tsunami; Determine the causes of origin and possible consequences of the tsunami; Teach children the correct behavior in case of a threat and during the arrival of a tsunami wave; Teach children the correct behavior in case of a threat and during the arrival of a tsunami wave; To form a value attitude towards one's life and health; To form a value attitude towards one's life and health;

Why study tsunamis? Everyone remembers the terrible disaster in December 2004 associated with the tsunami that resulted from an underwater earthquake in the Indonesian region. Then, in many countries of the Indian Ocean, 200 thousand people died, gigantic destruction occurred, the consequences of which will be felt for many years to come.

SPEED - the distance that a tsunami wave travels in a certain time The speed can reach km / h The speed can reach km / h When approaching the coast, it decreases to km / h When approaching the coast, it decreases to km / h

Wavelength - the horizontal distance between two peaks or bottoms of a sea wave Sea wave length ranges from meters Sea wave length ranges from meters Sometimes up to 1000 meters Sometimes up to 1000 meters

Wave height - Wave height - vertical distance between the crest and the bottom of the wave At the point of origin, the height of the wave reaches only a few decimeters At the point of origin, the height of the wave reaches only a few decimeters When approaching the coast, the wave can reach an average of meters. When approaching the coast, the wave can reach an average of meters. The maximum recorded tsunami wave height is 70 meters. The maximum recorded tsunami wave height is 70 meters.

Estimation of tsunami strength: Tsunami scores Maximum wave height on the coast, Tsunami characteristic Tsunami characteristic I up to 1 m. up to 1 m. Very weak II II 1 m. 1 m. Weak. May flood flat coast III III 2 m. 2 m. Medium. Flat coasts are flooded, light ships are washed ashore IV IV 3-8 m. 3-8 m. Strong. Large ships are washed ashore, coastal buildings and structures are damaged V 8-23 m m. Very strong. Significant destruction both on the coast and inland along the front up to 400 km VI VI more than 23 m. more than 23 m. Catastrophic. Complete devastation of the coast and coastal territories along a front of more than 500 km

Secondary damaging factors of a tsunami: Destruction of buildings Destruction of buildings Stranding of ships on the beach Stranding of ships on the coast Death of people and animals Death of people and animals Washout of the fertile soil layer Washout of the fertile soil layer Fires Fires Pollution of water sources Pollution of water sources

Rules of conduct in case of a threat of a possible arrival of a tsunami After hearing the signals, carefully listen to the information about the possible time of arrival of the wave and the organization of evacuation to a safe place; Having heard the signals, carefully listen to the information about the possible time of arrival of the wave and the organization of evacuation to a safe place; Take with you a minimum of warm clothes, food, valuables, documents; Take with you a minimum of warm clothes, food, valuables, documents; Before leaving, turn off the gas and water, turn off the electricity; Before leaving, turn off the gas and water, turn off the electricity; Without delay, go into the depths of the land or to a hill; Without delay, go into the depths of the land or to a hill;

Rules of conduct in the event of a sudden arrival of a tsunami Immediately lock all windows and doors and go up to the top floor; Immediately lock all windows and doors and go up to the top floor; As a general rule, don't run out of a solid building; As a general rule, don't run out of a solid building; Take a safe place indoors - away from windows, near the main wall; Take a safe place indoors - away from windows, near the main wall; If the wave caught on the street, then try to cling to a tree trunk or a concrete wall; get ready for the return movement of the wave; If the wave caught on the street, then try to cling to a tree trunk or a concrete wall; get ready for the return movement of the wave; Once in the water, having previously taken air into the lungs, it is necessary to group and cover your head with your hands; Once in the water, having previously taken air into the lungs, it is necessary to group and cover your head with your hands;

Rules of conduct after the passage of the tsunami: Stay in a safe place for at least 3-5 hours after the first wave; there can be several waves and they can occur with an interval of 3 minutes to 3 hours; Stay in a safe place for at least 3-5 hours after the first wave; there can be several waves and they can occur with an interval of 3 minutes to 3 hours; Remember to watch out for damaged power lines, broken fuel tanks, fires and building collapses; Remember to watch out for damaged power lines, broken fuel tanks, fires and building collapses; Be sure to wait for the alarm signal; Be sure to wait for the alarm signal;

Consolidation of the material: Tell us about the rules of conduct during a tsunami. Explain why, when moving away from a tsunami to a safe place, it is impossible to move along the valleys of streams and rivers flowing into the sea, and also to meet a wave in a space with a large number of structures?

Homework: 1. Paragraph, page Prepare an essay on the largest tsunami in the history of mankind.

Lesson topic: Tsunami

Type of lesson- learning new material

Target:



Tasks:
Educational:



Developing:


Educational:

Equipment:
computer, projector, screen.

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Lesson topic: Tsunami

Type of lesson - learning new material

Target:
1. To acquaint students with a dangerous marine hydrological phenomenon - a tsunami;
2. Give students the necessary information about the causes of tsunamis and their consequences.
3. Use interdisciplinary connections for conscious perception of the material.
Tasks:
Educational:
- Teach students to act in extreme situations;
- To reveal the causes of the tsunami and the consequences of the impact of the tsunami;
- Familiarize yourself with tsunami parameters and tsunami protection measures
Developing:
- Formation of the psychological readiness of students to act in an emergency.
- Revealing the creative abilities of students in the analysis of the situation and drawing up a plan for getting out of it.
Educational :
- To cultivate a sense of self-confidence in an extreme situation and responsibility for the lives of other people.
Equipment:
computer, projector, screen.

Lesson Plan :

1. Organizational moment - 1 minute.

2. Actualization of interdisciplinary connections - 5 minutes

3. Introductory speech of the teacher - 1 minute.
Presentation of new material, watching a video presentation - 24 minutes.

4. Fixing the material, performing a test task on a computer - 8 minutes. Answering questions - 2 minutes

5. The result of the lesson is 2 minutes.

6. Homework - 2 minutes.

At the end of the topic, students should:
a) know:

Tsunami warning methods;

damaging factors;

Basic measures to protect the population from tsunamis;

b) have the skills to carry out tsunami protection measures;

c) have an idea about the consequences of a tsunami.

During the classes :

I stage Organizational moment (1 min.)

Organization of the beginning of the lesson.
The presence of students and the readiness of the class to work are checked.
I announce a work plan - a lesson in studying new material from the section on natural disasters and protecting the population from their consequences.

II stage Actualization of interdisciplinary knowledge - (5 min.)

Geography: Waves in the ocean: wind waves, ebbs and flows, tsunamis.
History: Dates and areas of natural disaster in Russia, in the world.

Stage III Learning new material - (24 min.)

slide 1.
So that the elements do not suddenly overtake,
Trouble did not suddenly cover
We must take measures such
So that the rebuff was always ready for her!

Look for solutions to win
You can't back down from the elements
Solidarity with civil protection
Help you deal with adversity

Teacher's story.

Tsunami refers to marine hazardous hydrological phenomena.
At 4 am on November 5, 1952, residents of the city of Severo-Kurilsk and a number of coastal villages on Parshumir Island, which is part of the Kuril Islands, were awakened by strong tremors that lasted about half an hour. Earthquakes happen here quite often, and people again went to bed when the earth seemed to calm down. Soon, a strong noise and crackling sounded from the sea - a huge water shaft was advancing on the city, which swept across the island, reached the slope of the hill and rushed back. Half-dressed people fled to the hills, fleeing from a terrible wave. It was an unusually quiet moonlit night.
The first wave of water came down after 15 minutes, and some residents returned to their homes in order to save at least something from their property. At that moment, a second, more terrible shaft 10 meters high came, which destroyed the entire city. Sweeping away everything in its path, a terrible wave swept into the sea all city buildings, cars, agricultural machinery. The city was filled with the roar of buildings and the screams of dying people.
After the disaster, an empty area of ​​​​several square kilometers formed on the site of the city. More than 2,000 people died in the city and towns.
This natural disaster, caused by waves of huge destructive force that washed up on the coast, is called a tsunami.

Slides 2-4.

Concept - tsunami. Origin and cause of the tsunami. Characteristics of tsunami waves. Tsunami classification: according to the causes of its occurrence; by intensity.

Slides 5.

The main parameters of the tsunami..

Slide 6-8.

The most tsunami-prone regions of Russia, the world. (Kamchatka, Sakhalin, the Kuriles, the Pacific coast, Indonesia, Chile, Peru, Japan, East Java, the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Hawaiian Islands). Display slide No. 17 on an interactive whiteboard and mark the most tsunami-prone areas . Show these areas on a world map.

Slides 9-10.

The main paralyzing factors

Slide 11.

The consequences of the tsunami.

slide 12.

Advance tsunami protection measures.

Slides 13-15.

When you receive a "TSUNAMI IS COMING" signal. Rules of conduct upon receipt of a signal about the approach of a tsunami. Rules of conduct in the event of a sudden tsunami approach.

slide 16.

Rules of conduct after the passage of the tsunami.

IV stage Fixing the material

slide 17.
Execution of a test task.

You have a test. Questions can be answered with YES or NO. Therefore, be careful. Started doing the task.

slide 18.

Checking the "KEY" test

Stage V Results of the lesson.

VI stage. Homework.

Bibliography

1. Frolov M.P. Fundamentals of life safety. – Moscow.: AST, 2009.

2. Gerasimova T.P. Beginner course in geography. – M.: DROFA, 2010.

Internet resources

1. Tsunami video http://rest.msun.ru/rest/tsunami/tsunami.php

2. Photos, illustrations of the tsunami http://cynami.com/

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Slides captions:

OBJ Tsunami

The concept of "tsunami" Tsunamis are waves in the ocean caused by underwater and coastal earthquakes, during the explosions of volcanoes, during the collapse of coasts or large underwater ones. Tsunami is a Japanese word. Pronounced "tsu-na-mi". "tsu" means harbor, "nami" means wave.

Causes of a tsunami:

Causes of a tsunami: 1 formation of cracks on the bottom 2 raising (lowering) of a part of the bottom 3 generation of waves by water tending to return to its original state Underwater earthquake

The main parameters of a tsunami are: speed (600-1000 km/h); wave height (up to 70 m); wavelengths (up to 1000 km); wave period (from minutes to several hours).

Tsunami prone areas

Tsunami off the coast of Sri Lanka December 26, 2004 in a satellite image from www.themegallery.com

Change in the contours of the coastline due to the tsunami in Indonesia in 2004

Main damaging factors: Primary: air wave; wave blow; hydrodynamic water pressure.

Main damaging factors: Secondary: flooding of the area; destruction of buildings, structures, communications; beaching ships; death of people and animals; soil washout, loss of agricultural crops; Soil pollution; pollution or destruction of drinking water sources.

The consequences of the tsunami

Early measures for protection against tsunamis: creation of a system of observation and forecasting; prohibition of new construction in hazardous areas; transfer of objects to safe places; construction of breakwaters and dams; advance preparation of routes and places for evacuation; preparing the population for action; tree planting.

Upon receipt of the signal "There is a tsunami": forecasting the possible place and time of the tsunami approach; public notification; urgent exit of ships to the open sea; emergency evacuation of the population to safe places.

Rules of conduct upon receipt of a signal about the approach of a tsunami: after hearing the sounds of sirens, carefully listen to the message about the time of arrival of the wave and the organization of the evacuation of the population to a safe place; take with you a minimum of warm clothes (preferably waterproof), food, money, documents, and valuables; before leaving, turn off the gas and water in the house, turn off the electricity; without delay, go inland to a hill or 2-3 km from the coast.

Rules of conduct in the event of a sudden tsunami approach: immediately close all windows and doors and go up to the top floor; the general rule is not to run out of a solid building; take the safest place in the room - away from the windows near the main wall on the side of the arrival of the wave; if the wave catches on the street, then try to cling to a tree trunk or a concrete wall; get ready for the return movement of the wave.

Rules of conduct after the passage of the tsunami: stay in a safe place for at least 2-3 hours after the arrival of the first wave; wait for the alarm signal.

VERIFICATION TEST: 1 . Is a tsunami a wave in the ocean caused by an underwater (coastal) earthquake or volcanic eruption? 2. Is the speed of the wave near the shore greater than in the ocean? 3. Does the central part of Russia belong to a tsunami-prone region? 4. The main damaging factors of a tsunami: air wave, wave impact, hydrodynamic pressure? 5. Upon receiving a signal about the approach of a tsunami, you must: - take the necessary things, documents, food - turn off gas, water, turn off electricity - go 2-3 km deep into the land or to a hill? 6. Do you need to stay in a safe place after the passage of the tsunami 12-13 hours? Answer graphically YES or NO

Lesson Objectives

• 1. Get acquainted with a variety of earthquakes - seaquakes.

2. Explain the causes of tsunamis and the devastating consequences of tsunamis.

3. Work out the rules of safe behavior during a tsunami.

• The concept of a tsunami.
• Causes of a tsunami.
• The main characteristics of a tsunami.
• Damaging factors of a tsunami.
• Tsunami protection measures.
• Actions of the population in the event of a tsunami threat.
• Check yourself.

What is a tsunami?

- This is a generally accepted international scientific term, it comes from the Japanese word, which means " big wave flooding the bay. Pronounced "tsunami".

"tsu" means bay, "nami" means wave.

The exact definition of a tsunami is: these are long waves of a catastrophic nature, arising mainly as a result of tectonic movements on the ocean floor.

Tsunami is a dangerous natural phenomenon.

main area where the tsunami occurs is Pacific Ocean . Of the 400 active volcanoes on earth today 330 located in the Pacific Ocean, there are more 80% all earthquakes

How a tsunami is formed

1 ) An earthquake occurs when two plates move towards each other. One plate goes under another, displacing a huge amount of water.

2 ) As the wave approaches the coast, the rising ocean floor pushes it up. The waves are getting higher.

How and where do tsunamis occur?

The formation of giant waves

Hot magma burst into the ocean

Rupture of the earth's crust

Causes

• Underwater earthquake (about 85% of all tsunamis);
• Landslides (about 7% of tsunamis);
• Volcanic eruptions (about 5% of all tsunamis);
• Human activity;
• Meteor falling;
• Wind.

Signs of a tsunami

• Sudden rapid withdrawal of water from the shore and drying of the bottom;
• Earthquake;
• Unusual drift of ice and other floating objects;
• Huge reverse faults at the edges of ice and reefs, the formation of currents.

Main characteristics of a tsunami

• Crest is the highest part of the wave.
• Sole is the lowest part of the wave.
• Tsunami speed is the distance traveled by a tsunami in a given time.
• wave height is the vertical distance between the wave crest and the wave trough.
• Wavelength- the horizontal distance between two peaks or bottoms of sea waves.
• Wave period is the time interval between the arrival of two successive waves.

Estimate of tsunami strength

Tsunami scores

Maximum wave height on the shore

Tsunami characteristic

Very weak

Weak. Can flood the flat coast

Average. Flat coasts are flooded, light ships are washed ashore

Strong. Large ships are washed ashore, coastal buildings and structures are damaged

Very strong. Significant damage both on the coast and inland along the front up to 400 km

over 23 m.

Catastrophic. Complete devastation of the coast and coastal territories along a front of more than 500 km

Primary damaging factors of a tsunami

• Wave shock;
• Air wave;
• Flood;
• Flooding;
• hydrodynamic

water flow pressure.

Secondary damaging factors of a tsunami

• Building destruction;
• Beaching of ships;
• Death of people and animals;
• Washing off the fertile soil layer;
• fires;
• Pollution of water sources;
• Spread of infectious diseases;
• epidemics.

early action

tsunami protection

• creation of a system of observation and forecasting;
• prohibition of new construction in hazardous areas;
• transfer of objects to safe places;
• construction of breakwaters and dams;
• advance preparation of routes and places for evacuation;
• preparation of the population;
• tree planting.

TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM

• The Pacific Tsunami Warning System (TWS) includes 25 states, including Russia, whose coastal areas are affected by tsunamis.
• The Far East Tsunami Warning Service is interregional and consists of three regional services: Kamchatka, Sakhalin regions and Primorsky Krai. In the Kamchatka region, tsunami warning is provided by the tsunami station of the Kamchatka Territorial Administration for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring and the seismic station of the Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences.
• The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (TPTC) is located in the Hawaiian Islands of the USA in the city of Honolulu.

Internet system tsunami alerts

In three years, the world's fastest tsunami early warning system should be available. The worldwide electronic network, as well as cellular telephone communications will be used to send an alarm signal. Moreover, emails and SMS will be sent not only to the addresses of regional services, but also to hotels, private individuals: to everyone who becomes a subscriber of the system.

Tsunami Safety Rules

• When receiving a tsunami alarm, you must immediately leave the residential and office premises.
• If you are outside the warning zone or in hard-to-reach coastal areas, then when signs of a threat are detected, you should remember that tsunami waves can reach the coast 15-20 minutes after the earthquake starts.
• If within 1-2 hours after a strong earthquake the waves do not hit the shore, then the tsunami, as a rule, no longer threatens.

• You should not return to shore after the first wave earlier than after 3 hours, as the first wave is usually followed by others, with the second and third waves reaching their greatest strength.
• Vessels in coastal waters, standing in an open roadstead or in a bay with a wide entrance, and even more so at the berths, should go to the ocean; keep the course - perpendicular to the line of the coast.
• If your area has a public address system, wait for the alarm signal to end.

REMEMBER! A tsunami is not as scary as human carelessness and disorganization during a disaster.

Tsunami warning signal "Attention everyone!", transmitted by sirens, intermittent beeps of enterprises and vehicles. When you hear the signal, turn on the radio, TV (on the local program guide) and listen to the information and instructions.

It usually reports the estimated time of arrival of the tsunami and specific coastal settlements that are in danger, the procedure for actions and evacuation of the population, movement routes and collection points.

Act in accordance with the instructions given.

Actions in the event of a sudden arrival of a tsunami on the street

In case of a sudden arrival of a tsunami on the street, run to elevated places, if there are none, move 2-3 km from the coast, stay in a safe place and wait 2-3 hours.

Tsunami Early Warning Actions and

If you receive a tsunami warning, inform your loved ones and neighbors about it. Continuing to listen to the local radio, prepare for the evacuation at the direction of the civil defense authorities.

What to do if you are inside a building during a sudden tsunami

Climb up to the upper floors

Move to a safe place

Close doors and locks

Stay in a solid building on the top floor

What not to do during a tsunami

When there is a threat of a tsunami, one cannot go down, look at the exposed bottom, meet a wave in space with a large number of structures because of the danger of impacts against them.

Tsunami timeline

The oldest tsunami known to mankind occurred on July 21, 365 AD. in the Mediterranean Sea after a strong earthquake, which the Chinese chronicles have preserved under the name "hungtao". A tsunami wave destroyed the city of Alexandria in Egypt and claimed the lives of thousands of people

The most famous tsunami

• June 15, 1896 year in the Sanriku region (Japan). This catastrophe was included in the Guinness Book of Records as one of the most severe tsunami-related disasters in terms of the number of victims.

• April 14, 1923 a strong earthquake occurred in the Kamchatka Bay. In 15-20 minutes after the earth shook, a tsunami wave approached the top of the bay.

• September 1, 1923 – Tokyo and Yokohama;
• 1933 – Honshu Islands;
• 1944 – Japanese trench;
• 1952 – Aleutian Trench;
• April 1, 1946 - Hilo (Hawaii, USA)

• November 5, 1952 – Severo-Kurilsk;
• May 22, 1960 the tsunami hit Hilo again;
• May 23, 1960 – Kamchatka;
• Crescent City (California, USA) - March 1964

The most famous tsunami cases in the world

• Pitcairn Island (Polynesia) - 1972 ;
• French Riviera (France) October 1979 ;
• June 17, 1998 year -Papua New Guinea

• December 26, 2004 – Indian Ocean (Sumatra, Sri Lanka, east coast of India, Maldives, coastal zone in Somalia in East Africa)

A wave that brings death...

The earthquake that happened December 26, 2004 years off the coast Indonesia , caused a giant wave - a tsunami. The tsunami claimed the lives of 300 thousand people and caused huge material damage. According to the UN, this biggest natural disaster that has befallen mankind in recent 100 years !!!

Indonesia before the tsunami

Indonesia after the tsunami

Tsunami in Kamchatka

About 80% of the strongest earthquakes in the world occur in the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, the Pacific coast of Kamchatka and the Commander Islands is most exposed to tsunami .

Tsunami in Kamchatka

• October 17, 1737 - Cape Lopatka;
• May 18, 1841 - Avacha bay;
• April 14, 1923 – Dembievskaya spit;
• November 14, 1936 – Cape Kamchatsky;

• November 5, 1952 - boo. Olga ;
• May 24, 1960 - ("Chilean" tsunami) m.Shipunsky
• November 23, 1969 - peninsula Ozerny;
• December 5, 1997 - Kronotsky Bay.

1. Tsunami is…….

A) covering the surrounding surface with a layer of water;

B) displacement of rock masses along the slope under the influence of water flows;

C) giant ocean waves, usually resulting from underwater or island earthquakes;

D) giant ocean waves resulting from volcanic eruptions.

2. What determines the destructive power of a tsunami?

A) on the time of day, year and air temperature;

B) on the speed of the wave;

B) from the direction of wave movement in relation to the shore;

D) from the contour of the coastline, the relief of the coast, the coastal slope and the shelf.

3. What are the known damaging factors of a tsunami?

A) the impact of the wave;

B) blurring;

B) a flood

D) an air wave in the ocean.

4. What should be done with early warning of an approaching tsunami?

A) take cover on the roof of the building;

B) turn on the TV, radio and listen to the message and recommendations, strengthen the windows and doors of the lower floors, take documents, stock up on food and water in sealed containers;

C) move valuables to the upper floors, turn off water, electricity;

D) take cover in a safe place or head to the assembly point.

5. What should be done in case of a sudden arrival of a tsunami, if it is possible to leave the building?

A) proceed to the collection point; B) stay in a safe place until (2-3 hours) until all the tsunami waves have passed; C) in the absence of a hill, move away from the coast by 2-3 km; D) climb to an elevated safe place.

6. What should be done in case of a sudden arrival of a tsunami, if there is no possibility leave the building?

A) take cover on the roof of the building; B) take refuge in a building, if possible on the top floor in a safe place; C) close the doors on constipation.

Homework

• Chapter 7, pp. 108-120.
• Schemes 12-14, write in a notebook.
• Prepare an essay on the largest tsunami in the history of mankind.

is a dangerous natural phenomenon, which is sea waves, arising mainly as a result of the upward or downward displacement of extended sections of the seabed during underwater and coastal earthquakes. The tsunami-prone regions of our country are the Kuriles, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, and the Pacific coast. Having formed in any place, a tsunami can spread at high speed (up to 1000 km / h) for several thousand kilometers, while the height of the tsunami in the area of ​​​​occurrence is from 0.1 to 5 meters. When reaching shallow water, the wave height increases sharply, reaching a height of 10 to 50 meters. Huge masses of water thrown ashore lead to flooding of the area, destruction of buildings and structures, power transmission and communication lines, roads, bridges, piers, as well as to the death of people and animals. An air shock wave propagates in front of the water shaft. It acts like a blast wave, destroying buildings and structures. The tsunami wave may not be the only one. Very often it is a series of waves rolling ashore with an interval of 1 hour or more. The possible scale of destruction is determined by the range of the tsunami: weak (1-2 points); average (3 points); strong (4 points); destructive (5 points).

SIGNS OF A TSUNAMI

An earthquake is a natural tsunami warning signal. Before the start of a tsunami, as a rule, the water recedes far from the coast, exposing the seabed for hundreds of meters and even several kilometers. This low tide can last from a few minutes to half an hour.

The movement of the waves may be accompanied by thunderous sounds that are heard before the arrival of the tsunami waves. Sometimes, before a tsunami wave, the coast is flooded with a water "carpet". The appearance of cracks in the ice cover off the coast is possible. A sign of an approaching natural disaster may be a change in the usual behavior of animals that sense danger in advance and tend to move to higher places.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Follow the tsunami forecast messages, remembering their harbingers. Memorize and explain to your family the tsunami warning signals for your area. Plan ahead for what to do during a tsunami. Make sure that all your family members, co-workers and acquaintances know what to do during a tsunami. Assess if your home or place of work is located in a tsunami-prone area. Remember that the most dangerous places are river mouths, narrowing bays, straits. Know the boundaries of the most dangerous areas and the shortest routes to safety. Make a list of documents, property and medicines taken out during the evacuation. It is advisable to put property and medicines in a special suitcase or backpack. Think about the evacuation order in advance. Decide where your family members will meet if there is a tsunami alert. In the course of daily activities at home and at work, do not clutter the corridors and exits with bulky things, closets, bicycles, strollers. Keep all aisles clear for quick evacuation. Learn the rules of conduct in case of a tsunami hazard.

Think over the sequence of your actions if you find yourself indoors, outdoors, or in water during a tsunami. Prepare a place in your apartment in advance, in which, in case of a quick evacuation, put the necessary documents, clothes, personal belongings, a two-day supply of non-perishable food.

Support public tsunami preparedness programs, actively participate in planting windbreaks along the coast.

Support the efforts of local authorities to strengthen the bays with breakwaters and coastal dams.

WHAT TO DO DURING A TSUNAMI

When a tsunami warning is given, react immediately. Use every minute to ensure your personal safety and the protection of those around you. You can have time from a few minutes to half an hour or more, so if you act calmly and thoughtfully, you can increase your chances of being protected from the effects of a tsunami.

If you are indoors, immediately leave it, after turning off the light and gas, and move to a safe place. Take the shortest route to an elevated place 30-40 m above sea level or quickly move 2-3 km from the coast. If you are driving, drive in a safe direction, picking up running people along the way. If it is impossible to hide in a safe place, when there is no time left to move, climb as high as possible to the upper floors of the building, close windows and doors. If possible, move to the most secure building.

If you take shelter indoors, remember that the safest areas are places near the main internal walls, near the columns, in the corners formed by the main walls. Remove nearby objects that may fall, especially glass ones. If you do find yourself outdoors, try to climb a tree or take cover in a place that is less prone to impact. In extreme cases, it is necessary to cling to a tree trunk or a solid barrier.

Once in the water, get rid of shoes and wet clothes, try to catch on objects floating on the water. Be careful, as the wave can carry large objects and their fragments. After the arrival of the first wave, prepare for a meeting with the second and subsequent waves, and if possible, leave the dangerous area. If necessary, provide first aid to the injured.

WHAT TO DO AFTER THE TSUNAMI

Wait for the alarm signal. Return to your original place after making sure that there were no high waves on the sea for two to three hours.

Entering the house, check its strength, the safety of windows and doors. Make sure that there are no cracks in the walls and floors, there is no undermining of foundations. Carefully check the presence of gas leaks in the premises, the condition of the electric lighting.
Report the state of your home to the emergency commission. Actively join the team to carry out rescue and other urgent work in damaged buildings, search for victims and provide them with the necessary assistance.

The purpose of the work: In our presentation, we will try to reveal the concepts of natural disasters on the water: tsunamis and floods, describe the causes of their occurrence, the damage caused by them, illustrating this with photographs. In our presentation, we will try to reveal the concepts of natural disasters on the water: tsunamis and floods, describe the causes of their occurrence, the damage caused by them, illustrating this with photographs.

TSUNAMI (Japanese), sea waves generated mainly by the upward or downward shifting of extended sections of the seabed during underwater and coastal earthquakes. Tsunami propagation speed from 50 to 1000 km/h; height in the area of ​​occurrence from 0.1 to 5 m, near the coasts from 10 to 50 m or more. Tsunamis produce devastating destruction on land. TSUNAMI (Japanese), sea waves generated mainly by the upward or downward movement of long stretches of the seafloor during underwater and coastal earthquakes. Tsunami propagation speed from 50 to 1000 km/h; height in the area of ​​occurrence from 0.1 to 5 m, near the coasts from 10 to 50 m or more. Tsunamis wreaking havoc on land

A tsunami is considered a natural disaster. The last most devastating tsunami occurred in 2004 in Central Asia, when 230 thousand people died, and the map of the coastal strip changed significantly. The tsunami is considered a natural disaster. The last most devastating tsunami occurred in 2004 in Central Asia, when 230 thousand people died, and the map of the coastal strip changed significantly

Tsunamis are caused by the eruption of underwater volcanoes on the surface of the ocean. The water masses begin to sway and gradually come to a slow, but carrying a huge energy movement, which spreads from the center in all directions. The monstrous power of the tsunami is found only off the coast. There, the waves slow down their movement, the water rises to incredible heights. As with a strong ebb, the water first rolls away from the shore, exposing the bottom for miles. Then it rises again in a matter of minutes, sweeping away in its path. Tsunamis are caused by the eruption of underwater volcanoes on the surface of the ocean. The water masses begin to sway and gradually come to a slow, but carrying a huge energy movement, which spreads from the center in all directions. The monstrous power of the tsunami is found only off the coast. There, the waves slow down their movement, the water rises to incredible heights. As with a strong ebb, the water first rolls away from the shore, exposing the bottom for miles. Then it rises again in a matter of minutes, sweeping away in its path.

The sources of strong underwater earthquakes are located in the so-called subduction regions on the bottom of the World Ocean, where, according to the theory of plate tectonics, one lithospheric plate moves under another. Such zones encircle the Pacific Ocean, passing through the Aleutian-Alaska, Kuril-Kamchatka, Japanese and other island arcs. The sources of strong underwater earthquakes are located in the so-called subduction regions on the bottom of the World Ocean, where, according to the theory of plate tectonics, one lithospheric plate moves under another. Such zones encircle the Pacific Ocean, passing through the Aleutian-Alaska, Kuril-Kamchatka, Japanese and other island arcs.

Of every 100 strong earthquakes that occur, for example, in the Pacific Ocean, only one generates a tsunami. The period of great waves is from 2 to 40 minutes. It is almost impossible to notice or feel a tsunami in the open sea, since here their height is about one meter, and their length is from several tens to hundreds of kilometers. Of every 100 strong earthquakes that occur, for example, in the Pacific Ocean, only one generates a tsunami. The period of great waves is from 2 to 40 minutes. It is almost impossible to notice or feel a tsunami in the open sea, since here their height is about one meter, and their length is from several tens to hundreds of kilometers. Above the underwater ridges and as they approach the coast, the height of the tsunami waves increases. It increases especially intensively when they enter narrowing triangular or funnel-shaped bays. As a result, mountains of water 10–15 meters high with individual splashes up to 30–50 m can collapse on the coast. The consequences of such surprises are terrible. Above the underwater ridges and as they approach the coast, the height of the tsunami waves increases. It increases especially intensively when they enter narrowing triangular or funnel-shaped bays. As a result, mountains of water 10–15 meters high with individual splashes up to 30–50 m can collapse on the coast. The consequences of such surprises are terrible.

FLOOD, significant flooding of the area as a result of a rise in the water level in a river, lake or sea during snowmelt, heavy rains, wind surges of water, during traffic jams, ice dams, etc. FLOOD, significant flooding of the area as a result of a rise in the water level in a river, lake or the sea during the period of snowmelt, showers, wind surges of water, during traffic jams, ice jams, etc.

Floods on rivers occur due to a sharp increase in water flow due to melting of snow or glaciers, as a result of heavy precipitation, are caused by an increase in the water level in the river due to blockage of the channel by ice or due to clogging of the channel under the ice cover by accumulations of inland ice .. floods occur under the influence of winds , catching up water from the sea and causing an increase in the level due to the delay at the mouth of the water brought by the river. on sea coasts and islands, floods can occur as a result of flooding of the coastal strip by a wave formed during earthquakes or volcanic eruptions in the ocean. Floods can be caused by breaks in dams and protective dams.