OGE in Literature is one of the optional final exams at the end of the 9th grade. The exam itself, although it bears the name of the test, actually comes down to only five questions, each of which involves writing a short essay or a detailed answer. The main part of the exam is an essay in a form similar to the final exam in the 9th grade before the introduction of the OGE in literature.
After reviewing the general information about the exam, you can immediately begin to prepare. The 2018 KIM OGE variant does not differ much from the 2017 variant. The main change is that the maximum primary score for completing the entire job has been increased from 23 to 29. Other changes .
The structure of the OGE test
The OGE test in literature consists of two parts.
- Part 1 consists of two versions: one contains a fragment of a prose work, and the other contains a poem. You choose what to analyze. Analysis is detailed answers to 3 questions. In the first two, you write your thoughts on 3–5 sentences, and in the third, you still need to compare the work given in the test with another, and therefore 5–8 sentences are allotted for it.
- Part 2 is a short essay on one of the four proposed topics, the volume of the essay is at least 200 words. Topics relate to the works of the school curriculum; no passages, chapters or fragments are given. In the process of writing an essay, you can use the full texts of the works.
Preparation for the OGE
Trial OGE in literature online
On our website you can take OGE tests online for free without registration and SMS. At the moment, the section is being updated, and over time, new tests will appear in it for the entire period of the OGE. The presented tests are identical in their complexity and structure to the real exams held in the corresponding years.
Detailed analysis deployed answers part 1 and compositions of part 2 based on the demonstration material of 2017.
Demo versions of the OGE
In the demo section of the OGE, you can download tests for free for 2009 - 201 7 years.
All the above tests were developed and approved for preparation for the state final certification in the 9th grade by the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI).
Daria Ulyanova:
THEY SAY IT'S DIFFICULT, BUT IT'S NOT SO
I started preparing for the exam six months in advance. The main thing you need to know is the terms, for example, what is a story, a fairy tale, a novel. If you are not preparing at all, then remember that in the OGE in literature, basically, the eighth-ninth grade.
If you want to get the maximum score, you need to start preparing at least a year in advance. I was very worried that I would write poorly, because I took the test at another school, but when I sat down, I was surprised how easy everything was. I did it in 40-50 minutes and left.
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The most important thing is to know the writers and what they talked about. The exam consists of three parts: compare two poems, find epithets in it, personification and other means of expressiveness of speech and composition.
In my opinion, it is necessary to correctly express your thoughts in an essay - this is a big plus. In schools, they always scare you about exams, they say that everything is very difficult, but this is not so.
Alena Grossman:
IN AN ESSAY IT IS NOT NEEDED TO "POUR WATER"
I started preparing for the exam by reading the entire list of recommended literature and the analysis of these works, and getting acquainted with the biographies of poets and writers. Learned all the terms. Then I looked at the kims themselves. All tasks were taken from the FIPI website.
I started preparing in September. At first I studied with a tutor to understand what and how to write, and after that I did everything myself. It is very important to be able to see the problems of the work and analyze it. It is difficult to remember something with such a volume of information and not confuse anything.
For me, the exam went smoothly. You need to focus and not panic if you don’t know something. You should start with the task that seems easier than the others. There is no need to “pour water” in the essay. Speak strictly to the point and use literary terminology. Of course, literacy is important.
Enough time is given to write everything, check it and transfer it to the answer sheet.
Ekaterina Shuklina:
BE CAREFUL
I started preparing in November. First, I decided which version I would write from the first part. Before me was a choice between lyrics and prose. I chose the first one because it is closer to me. A literature teacher helped me, we analyzed all the possible options from the first part, and I wrote the essay on my own at home, after which the teacher checked it.
I learned all the literary terms, read the biographies of writers. Before the exam, I read a summary of the works that we studied at school, watched retellings on YouTube.
At the exam, I was very worried, because of which there were difficulties with attentiveness. I even answered the question incorrectly due to the fact that I didn’t read something in the assignment.
While writing the essay, I liked the fact that you could ask the viewer for any work.
The most important advice is to be careful and not to worry. This will not lead to good.
Tasks 1.1.3, 1.2.3 and criteria for their verification and
evaluation
The last task of part 1 (1.1.3 or 1.2.3) is a task of an increased level of complexity and requires writing, based on the texts given in the work, a detailed connected answer of 5–8 sentences (the indication of the volume is conditional).
The task involves comparing two texts (text fragments) in the indicated direction, independently extracting information from the material proposed for comparison, finding grounds for building a comparative analysis within the framework of the perspective specified in the task.
Before completing this task, it is necessary to carefully read the text proposed for comparison, to understand its connection with the main text. Task 1.1.3 (1.2.3) aims the examinee at a transformative reproduction or some interpretation of the information contained in the texts.
The fulfillment of task 1.1.3 (1.2.3) is evaluated according to the following universal generalized criteria, which do not depend on the content of specific texts.
Criteria for checking and evaluating the performance of comparative tasks 1.1.3 and 1.2.3, requiring writing a coherent answer of 5–8 sentences
Indication of the volume is conditional; the assessment of the answer depends on its content (with deep knowledge, the examinee can answer in a larger volume; with the ability to accurately formulate his thoughts, the examinee can answer quite fully in a smaller volume). If, when checking the task of the specified group, the expert gives 0 points according to the first criterion, the task is considered not completed and is not evaluated according to other criteria (0 points are given in the protocol for checking answers).
Criteria | Points |
1. The ability to compare works of art | |
a) the examinee compares the texts in the direction indicated in the assignment analysis, is able to build a comparative characteristic | |
b) the examinee compares the texts in the direction indicated in the task analysis, but allows violations in the construction of a comparative characteristic | |
c) the examinee, comparing the texts, does not follow the instructions specified in the task direction of analysis; and (or) does not demonstrate the ability to build a comparative characteristic | |
2. The depth of the judgments made and the persuasiveness of the arguments | |
a) the examinee gives a direct coherent answer to the question, based on the author's position (when analyzing poems, taking into account the author's intention), if necessary, formulates his point of view, argues for his thesis confirms his thoughts with the text, without replacing the analysis with a retelling of the text; there are no factual errors or inaccuracies | |
b) the examinee understands the essence of the question, but does not give a direct answer to it; and (or) is limited to the presentation of its point of view; and (or) not all theses are argued; and (or) partly replaces the analysis with a retelling of the text; and/or makes 1-2 factual errors | |
c) the examinee does not cope with the task: does not give an answer to the question; and (or) replaces the analysis with a retelling of the text; and (or) makes more than 2 factual errors | |
3. Following the rules of speech | |
a) no more than 2 speech errors were made; | |
b) more than 2 speech errors were made | |
Maximum score |
Thus, the graduate should be able to:
1. Compare texts bythe direction indicated in the assignment analysis.
2. Build a comparative characteristic.
3. Know the content and problems of the work as a whole (or the features of the poet's work).
4. Understand the problems of the text proposed for comparison.
5. Give a meaningful justification for comparison.
6. Give convincing arguments.
8. Formulate your own justified position (if required by the specifics of a particular task).
9. Do not replace reasoning with a retelling of the text.
10. Own theoretical and literary concepts.
11. Make out the answer in accordance with speech norms.
Examples of task formulations 1.2.3.
- Compare the poem "Sea" by V.A. Zhukovsky with the poem by F.I. Tyutchev "Sea and cliff". What is the differenceimage of the seain these works?
- Compare the poem by A.S. Pushkin "To the Sea" with a poem by A.N. Apukhtin "Farewell to the village", given below. In both works it sounds farewell theme. What is the difference between these farewells?
- Compare the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “No, I don’t love you so passionately ...” with the poem by A.K. Tolstoy "With a gun behind his shoulders, alone, by the moon ...". What kindmotives and images bring togethert these poems?
- Compare the poem by A.S. Pushkin "To Chaadaev" with a poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Farewell, unwashed Russia ...". What do you seedifferences in the mood of lyrical heroesthese works?
- Compare the fable of I.A. Krylov "Donkey and Nightingale" with the poem below by A.S. Pushkin "The Poet and the Crowd". Whichissues uniteboth works?
- Compare the poem by V.A. Zhukovsky "The Unspeakable" with a poem by F.I. Tyutchev "Silentium". What kind ideas bring together these poems?
- Compare the poems of M.Yu. Lermontov "Death of a Poet" and F.I. Tyutchev "January 29, 1837", dedicated to the death of A.S. Pushkin. Howcomprehension differstwo poets of the essence of the tragedy that happened?
The main theoretical and literary concepts:
theme, problem, idea, comprehension, representation of the author; motive, image; lyrical hero, state of mind of a lyrical hero, mood of a lyrical hero.
Work algorithm
- Read the assignment carefully.
- Highlight the key words in the sentence.
- Remember the literary concepts that are required to complete the assignment.
- Find grounds for comparison in the texts.
- Build a comparison.
Example.
Compare the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Poet" with the following poem by F.I. Tyutchev "Poetry". What is the difference between the authors' ideas about the purpose of the poet and poetry?
An example of developing tasks for the OGE, literature, grade 9
Pilipenko Nadezhda Anatolievna,
teacher MBOU "Secondary School No. 12 with UIOP" Stary Oskol,
Belgorod region
Part 2.
To complete the task of part 2, select only ONE of the proposed essay topics (2.1–2.4). In the answer sheet, indicate the number of the topic you have chosen, and then write an essay of at least 200 words (if the essay is less than 150 words, then it is rated 0 points).
Argument your theses based on literary works (in an essay on lyrics, you must analyze at least two poems).
Use literary-theoretical concepts to analyze the work.
Consider the composition of the essay.
Write your essay clearly and legibly, following the rules of speech.
Part 2 contains a task of a high level of complexity (proposed
a choice of four items: 2.1–2.4) that aims the examinee at
writing an independent full-length essay on literary
Completion of the task requires a high level of mastery from the graduate
educational material, a creative approach to creating an independent
written text, the ability to consciously apply skills and abilities:
interpret factual material in a new way, find original
way of problem solving.
This part of the examination paper allows you to fully evaluate
the degree of mastery of graduates in the genre of coherent content
statements, the degree of formation of the ability to interpret
literary text, consistently express your point of view and
argue it.
Completion of the task of part 2 is evaluated according to the following
universal generalized criteria that do not depend on the content
specific texts.
Criteria for checking and evaluating the fulfillment of tasks 2.1–2.4,
requiring an essay (at least 200 words)
Among the five criteria by which the essay is evaluated, the first criterion
puts 0 points for the first criterion, the task is considered not completed and for other
criteria is not evaluated (0 points are given in the protocol for checking answers).
When evaluating the performance of tasks in Part 2, the amount of written work should be taken into account.
less than 150 words (word count includes all words, including service words), then such
The work is considered unfinished and is evaluated with 0 points.
With a volume of work from 150 to 200 words, the maximum number of errors for each
score does not change.
Criteria Points
1. The depth of disclosure of the theme of the essay and the persuasiveness of judgments
a) the examinee reveals the topic of the essay, based on the author's position
formulates his point of view;
convincingly substantiates his thesis;
there are no factual errors or inaccuracies
b) the examinee reveals the topic of the essay, based on the author's position
expresses his point of view
not all theses are convincingly substantiated;
and/or makes 1-2 factual errors
c) the examiner reveals the topic of the essay superficially or one-sidedly,
and (or) does not substantiate his theses;
and/or makes 3-4 factual errors.
d) the examiner does not disclose the topic of the essay;
and/or makes more than 4 factual errors
2. Level of proficiency in theoretical and literary concepts
a) the examinee uses literary-theoretical concepts for analysis
works; there are no errors or inaccuracies in the use of concepts
b) the examinee includes theoretical and literary concepts in the text of the essay,
does not use them to analyze the work,
and / or allows no more than 2 errors in their use
c) the examinee does not use theoretical and literary concepts;
or makes more than 2 errors in their use.
3. The validity of the involvement of the text of the work
a) the text of the work in question is involved in a variety of ways and
justified (quotes with comments to them, retelling of fragments of the text with their
b) the text is involved,
not always justified (i.e. out of direct connection with the thesis put forward)
c) the text is not involved, judgments are not substantiated by the text 0
4. Compositional integrity and consistency of presentation
a) the composition is characterized by compositional integrity, parts
the statements are logically connected, the thought develops sequentially, no
unreasonable repetitions and violations of the logical sequence
b) there are violations of compositional integrity in the composition: parts
sentences are logically connected
the thought is repeated;
and (or) there are violations in the sequence of presentation (including within
semantic parts of the statement);
and (or) there are deviations from the topic of the essay
c) there is no compositional intent in the composition;
and (or) there are gross violations in the sequence of presentation;
and (or) there is no connection between parts and within parts
5. Following the rules of speech
a) no more than 2 speech errors were made 3
b) 3 speech errors were made 2
c) 4 speech errors were made 1
d) the number of speech errors made significantly complicates
understanding the meaning of the statement (5 or more speech errors were made).
Max score 12
Task 2.2. As in the lyrics of M.Yu. Lermontov reveals the theme of loneliness?
Sample Answer
The theme of loneliness is characteristic of the entire work of M.Yu. Lermontov. The poet believed that one can comprehend the meaning of life only by abstracting from the outside world. This is probably why in most of the poems of this author we have a lyrical hero, reflecting and looking for the truth against the background of various pictures of nature.
In the poem “I go out alone on the road ...” the landscape complements the state of the lyrical hero. Gloomy pictures of nature help to penetrate deeper into the thoughts and ideas of the hero, to better understand his inner world:
I go out alone on the road;
Through the mist the flinty path gleams;
The night is quiet. The desert listens to God
And the star speaks to the star.
Unfulfillment is the main motto of this poem. The hero understands that in this life he managed to do a lot. In a desperate phrase (“I am looking for freedom and peace ...”), a symbol is clearly traced: the poet, unclaimed and incomprehensible to society, leaves hope that sooner or later his poems will win the hearts of many:
I don't expect anything from life
And I do not feel sorry for the past at all;
I'm looking for freedom and peace!
I would like to forget and sleep.
The theme of loneliness is most fully disclosed by Lermontov in the poem "Prisoner". The lyrical hero is trying to get out into the wild. But this freedom is peculiar: the author wants to find a place on earth where he will be understood by others, find peace and hope:
I am alone - there is no consolation:
The walls are bare all around
Dimly shine a lamp beam
Dying fire.
The motives of loneliness permeate all of Lermontov's work. The poet tried to determine his place in life, putting thoughts into the mouths of lyrical heroes.
The examinee quite fully and convincingly reveals the problem of the composition, showing how the theme of loneliness is reflected in the lyrics of M.Yu. Lermontov. Based on the author's position, the examinee was able to show that loneliness is one of the main ones in the poet's work. When analyzing poems, the author's intention was taken into account. The examinee formulates his point of view, drawing on the text; but not all theses are convincingly substantiated; there are no factual errors or inaccuracies.
Evaluation by criterion K1: 2 points.
2.2 What is the meaning of Pushkin's definition: "The purpose of poetry is poetry?"
Sample Answer
Poetry is not a game, not fun, it is the main thing that determines all the most basic things in human life. And therefore, no matter what this or that poem is dedicated to, its goal is, first of all, art itself.
This is exactly what Pushkin spoke about in the poem "Elegy". The poet connects the coming “pleasures” with art and creativity, which will help him overcome fatigue from life, the mood of melancholy and despair:
And I know I will enjoy
Between sorrows, worries and anxiety:
Sometimes I'll get drunk again with harmony,
I will shed tears over fiction ...
Indeed, poetry supported him in the most difficult situations. Then, when he was far from his friends, in the "wilderness, in the darkness of imprisonment" of Mikhailovsky exile. Even when, upon returning, he felt the readers cool down and reflected in a number of poems (“The Poet”, “The Poet and the Crowd”) gloomy reflections on misunderstanding and unwillingness to hear the words of the poet. In these verses, Pushkin seems to have once again returned to the idea of art that arose in the romantic period of his youth. If you “have no response”, then isn’t it better to focus on poetry itself, run away from worldly fuss and listen to the “divine verb”? And even if the crowd does not understand you, if “you are your own highest court”, and the main reward is creativity, but how then to understand Pushkin’s words about the prophetic mission of art, expressed in the poem “Prophet”? If the goal of poetry is in itself, then why is the highest purpose of the poet expressed in the words “burn the hearts of people with the verb”?
I think that all apparent contradictions are removed by a poem written long before his death, in which Pushkin summed up his work, - “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...”. Here it is clearly stated: the main thing that deserved the immortality of his lyre is that in the "cruel age" it awakened "good feelings" in the hearts of people. Here is its purpose and meaning. This basic idea of the poem is prepared by the entire previous movement of poetic thought, by all the imagery and even by the sound itself. The slow majestic rhythm of the Alexandrian verse, the high odic style, created by the selection of special epithets (a monument not made by hands, a rebellious head, a cherished lyre), the use of a large number of Slavic words (erected, piit head, until), correspond to the image of the muse, obedient "God's command".
It is such a muse that can and should create poetry that meets the highest destiny, which means, indeed, “the goal of poetry is poetry.”
Comment. Evaluation by criterion K1.
The examinee quite fully and convincingly reveals the problem of composition, explaining the meaning of Pushkin's definition. Based on the author's position, the examiner was able to show that poetry determines everything in human life. When analyzing poems, the examinee takes into account the author's intention. Formulates his point of view; convincingly substantiates his theses, involving the text; there are no factual errors or inaccuracies.
2.2. How the image of the motherland is revealed in the lyrics of S.A. Yesenin?
Sample Answer
Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin rose to the heights of world poetry from the depths of folk life. The Ryazan land became the cradle of his poetry, Russian songs, sad and secluded, were reflected in his poems. The theme of the Motherland is the leading theme in Yesenin's work. Yesenin himself said: “My lyrics are alive with one great love - love for the Motherland. The feeling of the Motherland is the main thing in my work.” For him, there was nothing outside of Russia: no poetry, no life, no love, no glory. Outside of Russia, Yesenin simply could not imagine himself. The theme of the motherland was revealed to them in rich, definite colors:
I left my home
Blue left Russia ...
S. Yesenin's poems are landscape sketches, amazing in their beauty, in which the Motherland is, first of all, that corner of the world where the poet was born and grew up. Yesenin makes nature animated in order to display the beauty of the surrounding world, its living essence as brightly as possible. Everything around lives its own life: “sunrise pours red water on cabbage beds”, “birch trees stand like big candles”. Even "nettles dressed up with bright mother-of-pearl" in the poem "Good morning."
Yesenin speaks of an all-consuming love for the Motherland, love "to the point of joy and pain." Such love, which every true Russian probably experiences, cannot exist without “lake anguish”, without a drop of bitterness ... “I won’t give up these chains,” Yesenin says about that unaccountable longing that mixes with love and makes it the feeling is truly deep and eternal. "Chains" are familiar to the lyrical hero, and there is sweetness in their heaviness.
Yesenin's work is one of the brightest, deeply exciting pages in the history of Russian poetry, filled with love for people, the beauty of his native land, imbued with kindness, a sense of constant concern for the fate of the people and all life on earth.
Comment
The examinee quite fully and convincingly reveals the problem of the essay, showing how Russia is depicted in the work of S. Yesenin. Based on the author's position, the examinee was able to show that the feeling of the motherland is the main one in the poet's work, while analyzing the poems, he took into account the author's intention. Formulates his point of view; convincingly substantiates his theses, involving the text; there are no factual errors or inaccuracies.
Evaluation by criterion K1: 3 points.
2.2. How the theme of war is revealed in the lyrics of A.A. Akhmatova?
Sample Answer
Many of Akhmatov's poems are an appeal to the tragic fate of Russia. The beginning of severe trials for Russia was the First World War in Akhmatova's poetry. Akhmatova's poetic voice becomes the voice of people's grief and, at the same time, hope. In 1915, the poetess writes "Prayer":
... I pray for Your liturgy
After so many agonizing days
To cloud over dark Russia
Became a cloud in the glory of rays.
During the Great Patriotic War, Akhmatova was evacuated to Tashkent and returned to Leningrad in 1944. During the war years, the theme of the Motherland becomes the leading one in Akhmatova's lyrics. In the poem "Courage", written in February 1942, the fate of the native land is associated with the fate of the native language, the native word, which serves as a symbolic embodiment of the spiritual beginning of Russia:
It's not scary to lie dead under the bullets,
It's not bitter to be homeless,
– And we will save you, Russian speech,
Great Russian word.
We will carry you free and clean,
And we will give to our grandchildren, and we will save from captivity
Forever!
During the war, universal human values came to the fore: life, home, family, homeland. But the idea of "Courage" is not limited to patriotism. Spiritual freedom forever, expressed in faith in the freedom of the Russian word, is what the people accomplish their feat for.
And here again the personal in Akhmatova is combined with a national tragedy and the eternal, universal. This is the originality of Akhmatova's poetry: she felt the pain of her era as her own pain.
Comment. Estimates by criterion K1.
The examiner does not sufficiently deeply and fully reveal the problem of the composition, superficially and one-sidedly reflects the author's intention. When analyzing poems, he confines himself to presenting his point of view, partly replaces the analysis with citations, without substantiating his theses.
Evaluation by criterion K1: 1 point.
2.2 How is the world of purity and beauty conveyed in A. Blok's lyrics?
Sample Answer
In the lyrics of A. Blok, the leitmotif is the dream of the universal unification of the world, from the depths of which the world of purity and beauty grows. Modern life, according to Blok, is mired in chaos. The poet's soul aspires to unification, the merging of the forces of good, their victory over a world afflicted with vice.
The main advantage of objects and phenomena is their purity, belonging to the common World Soul, harmonious combination with all the realities of life. World Harmony or Soul appears in Blok's poems in the form of a woman, a Beautiful Lady.
I enter dark temples
I'm doing a secret ritual.
There I am waiting for the Beautiful Lady
In the flickering of red lamps.
In the shadow of a tall column
Trembling from the creak of doors
And he looks into my face, illumined,
Only an image, only a dream about Her.
It is this unification, the appearance of saving beauty, that the poet foresees. Premonition in Blok's lyrics is just as important as the feeling itself, and always ahead of thought. Blok's world is a world of halftones and subtle sensations, a realm of intuitions and secrets.
The expectation of a miracle or the repetition of a wonderful moment from the past are constantly present in Blok's lyrics. Such an attitude gives strength to the lyrical hero, who believes that now something is about to happen, something that will make life more beautiful, better or return former happiness.
The tension of expectation sets the reader to a sensitive reading of the poems, to the expectation of a phenomenon that Blok must certainly be beautiful.
I anticipate you. Years pass by
All in the guise of one I foresee You.
The whole horizon is on fire - and unbearably clear,
And silently I wait, yearning and loving.
Block speaks to us through a palette of colors and a range of sounds. Sound and color are the most important expressive elements in his poetry. Contrast and halftones create unique images, a mysterious atmosphere of the closeness of the beautiful, which is always present in Blok.
The melodiousness of his poems sets us in a lyrical mood, leads us along the path that the hero himself walked in his dreams and dreams.
The world of suffering, real, mired in fuss and lies, oppresses, so the hero strives for that life that should be established on earth, but its time has not yet come. The constant search for the kingdom of truth leads the poet through the hardships and difficulties of life, leaving the soul young and believing in bright feelings and ideals, searching, restless. The hero of Blok opens up to the reader a world that is inaccessible to the ordinary eye, shares what he was able to see thanks to his poetic talent and a special mood of the soul.
I told you something unearthly.
I forged everything in the air mist.
In the boat is an axe. Dreams are heroes.
So I landed on the ground.
The hero of Blok is not a lonely person in the desert world, not a lyricist, left alone with nature. His hero is among the crowd, among the noisy city, stations, squares. Blok's lyrics break through to us through the noise of the crowd, it is close to our life today. And in crowded cities, the Poet knows how to listen to silence, find an island of calm and feel a connection with the higher world:
In the night when anxiety
And the city will hide in the mist -
Oh, how much music God has
What sounds on earth!
The image of the homeland in Blok appears in the form of an endless plain, roads, blizzards, snowstorms. Love for the motherland gives the hero hope and consolation. This is the purest and truest love. For Blok, the homeland is the world where all dreams were born and where all dreams will go, a world closely intertwined with invisible threads with the fate of the poet himself. He is looking for salvation, comfort, faith in his homeland. The poet himself said that his lyrics are about Russia, about its fate. A truly Russian spirit, forgiving everything, believing in the light of the future, looking for ideals, remembering them in any trouble - this is Blok's homeland. Russia is shrouded in mystery, full of strength and calm as a mother.
You are extraordinary even in a dream.
I won't touch your clothes.
I doze - and behind the slumber is a mystery,
And you will rest in secret, Russia.
Alexander Blok proved with all his work: beauty, harmony, inner and outer purity, love for the Motherland, a woman, respect for nature - makes a person a Man.
In 2018, the first part of the OGE in literature will remain unchanged. Graduates choose one of two options and write detailed answers to tasks in the text. Volume - 5-8 sentences.
Below you have two options for a detailed answer for the three tasks of part one as an example of the answers to the first three tasks of the OGE in literature. Topics relate to "Dead Souls" by Gogol and Tyutchev's poem "There is in the autumn of the original ...".
Open the demo version of the OGE in Literature 2017 and read the assignments and the text for it.
We analyze option 1
Task 1.1.1
What properties of Chichikov's nature manifested themselves in his internal monologue?
Answer to task 1.1.1
The internal monologue is one of the means that Gogol resorts to to characterize his character. In this fragment, such features of Chichikov as prudence, attentiveness and coldness are revealed to the reader: "But our hero was already middle-aged and a prudently chilled character." Emotional impulses and recklessness in behavior are alien to him. Chichikov is a typical cynic, subordinating his impulses to reason, which makes him think first - then act. The same traits of the hero can be found in chapter 4, where the nature of the hero is revealed through a conversation with Nozdryov.
Task 1.1.2
Answer to task 1.1.2
The mention of a twenty-year-old youth is given to indicate the contrast between the behavior of a young man and the behavior that Chichikov demonstrated. At the age of twenty, young men are still a little naive, impressionable and ready for rash acts, "forgetting themselves, and service, and the world, and everything that is in the world." Their behavior is guided by strong spiritual impulses, and the mind is always inferior to the heart. Such behavior completely contradicts the prudence of Chichikov's "middle years".
Task 1.1.3.
Compare the fragments of the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls" and comedy D.I. Fonvizin "Undergrowth". In what way is Skotinin similar to Chichikov, who thought about the "young stranger"?
An excerpt from task 1.1.3
Skotinin. Why can't I see my bride? Where's she? In the evening there will be already an agreement, so isn't it time for her to say that she is being married off?
Ms Prostakova. We'll make it, brother. If she is told this ahead of time, then she may still think that we are reporting to her. Although by my husband, however, I am a relative of hers; And I love that strangers listen to me.
Prostakov (Skotinin). To tell the truth, we treated Sofyushka like a real orphan. After her father, she remained a baby. Tom, with six months, as her mother, and my fiancé, had a stroke ...
Mrs. Prostakova (shows that she is baptizing her heart). The power of the cross is with us.
Prostakov. From which she went into the next world. Her uncle, Mr. Starodum, went to Siberia; and since for several years now there has been no rumor or news about him, we consider him dead. We, seeing that she was left alone, took her to our village and oversee her estate as if it were our own.
Ms Prostakova. Why are you so upset today, my father? Another brother might think that we took her to us for the sake of interest.
Prostakov. Well, mother, how can he think it? After all, Sofyushkino's real estate cannot be moved to us.
Skotinin. And although the movable has been put forward, I am not a petitioner. I don't like to bother, and I'm afraid. No matter how much the neighbors offended me, no matter how much damage they did, I didn’t hit anyone with my forehead, and any loss, than to go after him, I’ll tear off my own peasants, and the ends are in the water.
Prostakov. That's true, brother: the whole neighborhood says that you are a masterful collector of dues.
Ms Prostakova. If only you would teach us, brother father; and we can't. Since we took away everything that the peasants had, we can no longer tear anything off. Such trouble!
Skotinin. If you please, sister, I will teach you, I will teach you, just marry me to Sofyushka.
Ms Prostakova. Do you really like this girl?
Skotinin. No, I don't like a girl.
Prostakov. So in the neighborhood of her village?
Skotinin. And not villages, but the fact that it is found in villages and what my mortal hunt is.
Ms Prostakova. To what, brother?
Skotinin. I love pigs, sister, and we have such large pigs in the neighborhood that there is not a single one of them that, standing on its hind legs, would not be taller than each of us by a whole head.
(D.I. Fonvizin. "Undergrowth")
Answer to task 1.1.3
Chichikov and Skotinin have a number of common features, such as prudence, selfishness, and the absence of a romantic impulse. Chichikov is a typical "acquirer", in whom Gogol saw a new evil in Russia: quiet, diligent, but enterprising. He only cares about his own benefit, and in his eyes only a thousand two hundred dowry can make a young girl a "tasty morsel". For the landowner Skotinin, the main characteristic is already contained in his surname. He is also concerned about his own benefit, but it does not even find expression in money. After all, the main passion of this hero is pigs. He wants to marry Sofyushka, but only because his favorites are found in her village. Both Chichikov's cold prudence and Skotinin's selfish ignorance are similar in their lack of interest in everything that does not directly lead to the satisfaction of their self-interest.
We analyze option 2
Task 1.2.1
What mood is imbued with the poem "There is in the autumn of the original ..."?
Answer to task 1.2.1
Tyutchev's poem creates a mood of peace and solemnity. To do this, the poet uses expressive epithets: “in the initial autumn”, “wonderful time”, “pure and warm azure”, etc. The feeling of innuendo and languor is given to the poem by the frequently occurring dots, which symbolize that the time of stormy emotions ended with the summer. Autumn is a time of unhurried reflection and relaxation.
Task 1.2.2.
What role do epithets play in the poem "There is in the original autumn ..."?
Answer to task 1.2.2.
Epithets are especially important when describing nature. After all, they allow not only to describe objects, but to convey the attitude of the author to what he writes about. Even the most ordinary words used as epithets can create vivid images. “Cheerful sickle”, “cobwebs of thin hair”, “short time”, “on an idle furrow”, “crystal day” - all these combinations create the mood of the poem, conveying Tyutchev's feelings caused by early autumn.
Task 1.2.3
What is the difference between the pictures of autumn created in the poems of F.I. Tyutchev "There is in the autumn of the original ..." and N.A. Nekrasov "Before the rain"
An excerpt from a poem for task 1.2.3
BEFORE THE RAIN
A mournful wind drives
I flock clouds to the edge of heaven,
Broken spruce groans,
The dark forest whispers dully.
On the stream, pockmarked and motley,
A leaf flies after a leaf,
And a stream dry and sharp
The cold is coming.
Twilight falls on everything;
Flying from all sides,
Whirling in the air with a cry
A flock of jackdaws and crows.
Above the roadway
The top is lowered, the front is closed;
And went!" - standing up with a whip,
The gendarme shouts to the driver...
(N.A. Nekrasov. 1846)
Answer to task 1.2.3.
Tyutchev's poem describes early autumn, which the author himself calls "wonderful times." The work is permeated with peace and admiration for the beauty of nature. This is the moment when both the earth and people rest: “Where the vigorous sickle walked and the ear fell / Now everything is empty - space is everywhere ...”. Autumn is represented by a beautiful, solemn time, when the cold weather is still far away and you can indulge in thoughts and tender sadness. Nekrasov presents a completely different autumn: it is unfriendly and unmerciful to the traveler. “Pure and warm azure” gives way to “a mournful wind”, and “radiant evenings” to “twilight that falls on everything”. The autumn described by Nekrasov evokes a mood of anxiety and sadness. Two poems - personify two opposite pictures of autumn, familiar to everyone.
