According to modern concepts, it was formed about 4.5 billion years ago, and from that moment our planet is surrounded by a magnetic field. Everything on Earth, including people, animals and plants, is affected by it.

The magnetic field extends up to a height of about 100,000 km (Fig. 1). It deflects or captures solar wind particles that are harmful to all living organisms. These charged particles form the Earth's radiation belt, and the entire region of near-Earth space in which they are located is called magnetosphere(Fig. 2). On the side of the Earth illuminated by the Sun, the magnetosphere is bounded by a spherical surface with a radius of approximately 10-15 Earth radii, and on the opposite side it is elongated like a cometary tail over a distance of up to several thousand Earth radii, forming a geomagnetic tail. The magnetosphere is separated from the interplanetary field by a transition region.

Earth's magnetic poles

The axis of the earth's magnet is inclined with respect to the axis of rotation of the earth by 12°. It is located about 400 km away from the center of the Earth. The points at which this axis intersects the surface of the planet are magnetic poles. The magnetic poles of the Earth do not coincide with the true geographic poles. At present, the coordinates of the magnetic poles are as follows: north - 77 ° N.L. and 102° W; southern - (65 ° S and 139 ° E).

Rice. 1. The structure of the Earth's magnetic field

Rice. 2. Structure of the magnetosphere

The lines of force that run from one magnetic pole to the other are called magnetic meridians. An angle is formed between the magnetic and geographic meridians, called magnetic declination. Every place on Earth has its own angle of declination. In the Moscow region, the declination angle is 7° to the east, and in Yakutsk, about 17° to the west. This means that the northern end of the compass needle in Moscow deviates by T to the right of the geographic meridian passing through Moscow, and in Yakutsk - by 17 ° to the left of the corresponding meridian.

A freely suspended magnetic needle is located horizontally only on the line of the magnetic equator, which does not coincide with the geographic one. If you move north of the magnetic equator, then the northern end of the arrow will gradually drop. The angle formed by a magnetic needle and a horizontal plane is called magnetic inclination. At the North and South magnetic poles, the magnetic inclination is greatest. It is equal to 90°. At the North Magnetic Pole, a freely suspended magnetic needle will be installed vertically with the north end down, and at the South Magnetic Pole, its south end will go down. Thus, the magnetic needle shows the direction of the magnetic field lines above the earth's surface.

Over time, the position of the magnetic poles relative to the earth's surface changes.

The magnetic pole was discovered by explorer James C. Ross in 1831, hundreds of kilometers from its current location. On average, he moves 15 km per year. In recent years, the speed of movement of the magnetic poles has increased dramatically. For example, the North Magnetic Pole is currently moving at a speed of about 40 km per year.

The reversal of the Earth's magnetic poles is called magnetic field inversion.

Throughout the geological history of our planet, the earth's magnetic field has changed its polarity more than 100 times.

The magnetic field is characterized by intensity. In some places on the Earth, magnetic field lines deviate from the normal field, forming anomalies. For example, in the region of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA), the field strength is four times higher than normal.

There are diurnal changes in the Earth's magnetic field. The reason for these changes in the Earth's magnetic field is electric currents flowing in the atmosphere at high altitude. They are caused by solar radiation. Under the action of the solar wind, the Earth's magnetic field is distorted and acquires a "tail" in the direction from the Sun, which extends for hundreds of thousands of kilometers. The main reason for the emergence of the solar wind, as we already know, is the grandiose ejections of matter from the corona of the Sun. When moving towards the Earth, they turn into magnetic clouds and lead to strong, sometimes extreme disturbances on the Earth. Especially strong perturbations of the Earth's magnetic field - magnetic storms. Some magnetic storms begin unexpectedly and almost simultaneously throughout the Earth, while others develop gradually. They can last for hours or even days. Often, magnetic storms occur 1-2 days after a solar flare due to the passage of the Earth through a stream of particles ejected by the Sun. Based on the delay time, the speed of such a corpuscular flow is estimated at several million km/h.

During strong magnetic storms, the normal operation of the telegraph, telephone and radio is disrupted.

Magnetic storms are often observed at a latitude of 66-67° (in the aurora zone) and occur simultaneously with the auroras.

The structure of the Earth's magnetic field varies depending on the latitude of the area. The permeability of the magnetic field increases towards the poles. Above the polar regions, the magnetic field lines are more or less perpendicular to the earth's surface and have a funnel-shaped configuration. Through them, part of the solar wind from the day side penetrates into the magnetosphere, and then into the upper atmosphere. Particles from the tail of the magnetosphere also rush here during magnetic storms, reaching the boundaries of the upper atmosphere at high latitudes of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is these charged particles that cause the auroras here.

So, magnetic storms and daily changes in the magnetic field are explained, as we have already found out, by solar radiation. But what is the main reason that creates the permanent magnetism of the Earth? Theoretically, it was possible to prove that 99% of the Earth's magnetic field is caused by sources hidden inside the planet. The main magnetic field is due to sources located in the depths of the Earth. They can be roughly divided into two groups. Most of them are associated with processes in the earth's core, where, as a result of continuous and regular movements of the electrically conductive substance, a system of electric currents is created. The other is connected with the fact that the rocks of the earth's crust, being magnetized by the main electric field (field of the core), create their own magnetic field, which is added to the magnetic field of the core.

In addition to the magnetic field around the Earth, there are other fields: a) gravitational; b) electrical; c) thermal.

Gravity field The earth is called the gravity field. It is directed along a plumb line perpendicular to the surface of the geoid. If the Earth had an ellipsoid of revolution and the masses were evenly distributed in it, then it would have a normal gravitational field. The difference between the intensity of the real gravitational field and the theoretical one is the anomaly of gravity. Different material composition, density of rocks cause these anomalies. But other reasons are also possible. They can be explained by the following process - the balance of the solid and relatively light earth's crust on the heavier upper mantle, where the pressure of the overlying layers is equalized. These currents cause tectonic deformations, the movement of lithospheric plates and thereby create the Earth's macrorelief. Gravity keeps the atmosphere, hydrosphere, people, animals on Earth. The force of gravity must be taken into account when studying processes in a geographic envelope. The term " geotropism” called the growth movements of plant organs, which, under the influence of the force of gravity, always provide a vertical direction of growth of the primary root perpendicular to the surface of the Earth. Gravitational biology uses plants as experimental objects.

If gravity is not taken into account, it is impossible to calculate the initial data for launching rockets and spacecraft, to make a gravimetric exploration of ore minerals, and, finally, the further development of astronomy, physics and other sciences is impossible.

Polar riddles

“Less than a century ago, the South Pole of the Earth was a mysterious and inaccessible land. Superhuman efforts were required to get there, overcoming scurvy and wind, loss of orientation and fantastic cold. It remained intact and mysterious until Roald Amundsen and Robert Scott reached it in 1911 and 1912. About a hundred years later, the same thing happens on the Sun.

The Sun's south pole remains Terra Incognita - barely visible from Earth, and most research ships are located in regions close to the star's equator. It was only recently that the joint European-American probe Ulysses flew around the Pole for the first time. It reached its maximum heliographic latitude - 80° - about a month ago.

Previously, "Ulysses" twice appeared above the solar poles - in 1994-1995 and 2000-2001. Even these brief flybys have shown that the poles of the Sun are very interesting and unusual regions. Let's list some "oddities".

The south pole of the sun is the magnetic north pole - from the point of view of the magnetic field, the star is standing on its head. By the way, the same non-standard situation exists on Earth: the north magnetic pole is located in the geographic South . In general, the magnetic fields of the Earth and the Sun, for all their unusualness, have much in common. Their poles are constantly moving, from time to time making a complete "revolution", in which the North and South magnetic poles change places. On the Sun, this reversal occurs every 11 years, in accordance with the sunspot cycle. On Earth, the "magnetic revolution" is rare and happens about once every 300 thousand years, and the cycles associated with this are still unknown. (03/13/2007, 10:03).

Ulysses: 15 years in orbit

Earth's south magnetic pole is actually the north pole of a magnet

"From a physical point of viewEarth's south magnetic pole is actually the north pole of the magnet that our planet represents. The north pole of a magnet is the pole from which the magnetic field lines emerge.But to avoid confusion, this pole is called the south pole, since it is close to the South Pole of the Earth.

Magnetic poles

“The earth's magnetic field looks like the globe is a magnet with an axis pointing approximately north to south.In the northern hemisphere all magnetic lines of force converge at a point lying at 70 ° 50 's. latitude and 96° west. longitude.This point is called the south magnetic pole. Earth. In the southern hemisphere the point of convergence of the lines of force lies at 70 ° 10 'S. latitude and 150°45' east. longitude;it is called the earth's north magnetic pole . It should be noted that the points of convergence of the earth's magnetic field lines lie not on the Earth's surface itself, but under it. The magnetic poles of the Earth, as we see, do not coincide with its geographical poles. Earth's magnetic axis, i.e. a straight line passing through both magnetic poles of the earth does not pass through its center and thus is not the earth's diameter.

Earth's magnetic field

« Earth's magnetic field similar to the field of a uniform magnetized sphere with a magnetic axis tilted 11.5° to the Earth's axis of rotation. Southernmagnetic pole The earth, to which the north end of the compass needle is attracted, does not coincide with the geographic North Pole, but is located at a point with coordinates approximately 76 ° north latitude and 101 ° west longitude.Earth's north magnetic pole is located in Antarctica . The magnetic field strength at the poles is 0.63 Oe, at the equator - 0.31 Oe.

"The probability of changing the Earth's magnetic poles in the near future. Research into the detailed physical causes of this process.

Somehow I watched a popular science film on this issue, shot 6-7 years ago.
It provided data on the appearance of an anomalous region in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean - a change in polarity and a weak tension. It seems like when satellites fly over this territory, they have to be turned off so that the electronics do not deteriorate.

Yes, and in time, it seems, how this process should occur.It also talked about plans by the European Space Agency to launch a series of satellites to study in detail the strength of the Earth's magnetic field. Maybe they have already published the data of this study, if the satellites were launched on this occasion?

The Earth's magnetic poles are part of our planet's magnetic (geomagnetic) field, which is generated by flows of molten iron and nickel surrounding the Earth's inner core (in other words, turbulent convection in the Earth's outer core generates a geomagnetic field). The behavior of the Earth's magnetic field is explained by the flow of liquid metals at the boundary of the earth's core with the mantle.

In 1600, the English scientist William Gilbert in his book On the Magnet, Magnetic Bodies, and the Great Magnet, the Earth. presented the Earth as a giant permanent magnet, the axis of which does not coincide with the axis of rotation of the Earth (the angle between these axes is called magnetic declination).

In 1702, E. Halley creates the first magnetic maps of the Earth. The main reason for the presence of the Earth's magnetic field is that the Earth's core consists of red-hot iron (a good conductor of electrical currents that occur inside the Earth).

The Earth's magnetic field forms a magnetosphere extending for 70-80 thousand km in the direction of the Sun. It shields the Earth's surface, protects against the harmful effects of charged particles, high energies and cosmic rays, and determines the nature of the weather.

Back in 1635, Gellibrand established that the Earth's magnetic field was changing. Later it was found that there are permanent and short-term changes in the Earth's magnetic field.

The reason for the constant change is the presence of mineral deposits. There are territories on Earth where its own magnetic field is strongly distorted by the occurrence of iron ores. For example, the Kursk magnetic anomaly, located in the Kursk region.

The reason for short-term changes in the Earth's magnetic field is the action of the "solar wind", i.e. the action of a stream of charged particles ejected by the Sun. The magnetic field of this stream interacts with the Earth's magnetic field, and "magnetic storms" arise. The frequency and strength of magnetic storms is influenced by solar activity.

During the years of maximum solar activity (once every 11.5 years), such magnetic storms arise that radio communication is disrupted, and the compass needles begin to “dance” unpredictably.

The result of the interaction of charged particles of the "solar wind" with the Earth's atmosphere in northern latitudes is such a phenomenon as "polar lights".

The change of the Earth's magnetic poles (magnetic field inversion, English geomagnetic reversal) occurs every 11.5-12.5 thousand years. Other figures are also mentioned - 13,000 years and even 500 thousand years or more, and the last inversion occurred 780,000 years ago. Apparently, the polarity reversal of the Earth's Magnetic Field is a non-periodic phenomenon. Throughout the geological history of our planet, the earth's magnetic field has changed its polarity more than 100 times.

The cycle of changing the poles of the Earth (associated with the planet Earth itself) can be attributed to global cycles (along with, for example, the cycle of fluctuation of the precession axis), which affects everything that happens on Earth...

A legitimate question arises: when to expect a change in the Earth's magnetic poles (an inversion of the planet's magnetic field), or a shift of the poles to a “critical” angle (according to some theories, to the equator)?..

The process of shifting the magnetic poles has been recorded for more than a century. The North and South magnetic poles (NMP and SMP) are constantly “migrating”, moving away from the geographic poles of the Earth (the “error” angle is now about 8 degrees in latitude for the NMP and 27 degrees for the SMP). By the way, it was found that the geographic poles of the Earth are also moving: the axis of the planet deviates at a speed of about 10 cm per year.

The north magnetic pole was first discovered in 1831. In 1904, when scientists took measurements a second time, it was found that the pole had moved 31 miles. The compass needle points to the magnetic pole, not the geographic one. The study showed that over the past thousand years, the magnetic pole has moved considerable distances in the direction from Canada to Siberia, but sometimes in other directions.

The north magnetic pole of the Earth does not sit still. However, like the south. The northern one “wandered” across Arctic Canada for a long time, but since the 70s of the last century, its movement has acquired a clear direction. With a growing speed, now reaching 46 km per year, the pole rushed almost in a straight line into the Russian Arctic. According to the forecast of the Canadian Geomagnetic Service, by 2050 it will be in the area of ​​the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago.

The fact of the weakening of the Earth's magnetic field near the poles, which was established in 2002 by the French professor of geophysics Gauthier Hulot, indicates a quick change of poles. By the way, the Earth's magnetic field has weakened by almost 10% since it was first measured in the 30s of the 19th century. Fact: in 1989, the inhabitants of Quebec (Canada), as a result of the fact that the solar winds broke through a weak magnetic shield and caused severe breakdowns in electrical networks, were left without electricity for 9 hours.

From the school physics course, we know that an electric current heats the conductor through which it flows. In this case, the movement of charges will heat the ionosphere. Particles will penetrate into the neutral atmosphere, this will affect the wind system at an altitude of 200-400 km, and hence the climate as a whole. The shift of the magnetic pole will also affect the operation of the equipment. For example, in the middle latitudes during the summer months it will not be possible to use shortwave radio communications. The work of satellite navigation systems will also be disrupted, since they use ionospheric models that will not be applicable in the new conditions. Geophysicists also warn that the approach of the north magnetic pole will increase the induced induced currents in Russian power lines and power grids.

However, all this may not happen. The north magnetic pole can change direction or stop at any moment, and this cannot be foreseen. And for the South Pole, there is no forecast for 2050 at all. Until 1986, he moved very cheerfully, but then his speed dropped.

So, here are four facts that indicate an approaching or already begun reversal of the geomagnetic field:
1. Reduction over the past 2.5 thousand years of the intensity of the geomagnetic field;
2. Acceleration of the drop in field strength in recent decades;
3. Sharp acceleration of the displacement of the magnetic pole;
4. Features of the distribution of magnetic field lines, which becomes similar to the picture corresponding to the stage of preparation of the inversion.

There is an extensive discussion about the possible consequences of a reversal of the geomagnetic poles. There are various points of view - from quite optimistic to extremely disturbing. Optimists refer to the fact that hundreds of inversions have occurred in the geological history of the Earth, but it has not been possible to establish a connection between mass extinctions and natural disasters with these events. In addition, the biosphere has considerable adaptive capacity, and the inversion process can take quite a long time, so there is more than enough time to prepare for change.

The opposite point of view does not exclude the possibility that the inversion may occur during the lifetime of the next generations and turn out to be a catastrophe for human civilization. It must be said that this point of view is largely compromised by a large number of unscientific and simply anti-scientific statements. As an example, one can cite the opinion that during the inversion, human brains will experience a reboot, similar to what happens with computers, and the information contained in them will be completely erased. Despite such statements, the optimistic point of view is very superficial.

The modern world is far from what it was hundreds of thousands of years ago: man has created many problems that have made this world fragile, easily vulnerable and extremely unstable. There is reason to believe that the consequences of the inversion will indeed be truly catastrophic for world civilization. And the complete loss of the functionality of the World Wide Web due to the destruction of radio communication systems (and it will certainly come at the time of the loss of radiation belts) is just one example of a global catastrophe. For example, due to the destruction of radio communication systems, all satellites will fail.

An interesting aspect of the impact of geomagnetic inversion on our planet, associated with a change in the configuration of the magnetosphere, is considered in his recent works by Professor V.P. Shcherbakov from the Borok Geophysical Observatory. In the normal state, due to the fact that the axis of the geomagnetic dipole is oriented approximately along the axis of rotation of the Earth, the magnetosphere serves as an effective screen for high-energy fluxes of charged particles moving from the Sun. In the case of inversion, a situation is quite probable when a funnel is formed in the frontal subsolar part of the magnetosphere in the region of low latitudes, through which the solar plasma can reach the Earth's surface. Due to the rotation of the Earth in each specific place of low and partly temperate latitudes, this situation will be repeated every day for several hours. That is, a significant part of the planet's surface every 24 hours will experience a strong radiation shock.

However, scientists from NASA suggest that the assertion that the reversal of the poles can briefly deprive the Earth of a magnetic field that protects us from solar flares and other space hazards is wrong. However, the magnetic field may weaken or strengthen over time, but there is no indication that it can completely disappear. A weaker field will of course result in a slight increase in solar radiation on Earth, as well as beautiful auroras at lower latitudes. But nothing fatal will happen, and the dense atmosphere perfectly protects the Earth from dangerous solar particles.

Science proves that the reversal of the poles - from the point of view of the geological history of the Earth - is a common phenomenon that occurs gradually, over millennia.

The geographic poles are also constantly shifting across the surface of the Earth. But these shifts occur slowly and are natural. The axis of our planet, rotating like a top, describes a cone around the ecliptic pole with a period of about 26 thousand years, in accordance with the migration of geographical poles, gradual climatic changes also occur. They are caused mainly by the displacement of ocean currents that carry heat to the continents. Another thing is unexpected, sharp "tumbles" of the poles. But the rotating Earth is a gyroscope with a very impressive intrinsic moment of momentum, in other words, it is an inertial object. resisting attempts to change the characteristics of his movement. A sudden change in the inclination of the Earth's axis, and even more so its "somersault" cannot be caused by internal slow movements of magma or gravitational interaction with any passing space body.

Such an overturning moment can only occur during a tangential impact of an asteroid with a diameter of at least 1000 kilometers, approaching the Earth at a speed of 100 km/sec. The magnetic field of our planet, which is observed today, is very similar to that which would be created by a giant bar magnet placed in the center of the Earth, oriented along a north-south line. More precisely, it must be installed so that its North magnetic pole is directed to the South geographic pole, and the South magnetic pole is directed to the North geographic.

However, this situation is not permanent. Research over the past four hundred years has shown that the magnetic poles revolve around their geographic counterparts, shifting about twelve degrees every century. This value corresponds to the speed of currents in the upper core of ten to thirty kilometers per year. In addition to the gradual shifts of the magnetic poles, approximately every five hundred thousand years, the Earth's magnetic poles change places. The study of the paleomagnetic characteristics of rocks of different ages allowed scientists to conclude that the time of such reversals of the magnetic poles took at least five thousand years. A complete surprise for scientists studying the life of the Earth were the results of an analysis of the magnetic properties of a lava flow about a kilometer thick, which erupted 16.2 million years ago and was recently found in the east of the Oregon desert.

Her research, led by Rob Cowie of the University of California at Santa Cruz and Michel Privota of the University of Montpelier, created a real sensation in geophysics. The obtained results of the magnetic properties of the volcanic rock objectively showed that the lower layer froze at one position of the pole, the core of the flow - when the pole moved, and, finally, the upper layer - at the opposite pole. And all this happened in thirteen days. The Oregon find suggests that the Earth's magnetic poles may change places not within a few thousand years, but in just two weeks. The last time it happened was about 780,000 years ago. But how does this threaten all of us? Now the magnetosphere envelops the Earth at an altitude of sixty thousand kilometers and serves as a kind of shield in the path of the solar wind. If there is a change of poles, then the magnetic field during the inversion will decrease by 80-90%. Such a drastic change will certainly affect various technical devices, the animal world and, of course, humans.

True, the inhabitants of the Earth should be somewhat reassured by the fact that during the change of the poles of the Sun, which occurred in March 2001, the disappearance of the magnetic field was not recorded.

Consequently, the complete disappearance of the protective layer of the Earth, most likely, will not happen. The reversal of the magnetic poles cannot become a global catastrophe. The very existence of life on Earth, which has experienced inversion many times, confirms this, although the absence of a magnetic field is an unfavorable factor for the animal world. This was clearly demonstrated by the experiments of American scientists, who built two experimental chambers back in the sixties. One of them was surrounded by a powerful metal screen, which reduced the strength of the earth's magnetic field hundreds of times. Earth conditions were preserved in the other chamber. They were placed mice and seeds of clover, wheat. A few months later, it turned out that the mice in the shielded chamber lost their hair faster and died earlier than the control ones. Their skin was thicker than that of the animals of the other group. And she, swelling, displaced the root sacs of the hair, which caused early baldness. Changes were also noted in plants in a non-magnetic chamber.

It will also be difficult for those representatives of the animal kingdom, for example, migratory birds, who have a kind of built-in compass and use magnetic poles for orientation. But, judging by the deposits, the mass extinction of species during the reversal of the magnetic poles did not occur before. It probably won't happen in the future either. Indeed, even despite the enormous speed of movement of the poles, the birds cannot keep up with them. Moreover, many animals, such as bees, navigate by the Sun, and marine migratory animals use more of the magnetic field of rocks on the ocean floor than the global one. Navigation systems, communication systems created by people, will be subjected to severe tests that can put them out of action. It will be very bad for numerous compasses - they will simply have to be thrown away. But with the reversal of the poles, there may also be “positive” effects - huge northern lights will be observed all over the Earth - however, for only two weeks.

Well, now a few theories of the mysteries of civilizations :-) Someone takes this quite seriously ...

According to another hypothesis, we live in a unique time: there is a change of poles on the Earth and a quantum transition of our planet to its twin, located in a parallel world of four-dimensional space, is taking place. Higher civilizations (HC) to reduce the consequences of a planetary catastrophe carry out this transition smoothly in order to create favorable conditions for the emergence of a new branch of the Supercivilization of God-manhood. Representatives of the EC believe that the old branch of Humanity is not intelligent, since over the past decades it could have destroyed all life on the planet at least five times if it were not for the timely intervention of the EC.

Today, among scientists, there is no consensus as to how long the process of reversal of poles can last. According to one version, this will take several thousand years, during which the Earth will be defenseless against solar radiation. According to another, it will take only a few weeks to change the poles. But the date of the Apocalypse, according to some scientists, is suggested to us by the ancient peoples of the Maya and the Atlanteans - 2050.

In 1996, the American popularizer of science S. Runcorn concluded that the axis of rotation moved more than once in the geological history of the Earth along with the magnetic field. He suggests that the last geomagnetic reversal occurred around 10,450 BC. e. This is what the Atlanteans, who survived after the flood, told us about, sending their message to the future. They knew about the regular periodic reversal of the Earth's polarity approximately every 12,500 years. If by 10450 BC. e. add 12,500 years, then again you get 2050 AD. e. - the year of the nearest giant natural cataclysm. Experts calculated this date in the course of unraveling the location of three Egyptian pyramids in the Nile Valley - Cheops, Khafre and Mykerin.

Russian scientists believe that the wisest Atlanteans brought us to the knowledge of the periodic change in the polarity of the Earth's poles through the knowledge of the laws of precession, which are embedded in the location of these three pyramids. The Atlanteans, apparently, were completely sure that sometime in the distant future for them, a new highly developed civilization would appear on Earth, and its representatives would rediscover the precessional laws.

According to one hypothesis, it was the Atlanteans who most likely led the construction of the three largest pyramids in the Nile Valley. All of them are built on the 30th degree of northern latitude and are oriented to the cardinal points. Each face of the structure faces north, south, west, or east. No other structure on Earth is known that would be so accurately oriented to the cardinal points with an error of only 0.015 degrees. Since the ancient builders achieved their goal, it means that they had the appropriate qualifications, knowledge, first-class equipment and instruments.

We go further. The pyramids are set on the cardinal points with a deviation of three minutes and six seconds from the meridian. And the numbers 30 and 36 are signs of the precession code! 30 degrees of the celestial horizon correspond to one sign of the Zodiac, 36 - the number of years for which the picture of the sky shifts by half a degree.

Scientists also established certain patterns and coincidences associated with the size of the pyramid, the angles of inclination of their internal galleries, the angle of increase of the spiral staircase of the DNA molecule, the twisted helix, etc., etc. Therefore, the scientists decided that the Atlanteans were all available to them ways pointed us to a strictly defined date, which coincided with an extremely rare astronomical phenomenon. It repeats once every 25,921 years. At that moment, the three stars of Orion's Belt were in their lowest precessional position above the horizon on the day of the vernal equinox. This is byo in 10450 BC. e. This is how the ancient sages intensively brought humanity to this date through mythological codes, through a map of a section of the starry sky, drawn in the Nile Valley with the help of three pyramids.

And in 1993, the Belgian scientist R. Buvell used the laws of precession. Through computer analysis, he revealed that the three largest Egyptian pyramids were installed on the ground in the same way as the three stars of Orion's Belt were located in the sky in 10,450 BC. e., when they were at the bottom, that is, the starting point of their precessional movement across the sky.

Modern geomagnetic studies have shown that around 10450 BC. e. there was an instant change in the polarity of the Earth's poles and the eye shifted 30 degrees relative to its axis of rotation. As a result, a planetary global instantaneous cataclysm occurred. Geomagnetic studies conducted in the late 1980s by American, British and Japanese scientists showed something else. These nightmarish cataclysms have been constantly occurring in the geological history of the Earth with a regularity of about 12,500 years! It is they, obviously, who killed the dinosaurs, and mammoths, and Atlantis.

The survivors of the previous flood in 10450 B.C. e. and the Atlanteans who sent us their message through the pyramids hoped very much that a new highly developed civilization would appear on Earth long before the total horror and the end of the world. And maybe he will have time to prepare to meet the disaster fully armed. According to one of the hypotheses, their science failed to make a discovery about the obligatory “somersault” of the planet by 30 degrees at the time of the polarity reversal. As a result, all the continents of the Earth shifted exactly by 30 degrees and Atlantis found itself at the South Pole. And then all its population instantly froze, as mammoths instantly froze at the same moment on the other side of the planet. Only those representatives of a highly developed Atlantic civilization survived who were at that time on other continents of the planet in highlands. They were lucky to avoid the Flood. And so they decided to warn us, people of a distant future for them, that each change of poles is accompanied by a "tumble" of the planet and irreparable consequences.

In 1995, new additional studies were carried out using modern instruments designed specifically for this kind of research. Scientists managed to make the most important clarification in the forecast of the upcoming polarity reversal and more accurately indicate the date of the terrible event - 2030.

The American scientist G. Hancock calls the date of the universal end of the world even closer - 2012. He bases his assumption on one of the calendars of the South American Mayan civilization. According to the scientist, the calendar may have been inherited by the Indians from the Atlanteans.

So, according to the Mayan Long Count, our world is cyclically created and destroyed with a period of 13 baktuns (or approximately 5120 years). The current cycle began on August 11, 3113 BC. e. (0.0.0.0.0) and will end on December 21, 2012 AD. e. (13.0.0.0.0). The Maya believed that the end of the world would come on that day. And after that, according to them, the beginning of a new cycle and the beginning of a new World will come.

According to other paleomagnetologists, the change of the Earth's magnetic poles is about to happen. But not in the philistine sense - tomorrow, the day after tomorrow. Some researchers call one thousand years, others - two thousand. That's when the End of the World will come, the Last Judgment, the Flood, which is described in the Apocalypse.

But mankind has already predicted the end of the world in 2000. And life still goes on - and it's beautiful!

sources
http://2012god.ru/forum/forum-37/topic-338/page-1/
http://www.planet-x.net.ua/earth/earth_priroda_polusa.html
http://paranormal-news.ru/news/2008-11-01-991
http://kosmosnov.blogspot.ru/2011/12/blog-post_07.html
http://kopilka-erudita.ru

A study conducted by geologists led by Arnaud Chulliat of the Paris Institute of Physics of the Earth showed that the speed of movement of the north magnetic pole of our planet has reached a record value for the entire time of observations.

The current rate of the pole shift is an impressive 64 kilometers per year. Now the north magnetic pole - the place where the arrows of all the world's compasses point - is located in Canada near Ellesmere Island.

Recall that scientists first determined the "point" of the north magnetic pole in 1831. In 1904, it was first recorded that it began to move in a northwesterly direction by about 15 kilometers per year. In 1989, the speed increased, and in 2007, geologists reported that the north magnetic pole was already rushing towards Siberia at a speed of 55-60 kilometers per year.

According to geologists, the iron core of the Earth is responsible for all processes, with a solid core and an outer liquid layer. Together, these parts make up a kind of "dynamo". Changes in the rotation of the molten component, most likely, determine the change in the Earth's magnetic field.

However, the core is not accessible to direct observations, it can only be seen indirectly, and, accordingly, its magnetic field cannot be directly mapped. For this reason, scientists rely on changes taking place on the surface of the planet, as well as in space around it.

The change in the lines of the Earth's magnetic field will undoubtedly affect the biosphere of the planet. It is known, for example, that birds see a magnetic field, and cows even align their bodies along it.

New data collected by French geologists have shown that a region with a rapidly changing magnetic field has recently appeared near the surface of the core, probably formed by an anomalously moving flow of the liquid component of the core. It is this region that is dragging the north magnetic pole away from Canada.

True, Arno cannot say with certainty that the north magnetic pole will ever cross the border of our country. No one can. "It's very difficult to make any predictions," Shullia says. After all, no one is able to predict the behavior of the nucleus. Perhaps, a little later, an unusual swirl of the liquid interior of the planet will occur elsewhere, dragging the magnetic poles along with it.

By the way, scientists have long been saying that the magnetic poles can even change places, as it happened more than once in the history of the planet. This change can lead to serious consequences, for example, affect the appearance of holes in the protective shell of the Earth.

Earth's magnetic field may be in for catastrophic changes

For some time now, scientists have noticed that the Earth's magnetic field is weakening, leaving some parts of our planet especially vulnerable to radiation from space. This effect has already been felt by some satellites. But so far it remains unclear whether the weakened field will come to a complete collapse and change of poles (when the north pole becomes south)?
The question is not whether it will happen at all, but when it will happen, say scientists who recently met at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco. They don't know the answer to the last question yet. The reversal of the magnetic field is too chaotic.

Over the past century and a half (since the beginning of regular observations), scientists have registered a 10% weakening of the field. If the current rate of change is maintained, it may disappear in one and a half to two thousand years. A particular weakness of the field was registered off the coast of Brazil in the so-called South Atlantic anomaly. Here, structural features of the earth's core create a "dip" in the magnetic field, making it 30% weaker than in other places. An additional dose of radiation creates malfunctions for satellites and spacecraft flying over this place. Even the Hubble Space Telescope was damaged.
A change in the lines of the magnetic field always precedes its weakening, but not always the weakening of the field leads to its reversal. The invisible shield can build up its strength back - and then the field change will not occur, but it may happen later.
By studying marine sediments and lava flows, scientists can reconstruct patterns of how the magnetic field has changed in the past. The iron contained in lava, for example, shows the direction of the then existing magnetic field, and its orientation does not change after the lava solidifies. The oldest known field change has been studied in this way from lava flows found in Greenland, estimated to be 16 million years old. The time intervals between field changes can be different - from a thousand years to several million.
So will the magnetic field reversal happen this time? Probably not, scientists say. Such events are quite rare. But even if this happens, nothing will threaten life on Earth. Only satellites and some aircraft will undergo additional contact with radiation - the residual field will be enough to provide protection to people, because there will be no more radiation than at the magnetic poles of the planet, where the field lines go into the ground.
But there will be an interesting reconfiguration. Before the fields stabilize again, our planet will have many magnetic poles, making it extremely difficult to use magnetic compasses. The collapse of the magnetic field will significantly increase the number of northern (and southern) lights. And you will have a lot of time to capture them on camera, because the field flip will be very slow.

No one knows what awaits us in the near future, even the academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences make only guesses and assumptions ... Probably because they know only about 4% of the matter of the Universe.
Recently there have been various rumors that we are threatened by the reversal of the poles and the zeroing of the planet's magnetic field. Despite the fact that scientists know little about the nature of the planet's magnetic shield, they confidently declare that this does not threaten us in the near future and tell us why.
Very often, illiterate people confuse the geographic poles of the planet with the magnetic poles. While the geographic poles are imaginary points marking the Earth's axis of rotation, the magnetic poles cover a wider area, forming the Arctic Circle, within which the atmosphere is bombarded by hard cosmic rays. The process of collision in the upper atmosphere causes auroras and the glow of ionized atmospheric gas.
Since the atmosphere is thinner and denser in the zone of the polar regions, the auroras can be admired from the ground. This phenomenon is beautiful, but very unfavorable for human health. And the reasons for this are not so much in magnetic storms, but in the penetration of hard radiation into the territory of the Arctic Circle, which affects power lines, airplanes, trains, railway lines, mobile and radio communications ... and, of course, the human body - its psyche and the immune system.

These holes are located over the South Atlantic and the Arctic. They became known after analyzing data received from the Danish Orsted satellite and comparing them with earlier readings from other orbiters. It is believed that the "culprits" of the formation of the Earth's magnetic field are the colossal flows of molten iron, which surround the earth's core. From time to time, giant whirlpools form in them, capable of forcing the streams of molten iron to change the direction of their movement. According to the staff of the Danish Center for Planetary Science (Center for Planetary Science), in the region of the North Pole and the South Atlantic formed such eddies. In turn, the staff of the University of Leeds (Leeds University), said that usually the change of poles occurs once every half a million years.
However, 750 thousand years have passed since the last change, so the change of magnetic poles may occur in the very near future. This can cause significant changes in the lives of both people and animals. First, at the time of the reversal of the poles, the level of solar radiation can increase significantly, since the magnetic field will temporarily weaken. Secondly, changing the direction of the magnetic field can disorient migratory birds and animals. And thirdly, scientists expect serious problems in the technological field, since, again, a change in the direction of the magnetic field will affect the operation of all devices connected in one way or another with it.
Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, professor, as well as the dean of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University and the head of the Department of Physics of the Earth Vladimir Trukhin, says: "The Earth has its own magnetic field. It is small in intensity, but, nevertheless, plays a huge role in the life of the Earth. You can immediately to say that life as it is, could not exist on Earth if there were no magnetic field. We have small protections from space - such as, for example, the ozone layer, which protects against ultraviolet radiation. The lines of force of the Earth's magnetic field protect us from powerful cosmic radioactive radiation... There are cosmic particles of very high energies, and if they reached the Earth's surface, they would act like any strong radioactivity, and what would happen on Earth is unknown. Yevgeny Shalamberidze believes that a similar shift of the magnetic poles occurred on other planets of the solar system. Scientists believe that the most likely reason for this is the fact that the solar system passes through a certain zone of galactic space and experiences geomagnetic influence from other space systems nearby. Deputy Director of the St. Petersburg branch of the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Oleg Raspopov believes that a constant geomagnetic field is actually not so constant. And it changes all the time. 2,500 years ago, the magnitude of the magnetic field was one and a half times greater than now, and then (over 200 years) it decreased to the value that we have now. In the history of the geomagnetic field, so-called inversions constantly occurred, when the geomagnetic poles reversed.
The geomagnetic north pole began to move and slowly moved into the southern hemisphere. At the same time, the value of the geomagnetic field decreased, but not to zero, but to about 20-25 percent of the current value. But along with this, there are so-called "excursions" in the geomagnetic field (this is - in Russian terminology, and in foreign - "excursions" of the geomagnetic field). When the magnetic pole begins to move, the process of inversion begins, as it were, but it does not end. The north geomagnetic pole can reach the equator, cross the equator, and then, instead of completely reversing the polarity, it returns to its previous position. The last "excursion" of the geomagnetic field was 2,800 years ago. A manifestation of such an "excursion" can be the observation of auroras in southern latitudes. And it seems that, indeed, such auroras were observed approximately 2,600 - 2,800 years ago. The very process of "excursion" or "inversion" is not a matter of days or weeks, at best it is hundreds of years, maybe even thousands of years. It won't happen tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.
The shift of the magnetic poles has been recorded since 1885. Over the past 100 years, the magnetic pole in the southern hemisphere has moved almost 900 km and entered the Indian Ocean. The latest data on the state of the Arctic magnetic pole (moving towards the East Siberian world magnetic anomaly through the Arctic Ocean) showed that from 1973 to 1984 its range was 120 km, from 1984 to 1994 - more than 150 km. Characteristically, these data are calculated, but they were confirmed by specific measurements of the north magnetic pole. As of the beginning of 2002, the drift velocity of the north magnetic pole increased from 10 km/year in the 1970s to 40 km/year in 2001. In addition, the strength of the earth's magnetic field is decreasing, and very unevenly. Thus, over the past 22 years, it has decreased by an average of 1.7 percent, and in some regions - for example, in the South Atlantic Ocean - by 10 percent. However, in some places on our planet, the magnetic field strength, contrary to the general trend, even increased slightly. We emphasize that the acceleration of the movement of the poles (by an average of 3 km/year) and their movement along the corridors of magnetic pole reversal (more than 400 paleoinversions made it possible to identify these corridors) makes us suspect that this movement of the poles should be seen not as an excursion, but as a polarity reversal. the earth's magnetic field. The geomagnetic pole of the Earth has shifted by 200 km.
This was recorded by the instruments of the Central Military Technical Institute. As Yevgeny Shalamberidze, a leading researcher of the institute, said, a similar shift of the magnetic poles occurred on other planets of the solar system. The most likely reason for this, according to the scientist, is that the solar system passes through "a certain zone of galactic space and experiences geomagnetic influence from other space systems nearby." Otherwise, according to Shalamberidze, "it is difficult to explain this phenomenon." "Pole reversal" influenced a number of processes occurring on Earth. Thus, "the Earth, through its faults and the so-called geomagnetic points, dumps an excess of its energy into space, which cannot but affect both the weather phenomena and the well-being of people," Shalamberidze emphasized.
Our planet has already changed poles .. proof of this is the disappearance of certain civilizations without a trace. If the earth for some reason turns over 180 degrees, then from such a sharp turn all the water will pour onto land and flood the whole world.

In addition, the scientist said, "excessive wave processes that occur when the Earth's energy is released affect the speed of rotation of our planet." According to the Central Military Technical Institute, "approximately every two weeks this speed slows down somewhat, and in the next two weeks there is a certain acceleration of its rotation, leveling the average daily time of the Earth." The ongoing changes require reflection to be taken into account in practical activities. In particular, according to Yevgeny Shalamberidze, the increase in the number of air crashes around the world may be associated with this phenomenon, RIA Novosti reports. The scientist also noted that the displacement of the geomagnetic pole of the Earth does not affect the geographic poles of the planet, that is, the points of the North and South poles remained in place.

Earth has two north poles (geographic and magnetic), both of which are in the Arctic region.

Geographic North Pole

The northernmost point on the Earth's surface is the geographic North Pole, also known as True North. It is located at 90º north latitude but does not have a specific line of longitude since all meridians converge at the poles. The axis of the Earth connects the north and, and is a conditional line around which our planet rotates.

The geographic North Pole is located about 725 km (450 miles) north of Greenland, in the middle of the Arctic Ocean, which is 4,087 meters deep at this point. Most of the time, sea ice covers the North Pole, but recently water has been seen around the exact location of the pole.

All points are south! If you are standing at the North Pole, all points are located to the south of you (east and west do not matter at the North Pole). While the full revolution of the Earth occurs in 24 hours, the planet's rotation speed decreases as it moves away from, where it is about 1670 km per hour, and at the North Pole, there is practically no rotation.

The lines of longitude (meridians) that define our time zones are so close to the North Pole that time zones don't make sense here. Thus, the Arctic region uses the UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) standard to determine local time.

Due to the tilt of the earth's axis, the North Pole experiences six months of round-the-clock daylight from March 21 to September 21 and six months of darkness from September 21 to March 21.

Magnetic North Pole

Located approximately 400 km (250 miles) south of the true North Pole, and as of 2017 lies within 86.5°N and 172.6°W.

This place is not fixed and is constantly moving, even on a daily basis. The magnetic North Pole of the Earth is the center of the planet's magnetic field and the point to which conventional magnetic compasses point. The compass is also subject to magnetic declination, which is the result of changes in the Earth's magnetic field.

Due to the constant shifts of the magnetic N Pole and the planet's magnetic field, when using a magnetic compass for navigation, it is necessary to understand the difference between magnetic north and true north.

The magnetic pole was first determined in 1831, hundreds of kilometers from its present location. The Canadian National Geomagnetic Program monitors the movement of the magnetic North Pole.

The magnetic North Pole is constantly moving. Every day there is an elliptical movement of the magnetic pole about 80 km from its central point. On average, it moves about 55-60 km every year.

Who first reached the North Pole?