How to identify agreed and inconsistent. Definition agreed and inconsistent

According to the nature of the syntactic connection of the definition with the word being defined, all definitions are divided into agreed and inconsistent.

Agreed definitions are expressed by those parts of speech that, referring to the word being defined, can be likened to it in number and case, and in the singular - in gender. They can be expressed by an adjective: The door to the damp porch dissolved again (A.K.T.); communion: My steps resounded dully in the freezing air (T.); pronominal adjective: From infancy, two muses flew to us, and my lot was sweet with their caress (P.); ordinal number: The second boy, Pavlusha, had tousled hair (T.); quantitative numeral one: I knew only one thought power, one, but a fiery passion (L.).

The meanings of agreed definitions are very diverse and depend on the lexical meaning of the words by which they are expressed. Definitions expressed by qualitative adjectives indicate the quality of the object: She was tormented by a thirst for glory, and the terrible power of self-sacrifice, and insane courage, and a feeling of childish mischievous, piercing happiness (Fad.). Definitions, expressed by relative adjectives, indicate the attribute of an object at its location and time: Yesterday we spent in the forest on our long-range batteries (Inb.); The village library was near the school; sign of an object by material; Through the frequent mesh of rain one could see a hut with a plank roof and two pipes (T.); affiliation: The dead did not let the regimental banner out of the hands (Bl.). Definitions expressed by possessive adjectives, as well as possessive pronouns, denote belonging: His grandfather's face leaned over his face (M. G.); Farewell, sea! I will not forget your solemn beauty and for a long, long time I will hear your rumble in the evening hours (P.). Definitions expressed by indefinite pronouns indicate the uncertainty of the subject in relation to quality, property, belonging, etc.: Someone's steps were heard in the room (Azh.); Tell me some news (L.). Definitions expressed by negative and attributive pronouns denote properties and qualities in a general way: He knew every person, every family, every alley of this large working outskirts (Cat.); For a long time I did not find any game (T.). Definitions expressed by ordinal numbers indicate the order of the subject when counting: Sukhoedov (Pan.) was on duty in the ninth carriage. Definitions expressed by participles can indicate a sign associated with the action: In the ensuing silence, the howling of a raging wind was clearly heard (Azh.).

Note. If a relative adjective or ordinal number is used in a figurative sense, the definition denotes a quality: In the golden, in the bright south, I still see you in the distance (Tyutch.); You are ... the first person on the collective farm (G. Nick.).

Inconsistent definitions, in contrast to agreed ones, are associated with the word being defined by the method of control (poet's poems, a boat with sails) or adjoining (riding at a pace, desire to learn). They can be expressed by nouns without prepositions (in the genitive and instrumental cases) and with prepositions (in all oblique cases): A light gust of wind woke me up (T.); He wore work overalls, changed his mustache with a ring to a mustache with a brush (Fed.); The matter of the inheritance is holding me back for a long time (A.N.T.); He was wearing a colorful cotton shirt with a yellow border (T.); And what did he see, the dead Falcon, in this desert without bottom and edge? (M. G.); Next to him walked Fedyushka in his father's cap (Ch.); personal pronoun in the genitive case (in the possessive meaning): There was so much longing in his eyes that it could have poisoned all the people of the world with it (M. G.); comparative degree of the adjective: There were no bigger and more important events in the history of mankind (A.N.T.); adverb: There are, however, incredible cases when stearin candles and soft-boiled boots are obtained (G. Usp.); indefinite form of the verb: He went with a step to the right and sent an adjutant to the dragoons with an order to attack the French (L.T.).

Inconsistent definitions expressed by a noun in the genitive case without a preposition can indicate belonging: Kutuzov's face, standing at the door of the office, remained completely motionless for several moments (L.T.); attitude to the team, institution, etc.: The blacksmith of the Putilov factory Ivan Gora ... was cleaning his rifle (A.N.T.); producer of action: Less and less often, quieter and more distantly heard: now the creak of wheels, now a gentle Little Russian song, now the sonorous neighing of horses, now fuss and the last chirping of sleeping birds (Kupr.); a sign according to its bearer: A horse and a rider dived from a dilapidated barrack into the darkness of the forest (N. Ostr.); the relation of the whole to the part, which is indicated by the word being defined: You are a little cold, you cover your face with an overcoat collar (T.), etc.

Inconsistent definitions, expressed by a noun in the instrumental case without a preposition, denote a sign established by comparison with an object called the defining word: Moses is already walking in a bowler hat (Ch.).

Inconsistent definitions expressed by a noun in oblique cases with prepositions can denote various signs. Sign by material: On an immaculately clean table, black marble writing instruments were arranged with deathly accuracy, folders made of shiny cardboard lay (A.N.T.); a sign by the presence of some external feature, detail: The servant jumped off the goat, unlocked the doors, and a minute later a young man in a military overcoat and a white cap entered the caretaker (P.); I went up to a stranger in a fur coat and saw him (Cupr.); People with whiskers stood at the gunwale and smoked pipes (Paust.); a sign of origin in the broad sense of the word: Huge boilers from military ships were buried under snowdrifts (A.N.T.); a sign that characterizes an object in a spatial sense: A girl was standing at the jamb of the door to the kitchen (M. G.); Chelkash crossed the road and sat down on the bedside table opposite the doors of the tavern (M. G.); a sign indicating the contents of the object: From sleep, sits in an ice bath (P.); a sign that limits the subject in any respect: Before dawn in a dark cave, the famous golden eagle hunter Khali tells me about eagles (Prishv.); a sign indicating the purpose of the object: Everything froze on the benches for the public (M. G.), etc.

Inconsistent definitions, expressed by the comparative degree of the adjective, denote a qualitative feature of an object that is inherent in it to a greater or lesser extent than other objects: It’s unlikely that you had a stronger and more beautiful guy to see (N.).

Inconsistent definitions expressed in an adverb can indicate a sign in relation to quality, direction, time, mode of action: Between the windows stood a hussar with a ruddy face and bulging eyes (T.); They knew both lope with a lance, and cutting right and left with a saber (A.N.T.); Together with tea, they served us cutlets, soft-boiled eggs, butter, honey ... (T.).

Inconsistent definitions, expressed by the infinitive, serve to reveal the content of the subject, often denoted by an abstract noun: Thanks to the ability to quickly grasp and remember what he heard, he passed the exams with success (S.-Shch.); I could not stand it and ran out of the bushes onto the path, obeying a fiery desire to throw myself on my father's neck (Kor.).

Inconsistent definitions can be expressed by phraseologically and syntactically inseparable phrases.

In the sentence Tut, it’s true, you will read the vows in love to the grave (P.), the definition is expressed by the phraseological combination to the grave.

In the role of a definition expressed by a syntactically inseparable phrase, combinations of a noun in the genitive case with a quantitative numeral agreed with it most often act: A boy of about fifteen, curly and red-cheeked, sat as a coachman and with difficulty kept a well-fed piebald stallion (T.); combinations of a noun with an adjective in the instrumental case: He [Chelkash] immediately liked this healthy, good-natured guy with childish bright eyes (M. G.); - Here it is, then, as it happens - said the old Nikolaev soldier with a porous nose (Paust.), As well as phrases consisting of an adjective and a noun in the genitive case, in which it is impossible to separate the adjective due to the grammatical incompatibility of the genitive case of the name with the word being defined . In sentences: A man of average height (L.) got out of the boat; He was wearing a short coat of bronze color and a black cap (T.); He fastened the bekeshi hooks, pulled a soldier's artificial astrakhan hat over his eyebrows (A.N.T.); For three days in a row, this stocky figure and face of an oriental type (M. G.) attracted my attention; These were a husband, a wife, their boy of seven years of extraordinary beauty (Fed.) phrases of medium height, bronze color, artificial astrakhan fur, oriental type, extraordinary beauty are syntactically inseparable, since it is impossible to say a man of growth, a coat of color, a hat of astrakhan fur, a type face, beauty boy.

Less common are definitions expressed by syntactically inseparable phrases of other types. For example: A few minutes later we were at the fire in a circle of four shepherds dressed in sheepskins with wool up (M. G.); The upper heated water lies in a layer ten to twelve meters thick on deep cold water and does not mix with it at all (Paust.).

Inconsistent definitions quite often have a defining meaning not in its pure form, but a meaning complicated by other shades. Functional complication is especially typical for definitions expressed by prepositional-nominal combinations and adverbs, which, of course, is associated with their lexical and morphological structure. So, prepositional-nominal combinations in the attributive function can be complicated by adverbial meanings, for example, spatial ones: The employee at the table is tired of watching them ... (Already); temporary: This is my habit since childhood (T.), etc.

Definitions expressed by adverbs can also be functionally complicated. For example, the definitive-spatial meaning: The Germans hoped to enter Petrograd without much trouble. Their numerous agents were preparing a massacre in Petrograd - an explosion from the inside (A.N.T.); definitive-temporal meaning: The successful fishing of beluga in winter enriched the fishermen even more (Kupr.).

Applications

An application is a definition expressed by a noun that agrees with the word being defined in the case. When defining an object, the application gives it a different name. Applications can refer to any member of a sentence expressed by a noun, a personal pronoun, a substantiated participle and an adjective, as well as a substantiated numeral. For example: So lived Mikhail Vlasov, a locksmith, hairy, gloomy, with small eyes (M. G.); It was she, the Peterhof stranger (Paust.); The first, the eldest of all, Fedya, you would give fourteen years old (G.).

Applications can characterize the subject in relation to age, kinship, profession, specialty, occupation, national and social affiliation, etc.: We, workers, need to learn (M. G.); Here is our Zoechka, a waitress in the dining room (Gran.); And he gave the money to the mermaid for preservation, the things of my daughter (P.); During the war years, a concrete builder became a sapper soldier (B. Paul); may be the name of an object: And the steamer "Turgenev" was already considered by that time a ship, quite outdated (Cat.); can serve as a designation of the quality, properties of the object being defined: Dr. Hufeland, the miracle doctor sent by the Prussian king, looked in amazement at the head drowned in pillows, disfigured by old, long-healed wounds (Nikul.); And since ancient times, a fisherman, and a hard-working scientist, and a painter, and a poet have been bearing tribute to Baikal from the soul of his lover (Tvard.).

Applications can be expressed by nouns that have lost their specific meaning in the context and turned into demonstrative words (person, people, people, woman, business, etc.). With them, there must be explanatory words, in which the characteristic of the subject lies. For example: Sometimes, instead of Natasha, Nikolai Ivanovich appeared from the city, a man with glasses, with a small blond beard, a native of some distant province (M. G.); The coachman Yehudiel, an extremely slow man, heavy on his feet, reasonable and sleepy, stood at the gate and diligently regaled Bitch (T.) with tobacco; Engineer Kucherov, a bridge builder, sometimes drove through the village on a racing droshky or in a carriage, a stout, broad-shouldered, bearded man in a soft crumpled cap (Ch.).

When combining a proper noun (name of a person) and a common noun, a common noun usually acts as an application: In a frenzy, the sailor Pavlinov suffocated - a cheerful and mocking person (Paust.); It seemed to her that Rybin, an elderly man, was also unpleasant and insulting to listen to Pavel's speeches (M. G.).

However, if it is necessary to clarify the person, to specify it, as an application, a proper name can be used with a common noun. In this case, the sign of the face is of primary importance. For example: The rest of the brothers, Martyn and Prokhor, are similar to Alexei (Shol.) to the smallest detail.

Proper names - names used in a figurative sense (in quotes in writing), are always applications and stand in the form of the nominative case, regardless of the case form of the word being defined. For example: Among the seven hundred sailors who landed from the battleship Potemkin on the Romanian coast was Rodion Zhukov (Cat.).

The application can be attached to the word being defined with the help of explanatory unions, that is, or, like, etc.: The steppe, that is, a treeless and undulating endless plain, surrounded us (Ax.); Klavichek, as a baker by profession, was sent as an inspector to the supply department (N. Ostr.); This small courtyard, or chicken coop, was blocked by a wooden fence (T.); with the help of words, for example, by name, by nickname, and the like: Dear cook Ivan Ivanovich, nicknamed Bear Cub (M. G.), leads the kitchen; ... I had to become a footman to a Petersburg official, by the name of Orlov (Ch.).

Combinations of applications with defined words are distinguished from some combinations similar in form, the components of which are not connected by attributive relations. These include the following pair combinations: combinations of synonyms (stitches-paths, grass-ant, clan-tribe, time-time, mind-mind, wedding-marriage, chic-shine); combinations of antonyms (export-import, purchase and sale, questions-answers, income-expenses); combinations of words by association (name-patronymic, grandfathers-great-grandfathers, viburnum-raspberry, bread-salt, mushrooms-berries).

In addition, the components of some types of compound words are not applications (although they resemble them in form): b) complex words, part of which are evaluative words (firebird, good boy, boy-woman, unfortunate leader).

Agreed definitions are expressed by adjective participles, pronominal adjectives, ordinal numbers: Your joy and sorrow are joy and sorrow for me Goncharov. The meaning of the agreed definition as a secondary member of the sentence is determined by the lexical meaning of the word by which it is expressed. In modern Russian, the most common definitions are expressed by qualitative and relative adjectives.

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Definition agreed and inconsistent

Agreed definitionsare expressed by parts of speech related to the word being defined, and are able to become like it in number and case, and in the singular and in gender. Agreed definitions are expressed by adjectives, participles, pronominal adjectives, ordinal numbers: yours joy and sorrow - joy and sorrow for me (Goncharov). An adjective that is part of a phraseological unit (White Sea, New Year) should not be considered a definition.

The meaning of the agreed definition as a secondary member of the sentence is determined by the lexical meaning of the word by which it is expressed. In modern Russian, the most common definitions are expressed by qualitative and relative adjectives.

Definitions expressed by qualitative adjectives denote various features of an object, person or phenomenon. They may indicate signs of the spatial relationships of objects: Almost everything that was happening ahead (Simonov) was visible from the wide window; signs of a temporary relationship; properties of things perceived by the senses; physical properties of people, animals, insects.

Definitions expressed by relative adjectives denote various features of an object, person or phenomenon not directly, but through relation to other objects, as well as to a place, time (in accordance with the lexical meaning of the adjective). Relative adjectives can designate a sign of an object by material, by location, by time, a sign in its relation to a person, a sign in its relation to a concept.

Definitions expressed by possessive adjectives denote the belonging of the characterized object to a specific person. The meaning of belonging is also expressed by possessive pronouns: My labor is related to any labor (Mayakovsky).

Definitions expressed by demonstrative pronouns indicate the specificity of the object being defined: this the town he came from Moscow (Yu. Kazakov).

Indefinite pronouns in the role of a definition indicate the indefiniteness of the sign of an object (some kind of house).

Definitions expressed by definitive and negative pronouns designate properties and qualities in accordance with their inherent meanings: Almost no noise was heard all around (Turgenev).

Inconsistent definitionis associated with the word being defined using a control (birch branch) or adjunction (Turkish coffee). The inconsistent definition can be expressed in various ways. There is a large group of inconsistent definitions expressed by nouns in all oblique cases with prepositions: There was a threshold in three steps (Bunin).

Inconsistent definitions include definitions expressed by the personal pronoun of the 3rd person in the form of the genitive case in the possessive meaning, as well as the comparative degree of the adjective.

In the definition function, an adverb (for the future), as well as an infinitive can be used, which serves to explain the member of the sentence - an abstract noun: He had a weakness think that standing he retains more greatness (Novikov). Phraseological units also become inconsistent definitions (she did not like potatoes in uniform).

Inconsistent definitions denote various features of an object, person or phenomenon. So, an inconsistent definition expressed by a noun in the genitive case can characterize belonging. Inconsistent definitions, expressed by nouns in oblique cases with prepositions, also denote various signs - by material, by the presence of an external difference in the subject, by the purpose of the subject.

Inconsistent definitions, expressed by adjectives in a comparative degree, denote a qualitative feature of an object that is more or less characteristic of it than other objects: Baba, in a red skirt, in a white shirt, stands in a thicket of hemp higher her height (Bunin).

Inconsistent definitions, expressed by adverbs, denote a sign with the meaning of quality, image and mode of action, time.

Inconsistent definitions expressed by the infinitive help to reveal the content of the subject, which is indicated by an abstract noun: Having finally abandoned the thought learn his reasonable reading and writing, I began to teach him to sign mechanically (Kuprin).

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A definition is a minor member of a sentence that denotes a sign, quality, property of an object and answers the questions WHAT? WHOSE? WHICH? When parsing sentences, definitions are underlined with a wavy line.

Definitions are usually included as dependent words in phrases with nouns and can be associated with them by means of agreement (for example: BIG HOUSE, BEAUTIFUL GARDEN) or by means of control and adjunction (for example: MAN (what?) IN A HAT, ABILITY (what?) TO PLAY) . Definitions associated with nouns by agreement are called agreed, by means of control or adjunction - inconsistent.

Agreed definitions can be expressed by adjectives (NEW ROUTE), participles (MADE ROUTE), possessive pronouns (OUR ROUTE) and ordinal numbers (FIFTH ROUTE). An inconsistent definition can be expressed by a noun in oblique cases (HOUSE - what? - ON THE MOUNTAIN), a comparative degree of the adjective (I DID NOT SEE A STORM - what? - STRONGER), an infinitive (OPPORTUNITY - what? - TO STUDY) and a pronoun (HIS BOOK) .

Inconsistent definitions may combine their meaning with the meaning of circumstances and additions. Compare: HOUSE (where?) ON THE MOUNTAIN and HOUSE (what?) ON THE MOUNTAIN. Both questions are perfectly appropriate, and ON THE MOUNTAIN can be considered both a circumstance and a definition. Another example: MEET (with whom?) FRIENDS and MEET (what?) FRIENDS. In these phrases WITH FRIENDS it will be both an addition and a definition.

Isolation- this is the selection on the letter on both sides with punctuation marks (commas, dashes, brackets) of some part of the sentence.

Definitions are separated in accordance with the following rules.

1. An agreed definition is isolated, consisting of several words and referring to the previous noun. Compare two sentences:

Path, overgrown with grass led to the river.
overgrown with grass path led to the river.

2. An agreed definition relating to a personal pronoun is isolated, regardless of its place in the sentence and prevalence. For example:

Happy he
He, happy, told me about his successes.
Satisfied with your success he told me about them.
He, happy with your success told me about them.

Please note: in the example from the first paragraph of the rule, the phrase OVERGROWING WITH GRASS is marked with commas. If the definition has dependent words, then together they form definitive turnover.

This rule has three notes:

1. An agreed definition (both one-word and consisting of several words), referring to a noun and standing before it, can be isolated if it has an additional meaning of the reason (that is, it combines the meanings of the definition and the circumstance of the reason). For example:

Tired tourists decided to abandon the re-ascent.
Tired after a sleepless night tourists decided to abandon the re-ascent.

(In both sentences, the definition explains reason refusal to re-ascent.)

2. Definitions that come after the word being defined, but are closely related in meaning to it or to other members of the sentence, are not isolated. In such cases, if the definition is removed from the sentence, the phrase loses its meaning. For example:

He could hear things are rather unpleasant (Lermontov). Sea at his feet lay silent and white(Paustovsky).

3. A definition stands apart, wherever it appears, if it is separated from the word being defined by other words. For example:

In the end of January, covered with the first thaw, cherries smell good gardens(Sholokhov).

An exercise

They drank coffee in a gazebo on the shore of a wide lake dotted with islands (Pushkin).

Deeply offended, she sat down under the window and sat without undressing until late at night (Pushkin).

The old woman_ looking at him from behind the partition_ could not know whether he fell asleep or just thought (Pushkin).

The Foolovites, who were not strong in self-government, began to attribute this phenomenon to the mediation of some unknown force (Shchedrin).

Encased in granite_ the waves of the sea are suppressed by enormous weights_ sliding along their ridges_ they beat against the sides of ships, against the shores, they beat and grumble_ foamed_ polluted with various rubbish (Bitter).

In a long beak_ curved at the end_ the seagull held a small fish.

And either he made a grimace_ blinded by the setting sun_ or his face was generally characterized by a certain strangeness, only his lips seemed too short ... (Mann).

Children_ curious and inquisitive_ immediately noticed that something incomprehensible was going on in the city.

His father met him with a gloomy and surprised look.

He opened the notebook and drew two lines parallel to each other.

Draw an equilateral triangle with a side equal to five centimeters.

But now they did not speak for long, - that_ wise_ who did not interfere with their judgment_ spoke himself: “Stop! There is a punishment. This is a terrible punishment; you won't invent something like that in a thousand years!" (Bitter).

A small nocturnal bird, rushing inaudibly and low on its soft wings, almost stumbled upon me and timidly dived to the side (Turgenev).

Maybe it was a thorn or the tip of a nail_ of a collar that came out of the felt padding (Aitmatov).
Lying on his armor-hard back, he saw, as soon as he raised his head, his brown, convex, divided by arcuate scales_ belly, on the top of which he could barely hold_ a blanket that was about to finally slip off (Kafka).
In the bright dawn, the black tops of birches were drawn - thin, like letters (Pasternak).
The princess absolutely hates me, they have already told me two or three epigrams in my account_ rather caustic, but at the same time very flattering (Lermontov).
I still try to explain to myself what kind of feeling boiled in my chest then: it was the annoyance of offended pride, and contempt, and anger_ born at the thought that this man was now looking at me with such confidence, with such calm impudence_ two minutes ago ago, without exposing himself to any danger, he wanted to kill me like a dog, for if I had been wounded in the leg a little more, I would certainly have fallen off the cliff (Lermontov).
Grease the mold so that it does not rust, and clean the kitchen table, make a sauce from oxylithium hydrate_ diluted in a glass of fresh milk (Vian).
Staggering and panting, he finally went ashore, saw a dressing gown lying on the ground, picked it up and mechanically rubbed it until his stiff body warmed up (Hesse).
My father's elder brother, who died in 1813, intending to set up a village hospital, gave him as a boy to some doctor he knew to be trained in the art of paramedics (Herzen).
Who told you that there is no true, true, eternal love in the world? (Bulgakov).
But that's not all: the third in this company turned out to be a cat that came from nowhere, huge, like a hog, black, like soot or a rook ... (Bulgakov).
Winter evening on December 14_ thick_ dark_ frosty (Tynyanov).
The fields, all the fields, stretched all the way to the sky, now slightly rising, then lowering again; here and there one could see small forests, and ravines, dotted with sparse and low shrubs, twisted ... (Turgenev).
One_ black_ large and shabby_ was very similar to those rats that he saw on ships during his travels (Tournier).
Strangest of all are the incidents that happen on Nevsky Prospekt! (Gogol).
Dr. Budakh_ washed out_ dressed in everything clean_ carefully shaved_ looked very impressive (Strugatskys).

Definition- a minor member of the sentence, which denotes a sign of the subject and answers the questions what? which? whose?

Agreed definitions are expressed by adjectives, pronouns, participles, numerals that agree with the word being defined in gender, number, case. Our (whose? pronoun) nomadic (what? adjective) road winds two (how many? numeral) tracks.

Inconsistent definitions are expressed :

nouns with and without prepositions. The climate in St. Petersburg (can be replaced by the adjective St. Petersburg) is unimportant, damp.

- the comparative degree of the adjective. I have not seen a river (what?) more magnificent than the Yenisei.

- infinitive. The opportunity (what?) to know oneself is endless.

Before the word being defined, they are separated if it is:

participial construction or adjective with dependent words (or without), having an additional adverbial value ( causes, you can substitute conjunctions because, since or conditions you can substitute an alliance if): Quite fast for a forest river, the current twisted small funnels. (Yu. Nagibin.) - Since the current was quite fast, it twisted small funnels. Note: the adverbial meaning can also carry an inconsistent definition before the word being defined: In a new, plump padded jacket, in wadded trousers and a helmet, Borisov seemed fat and awkward. (M. Bubennov)

A definition (agreed and inconsistent) is always isolated if:

The definition refers to a personal pronoun: Bashful and timid by nature, she was annoyed at her shyness. (I. Turgenev).

The definition is separated from the word being defined by another word(s): The storm intensified, cheerful and mischievous ...

Application - a definition expressed by a noun, which gives another name that characterizes the subject.

The application stands apart with personal pronouns: Tears of humiliation, they were caustic. (K. Fedin);

The appendix is isolated after the word being defined: The mighty lion, the storm of the forests, has lost his strength. (I. Krylov.);

The application is isolated with the union as if it has an additional circumstantial meaning of the reason: You, as the initiator, must play a major role. (V. Panova.) Note: it is not isolated if the union can be replaced by a combination as: As a subject, the Russian language is an effective means of educating the younger generation.

A dash is put instead of a comma, if the appendix is at the end of the appendix, it has an explanatory character (it can be substituted, namely): A closet was placed nearby - a directory storage. (D. Granin.)

Please note that the rules for separating definitions and applications have a lot in common!

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In a sentence, in addition to the grammatical basis, there may be secondary members of the sentence that explain the subject or predicate. The subject is explained, as a rule, by definitions.

In a sentence, a definition explains a word with an objective meaning, which can be expressed by a noun, a pronoun, or a word of any part of speech in the meaning of a noun.

Depending on the word of which part of speech the definition is expressed, what kind of subordinating relationship exists between the main word and the dependent, agreed and inconsistent definitions are distinguished in the syntax of the Russian language.

Agreed definitions

Agreed definitions are so called because they are connected in the sentence with the subject or minor members by the subordinate connection of agreement.

Agreed definitions are, as a rule, the words of the following parts of speech and word forms:

pronouns-adjectives;
participles are single and with dependent words (participle turnover).

I see your lot on a bright forehead (A. S. Pushkin)

This sentence has agreed definitions expressed by adjectives:

A yellowish foam was carried along the river, similar to a downed squirrel (K. Paustovsky).

Through narrowed eyelids, he [the cat] watched the birds jumping on the ground, but they kept at a safe distance (M. Prishvin).

through the eyelids(ch.p. pl.) what? screwed up(c. p. pl. participles);
for the birds what? jumping on the ground- an agreed definition expressed by participial turnover;
at a distance what? safe(p.p. singular cf. adjective).

Inconsistent definitions are expressed by words of different parts of speech, for example:

1. noun, pronoun in the form of an indirect case with or without a preposition

Huge dark green leaves of white water lilies floated on the surface of the water.

In this proposal, apart from the agreed definitions ( huge dark green leaves, white water lilies) we indicate a number of inconsistent, related to the noun way of control:

His whole face was small, thin, freckled (I. S. Turgenev)

Face whose? his(possessive pronoun in the form of singular singular)

The wardrobe (what?) of ebony was huge (Boris Pasternak. Doctor Zhivago).

4. Inconsistent definition - adverb

2.3.1. Definition and its varieties. Delimitation of definitions from other members of sentences

1. Definition- is a minor member of the sentence, which means object attribute and answers the questions what? whose?

For example: stone(which?) house; house(which?) from stone; checkered(which?) the dress; the dress(which?) in a cell; mother's(whose?) sweater; sweater(whose?) mothers.

2. A definition always refers to a noun, a noun pronoun, or another word that takes on the meaning of a noun.

If questions which? whose? are given from the verb, then the word that answers this question is the nominal part of the predicate.

3. According to the way of expression, definitions are divided into two types:

agreed definitions;
inconsistent definitions.

Agreed definitions agree with the main (defined) word in gender, number and case.

Wed: motherland; native land; in native lands.

In direct word order, agreed definitions come before the main word.

Ways of expressing an agreed definition

Inconsistent definitions associated with the main word with:

management- the addition is placed at the main word in a certain case.

Wed: stone house; in a house made of stone;

adjoining- an object is an invariable part of speech or an invariable form.

Wed: soft-boiled egg; sideways hat; her dress.

Inconsistent definitions in direct word order are after the main word. The exception is the possessive pronouns his, her, them, which take a position before the main word.

Ways of expressing inconsistent definitions

4. Since inconsistent definitions can be expressed by different parts of speech, to which appropriate morphological questions can be asked (cf.: furniture(what? / from what?) from birch; pursuit(what? / what to do?) see; turn(what? / where?) left), sometimes it is quite difficult to distinguish between inconsistent definitions and additions, circumstances.

Ways to distinguish between inconsistent definitions and additions, circumstances

1) Many (but not all!) inconsistent definitions can be replaced by consistent definitions.

Wed: mother's jacket - mother's jacket; checkered dress - checkered dress; crystal vase - crystal vase; commander's order - commander's order; a three-year-old girl - a three-year-old girl; friendship relations - friendly relations; court decision - a court decision; boat with a sail - a sailboat.

Note. Please note that it is not always possible to replace inconsistent definitions with consistent definitions ( cream jar, pleated skirt, desire to know, turn left). Therefore, the absence of a replacement does not yet indicate that this form is not a definition.

2) The definition points to the attribute, while the complement points to the object.

For example:
The man was walking with a suitcase.
I got in line for a man with a suitcase.

In the first sentence ( The man was walking with a suitcase) the addition with the suitcase refers to the verb-predicate (the definition cannot refer to the verb!) and indicates the object of the subject's action. In the second sentence ( I stood in line for a man with a suitcase) the same form with a suitcase is a definition, since "suitcase" is not an object, but a sign by which a given man can be distinguished from another man.

The same can be demonstrated with examples: lady in a hat a man of great intelligence; polka dot blouse. The presence of a “hat” is a hallmark of a lady; the presence of a “big mind” is a hallmark of a person; the presence of “peas” on a blouse is a hallmark of a blouse.

3) If in a sentence a noun with a preposition or an adverb refers to the verb and is a circumstance, then with a noun they usually become an inconsistent definition, indicating the attribute of an object by position in space, by time, by purpose, by reason, etc.

Wed: Bench stands(where?) at home. - On the bench(which?) three girlfriends were sitting at the house; We entered(where?) to the hall. - Entrance(which?) the hall was closed.

4) The most frequent forms and meanings of inconsistent definitions are as follows:

Agreed and inconsistent definitions

We distinguish minor members in the proposal - agreed and inconsistent definitions.

adjectives;
ordinal numbers;

Lot which? your(sp. singular m.p. possessive pronoun).

The softest and most touching poems, books and paintings were written by Russian poets, writers and artists about autumn (K. Paustovsky).

poems(noun in the form of im.p. pl.) what? the softest and most touching(the form of im.p. pl. of the superlative degree of the adjective);
poets(etc. pl.) what kind? Russians(etc. pl.).

We will keep in mind that non-isolated and isolated definitions, expressed by turns with the main word in the form of an adjective or participle, are one member of the sentence - an agreed definition.

In bright stripes, gray-gray winters covered with night dew go into the distance.

Ozimi which? gray, covered with night dew- agreed homogeneous definitions expressed by adjectives and participles.

Inconsistent definitions

Inconsistent definitions do not coincide in grammatical form with nouns (pronouns, etc.). They are associated with the main word by a subordinating connection of control, less often, by a way of adjoining.

on the surface(pp. sg. f.r.) whose? water(r.p. unit h.f.r.);
leaves(s.p. pl.) whose? water lily(r. p. pl.).

2. Inconsistent definition - a syntactically indivisible phrase (noun and adjective, noun and numeral)

A boy (what?) about twelve years old ran out to meet the guests.

3. The simple form of the comparative degree of the adjective acts as an inconsistent definition

One of the girls, (what?) older, barely paid attention to me (A.P. Chekhov).

A playful summer breeze flew wide open through the windows (what?) and began to blow the curtains with a sail.

5. The indefinite form of the verb (infinitive) explains the noun.

The desire (what?) to win, according to contemporaries, was the main quality of the commander A. Suvorov.

The simple form of the comparative degree of the adjective, adverb and infinitive are attached to the main word by adjunction.

Separate agreed and inconsistent definitions

1. As a rule, they are separated (separated by a comma, and in the middle of a sentence are separated by commas on both sides) agreed common definitions expressed by a participle or an adjective with words dependent on them and standing after the word being defined, for example: Poplars covered with dew filled the air with a delicate aroma (Chekhov); Pale light, like water slightly diluted with blue, flooded the eastern part of the horizon (Paustovsky).

Note. Agreed common definitions are not isolated:

a) standing in front of the noun being defined (if they do not have additional adverbial shades of meaning, see below, paragraph 6.), for example: The detachment that left early in the morning has already passed four miles (L. Tolstoy);
b) standing after the noun being defined, if the latter in itself in this sentence does not express the desired meaning and needs to be defined, for example: He could hear things that are rather unpleasant for himself if Grushnitsky had unequally guessed the truth (Lermontov) (the combination could hear things not expresses the desired concept); Chernyshevsky created a highly original and extremely remarkable work (Pisarev); It was an unusually kind smile, wide and soft, like that of an awakened child (Chekhov); Division is the opposite of multiplication; We often fail to notice the more essential things;
c) related in meaning and grammatically both with the subject and with the predicate, for example: The moon rose very purple and gloomy, as if sick (Chekhov); Even birches and mountain ash stood sleepy in the sultry languor surrounding them (Mamin-Sibiryak); Foliage from under the feet comes out tightly packed, gray (Prishvin); The sea at his feet lay silent and white from the cloudy sky (Paustovsky). Usually such constructions are formed with verbs of motion and state, acting as a significant connective, for example: I returned home tired; In the evening, Ekaterina Dmitrievna came running from the Law Club excited and joyful (A.N. Tolstoy). If a verb of this type in itself serves as a predicate, then the definition is isolated, for example: Trifon Ivanovich won two rubles from me and left, very pleased with his victory (Turgenev);
d) expressed in a complex form of the comparative or superlative degree of the adjective, since such forms do not form a turnover and act as an indivisible member of the sentence, for example: The guest watched with wariness much more convincing than the hospitality shown by the host; The author suggested a shorter version; The most urgent messages are published. Wed (if there is a turnover): In the circle closest to the bride were her two sisters (L. Tolstoy).

2. Participles and adjectives with dependent words after an indefinite pronoun are usually not isolated, since they form one whole with the previous pronoun, for example: Her large eyes, filled with inexplicable sadness, seemed to be looking for something similar to hope in mine (Lermontov ). But if the semantic connection between the pronoun and the definition following it is less close and there is a pause when reading after the pronoun, then isolation is possible, for example: And someone, sweating and out of breath, runs from store to store. (V. Panova) (two single definitions are separated, see below, p. 4).

3. Definitive, demonstrative and possessive pronouns are not separated by a comma from the participial phrase following them, closely adjoining it, for example: All factual data published in the book were checked by the author; In this corner forgotten by people, I rested all summer; Your handwritten lines were hard to read. Compare: Everything laughing, cheerful, marked with the stamp of humor was little available to him (Korolenko); Dasha was waiting for everything, but not this obediently bowed head (A.N. Tolstoy).

But if the definitive pronoun is substantivized or if the participial turnover has the character of clarification or explanation (see § 96, paragraph 3), then the definition is isolated, for example: Everything connected with the railway is still fanned for me by the poetry of travel (Paustovsky); I wanted to distinguish myself in front of this, dear to me, person. (Bitter).

Note. It is not uncommon for sentences with agreed definitions to allow variant punctuation. Compare: That middle one over there plays better than the others (that one is the definition with the substantivized word middle). - That one, the middle one, plays better than the others (the substantiated word that is the subject, with it a separate definition is average).

A common definition is not separated by a comma from the previous negative pronoun, for example: No one admitted to the Olympiad solved the last problem; These dishes are not comparable to anything served under the same name in vaunted taverns (although such constructions are very rare).

4. Two or more agreed single definitions are separated after the noun being defined, if the latter is preceded by another definition, for example: . Favorite faces, dead and alive, come to mind. (Turgenev); . Long clouds, red and purple, guarded his [the sun's] rest. (Chekhov).

In the absence of a previous definition, two subsequent single definitions are separated or not separated depending on the author's intonation-semantic load, as well as their location (definitions standing between the subject and the predicate are separated). Wed:

one) . I especially liked the eyes, big and sad (Turgenev); And the Cossacks, both on foot and on horseback, acted on three roads to three gates (Gogol); Mother, sad and anxious, sat on a thick bundle and was silent. (Gladkov);
2) Under this thick gray overcoat, a passionate and noble heart beat (Lermontov); I walked along the clean, smooth path, did not inherit (Yesenin); Led a bow on the violin of an old gypsy, lean and gray-haired (Marshak).

5. An agreed single (non-spread) definition is separated:

1) if it carries a significant semantic load and can be equated in meaning with a subordinate clause, for example: The caretaker, sleepy, appeared at his cry (Turgenev);
2) if it has an additional circumstantial meaning, for example: It is impossible for a young man who is in love not to blurt out, and I confessed everything to Rudin (Turgenev) (cf.: “if he is in love”); Lyubochka's veil clings again, and two young ladies, excited, run up to her (Chekhov);
3) if the definition is torn off in the text from the noun being defined, for example: The eyes closed and, half-closed, also smiled (Turgenev);
4) if the definition has a clarifying meaning, for example: And five minutes later it was already pouring heavy rain, oblique (Chekhov).

Note. A separate definition may refer to a noun that is absent in this sentence, but perceived from the context, for example: Look - out, dark, running through the steppe (Bitter).

6. Agreed common or single definitions standing directly before the noun being defined are isolated if they have an additional adverbial meaning (causal, conditional, concessive, temporary), for example: Accompanied by an officer, the commandant entered the house (Pushkin); Stunned by the impact of the cargo fist, Bulanin at first staggered in place, not understanding anything (Kuprin); Tired to the last degree, the climbers could not continue their ascent; Left to their own devices, children will find themselves in a difficult position; A wide, free, alley leads into the distance (Bryusov); Disheveled, unwashed, Nejdanov looked wild and strange (Turgenev); Knowing real village life well, Bunin literally became furious at the far-fetched, unreliable portrayal of the people. (L. Krutikova); Tired of their mother's cleanliness, the children learned to be cunning (V. Panova); Embarrassed, Mironov bowed at his back (Gorky).

7. An agreed common or single definition is isolated if it is torn off from the noun being defined by other members of the sentence (regardless of whether the definition is in front of or after the word being defined), for example: And again, cut off from the tanks by fire, the infantry lay down on a bare slope. (Sholokhov); Spread out on the grass, well-deserved shirts and trousers were drying. (V. Panova); Behind the noise, they did not immediately hear a knock on the window - persistent, solid (Fedin) (several isolated definitions, more often at the end of a sentence, can be separated by a dash).

8. Agreed definitions related to the personal pronoun are separated, regardless of the degree of prevalence and location of the definition, for example: Lulled by sweet hopes, he slept soundly (Chekhov); He turned and left, and I, confused, remained next to the girl in the empty hot steppe (Paustovsky); From him, jealous, having locked himself in a room, you remember me, lazy, with a kind word (Simonov).

Note. Definitions with a personal pronoun are not isolated:

a) if the definition is meaningfully and grammatically connected both with the subject and with the predicate (cf. above, paragraph 1, note “c”), for example: We dispersed satisfied with our evening (Lermontov); He comes out of the back rooms already completely upset. (Goncharov); We ran to the hut soaked through (Paustovsky); She came home upset, but not discouraged (G Nikolaeva);
b) if the definition is in the form of an accusative case (such a construction, with a touch of obsolescence, can be replaced by a modern construction with an instrumental case), for example: I found him ready to hit the road (Pushkin) (cf. "I found him ready. "); And then he saw him lying on a hard bed in the house of a poor neighbor (Lermontov); See also: And the police beat her drunk on the cheeks (Gorky);
c) in exclamatory sentences like: Oh, you're cute! Oh, I'm clueless!

9. Inconsistent definitions expressed by indirect cases of nouns (often with a preposition) are usually isolated in artistic speech if the meaning they express is emphasized, for example: Officers, in new frock coats, white gloves and shiny epaulettes, flaunted the streets and boulevard (L. Tolstoy ); A plump woman, with her sleeves rolled up and her apron held up, was standing in the middle of the yard. (Chekhov); Five, without frock coats, in the same vests, played. (Goncharov). But compare: The best man in a top hat and white gloves, out of breath, throws off his coat in the front (Chekhov); In another photograph, above the carcass of a dead wild boar, there was a man with a mustache and sleek hair (Bogomolov).

In the neutral style of speech, there is a steady tendency towards the absence of isolation of such definitions, for example: teenagers in knitted hats and down jackets, permanent residents of underground passages.

Note. Inconsistent definitions can also stand before the noun being defined, for example: In a white tie, in a dandy overcoat, with a string of stars and crosses on a gold chain in a tailcoat loop, the general was returning from dinner, alone (Turgenev).

Typically, such inconsistent definitions are pegged (the pegging of inconsistent definitions in all of the following cases is affected by their location):

a) if they refer to their own name, for example: Sasha Berezhnova, in a silk dress, in a cap on the back of her head and in a shawl, was sitting on the sofa (Goncharov); Elizaveta Kievna, with red hands, in a man's dress, with a pitiful smile and meek eyes, did not come out of her memory (A.N. Tolstoy); Fair-haired, with a curly head, without a hat and with a shirt unbuttoned on his chest, Dymov seemed handsome and unusual (Chekhov);
b) if they refer to a personal pronoun, for example: I am surprised that you, with your kindness, do not feel this (L. Tolstoy); . Today she, in a new blue bonnet, was especially young and impressively beautiful (Gorky);
c) if separated from the word being defined by any other members of the sentence, for example: After dessert, everyone moved to the buffet, where, in a black dress, with a black mesh on her head, Karolina sat and watched with a smile as they looked at her (Goncharov) ( regardless of whether the word being defined is expressed by a proper or common name); On his ruddy face, with a straight large nose, bluish eyes shone severely (Bitter);
d) if they form a series of homogeneous members with previous or subsequent separate agreed definitions, for example: I saw a peasant, wet, in tatters, with a long beard (Turgenev); With bony shoulder blades, with a bump under his eye, bent over and obviously afraid of the water, he was a funny figure (Chekhov) (regardless of what part of speech the defined word is expressed).

Inconsistent definitions are often isolated in the names of persons by degree of kinship, profession, position, etc., because due to the significant specificity of such nouns, the definition serves the purpose of an additional message, for example: Grandfather, in a grandmother's katsaveyka, in an old cap without a visor, squints, which - something smiles (Bitter); The headman, in boots and an overcoat, with tags in his hand, noticing the priest from afar, took off his bright hat (L. Tolstoy).

The isolation of an inconsistent definition can serve as a means of deliberately separating a given turnover from a neighboring predicate, to which it could be related in meaning and syntactically, and referring it to the subject, for example. Women, with a long rake in their hands, wander into the field (Turgenev); The painter, drunk, drank a tea glass of varnish instead of beer (Bitter). Wed also: . It seemed to Mercury Avdeevich that stars were growing in the sky and the whole courtyard, with buildings, rose and went soundlessly to the sky (Fedin) (without isolation, the combination with buildings would not play the role of a definition).

10. Inconsistent definitions are separated, expressed by a turnover with the form of the comparative degree of the adjective, if the noun being defined is usually preceded by an agreed definition, for example: A force stronger than his will threw him out of there (Turgenev); A short beard, slightly darker than hair, slightly shaded the lips and chin (A.K. Tolstoy); Another room, almost twice as large, was called the hall. (Chekhov).

In the absence of a previous agreed definition, the inconsistent definition, expressed by the comparative degree of the adjective, is not isolated, for example: But at another time there was no person more active than him (Turgenev).

11. Inconsistent definitions are separated and separated with a dash, expressed by the indefinite form of the verb, before which the words “namely” can be put without prejudice to the meaning, for example:. I came to you with pure motives, with the only desire - to do good! (Chekhov); But this lot is beautiful - to shine and die (Bryusov).

If such a definition is in the middle of a sentence, then it is highlighted with a dash on both sides, for example:. Each of them decided this issue - to leave or stay - for themselves, for their loved ones (Ketlinskaya). But if, according to the context, there should be a comma after the definition, then the second dash is usually omitted, for example: Since there was only one choice - to lose the army and Moscow or one Moscow, then the field marshal had to choose the latter (L. Tolstoy).

The attachment of definitions to words of subjective meaning (primarily nouns) forms their main function - naming the attribute of an object. By virtue of the same attachment, definitions (if they do not lose their defining function) cannot occupy the positions of determining members in the sentence, i.e.

The dependent component of the phrase is always duplicated, but often with more specific semantics, cf.: Children entered the first grade; The ninth this year became the first class in academic performance.

According to the nature of the syntactic connection of the definition with the word being defined, all definitions are divided into agreed and inconsistent.

Agreed definitions are expressed by those parts of speech that, referring to the word being defined, can be likened to it in number and case, and in the singular - in gender. They can be expressed by adjectives: The door to the damp porch dissolved again (A.K.T.); communion: My steps resounded dully in the freezing air (T.); pronominal adjective: Our fortress stood on a high place (L.); ordinal number: The second boy, Pavlusha, had tousled hair (T.); A carriage was waiting outside the third gate (Nab.); quantitative numeral one: I knew only one thought power, one, but a fiery passion (L.).

The specific meanings of agreed definitions are very diverse and depend on the lexical meaning of the word by which they are expressed. Definitions expressed by qualitative adjectives denote the quality, color of an object: She was tormented by a thirst for fame, and the terrible power of self-sacrifice, and insane courage, and a feeling of childish mischievous, piercing happiness (Fad.); It was a clean, blue lake, with an unusual expression of water (Nab.). Definitions, expressed by relative adjectives, indicate the attribute of an object at its location and time: Yesterday we spent in the forest on our long-range batteries (Inb.); The village library was near the school; a sign of an object by material: Through a frequent net of rain one could see a hut with a plank roof and two pipes (T.); affiliation: The dead man did not let the regimental banner out of his hands. Definitions expressed by possessive adjectives, as well as possessive pronouns, denote belonging: His grandfather's face leaned over his face (M. G.); Farewell, sea! I will not forget your solemn beauty and for a long, long time I will hear your rumble in the evening hours (P.). Definitions expressed by indefinite pronouns indicate the uncertainty of the subject in relation to quality, property, belonging, etc.: Occasionally, as if from someone's touch, I raised my head (Past.); Tell me some news (L.). Definitions, expressed by negative and attributive pronouns, denote distinguishing and amplifying features: He knew every person, every family, every alley of this large working outskirts (Kat.); For a long time I did not find any game (T.). Definitions expressed by ordinal numbers indicate the order of the subject when counting: Sukhoedov (Pan.) was on duty in the ninth carriage.

Definitions expressed by participles can indicate a sign that is the result of some action: The fallen trees lay flat, without any relief, and those that remained standing, also flat, with a side shadow along the trunk for the illusion of being round, barely holding on to the torn nets of the sky with their branches ( Embankment).

Inconsistent definitions, in contrast to agreed ones, are associated with the word being defined by the method of control (poet's poems, a boat with sails) or adjoining (riding at a pace, desire to learn). They can be expressed by nouns without prepositions (in the genitive and instrumental cases) and with prepositions (in all oblique cases): A light gust of wind woke me up (T.); A wet, woolly-gray sky rubs against the window leaf (Past.); He wore work overalls, changed his mustache with a ring to a mustache with a brush (Fed.); The matter of the inheritance is holding me back for a long time (A.N.T.); He was wearing a colorful cotton shirt with a yellow border (T.); And what did he see, the dead Falcon, in this desert without bottom and edge? (M. G.); Next to him walked Fedyushka in his father's cap (Ch.); personal pronoun in the genitive case (in the possessive meaning): There was so much longing in his eyes that it could have poisoned all the people of the world with it (M. G.); comparative degree of the adjective: There were no bigger and more important events in the history of mankind (A.N.T.); adverb: There are, however, incredible cases when stearin candles and soft-boiled boots are obtained (G. Usp.); indefinite form of the verb: He went with a step to the right and sent an adjutant to the dragoons with an order to attack the French (L.T.).

Inconsistent definitions expressed by a noun in the genitive case without a preposition can indicate belonging: Kutuzov's face, standing at the door of the office, remained completely motionless for several moments (L.T.); attitude to the team, institution, etc.: The blacksmith of the Putilov factory Ivan Gora was cleaning his rifle (A.N.T.); producer of action: Less and less often, quieter and more distantly, one hears the creak of wheels, then a gentle Little Russian song, then the sonorous neighing of horses, then fuss and the last chirping of sleeping birds (Kupr.); a sign according to its bearer: A horse and a rider dived from a dilapidated barrack into the darkness of the forest (N. Ostr.); the relation of the whole to the part, which is indicated by the word being defined: You are a little cold, you cover your face with an overcoat collar (T.), etc.

Inconsistent definitions expressed by a noun in oblique cases with prepositions can denote various signs. Sign by material: On an immaculately clean table, black marble writing instruments were arranged with deathly accuracy, folders made of shiny cardboard lay (A.N.T.); a sign by the presence of some external feature in the object, details: ... A minute later, a young man in a military overcoat and a white cap entered the caretaker (P.); I went up to a stranger in a fur coat and saw him (Cupr.); People with whiskers stood at the gunwale and smoked pipes (Paust.); a sign of belonging in the broad sense of the word: Huge boilers from military ships were buried under snowdrifts (A.N.T.); a sign that characterizes an object in a spatial sense: A girl was standing by the jamb in the kitchen (M. G.); Chelkash crossed the road and sat down on the bedside table opposite the doors of the tavern (M. G.); a sign indicating the contents of the object: From sleep, sits in an ice bath (P.); a sign that limits the subject in any respect: Before dawn in a dark cave, the famous golden eagle hunter Khali tells me about eagles (Prishv.); a sign indicating the purpose of the object: Everything froze on the benches for the public (M. G.), etc.

Inconsistent definitions, expressed by the infinitive, serve to reveal the content of the subject, denoted by an often abstract noun: Thanks to the ability to quickly grasp and remember what he heard, he passed the exams (S.-Shch.); I could not stand it and ran out of the bushes onto the path, obeying a fiery desire to throw myself on my father's neck (Kor.).

Inconsistent definitions can be expressed by phraseological combinations, as well as syntactically inseparable phrases. In the sentence Tut, it’s true, you will read the vows in love to the grave (P.), the definition is expressed by the phraseological combination to the grave.

In the role of a definition expressed by a syntactically inseparable phrase, combinations of a noun in the genitive case with a quantitative numeral agreed with it most often act: A boy of about fifteen, curly and red-cheeked, sat as a coachman and with difficulty kept a well-fed piebald stallion (T.); combinations of a noun with an adjective in the instrumental case: He [Chelkash] immediately liked this healthy, good-natured guy with childish bright eyes (M. G.), “Here it is, then, as it happens,” said the old Nikolaev soldier with a spongy nose (Paust. ). Phrases consisting of adjectives and nouns in the genitive case are syntactically inseparable, in which it is impossible to separate the adjective, since it is in it that the designation of the delimiting feature is contained. In sentences, a man of medium height (L.) came out of the boat; He was wearing a short coat of bronze color and a black cap (T.); He fastened the bekeshi hooks, pulled a soldier's artificial astrakhan hat over his eyebrows (A.N.T.); For three days in a row, this stocky figure and face of an oriental type (M. G.) attracted my attention; They were a husband, wife, their boy of seven years of extraordinary beauty (Fed.); Boys close to my age were thirteen years old (Past.) The phrases of medium height, bronze color, artificial astrakhan fur, oriental type, extraordinary beauty, close age are syntactically inseparable.

Inconsistent definitions quite often have a definitive meaning with shades of other meanings. Functional complication is especially typical for definitions expressed by prepositional-nominal combinations and adverbs, which, of course, is associated with their lexical and morphological nature.

The contradiction revealed here between the specific meaning of the dependent word form (spatial, temporal) and its relation to the word form of objective meaning (attributive) is resolved in the functional combination of two members in one. So, prepositional-nominal combinations in the attributive function can be complicated by adverbial meanings - spatial: I rented a room with a window on the Kremlin (Past.); temporary: This is my habit since childhood (T.); object meaning: At the battery heights, people with spyglasses were slightly distinguishable (Past.).

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