Clever words, borrowed from other languages, are designed to strike those around you with the intellect of the speaker or writer. And after all, many people want to know abstruse words for communication and their meaning, but they are too lazy to just look for them on the Internet and use them in simple speech. It's time to finally compile a dictionary of the most incomprehensible words in Russian and their meanings and memorize them! Where and how will it help you? For example, in reviews of new films, performances and books, in conversations with colleagues, in talk shows on TV and the blogosphere, here and there flash with an important look "insight", "kurtosis", "existential" and, of course, trendy "cognitive dissonance". And you do not understand a word, and no one wants to feel "close-minded" and ignorant.
Remember the proverb “The word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you won’t catch it”? Of course, we cannot give a complete list of the smartest words in the world that can be used for conversation, and their meaning, but we offer you a list of literate smart words for communicating with people (and their meaning) - a sort of mini-dictionary of popular smart expressions .
smart nouns
The most useful intricate words with meanings that everyone should know are nouns, because they are the basis of our speech. All these smart words, such as "insight", "collaboration", "frustration" ... So, we replenish the vocabulary with long smart words that you need to know by heart.
ADDITION
The English word addiction characterizes addiction, an addiction, a way of escaping from reality. Addictions are not only alcoholism, gambling, drug addiction, smoking. Psychologists assure: a similar addiction mechanism is found in those who overeat, live and burn at work, love extreme sports, hang out on the Internet for days, love creativity and ... fall in love. Another thing is that the forms of addiction are divided into acceptable by society, like the same workaholism or falling in love, and unacceptable, like excessive craving for alcohol.
AMPHIBOLICITY
Amphibolism is the ambiguity of a concept, its contradictory interpretation. As a rule, this word is rarely used - in dissertations, at court hearings, or in biochemical papers. But it’s not bad at all to understand if someone says “this is amphibolic” or “the amphibolic nature of this concept baffles me, because I adhered strictly to one line,” and you understand that it’s all just about the ambiguity of the concept you are discussing.
vis-a-vis
"Frenchman" vis-a-vis in Russian can be both an adverb ("sit vis-a-vis", that is, opposite each other), and a noun, both masculine and feminine ("my smart vis-a-vis", "your beautiful vis-a-vis"). You have every right to call your counterpart the one who is opposite you, with whom you are sitting face to face.
IDIOSYNCRASY
What did Stirlitz mean when he said: “I have an idiosyncrasy for rhyme”? The fact that he is completely devoid of a poetic gift. He was modest, of course ... The word with ancient Greek roots (idos - “separate, special”; synkrasis - “mixing”) was familiar only to physicians for a long time, but came into wide use as a synonym for the words “allergy”, “rejection”: “Yes, he has idiosyncrasy for everything new!”, “I have an idiosyncrasy for empty talk.”
INSIGHT
Translated from English, "insight" (insight) literally means insight, insight. This concept is used in philosophy and psychology to convey insight, a sudden understanding of something that is not inferred from past experience. So someone will say: “And then it dawned on me!” – and someone will proudly say: “I had an insight!”
COLLABORATION
The association of several equal, independent participants in order to achieve common goals in fashion, art, business, science and education is called (from English collaboration - cooperation). For example, at the end of March, in honor of the 50th anniversary of the fantastic Star Trek franchise, the MAC cosmetics company announced the release of the Star Trek beauty collection. The make-up options will be borrowed from the movie characters of the franchise and brought to life with 25 limited-edition products for lips, eyes and face. The start of sales is in August 2016.
CARRYLISM
A phenomenon in which the interlocutor asks you a question again, although he heard it perfectly. Why is he doing this? Scientists say that a person does this consciously or subconsciously in order to have more time to formulate an answer. They (or their colleagues) are still arguing about the origin of the word. Many associate him with the American politician John Kerry, who at the end of 2015 could not immediately answer the question of a Russian student and asked him several times. If someone wants to accuse you of being slow to respond, tell him that this is nothing more than carrilism, and you need a couple of seconds to formulate an answer.
LIPOPHRENIC
Remember this: "Do not touch me, old woman, I am in sorrow." It was not Ivan the Terrible who said this, but a lipophrenic. In more detail, a lipophrenic is a person who feels irresistible sadness, melancholy and does not know the reasons for the appearance of this condition. Lipophrenia, which is also called apathy, depression, melancholy, usually appears from being alone for a long time, from routine activities or insufficient activity (which is relevant for today's youth), as well as from a lack of positive emotions. If you don’t want to wear the not-so-proud name “lipophrenic”, do your favorite things more often, prefer live communication to virtual communication, walk more in the fresh air.
NATIFORM
Have you seen stones in the form of a heart or a tomato with a nose? If yes, then you are halfway to understanding the word “natiform”. But here is a more particular case, because a natiform is a natural formation that resembles the outlines of a female body or part of it. It could be a tree that you looked at from a certain angle and saw shoulders, chest, waist, hips… Or rocks in a rock looking so bizarre that it reminded you of your ex. These are all natiforms.
palynphrasia
Have you noticed for some people that they repeat one word or phrase in almost every sentence? If not, you are lucky, and if you have met with this, congratulate your friend: he has palinphrasia. It is not contagious, but it is absolutely unpleasant when in every sentence you will be told "sir" or "I told you that ...". And so in a circle. As a result, you will not hear other words, lose the essence of the narrative and generally lose any interest in the conversation.
SYNERGY
When this word is called, they usually remember its arithmetic “formula”: 1 + 1 = 3. The ancient Greek synergeia is translated as “cooperation, commonwealth”. It means an amazing effect that occurs when several subjects or objects interact. This summed effect exceeds the return from the actions of each participant in the process separately. An example of synergy: you have mastered a few secrets of applying concealer, and your friend knows all the intricacies of mascara. By sharing life hacks, both of you, without losing your previous experience, will gain a new one, that is, you will grow up in the art of makeup.
SOPHISTRY
The philosophical current in Ancient Greece, whose followers were famous for their ability to cunningly conduct scientific disputes, gave the name to verbal statements based on the juggling of facts, simplifications, and violations of logic. Another sophist (from the ancient Greek sophia - “skill, skill, cunning invention, trick, wisdom, knowledge”) is brilliantly able to prove obvious absurdity: “Half-empty is the same as half-full. If the halves are equal, then the whole ones are equal. Therefore, the empty is the same as the full. Therefore, sophistry in a figurative sense is called any speech that is built on false conclusions, but disguises itself as correct, logical.
TOCHE
Borrowed from the sports sphere, the word “touché” (touchér in French - touch) draws a line to a certain dispute, when one of the interlocutors recognizes the correctness, superiority of the other after a decisive argument or a verbal injection - what if you competed not in knowledge of the topic, but in wit? Touche, the argument is counted, as fencing injections or throws on the back of wrestlers, performed in accordance with all the rules, are counted.
FRUSTRATION
Falling into a state of frustration (Latin frustratio - deceit, failure, futile expectation) means experiencing a whole range of negative feelings due to the inability to achieve what you want. For example, you were planning a vacation at sea, you had already packed your suitcase, and suddenly your boss postpones your vacation a month later because of an important project that you cannot do without. Naturally, you feel anger, despair, anxiety, irritation, disappointment and hopelessness ... Frequent experience of such states, psychologists say, spoils the character, strikes at self-esteem.
EGOCENTRIC
The namesake of the egoist, the egocentric (from the Latin words ego - "I" - and centrum - "center") is still not similar to him. The egocentric is focused on his own inner world, point of view, his interests, needs and does not notice others, but is able to "move", help others, hear them if he is asked for support. Egocentrism in one way or another is inherent in everyone. The egoist sees other people's interests, but deliberately ignores them, opposes himself to others, always putting his person in the first place.
EXCESS
Latin excessus means "exit, evasion". In Russian, the word consonant with “process” has two meanings. The first is an extreme manifestation of something: “This is not literature, but graphomaniac excess!” The second is an emergency, a violation of the normal course of events: "Her gossip caused a real excess in the team."
ESCAPADE
A daring, shocking, provocative, headstrong stunt in the style of Salvador Dali, Lady Gaga or Miley Cyrus, for example, a rotten herring on a hat or a dress made of raw meat - this is an escapade. The French word escapade also has a second meaning - an adventure trip - not in demand in our language.
Smart adjectives
After nouns, it's time to see a dictionary of smart adjectives for every day and their meanings, because it is the presence of adjectives in your speech that will distinguish you from other interlocutors. Decorate your speech with little-known smart words, believe me: this will help you in all areas of life. Such unfamiliar intelligent words (and their meanings) will help raise your status both among friends and among colleagues.
UPSCALING
Derived from the English adjective upscale - "high-quality, first-class, exclusive." Characterizes the absolute embodiment of the desired properties in any subject, object: upscale interior design, upscale sound, upscale image.
VERBAL
This adjective has nothing to do with a tree with fluffy buds, but very much so with our speech. Latin verbum is translated as "word", so "verbal" is verbal, oral. For example, verbal thinking, verbal intelligence, verbal method. There is also the adjective "non-verbal" - not having a verbal expression: non-verbal communication, non-verbal signals.
DEVIANT
What do they mean when they talk about deviant behavior? The French word deviation characterizes a deviation from the norm, whether it is the position of a compass needle, the course of an aircraft or a ship, as well as a feature of the human psyche. In other words, deviant behavior destroys the personality and health of those who prefer an antisocial lifestyle, and also causes moral and material harm to others.
COGNITIVE
Translated from Latin, cognitio is knowledge, knowledge. The adjective "cognitive" describes a person's ability to acquire knowledge, to know the world around him and himself. This psychological term would not be so popular without its companion, the "Frenchman": dissonance means "discord, disharmony, inconsistency."
It turns out a kind of situation “you don’t understand mine”, when previous experience, already accumulated knowledge conflict with new information, new circumstances. There are two opposite ideas about the same thing in your head at once. Let's say your friend emphasizes that he really appreciates punctuality, you like it, and at the same time you do not remember a single meeting when he would not be late. So consider him punctual, organized, true to his word and justify his behavior as accidents or not? The need to choose one thing, evaluate and interpret the newly received picture becomes a cause of mental discomfort.
A synonym for "cognitive dissonance" can be called another stable phrase, the meaning of which not everyone knows. This is a pattern break. This is a broader concept, but the essence is the same: you had some kind of scheme in your head regarding a person, concept, phenomenon, and overnight this scheme collapses due to new knowledge. It turns out that twice two is not always four. Like this?..
SMART
From English, the word "smart" is translated as "smart", "smart". It is this meaning of the word "smart" that is now used in Russia. It cannot be said that it is firmly planted in the minds of Russians, but if you do not know what a “smart watch” or “smart television”, and even more so a “smartphone”, is shame and shame on you. Simply put, the prefix (or part of the word) “smart” means “smart”: smartphone = smart phone, smart watch = smart watch, etc. As you probably noticed, the word "smart" is used specifically with high-tech items, so when using it, follow the context.
TRANSPARENT
An adjective with English roots (transparent - transparent) is held in high esteem by politicians, bloggers and even cosmetologists. The former conclude transparent agreements and voice transparent positions without secrets or omissions, while the latter swear to be as open and sincere with the audience as possible. And transparent, that is, transparent powder does not look like a mask on the face and at the same time perfectly mattifies it. Yes, she can’t hide skin imperfections, but that’s another topic for conversation.
TRANSCENDENTAL
There is a good understandable word "incomprehensible". And when, outside of philosophical debate, one wants to give speeches intellectual depth, some flaunt the Latin "transcendent" (transcendentis) with the same meaning. And now the speaker or writer and his audience begin to search for and discuss transcendental meanings, connections, feelings...
TRIVIAL
Banal, boring, ordinary, primitive, ordinary - that's how many synonyms the adjective "trivial" has. It has French ancestry, and in the native language trivial means the same thing - something ordinary. Fewer interlocutors with trivial thoughts and anecdotes, theater productions and film premieres with a trivial plot!
EXISTENTIAL
Another philosophical concept associated with being, human life. The Latin word existentia is translated as "existence". There are many things that influence our days, but the use of the epithet "existential" adds to these "agents of influence" of universal scale. Existential problems, crises, experiences are phenomena that exist at the heart of the world, manifest in reality and are often beyond the control of human will.
Conclusion
In general, if not all new words could immediately fit into your head, we advise you to compile a dictionary of complex intellectual words for conversation that few people know, with their meaning, of course, and use them as often as possible - in correspondence, when writing in a diary, in a conversation . Only in this way it will not become empty information that you will forget about when you close this page. And by the way: do not think that this is shameful or feigned. It is not at all shameful to look for and memorize tricky words with definitions in order to seem smart. After all, the request “complex words with explanations for smart people” is very common in Runet. Note that for already “smart people”, stupid people will not even look for this.
List of "rare" words in Russian ACCORDING TO THE VERSION OF THE SITE http://language.mypage.ru
The list is odd in places, but interesting nonetheless.
1.Multifora- this is the most common file for documents
2.Gapovat- threaten
3.rubbish blah(or halam-balam) - “This is not halam-balam for you!”
4.Kichkinka- baby, an appeal to a little girl - not an Uzbek, but not a Slav either. From Uzbek. "kichkintoy" - baby.
5.Yeh-ay-yay- Nizhny Novgorod exclamation of surprise
6.Kefirka- a girl trying to whiten her face with sour milk (it can be seen from the patches of unevenly lightened skin, and they smear her face and neck, sometimes her hands. Ears look amazing at the same time)
7.Dubai- a lady who came from earnings, engaged in prostitution. Or dressing "like a Dubai" - bright, tasteless, with an abundance of rhinestones, gold and trinkets.
8.Oud- part of the body (shameful ud - what is usually called an obscene word).
9.tryamochka- rag, rags - dense lace
10.Chuni- type of shoes. Often this is the name of the general footwear, which is used in order to go out at night for a small need.
11.rip- drink alcohol.
12.Confusion- a tangle of everyday affairs or events.
13.Galim(or golimy) - bad, low-quality, uninteresting
14.Yokarny Babai- exclamation (eprst, ezhkin cat, e-mine, etc.), resentment at the current situation.
15.skubut- shave, cut.
16.ShuffleYadka(shuflyada) - a small drawer (in a desk, wardrobe, chest of drawers, etc.)
17.flying- last summer.
18.Ticket- receipt, bill, ticket, a small piece of paper.
19.ZanAdto- too, too much.
20.Mlyavasts, mYavy - relaxation, unwillingness to do anything, fatigue.
21.to dress up- to crack, to perforate.
22.Kotsat- spoil.
23.cowardly- run in small steps.
24.Scabrous- vulgar
25.fuck, trail - go slowly, do not keep up with someone.
26.Buhic- alcohol party
27.overdressed- very bright, vulgarly dressed.
28.Khabalka- a rude, uneducated woman.
29.Broody- chicken woman (offend.)
30.gasp- hit.
31.cant- error.
32.backbiter- harmful child.
33.Hag- crow, old woman.
34.Locker- porch.
35.Podlovka- attic.
36.Blue- eggplant.
37.Rybar, the catcher is the fisherman.
38.nail- lose.
39.Pantyhose- to push in the crowd.
40.sardonic laughter- irrepressible, convulsive, bilious, angry, caustic.
41.lapidarity- brevity, conciseness, expressiveness of the syllable, style.
42.Algolagnia- sexual satisfaction experienced: - when causing pain to a sexual partner (sadism); or - due to pain caused by a sexual partner (masochism).
43.Sublimation- this is a process consisting in the fact that attraction (LIBIDO) goes to a different goal, far from sexual satisfaction, and the energy of instincts is transformed into socially acceptable, morally approved.
44.Lyalichny, lyalichnaya - something very childish.
45.buy up- make purchases.
46.Transcendental- incomprehensible to human understanding
47.Eschatology- ideas about the end of the world.
48.Apologist is a Christian writer who defends Christianity from criticism.
49.Flute- vertical groove on the column.
50.Anagoga- allegorical explanation of biblical texts.
51.Lucullus- feast.
52.aiguillettes- these are plastic things at the end of the laces.
53.Bonhomie- an unceremonious, inappropriately familiar address under the guise of a friendly one.
54.Honeymoon(honeymoon in English) - we believe that this is the first month of the newlyweds, but in English the word is broken into "honey" and "Moon". Most likely, the English word "honeymoon" implies that the ordinary Moon, which in the representation of Americans in the form of cheese, becomes honey.
55.Possessor- a greedy, greedy person. How many are around us...
56.kobenitsya("he kobenitsya", "vykobenitsya", "do not vykobenyvaetsya") - to bully, "to pull out", to show off.
57.MorosYaka, pamorha (emphasis on the first syllable) - drizzling rain in warm weather and the sun.
58.cool(do not conjure) - to excite something, to sway.
59.Vekhotka, vyhotka - a sponge (rag, washcloth) for washing dishes, body, etc.
60.Bawdy(n. "obscene") - vulgar, shameless.
61.gloomy- silly.
62.Korchik, he is a scoop - a small saucepan with a long handle.
64.Surrender to the ball- the same as for free.
65.To the top with a bang- upside down.
66.Kagalom- all together.
67.Wake up- fiddling, not finding a place before falling asleep in bed.
68.kiss, kiss - kiss.
69.trandychiha(tryndet) - a woman idle talker (to speak nonsense).
70.nonsense- verbal nonsense.
71.Trichomudia- junk, husband. sexual organs.
72.Hezat- defecate.
73.Bundel(bundul) - a large bottle, bottle
74.Gamanok- wallet.
75.Buza- dirt, thick.
76.Shkandybat- waddle, go.
77.toss- walk, run.
78.Zhirovka- an invoice for payment.
79.Ayda- let's go, let's go (let's go to the store).
80.exercise- an exercise.
81.Exercise- to do exercises, faire ses exercices
82.Buffoon- jester, bastard.
83.Fat- talker, braggart.
84.Skvalyga- stingy.
85.Yoksel-moksel- used with feeling in moments of complete chaos.
86.Chaos- mess.
87.idler- Chatterbox.
88.Mandibles- clumsy hands.
89.Rinda- turn.
90.Poland- the volume of a certain container.
91.Maza- small (from the Latvian Mazais).
92.Nonche- today.
93.Apotheosis- deification, glorification, exaltation of a person, event or phenomenon.
94.to loosen up- scold someone.
95.Planter, mochilo - a small artificial pond near the garden.
96.Sandbox- scold.
97.epidersia- coincidence, surprise.
98.Perdimonocle— illogical unexpected conclusion.
99.Customize- set against.
100.skimp- miss something.
101.Insinuation- (from lat. insinuatio, literally - insinuatingness) - slander.
102.hoarding- greed.
103.SabAn- stairs with a platform (used during wall painting or other construction work).
104.Adobe- a dwelling made of reed bundles smeared with clay.
105.kryzhit- mark each checked item of the list with checkmarks.
106.Mihryutka- an unpretentious, puny person.
107.Dradedamovy- cloth (dradedam - a type of cloth) (the word is found in classical Russian literature).
108.Expansion- expansion of boundaries, limits.
109.De facto— in fact, actually.
110.De jure- legally, formally.
111.cutter- a cut piece of the product (from life).
112.friable- different books in one box at the acceptance in the store.
113.perzhnya- nonsense, trifle.
114.check- the same as jackal.
115.Herashka(vulg.) - something small and unpleasant, inorg. origin.
116.navel- something small, pleasant (Nabokov).
117.Pomuchtel(chekist.) - Assistant for accounting for bodies.
118.Triticale(bot.) - a hybrid of wheat with rye.
119.Rampetka- butterfly net (Nabokov).
120.Shpak- any civilian (Kuprin).
121.Bilbock- a toy (to catch a ball on a string with a stick) (L. Tolstoy).
122.Bibabo- a hand puppet, like Obraztsov's.
123.Nadys- the other day, recently, spray, brag, brag.
124.Nache- better.
125.Izgvazdat- get dirty.
126.Mandibles- clumsy hands.
In the first grade, the average student knows about two thousand words and learns up to ten words a day while studying at school. Thus, upon graduation, the average citizen we are considering knows tens of thousands of words. At the same time, we use an average of five thousand words, which make up a constant vocabulary.
Importance
It is useful to know buzzwords and their meaning for talking to other people. Rich speech helps to attract attention, interest a person, look better, clearly express thoughts, control the opinion of the interlocutor and gives many other pleasant bonuses. You can also find those who study buzzwords and their meaning for humiliating an opponent and gaining a sense of superiority. However, this motivation is not perfect, although a dictionary of buzzwords can really help you feel better and feel superior to those who do not own such words.
If we talk about the function that smart words carry for communication in everyday life, then rich speech, knowledge of certain quantities and their meanings attract attention. The interlocutor's brain is focused on expressions that are atypical for everyday speech. Therefore, they begin to listen to you more attentively. As a result, your words are better remembered, and you become interesting, sharp-tongued, an interlocutor with whom it is pleasant to communicate.
In addition, knowledge of the list of buzzwords is a status norm for people who communicate with intellectuals, are fond of creativity and use mental labor. If you communicate in this area, you must have the appropriate skills. It is also important to learn how to speak reasoned and to the point, to supply your own speech with interesting accents and tones, which the words proposed below will help to achieve.
Examples
A priori. Not requiring evidence, understandable and so, obtained empirically.
Biennale. Originally an art exhibition, nowadays it is also called just a hangout associated with art. Feature - held every two years.
Vesicular. Originally a medical term that refers to vesicles found in the lungs.
Gesheft. The German word originally refers to trade and profit, and is still used in a similar sense, but it can also be used in a different, figurative, sense.
Dissonance. Originally a musical term that refers to an inharmonious combination of sounds. Now it is used quite often, including in combination with cognitive dissonance, in which everyone wants to plunge each other. Usage example: “Your illiterate use of buzzwords introduces dissonance into speech.”
Endova. Dishes for drinking and eating, but also under the valley they mean a kind of gutter between two roof slopes. If the roof has a complex structure, then where two differently directed slopes are connected, a valley is formed. Not often used in modern speech.
Jamevu. A term close to psychiatry, the antonym of deja vu. With jamevu, you are in familiar surroundings or circumstances in which you have repeatedly been before, but you feel as if you were here for the first time.
Is based. To understand, simply associate the given word with the word based.
Indulgence. Previously, the Catholic Church sold a document for the atonement of sins, at retail, wholesale and by weight. Such a commodity was called indulgence. Now used figuratively.
Case. Originally a Latin word, relatively recently it was often used in jurisprudence. In general, it indicates a strange situation, a combination of circumstances that does not depend on the actors, can have both a positive and a negative meaning. Not noticing and stepping into a puddle is an incident, but meeting a good friend is also an incident.
Liquidity. An economic term, but now used in everyday life. Indicates your ability to convert assets or private property into money.
Skimping. Disdainful attitude. For example: “At work, Ivan skimped on his direct duties.”
Neologism. Literally translated from Latin - "new word". It can be a newly created word or a word used in a new meaning. An example from the Internet: Like is a completely new neologism.
Orthodox. Greek word, antonym for heretic. In the original meaning - a person who is faithful to the teachings, who does not deviate from the original postulates. Now it can be used in other contexts.
Puritanism. A peculiar understanding of the purity of views and behavior in society. Characteristic features are moderation, conservatism of views, minimization of pleasures, claims, needs.
Radicalism. Extreme adherence to views, the use of brute methods to create change, more often in social settings.
Maxim. A moral or wise saying. For example, “after Ivan burst out all evening in the company of friends with deep maxims on the topic of education.”
Interpretation. A similar word is interpretation. In general, we are talking about some kind of commentary, clarification, look at a certain phenomenon. For example, “his interpretation of the Lars von Trier film is different from the generally accepted one.”
Union. A form of union or generalization. Originally a political-economic term, but it can be used in other contexts.
Frustration. The feeling when you want to get what you want but can't reach the goal.
hypocrisy. Creation of a positive image of one's own personality, deliberately bright negative attitude towards free views, ostentatious virtue, modesty (sometimes religiosity). Although in reality the hypocrite is far from the ideals declared aloud.
Time trouble. Lack of time.
Swaggering. Arrogant and disdainful attitude. For example, “The boss, although he kept his distance, was not swaggering, he could communicate normally and joke.”
Chauvinism. Initially, it refers to nationalism and represents its radical form. The chauvinists considered their own nation exceptional and the best. The term can be used in other contexts, but the meaning of the understanding of exclusivity is retained.
Scrupulousness. Following to each “chip”. Behaving according to standards or treating something with care and rigor.
Etymology. Area of knowledge about the origin and meaning of words. In order to replenish your own vocabulary, it is useful to study exactly the etymology.
Jurisdiction. The range of powers that a state body or structure has.
Yagdtash. Hunting bag. Now the term is used as the name of a comfortable stylish bag.
Now that you know some smart Russian words and their meanings, some extra advice should be given. You should not use these terms everywhere, just as different clothes are worn for different situations, so appropriate communication styles are used for different circumstances.
Otherwise, you will look ridiculous, throwing terms around and inserting them indiscriminately into all phrases. The beauty of speech lies in harmoniously combining words, weaving a pattern from their sound and meaning.
Mastering the art of competent communication if desired is not difficult. However, it will be equally important to pay attention to such aspects as correct diction, a well-placed voice and the appropriateness of using certain words.
There are situations when simply using buzzwords and terms is not enough, especially if they are used completely out of place and off topic. To avoid ridiculous attempts to attract the attention of the interlocutor only by inserting smart words, you should definitely study not only the meaning of these words, but also their synonyms and antonyms, the correct placement of stress, declension and gender. For example, a common mistake is to use the word “coffee” in the neuter gender or to try to pluralize the word “coat”.
Another way to show yourself as a competent interlocutor is the ability to avoid banal, hackneyed and “hackneyed” expressions. Instead of “good”, you can say “intelligent” if we are talking about an employee or colleague as a specialist, instead of “beautiful” - “spectacular”, “catchy” if you are discussing the appearance of anyone, even an acquaintance, even a celebrity. With the help of a dictionary, you can choose a synonym for almost every word, at the same time understandable to everyone and at the same time quite unusual. This approach will undoubtedly draw attention to you during communication.
Parasite words can be skipped or replaced. You will not learn this immediately, but persistent and thoughtful training will help achieve the desired effect. Speak slowly, carefully considering your phrases and their logical construction. Gradually, you will definitely master the art of conducting a conversation competently, and this will help you make the right impression, and, perhaps, push your rise up the career ladder. Do not underestimate the ability to correctly express your thoughts and the ability to argue your own opinion, such skills can come in handy in any situation.
On October 4, 1872, Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, a Russian doctor, a famous lexicographer, the author of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, passed away. The collection of words became the main work of his whole life, this dictionary is a unique and inimitable monument of literature. Today we decided to talk about the most unusual dictionaries of the Russian language
Dictionary reversed
An ignorant person, having opened such a reverse dictionary, will not immediately understand what its essence is. Words are aligned to the right, and not as we are used to on the left side. And they are not arranged alphabetically, but in some random order. In fact, everything is not so.
In reverse dictionaries, words are arranged in alphabetical order not by initial letters, but by final ones. And they are printed from the other side of the page, so that it is convenient to search for the right word.
Such dictionaries are indispensable in the study of word formation with the help of suffixes. You can also track the peculiarity of the pronunciation of the word.
The first such dictionaries appeared in the 13th-14th centuries in the Arab countries. True, they were not used by linguists, but by poets. The endings of words collected in alphabetical order helped to easily find the necessary rhyme and complete the poem.
The first reverse dictionaries of the Russian language appeared abroad, in the middle of the 20th century. In the USSR, such publications began to be published in the 70s of the last century. One of the pioneers was the "Reverse Dictionary of the Russian Language" (scientific consultants A. A. Zaliznyak, R. V. Bakhturina, E. M. Smorgunova) (M., 1974), it has about 125,000 words.
Dictionaries of rare words
“Here are the pies! Those are cheese pies! it's with urda! and here are those that Afanasy Ivanovich loves very much, with cabbage and buckwheat porridge. Excuse the pies with what? With urda? A corrosive reader is unlikely to stumble on this word when reading Nikolai Gogol's excellent work "Old World Landowners". For the author and his contemporaries, this seemed to be clearly understandable and used in everyday life.
But what about us, readers from the 21st century, who also want to know what Urdu is? Dictionaries of rare words will come to our aid, of which, fortunately, a sufficient number have now appeared on the network. So, Urda is pomace from poppy seeds, with which pies were baked during the time of Nikolai Vasilyevich. With the help of such dictionaries, you can find out who a chapyzhnik is, where to wear a current, and who was called yellow-eyed.
Dictionaries of names of inhabitants
How to call the inhabitants of Kursk in one word? And Uglich? And Salekhard? Okay, don't worry! Linguists, geographers and historians have already done everything for us, we just have to open the dictionary and find the right city. Such collections are highly valued and are always at hand for an experienced traveler. In order, for example, not to sit in a puddle in front of the inhabitants of Omsk, we recommend that you look into such a dictionary before your trip.
One of the first such publications was "Dictionary of names of the inhabitants of the RSFSR" edited by A. M. Babkin. It was published in 1964 and included about six thousand names of residents of 2000 settlements of the Russian Federation. Each title is given with an accent, and some even with illustrations.
Such dictionaries are constantly reprinted, supplemented and updated. For example, one of the latest editions was published in 2003.
Clueless Dictionaries
To call it a dictionary, to be honest, the language does not turn. Rather, it is a collection of jokes and jokes. The authors of such publications call them stupid dictionaries. Now there are a lot of them both on the Internet and on the bookshelves. Their meaning lies in the funny decoding of familiar words. Both consonance of word forms and simple associations are used. So, for example, one of the electronic goofy dictionaries offers us the following meanings.
Dolphin - business Finn
Wiring - diluted vodka
Ban - go out with friends in the bath
Such dictionaries can be compiled by anyone, you just need to apply a little imagination and a sense of humor.
