Territory Nao. Roads - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The most sparsely populated region of the country, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, is located in the northwest of its Eastern European part. You can get an idea about the district, consider its borders, cities and other objects using a satellite map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The lands between the Pechora and the Ugra are mentioned in chronicles belonging to the 9th-10th centuries. The indigenous population (Nenets) moved here from the banks of the Ob, but after some time passed into the control of the Novgorod princes, who constantly collected tribute from the northern regions.

If you look at the map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with diagrams, it becomes clear that most of the land is located in the Arctic. The county shares borders with:

  • Arkhangelsk region;
  • Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
  • Republic of Komi.

The district owns several islands and peninsulas. The most northern territories of the Okrug are limited by the waters of the seas of the Arctic Ocean. All objects are displayed on the maps of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with regions. You can easily find cities, and by zooming in, you can view the streets in detail, the location of buildings, find train stations, shops, and administrative offices. The map is an indispensable assistant in travel, business trips, tourist trips. Download the map to your smartphone or tablet and view any object as magnified as possible.

Districts on the map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Everything on the territory of the district is unique - nature, culture of indigenous peoples and even territorial division. This is the only region in the country in which only 1 region is territorially allocated - Zapolyarny. There are 19 villages on its territory. All other villages of the region are not included in the district, but belong to the urban district. The detailed map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug shows even small settlements.

The following rivers flow in the area:

  • Longvozh;
  • Pechora;
  • Voyvozh;
  • Sher-Vozh.

The main administrative unit here is the village of Seekers. The village has television, radio broadcasting, partial coverage of cellular communications, and bus routes connecting the village with the city of Naryan-Mar. In the settlements that are displayed on the map of the region of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the number of residents is very small. A little more than 1,500 people inhabit only the village of Krasnoye, in other villages it is even smaller.

Transport links in the district are poorly developed. Only 28% of all roads are paved. Motor transport connection with other regions is interrupted by weather conditions, and sometimes it is absent for a long time. Look at the location of the main roads in detail on the map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and you will be convinced of the scarcity of transport links.

The main burden in the movement of residents and guests of the region falls on air transport. Some villages can be reached by helicopter, and from the airport you can fly by plane to cities such as:

  • Arkhangelsk;
  • St. Petersburg;
  • Pechora;
  • Moscow.

Along the rivers of the region, the settlements that are marked on the map with the villages of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug can also be reached by river transport, but navigation lasts for a very short period - from mid-June to October.

Map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with cities and villages

When you try to find the city on the map, you will be surprised. There is only one locality with this status. Naryan-Mar is the "heart" of the district in the literal sense. This is a trading port that provides life for the Polar region. As the map with cities and villages of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug shows, you can come here by car only along the Laya-Voyage road, which stretches from the east and is a “winter road”.

The city has its own, a few attractions:

  • administration and post office buildings;
  • monument to the sailors of the steamship "Komsomolets";
  • monument to reindeer herders;
  • house of culture.

The population of the city slightly exceeds 20 thousand people. The main nationalities are Nenets and Russians. Over the past 10 years, modern, comfortable houses have appeared in the city, which can be found on a map with the settlements of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Also, using the online service, you can find the main streets, access roads to the port and airport.

Economy and industry of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The region's economy is based on oil and gas production and traditional industries. The region has the largest oil and gas condensate fields:

  • Khasyrey;
  • Tedinskoye;
  • Toravey;
  • Kharyaginskoe.

In total, 96 fields are already being produced in the region and more than 20 are being developed.

On Yandex maps of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, you can see large, undeveloped territories that are occupied by pastures. More than 2,000 people are involved in reindeer herding, mostly representatives of the indigenous peoples of the region. There are also more than 10 fishing cooperatives with their own trawl fleet. There are several processing plants within Naryan-Mar.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug

This area of ​​European Russia is the northeastern end of the NWFD. NAO is a subject of this district, but is also part of. On the western border, it borders on the rest of it, on the south - with, on the east - with. In the north, the NAO is surrounded by islands, also belonging to the Arkhangelsk region.

This patch is called "the most sparsely populated place in Russia."

One of the northernmost corners of our Motherland began to be settled by people as early as the 8th millennium BC. An unknown people inhabited this territory until the 10th century BC. In the Iron Age, the first reindeer herders came here. Their ethnicity has also not been established. Only in the 5th century AD, the Sirtya people appeared on the scene. This was the name of the clans of the Nenets, who migrated here in the 8th century. The Russians called Sirtya the word "pechera" - in honor of the river of the same name.

Pechera in the 9th century already paid tribute to Russia. This was during the time of her cohabitation with the Nenets. About the mysterious disappeared nation, only what the Nenets themselves told us in their legends is known. It was as if the Sirts had dissolved in the Samoyed invaders, who densely populated the regions of polar Europe adjacent to Asia ... The Nenets themselves also came from Siberia - they are a kindred people for the same Samoyeds (they speak the same language with them, have a common folklore). The Nenets and Samoyeds occupy the largest (after the Finno-Ugric) territory in the world - from the Gulf of Ob (and north of it to the Yenisei) in the east to the Onega River in the west. In relation to the south-north, this language group occupies the zone of the subpolar taiga and the tundra located to the north of it.

The Nenets and Samoyeds entered Russian history under the name Samoyeds. The Nenets and Samoyeds themselves called themselves "neneynits" - "a real man." Therefore, already in Soviet times, the population of the present NAO was called "Nenets". It was only in the 13th-15th centuries that the Novgorod Republic succeeded in finally conquering the non-neinits. After Novgorod went to Moscow (in 1478), the Nenets became part of the Muscovite state.

At the very beginning of the 16th century, Prince Semyon Kurbsky (voivode, who began his service under Ivan III) organized a paramilitary expedition to Pechora and laid the administrative center here - Pustozersk (now it does not exist). After 200 years, Pomors appeared here (specifically, on the Kaninsky Peninsula) - the descendants of the "Arctic" colonists from the Novgorod Land. The further history of the region is a joint biography of these disappearing peoples.

Since the 19th century, their land has been part of the Mezen and Pechersk districts of the Arkhangelsk province. In Soviet times, permanent settlements appeared here. One of them is the former settlement of Beloshchelsky, the center of the Northern Shipping Company. Later it became the village of Telvisochny, and in 1932 it turned into the working settlement of Naryan-Mar. Here the heads of the so-called tundra councils gathered - electoral districts of the land that was not built up with villages, now called the Zapolyarny municipal district. On the contrary, Naryan-Mar developed as a city (now it is an urban district that has subjugated hundreds of kilometers of the south). Not a single war came here. In this city and its environs, wood has been sawn for more than a century - a sawmill at the mouth of the Pechora was built in 1892 (and the idea itself arose even after the Kruzenshtern expedition - in the 1860s).

Today, this part of European Russia is a land controlled by various bodies of the government of the Arkhangelsk region. It consists of the 1st urban district and the 1st municipal district.

Relief and climate Nenets Autonomous Okrug

This section of the Arkhangelsk region is its eastern half. It is located on the coast of the White Sea, occupying the territory from the Cheshskaya Bay to the Baydaratskaya Bay.

The relief and climate of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is typical for the entire polar north of our country. The weather here is subarctic, turning on the coast into temperate maritime. The relief is predominantly flat - only the Pai Khaoi Ridge and the Timan Ridge protrude. Bolshezemelskaya and Malozemelskaya tundra are swampy.

The relief and climate of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug explain the specifics of the local natural conditions. In January, the average temperature ranges from minus 3 degrees on the shores of the White Sea to minus 22 degrees in the southeast. The maximum temperature can be minus 31 degrees. In July, the normative indicator is 8 degrees of heat on the coast and 16 degrees in the southeast. Precipitation is only 350 mm. in year. For these places, polar day and night, as well as permafrost, are considered normal.

The special relief and climate of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug explain the birth of three vegetation zones. Only 8% of the southwest lies on the territory of continuous forest (taiga). 15.5% of this corner of Russia is forest-tundra (where rare pines and dwarf birches turn into shrubs in the north). 76.5% of the region is solid tundra (frozen soil where only grass, moss and lichen grow). In its southern subzone, one can still find dwarf birch, wild rosemary and northern juniper. But in the Malozemelskaya and Bolshezemelskaya parts, only grass grows. Only at the extremity of small (facing to the sea) mountains there are thickets of shrubs, and to the south - dwarf birch.

As a result, the urban district of Naryan-Mar, surrounded by taiga forest, is better populated.

Roads - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The region communicates with the Vaigach and Bolshaya Zemlya islands of the rest of the NWFD (by water).

The roads of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are two road directions. The first connects Ukhta and Usinsk (cities of the Komi Republic) with the Nenets river Kharayakha. The second highway is of local importance - from the center of Naryan-Mar it leads the traveler to the Shapkina River. It is called the Laya-Vozhskaya road and passes through all the settlements to the southeast of Naryan-Mar - from the Village of Seekers to the distant camp of geologists (near the Shapkin River).

The remaining roads of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are the so-called winter roads (strips of snow compacted and plundered by graders). They are preserved only at sub-zero temperatures.

Tundra Nenets (Khasova) are able to move along animal paths on reindeer teams (they breed huge herds of deer here).

The winter roads of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug connect all corners of the Okrug inhabited by the settled population with Naryan-Mar. They can also be used to get to the more southern lands - the regions of the Komi Republic. But Naryanmar residents fly to the tundra and to the east, for the most part, on small planes or helicopters.

Naryan-Mar is a river port. From here, along the Pechora River, you can go to the White Sea (only in rare navigable months). Frozen crossings serve as bridges across reservoirs for residents of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. These are artificially "poured" strips of additional ice.

The capital has an airport designed for small aircraft. From the Naryan-Mar terminal you can fly to Ukhta or Arkhangelsk (sometimes even to St. Petersburg, Murmansk and Moscow). And in good weather it is possible to get to any place in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug by local planes and helicopters.

Leisure - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The spheres of tourism inherent in this region are extreme and local history. On the territory of the district, a person learns his countless abilities related to survival in the conditions of the Far North, and also gets acquainted with the culture of the original local population.

Rest in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is, first of all, a dynamically developing extreme direction called Arctic tourism. Its development is the merit of recognized Russian schools of survival. Snowmobile and dog sled tours are just one of the offerings.

Local history recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is organized by a certain number of tour operators that directly cooperate with local governments. The direction is associated with a visit to 10 protected protected areas, where the ancient economic structure of the Nenets has been preserved, as well as the cultural institutions of Naryan-Mar. This list includes 16 museums (2 state ones), as well as dozens of traveling exhibitions that immerse guests of the Russian north into the world of Nenets crafts. Among the listed establishments, three are the most popular with group tourists - the district museum of local lore, the Ethnocultural Center of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and an exposition dedicated to the life of the Pomeranian population.

It remains to be added that recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is also summer rafting on numerous rivers (16 port points on various reservoirs of the Okrug are at the service of watermen), fishing for a variety of local fish, as well as hunting for northern animals that have long disappeared in more southern regions of our country.

In the future, the Committee for Tourism of the Arkhangelsk Region is to continue organizing seasonal car races "Naryan-Mar - Ukhta" on difficult winter roads.

Outdoor recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Leisure in various recreations of this administrative unit, located more than 1500 km. from Moscow, can be anyone. Outdoor recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is associated with organized tours to reindeer herders' nomad camps (an expensive pleasure regarding helicopter travel), and even independent trips to the reserves of a distant Russian province.

4 specially protected natural zones (Vaigach Island, Nizhne-Pechorsky, Shoinsky and Pustozersky reserves) can only be accessed with the help of special vehicles. The reserves "More Yu", "Canyon Big Gate", "Stone City", "Pym-Va-Shor" work by prior arrangement with guides who gather groups.

As mentioned, outdoor recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug can be arranged on your own. The Nenets National Park is the most accessible for the ordinary tourist. In fact, the conversation is about 2 autonomous protected areas - natural and zoological reserves. This is a characteristic section of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, located in the middle reaches of the river with the mysterious name More-Yu. The "business card" of the location is a relic spruce woodland and rare inhabitants of the northern tundra. In the height of summer, you can camp here with tents - it is quite picturesque on the Seashore. Do not just forget about the terrible insects and the peculiarities of temperature fluctuations.

Thinking about outdoor recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, you should know that in summer it is more convenient to travel here by small water transport (rivers and bays are freed from ice), and in winter - by car with winter tires (driving on winter roads). The Ministry of Emergency Situations does not recommend citizens to go along the winter road in conditions of poor visibility - it is quite easy to lose its edge and drive into the wilds.

Tourism - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

As you know, tourism in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is primarily organized tours of water ("summer") and winter ("Arctic") extreme sports.

Rafting expeditions begin at the end of June, when the water on the rivers has already warmed up enough to not catch a cold if you fall into it. Kayakers use such water "highways" as the Pechora, its 3 channels, Kuya and Gorodetskaya (the latter is convenient because it crosses the urban district itself). After all, they all pass near Naryan-Mar and the local "road of life" - the Naryan-Mar highway - the Shapkina River. The Shapkina River itself is navigable for boats and rafts, but to swim far along it means dangerously alienating yourself from civilization and risking being in the middle of unexplored swamps.

"Arctic" tourism in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is attractive for fans of snowmobiles, as well as dog and reindeer teams. As for the last two types of transport, tour operators, together with the local population, make traveling on them a completely affordable tourist product. On different segments of the mini-winter roads, participants in the races (sometimes they have the form of competitions) are waiting for wintering huts. However, between these travelers, the Arctic wanderer can only rely on himself. In his backpack, he should have only the most necessary - that which can save his life in an emergency.

Tourism in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug can be limited for cautious people to a trip only around the urban district of Naryan-Mar. However, here you can find interesting places for yourself - see ancient architecture, climb caves, take a walk for mushrooms between the swampy lakes Solovyovskoe, Bezymyannoye and Molodezhnoye. In bad weather, a traveler can always hide here in the southern outlying villages.

Hunting and fishing - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Fishing in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Good fishing in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is possible everywhere. The most attractive for anglers are the wide mouths of large rivers and their large tributaries - Pechora (lower reaches 220 kilometers long, has several channels), Vizhas, Oma, Sheaf, Pesha, Volonga, Indiga, Chernaya and More-Yu. Reservoirs passing through the ridges are sometimes rapids. The duration of freeze-up is from 7 to 8 months. The ice has the greatest thickness of 1.2 meters. In these rivers, fans of northern travels can catch grayling, salmon, and whitefish. It will not do, of course, without pike and perch.

Fishing in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is associated with numerous lakes, always connected by deep eriks. The most significant of these reservoirs are Golodnaya Guba, Gorodetskoye, Varsh and Nes. Some lakes are systems. These include Vashutkinskoye, Urdyugskoye, Indigskoye and many others. Here the fishermen go to hunt for omul and nelma.

It should be borne in mind that fishing in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is also an exit to the mouth of the Pechora - to the nearest bay of the White Sea. And here you can already catch simply giant representatives of the ichthyofauna - whitefish, navaga, huge cod. There are also herring, salmon and catfish.

It makes no sense to limit fishing activities here - there are almost no people in the area. Tourists are also rare guests. In general, nature still dominates in this patch of the East European Plain. Only a small part of it is protected from a person. However, several fish are still listed in the local Red Book. This list includes nelma, river eel, whitefish, common sculpin, as well as all types of whales and minke whales.

Hunting in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Hunting in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is an exciting activity that can be done all year round (it is worth remembering who and when you can hunt, as well as studying local rules).

Commercial hunting in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is limited to 7 hunting bases. As for hunting farms, there are also less than 10 of them in the district.

In the east of the Nenets Okrug there is a place called by scientists "an earthly paradise for birds." Birds come here every spring from all nearby regions. All flying wanderers are drawn to the river Yabtoyakha, familiar from adolescence (in Nenets, this expression means “goose river”). Everyone who came here is still shocked by the quantity and variety of waterfowl on its hospitable shores. The “king” of local birds is the wild goose, which is respected by hunters. The nearby village - Karatayka - can shelter hunters for several days.

Hunting in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug prohibits the hunting of several species of land mammals and birds listed in the local Red Book. These are brown ear bat, Brandt's night bat, flying squirrel and polar bear, as well as large bittern, white gull, all representatives of hawks and ducks, gray shrike, peregrine falcon, falcon, hobby falcon, gyrfalcon and all breeds of owls and hoards. Of the loons, only the white-billed loon is a rare animal.

Wild reindeer is allowed to be shot only from October 1 to the end of February. Other ungulates can be hunted from 20 August to the end of January. They go out to bear only after receiving a huntsman's briefing - from mid-August to the end of February. Various furs are available here from July to February (hare - from September 25 to the end of February). Production is strictly limited. Forest game is a rarity, and tundra - swamp-meadow - can be shot from August to November.

Theatrical marathon "Cultural Environment" started in the region today. All day long, premiere screenings of performances, master classes in acting skills and exhibitions of theatrical paraphernalia will be organized for residents of the district at various venues.

In Naryan-Mar, the theater marathon will open with a musical performance "Aunt Charley" from the People's Theater "Smile". Spectators can watch it at 13.00 in the assembly hall of the Nenets Agrarian and Economic College.

In the House of Culture "Arktika" from 15.00 for residents and guests of the city an exhibition will be organized - the sale of theatrical costumes, face painting, performances by the theaters "Harlequin", "Reflection", the Tvoretsky Theater, a photo zone. At 18.00 on the small theater stage of the "Arktika" the premiere of the play "Behind the Blue Stone" based on the story of the same name by A. Pichkov staged by the Nenets theater "Ilebts" will take place, and at 19.00 in the concert hall of the Palace of Culture the audience will see the premiere of the play for adults and children "Fairy Tale about Tsar Ivanovich, Kapitonko and male friendship" based on the works of Boris Shergin from the theater-studio "Ostrov".

In the village of Seekers at 18.30, the premiere of the theatrical performance "Vovka in the Far Far Away Kingdom" of the theater group "Image" of the club "Constellation" will take place. For residents of rural settlements, the organizers of the theater marathon prepared four performances for the show - "The Mad Family" based on the comic opera by I. Krylov (the Prompter Theater, the Great Temple Central House of Culture), the play-tale "Havrosha" (the youth theater group "Pokazuha" , Nessky House of Folk Art), “Visiting Melpomene” (theatrical group “Inspiration”, a branch of the Pustozersky Central House of Culture in the village of Khongurei) and the play-tale “You” nadya “(” Berries of the Tundra”) based on the fairy tale of the same name by M. Taleeva (Theatrical circle "Vadakomya", branch of the ECC NAO in the village of Nelmin-Nos). In the House of Culture of the village of Krasnoye, the director of the BroVisimo theater group will hold a master class in acting for beginners.

The organizer of events dedicated to the International Theater Day and dedicated to the Year of Theater in Russia is the Ethnocultural Center NAO. In total, according to the institution, about 30 amateur theaters are engaged in creative activities in the region, 11 of them in different settlements participate in the “Cultural Environment” marathon.

© Department of Education, Culture and Sports of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

26.03.2019 12:08

These data were announced at a meeting of the governor NAO Alexander Tsybulsky with the head of the Arkhangelsk branch of Sberbank of Russia Igor Zalukaev.

According to Igor Zalukaev, the achievement of a leadership position in this area became possible due to the implementation in the Nenets Okrug, together with PJSC Sberbank, since 2015 of the Cashless Okrug project, the purpose of which is to provide residents of rural settlements with the opportunity to pay for various services remotely. Over the two years of the project implementation, the number of installed terminals in NAO increased by 2.3 times - from 348 in 2015 to 817 as of the 1st quarter of 2018.

- Sberbank is our reliable partner in many projects, - said the head of the region. – And we plan to expand their capabilities. There is an idea to link to the project as many non-cash transactions as possible. We do this in the light of the priorities outlined by the President of Russia in Decree 204 and taking into account the implementation of the main directions of the Digital Economy national program.

Today, within the framework of the Cashless District, residents of the region can pay for public transport using bank cards and pay state duties for the provision of state and municipal services at the offices of the MFC. In total, 31 terminals have been installed in the MFC branches throughout the district, 22 of them are located in remote settlements.

In addition, within the framework of cooperation between the Administration NAO As of today, all district budgetary institutions have switched from Sberbank PJSC to MIR cards. As the head of the region noted, the transition process was quite painless for all employees of the institutions.

Following the meeting, Alexander Tsybulsky also proposed to intensify work regarding the interaction of the Entrepreneurship Support Fund in NAO and PJSC Sberbank for the provision of guarantees and guarantees for obtaining loans by small and medium-sized businesses. In 2019, the Fund needs to provide guarantees for loans attracted by entrepreneurs in the total amount of at least 22.7 million rubles. In this regard, it is necessary to strengthen work with potential borrowers in the direction of providing guarantees and sureties of the Fund.

24.03.2019 12:16

On Friday, the acting Governor of St. Petersburg Alexander Beglov met with the Governor of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug Alexander Tsybulsky, the Smolny press service reports. The regions signed an agreement on trade, economic, scientific, technical and cultural cooperation as early as the framework of SPIEF-2018.

21.03.2019 10:11

In the near future, PJSC Rostelecom will conduct a procurement procedure for the construction of communication lines for the implementation of the federal project "Information Infrastructure" of the national program "Digital Economy" of the Russian Federation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

20.03.2019 11:35

20.03.2019 11:20

19.03.2019 15:56

18.03.2019 17:54

Recall, Business Development Center NAO concluded an agreement with regional leasing companies of the Republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan. The purpose of the agreements is to expand entrepreneurs' access to preferential leasing programs provided by regional leasing companies.

In addition, the Business Development Center NAO still offers two of its own lines of leasing products - "Standard" and "Special". Support applies to any type of equipment and automotive special equipment for doing business. The "Standard" program applies to all small and medium-sized businesses and offers the products "Start", "Development" and "Trust".

The expanded line is designed for agricultural producers, rural entrepreneurs, organizations with a district share of ownership and other categories. You can get acquainted with all types and conditions of leasing on the official website of the Business Development Center NAO.

© 2019 Administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

18.03.2019 14:48

The administration of the Pskov region expects to expand the network of interregional flights of the Pskovaiva company through cooperation with the authorities of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug ( NAO). This will allow the authorities of the two regions to combine the efforts of the authorities of the two regions to develop aviation, Governor of the Pskov Region Mikhail Vedernikov said in an interview with TASS at the Russian Economic Forum in Sochi.

15.03.2019 12:09

14.03.2019 12:25

13.03.2019 11:02

13.03.2019 10:52

11.03.2019 17:26

State Inspectorate for Construction and Housing Supervision NAO was forced to intervene and recalculate all kinds of overpayments.

Gosstroyzhilnadzor NAO discovered that in the period from January to February 2019, resource-supplying organizations and managers of the region overcharged residents of apartment buildings with more than 150,000 rubles of utility bills.

After numerous complaints from Mr. the inspector was forced to check. As a result, 153,000 rubles were returned to residents in the form of recalculations of fees for housing and communal services.

139,000 rubles were returned to organizations on a voluntary basis.
14,000 rubles - on the basis of prescriptions.

It was also noted that every second appeal to Gosstroyzhilnadzor NAO associated with incorrect charges for housing and communal services.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug- a subject of the Federation in the north-east of the European part of Russia. The district is located on the northeastern outskirts of the East European Plain. The relief of the territory is mostly flat; the Timan Ridge and the Pai-Khoi Ridge stand out, between which the swampy Bolshezemelskaya and Malozemelskaya tundras are located.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug, being an independent subject of the federation within the Northwestern Federal District, is part of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Naryan-Mar.

The territory of the region is 176,810 km2, the population (as of January 1, 2017) is 43,937 people.

Surface water resources

The territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug belongs to the basin of the Arctic Ocean, most of it belongs to the basin of the Barents and Pechora Seas, the extreme western part - to the basin of the White Sea, the extreme east - to the basin of the Kara Sea.

The river network of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is represented by 1854 rivers with a total length of 47,144 km (the density of the river network is 0.27 km / km 2), most of which belong to small rivers and streams. The rivers of the Autonomous Okrug are predominantly of ranvin character. They are characterized by a mixed diet with a predominance of snow (up to 75%). The rivers of the region belong to the Eastern European type of water regime, they are characterized by spring floods with a sharp rise in water level, summer-autumn low water, occasionally interrupted by rain floods, and low winter low water. The duration of freeze-up on the rivers of the Autonomous Okrug is 7-8 months, many rivers freeze in winter. The lower parts of the Pechora, Kara and Korotaikha basins, as well as a number of medium and small rivers flowing into the Barents and Kara Seas, are located on the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Also, the largest rivers, partially or completely flowing through the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, are the tributaries of the Pechora of the first and second order - Sula, as well as Adzva and Kolva (tributaries of the river Usa). Among the regions of the federal district, the Nenets Autonomous District occupies the last place in terms of the density of the river network.

The area and number of lakes and artificial reservoirs, swamps and wetlands are not constant, they depend on natural (water regime, climatic phenomena, swamping, etc.) and anthropogenic (drainage of territories, etc.) factors.

Groundwater resources

Functions for the provision of public services and the management of federal property in the field of water resources in the region are carried out by the Department of Water Resources of the Dvinsko-Pechora BVU for the Arkhangelsk Region and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Powers in the field of water relations transferred to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, functions for the provision of public services and the management of regional property in the field of water resources in the region are carried out by the Department of Natural Resources, Ecology and Agro-Industrial Complex of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

On the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, the State Program "Environmental Protection, Reproduction and Use of Natural Resources" is being implemented, aimed at the protection and rational use of water bodies, ensuring the protection of the population and economic facilities from the negative impact of water and solving other problems.

In preparing the material, the data of the State reports "On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation in 2015", "On the state and use of water resources of the Russian Federation in 2015", "On the state and use of land in the Russian Federation in 2015", “On the state of the environment in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in 2015”, collection “Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2016". The ratings of regions in terms of surface and underground water resources do not take into account the indicators of cities of federal significance -

  42 437 ()

0.24 people/km²

Total, at current prices
- Per capita

145.8 billion rubles ()

RUB 3,419 thousand

Northwestern Northern Russian, Nenets Fedorov, Igor Gennadievich 83 RU-NEN MSK (UTC+4)

Nenets Autonomous Okrug(Nen. Nenecie Autonomous Okrug) - a subject of the Russian Federation (as part of the Arkhangelsk region), is part of the North-Western Federal District.

The administrative center of the district is the city of Naryan-Mar (22,375 people). The district was formed on July 15, 1929. It borders Arkhangelsk Oblast to the west, Komi to the south, and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the east.

Geographical position

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located in the north of the East European Plain, most of it is located above the Arctic Circle. Includes Kolguev and Vaygach islands, Kanin and Yugorsky peninsulas. It is washed by the White, Barents, Pechora and Kara Seas of the Arctic Ocean.

natural conditions

Hydrography

The territory of the district is washed in the west by the waters of the White, in the north of the Barents and Pechora, in the north-east of the Kara Sea, forming numerous bays - bays: Mezenskaya, Cheshskaya, Kolokolkovskaya, Pechora, Khaipudyrskaya and others.

Characterized by a dense river network (an average of 0.53 km per 1 km² of area), an abundance of lakes. The rivers belong to the basins of the seas of the Arctic Ocean, they are mostly flat in nature, and on the ridges they are rapids. It is fed mainly by melted snow waters (up to 75% of runoff). Rain waters are of subordinate importance (15-20% of the runoff), the share of groundwater is 5-10% or practically absent. The distribution of runoff has a pronounced seasonality with summer and winter low water, large spring and insignificant autumn floods. The duration of freeze-up is 7-8 months. The ice thickness reaches 0.7-1.2 m by the end of winter, and small tundra rivers freeze to the bottom.

Among the lakes stand out Golodnaya Guba (186 km²), lake systems: Vashutkinsky, Urdyugsky, Indigsky, etc. Most of the lakes are small with a water surface area of ​​​​up to 3 km² and average depths of 0.5-3 m, less often 4-5 m. The basins of the lakes are mainly of residual glacial and thermokarst origin, in the river valleys there are relict oxbow lakes. Marshes occupy 5-6%, on the coast up to 10-20% of the territory. Their depth is from 0.5 to 2 m. The main types of bogs are: hilly (flat and large-hilly) and upland sphagnum ridge-hollow atmospheric feeding, floodplain lowland ground feeding and transitional sphagnum. The thickness of peat deposits of hilly bogs reaches 3-5 m. Groundwater, with the exception of the area of ​​​​the city of Naryan-Mar, has not been studied enough.

Land resources

As of January 1, the land fund of the district amounted to 17,681,048 hectares. It is divided into the following categories: agricultural land - 16,799.3 thousand hectares (95.01%); lands of settlements - 12.4 thousand hectares (0.07%); lands of enterprises of industry, transport and other non-agricultural purposes - 39.8 thousand hectares (0.23%); land for nature protection - 2.0 thousand hectares (0.01%); reserve land - 827.5 thousand hectares (4.68%). The area of ​​agricultural land (hayfields, pastures, arable land) is 25.9 thousand hectares, or less than 0.15% in the structure of the district's land fund. 847.8 thousand hectares (4.8%) are occupied by forests, 1089.3 thousand hectares (6.2%) are occupied by swamps, 1000.4 thousand hectares (5.66%) are under water. Reindeer pastures account for 13,202.2 thousand hectares (74.67%).

Soils

Depending on the bioclimatic conditions, relief, the nature of the parent rocks, the depth of surface waters, the following main types of tundra soils are distinguished: arctic-tundra gleyic, tundra primitive, tundra surface-gley, peat-bog, sod. Tundra podzolized illuvial-humus soils are formed on sandy and sandy soil-forming rocks under conditions of good drainage. Arcto-tundra gleys are found on the island of Vaigach and the coast of the Kara Sea, primitive tundras are found in the upper part of the slopes of Pai-Khoi, tundra surface-gleys, as well as peat-bogs, are widespread throughout the entire district. In the south-west of the district, in the northern taiga subzone, gley-podzolic soils and illuvial-ferruginous-humus podzols are formed.

The soil-forming process is due to low temperatures, short summers, widespread permafrost, waterlogging and develops according to the gley-bog type. Chemical weathering proceeds poorly, while the released bases are washed out of the soil, and it is depleted in calcium, sodium, potassium, but enriched in iron and aluminum. Lack of oxygen and excess moisture make it difficult for plant residues to decompose, which slowly accumulate as peat.

Vegetation

The territory is located in the zones of tundra (76.6%), forest-tundra (15.4%), the southwestern part - in the northern taiga subzone (8%). In the tundra zone, subzones of arctic (4.9%), mountain (3.5%), northern (10.3%), southern (57.9%) tundras are distinguished.

In the Arctic tundra subzone (the coast of the Kara Sea and Vaigach Island), vegetation does not form a continuous cover. Frozen soil, exposed on dry soils from snow by strong winds, cracks, and the surface of the tundra is divided into separate polygons (polygons). The vegetation consists largely of mosses and lichens, herbs: small sedges, grasses, cotton grass, as well as slaty forms of shrubs.

In the subzone of mountain tundra, the main background is created by sedge-lichen associations and creeping shrubs of willow and dwarf birch.

The northern tundra covers the north of the Malozemelskaya tundra, in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra they are confined to large uplands, the southern slopes of the Pai-Khoi ridge. Here, the moss and lichen cover are closed, thickets of dwarf birches and low-growing willows appear. Significant areas are occupied by grass-sedge swamps, in the valleys of rivers and streams there are willows and tundra meadows with abundant multi-species forbs and cereals.

In the subzone of the southern tundra, large areas are covered with thickets of dwarf birch (dwarf birch), as well as various types of willows, wild rosemary, and juniper. Moss and lichen cover is developed, shrubs, forbs, marsh plant complexes are widely represented. In the forest-tundra zone, sparse forest vegetation appears on the watersheds, and in the river valleys and on the southern slopes of the hills, woody vegetation appears in islands: undersized spruce and birch, less often larch, alternating with areas of tundra and swamps.

The northern taiga subzone is characterized by the presence of significant tracts of dense woody vegetation with a predominance of spruce and spruce-birch forests; pine grows along the sandy terraces of rivers and swamps. In the floodplains, areas with impenetrable thickets of various species of willow and alder alternate with sedge bogs and meadows. On tundra meadows and lays, cereals (reed grass, bluegrass, foxtail, red fescue) grow with an admixture of forbs.

More than 600 species of flowering plants, several hundred species of mosses and lichens are found on the territory of the district. In coastal sea waters, macrophytes, which are represented here by algae (about 80 species), are dominated by brown algae, in rivers and flowing lakes - sedge, horsetail and arctophila. Diatoms and blue-green algae dominate in river phytoplankton, while green and diatom algae dominate in lakes.

In the flora, species of the northern groups are widespread, taiga (boreal) species are quite widespread. Among the flowering plants, cereals, cruciferous, sedge, and willows predominate. Under anthropogenic impacts on the vegetation cover of the tundra, shrubs, mosses, and lichens are replaced by grasses that form the secondary vegetation cover. The largest areas with secondary vegetation are found in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, in the areas of geological exploration and oil and gas production.

There are more than 100 species of cap mushrooms in the district. Their species composition increases in the direction from north to south. In the northern tundra, russula, mossiness mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, dry mushrooms grow from edible ones, aspen mushrooms appear to the south, in the forest tundra and taiga - milk mushrooms, mushrooms, volnushki, white and others.

Animal world

Represented by the inhabitants of the tundra, taiga, arctic deserts. Aquatic invertebrates are numerous: ciliates, phytomonads, oligochaetes, nematodes, rotifers, lower crustaceans, molluscs, etc. The species composition of insects is diverse, a huge number of blood-sucking ones: mosquitoes, midges, gadflies. Of the cyclostomes, lamprey is found. More than 30 species of fish are found in rivers and lakes. From the passage - salmon, omul and others; from semi-anadromous - nelma, whitefish, vendace; from non-water (local) - pike, ide, roach, perch, burbot, peled, grayling and others. In the coastal seas - herring, saffron cod, flounder, polar cod, smelt and others (about 50 species of marine fish).

From amphibians there are grass frog, Siberian salamander, common toad, from reptiles - viviparous lizard. The species composition of birds is diverse - about 160 species, including 110 species of birds nesting in the area. Winters about 20 species. In terms of species richness and abundance, passerines and shorebirds (waders) are most represented - more than 40 species each, and waterfowl - about 30 species. Geese, ducks, as well as ptarmigan, one of the background species of the tundra and forest tundra, are of commercial importance.

There are 31 species of land mammals. The most numerous rodents are lemmings (Siberian and ungulates) and voles (water, housekeeper, Middendorff, narrow-skulled), squirrel is found in the taiga. Of the other groups of mammals, the arctic shrew and mountain hare are common; predators include arctic fox, wolf, fox, wolverine, brown and polar bear, marten, otter, ermine, weasel; of artiodactyls - wild reindeer and elk.

In the coastal seas, marine mammals are found: white whale, North Atlantic porpoise, narwhal, ringed seal, sea hare, gray seal, Atlantic walrus. Among terrestrial mammals, the main fish species are arctic fox, fox, brown bear, marten, otter and elk. Of the marine mammals, only ringed seals and bearded seals continue to be hunted. A number of species are acclimatized in the region. Of the rodents, this is the muskrat, which has spread widely throughout the territory and has been an object of fishing; from fish - sterlet, but its population remained very small. Single specimens of pink salmon acclimatized in the Barents Sea basin come to spawn.

Minerals

The Okrug has large oil and gas reserves, as it is located in the northern part of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province, which ranks 4th in Russia in terms of oil reserves. 83 hydrocarbon deposits were discovered: 71 oil, 6 oil and gas condensate, 1 gas and oil, 4 gas condensate and 1 gas. Moreover, the depth of hydrocarbons is relatively small, and the physico-chemical properties are high, as a result, the high profitability of most deposits.

There are also deposits of coal, manganese, nickel, copper, molybdenum, gold, diamonds, however, most of the deposits have not been fully explored. Lead-zinc and copper ores have been found on Vaygach Island.

Story

The first human settlements on the territory of the district date back to the 8th millennium BC. e. (paleolithic). There are numerous sites of the Bronze Age (- millennium BC). In the 13th century A.D. e. tribes of unidentified ethnicity lived here, which the Russians knew under the name "Pechera", and the Nenets called "sirtya". This culture includes the Orta settlement, the sanctuaries on the Gnilka River and on the island of Vaygach.

The Lower Pechora and the coast of the Barents Sea were mastered, in addition to Russians (Pomors) and Nenets, also Komi-Zyryans, Komi-Permyaks and Komi-Izhma. In the 18th century, Pomors began to settle on the Kaninsky Peninsula.

By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of March 2, 1932, the administrative center Nenets National District, Northern Territory, was transferred from the village of Telvisochnoye to the working settlement of Naryan-Mar.

Attractions

  • Administration building of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in Naryan-Mar.

Protected areas

Settlements

Main article: Settlements of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, there is 1 city (Naryan-Mar), 1 urban-type settlement (Iskateley), 42 rural settlements.

Power

Governors and heads of administration

  • Fedorov, Igor Gennadievich since February 24, 2009 .
  • Potapenko, Valery Nikolaevich from June 2, 2008 to February 16, 2009.
  • Barinov, Alexey Viktorovich from February 6, 2005 to July 21, 2006.
  • Butov, Vladimir Yakovlevich from December 13, 1996 to February 17, 2005.
  • Khabarov, Vladimir Viktorovich from March 21, 1996 to December 25, 1996.
  • Komarovsky, Yuri Vladimirovich from November 30, 1991 to February 1996.

Representatives in the State Duma

  • Koshin Igor Viktorovich - powers recognized on February 9, 2012, expire in March 2014
  • Panteleev Alexey Borisovich - powers recognized on July 18, 2009, terminated ahead of schedule from February 9, 2012
  • Akhmedov Farhad Teymurovich - powers recognized on June 6, 2007, terminated on July 18, 2009
  • Konovalova Tatyana Ivanovna - powers were recognized on May 23, 2001, terminated ahead of schedule on July 12, 2005 due to a sudden death.
  • Vyacheslav Alekseevich Vyucheisky, Chairman of the Assembly of Deputies of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - powers recognized on January 23, 1996, confirmed on December 25, 1996, terminated on May 23, 2001

From the administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - the executive body of state power:

  • Biryukov Yury Stanislavovich - powers recognized on December 22, 2006, confirmed on April 22, 2009, expire in February 2014.
  • Sabadash Alexander Vitalievich - authorities were recognized on June 25, 2003, terminated ahead of schedule on May 26, 2006, remained in office until June 27, 2006.
  • Volkov Yury Nikolaevich - authorities were recognized on January 31, 2002, terminated ahead of schedule from September 26, 2002
  • Butov Vladimir Yakovlevich, head of administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - powers recognized on December 25, 1996, terminated on January 1, 2002
  • Khabarov Vladimir Viktorovich, head of administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - powers recognized on April 10, 1996, terminated on December 25, 1996
  • Komarovsky Yury Vladimirovich, head of administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - powers recognized on January 23, 1996, terminated on March 19, 1996

Mass media

Newspapers

  • Choice of NAO

Television and radio broadcasting

  • GTRK Zapolyarye
  • TV channel Sever

Broadcasting

  • GTRK Zapolyarye
  • Naryan-Mar FM

News agencies

Notes

Links

  • Official website of the administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug
  • Nenets National Okrug - Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  • "Law of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug "On the Status, Administrative Centers and Borders of Municipalities of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug""
  • Administrative-territorial division of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug
  • Coats of arms of settlements in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

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