All military personnel of the Russian Federation who serve in the Marine Corps have their own professional holiday - Marine Corps Day. This holiday is celebrated annually on November 27th.
History of the Marine Corps Day
One side Marine Corps Day quite a young holiday. On the other hand, during the reign of Emperor Peter the Great, a decree was issued on the creation of the first regiment of naval soldiers. It can be said that Marine Corps Day history originates from that time. The first regiment of naval soldiers in the history of the Russian Empire was created on November 16, 1705 according to the old style, that is, on November 27 according to the new style. The British were the first to land amphibious assaults in 1664. In the Russian army, a special team of marines was created from the crew of the Oryol ship in 1698. It was after this successful experiment that Peter I decided to create a marine regiment based on the command of the Baltic Fleet. The regiment of naval soldiers at that time numbered 1365 people, whose task was to conduct a boarding battle and ship service. The history of the Marines has a huge number of victories since its inception. On Marine Corps Day, we remember these victories. In all the battles that the Russian Empire fought, during the 18-19 centuries, it was filled with enchanting victories. It is worth remembering at least the capture of the island of Corfu in February 1799. Corfu was one of the strongest fortifications in Europe at that time. During the Patriotic War of 1812, the sailors fought along with the ground forces on the Borodino field, and subsequently drove the French all the way to Paris. Remember the heroic struggle of naval battalions during the Crimean War, during the defense of Sevastopol. On the fronts of the civil war of 1918-1922, about seventy-five thousand sailors took part in the battles. For our country, and for the whole world, the Patriotic War of 1941-1945 was the most terrible. Forty brigades of Marines fought during the war. They defended Sevastopol, Odessa, participated in operations to defend Moscow and Leningrad. Thousands of them perished in a meat grinder near Stalingrad. The Marine Corps participated in the most difficult and dangerous operations at the forefront, together with parts of the army. Memories of the Chechen conflict are still fresh in modern Russia. Sixteen marines were awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation for courage and heroism. About five thousand soldiers were awarded orders and medals. Modern marines solve the most complex tasks set by the high command.
Marine Corps Day today
Celebrate Marine Corps Day from the removal of the State Flag of the Russian Federation and the flag of the Battle Banner of the unit. This is followed by the march of the personnel of the regiment. Often, veterans of the Marine Corps also participate in the parade along with the current staff, who march in a separate column under the battle banner. According to tradition, wreaths are laid at the monuments of fallen soldiers in the performance of their military duty. Flowers are also laid at the memorial of the battle lava of the black beret compound. The parade of marines is striking in its scale and beauty. On the parade ground, you will be amazed by the regiment's orchestra, performing combat techniques with weapons and demonstration performances of a reconnaissance and airborne company with weapons. Various events take place directly in the units of the marines. The Marine Corps is considered one of the best combat units in the Russian army. All branches of the military with well-deserved respect for the merits and professionalism of the marines. In addition, Marines are considered the elite of the Navy. If you have relatives or friends who served in the Marine Corps, or are now military personnel, be sure to congratulate them on the holiday. These people are guarding our peace and peaceful sleep. Happy Holidays to all Marines.
Marine Corps Day in Russia is celebrated annually on November 27th. The holiday was established by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the Russian Federation dated July 15, 1996 "On the introduction of annual holidays and professional days in the specialty."
The prototype of military formations like the marines first appeared in England in 1664. In Russia, the registration of the Marine Corps as a branch of the fleet forces occurred during the Northern War with Sweden (1700-1721). The date of its creation is considered to be November 27 (November 16, old style) 1705, when Peter I issued a decree on the formation of a "regiment of naval soldiers" for service in boarding and landing teams.
Initially, the marines were used to conduct rifle fire on the crews of enemy ships, boarding combat and guard duty. She received her first baptism of fire in 1706 in the Vyborg Bay during the capture of the Swedish boat "Espern" in a boarding battle. She also distinguished herself in the battle of Gangut in 1714.
The shipboarding and landing teams of the Marine Corps were subordinate to the commanders of the ships, and in matters of special combat training - to the chief of the Marine Corps of the squadron. After the end of the campaign, the teams united in their battalions, underwent combat training and carried out guard duty at the base.
At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th century, in connection with the change in the nature of wars and the methods of conducting combat operations by fleets, the Russian marines were reorganized several times. During this period, it was considered primarily as a military branch of the army, intended for landing operations.
Detachments of the Russian marines participated in the Russian-Turkish wars of the late 18th century, in the Mediterranean campaign of Admiral Fyodor Ushakov (1798-1800), during the Russian war as part of the second coalition against France, when, as a result of landing operations, the Ionian Islands were liberated from the French, the fortress of Corfu, which was considered impregnable, was taken by storm from the sea, the central and southern parts of Italy were liberated, Naples and Rome were occupied.
Formed in 1810, the marine guards crew, the only part in the history of the Russian fleet, which represented both a ship's crew and an infantry guards battalion, took part in the Patriotic War of 1812. Operating on the land front, he partially performed some of the functions of the Marine Corps, namely, he built crossings through water barriers, destroyed enemy crossings, etc. In 1813, units of the marine corps were transferred to the army department and lost contact with the fleet. After that, for almost 100 years, there were no large regular formations of the marine corps in the Russian fleet.
During the Crimean (Eastern) War of 1853-1856, the defense of Sevastopol (1854-1855) required a large number of naval infantry units from the fleet, once again confirming the need for marines, the formations of which were urgently formed from the crews of ships.
The question of the formation of permanent units of the Marine Corps was raised in 1910. In 1911, the Main Naval Staff developed a project to create permanent infantry units in the main bases of the fleet: an infantry regiment of the Baltic Fleet, a battalion of the Black Sea Fleet and a Vladivostok battalion. In August 1914, three separate battalions were created in Kronstadt from the personnel of the Guards Naval Crew and the 1st Baltic Naval Crew. At the same time, the formation of naval battalions of the Black Sea Fleet began.
All formations of the marine corps, according to the purpose and nature of the tasks performed, were divided into two types: units intended for land fronts, and units and formations of the marine corps operating in maritime theaters.
Permanent units of the Marine Corps participated in the First World War (1914-1918), as well as in the Civil War (1917-1922). After the end of the Civil War, they were again disbanded.
In the summer of 1939, a separate special rifle brigade was formed as part of the coastal defense of the Baltic Fleet, which took part in the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940. In May 1940, it was reorganized into a special brigade of marines.
The Marine Corps received further development during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). With the outbreak of hostilities in the fleets, flotillas and naval bases, the formation of brigades and battalions of marines began, which were recruited from the personnel of ships, coastal units and naval educational institutions. They were intended primarily for combat operations in coastal areas, primarily in amphibious and antiamphibious operations. In total, during the Great Patriotic War, 21 brigades and several dozen separate regiments and battalions of marines operated in various sectors of the Soviet-German front. Marine units participated in the defense of Moscow, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Odessa, Sevastopol, the Arctic, Stalingrad (now Volgograd) and others. They affected the rear and flanks of enemy groupings, diverted their significant forces, and assisted the troops that struck on land. In August 1945, the marines landed in the ports of Korea, South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. In total, during the Great Patriotic War, the marines participated in more than 120 landings. The enemy called the marines "black death".
For their heroism during the Great Patriotic War, dozens of marine units were awarded guards ranks and honorary titles. Tens of thousands of marines were awarded orders and medals, more than 150 were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
In 1956, during the reorganization of the Armed Forces of the USSR, the Marine Corps units were disbanded, but already in 1963, in accordance with the increased tasks solved by the USSR Navy, Marine Corps units were again formed on the basis of motorized rifle regiments of the ground forces. The First Guards Marine Regiment appeared in the Baltic Fleet. In the same year, a marine regiment was formed in the Pacific, in 1966 - in the Northern, and in 1967 - in the Black Sea Fleet. Soon, a marine division was deployed on the basis of the regiment of the Pacific Fleet. In 1979, separate regiments of the remaining fleets were reorganized into brigades.
The Marine Corps carried out numerous military services in the Mediterranean Sea, the Indian Ocean, off the western coast of Africa, and participated in local conflicts during the Cold War - for example, in Angola, Yemen and on other distant approaches to the borders of the USSR.
After the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the first half of the 1990s, the marines were transferred to a new organizational structure. The essence of its transformations was to give greater independence to subunits and units in performing tasks in isolation from the main forces.
In the 1990s, units and subunits of the Marine Corps took part in the hostilities in the North Caucasus. For courage and heroism, more than 20 marines were awarded the title Hero of Russia, about five thousand were awarded orders and medals.
The structure of the modern marines in the Russian Navy includes formations and military units of the Pacific, Northern, Baltic, Black Sea Fleets and the Caspian Flotilla. All units and subunits belong to permanent combat readiness formations, are kept in wartime states, are recruited on a contract basis and by conscription. They have at their disposal floating military equipment, portable anti-tank and anti-aircraft systems and automatic small arms.
Marines serve on board the warships of the Russian Navy in the far ocean and sea zones. As part of anti-terror units, they participate in long-distance cruises of warships of the Russian Navy, successfully work out tasks in the course of international and naval exercises.
The motto of the Marines is "Where we are, there is victory!"
The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources
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Marine Corps Day 2019 is celebrated in Russia on November 27th. The holiday is celebrated by all employees of the Marine Corps of the Russian Navy: junior, senior officers, privates, developers and manufacturers of relevant equipment, support personnel. Cadets, teachers, graduates of specialized higher educational institutions, former employees of these units join the celebrations.
Combat operations may involve the capture of the enemy's coastline, adjacent infrastructure, or its defenses. There are units that ensure the fulfillment of tactical tasks: they contribute to the further advancement of the main forces, suppress firing points, and protect entrusted lines. A professional holiday is dedicated to them.
Holiday traditions
On this day, officers, cadets, veterans gather at festive tables. The authorities conduct a ceremony of awarding employees with orders, medals, certificates of honor. The command makes notes of gratitude in personal files. The best employees are promoted in ranks and positions for outstanding achievements. Demonstrations are organized at which the Marines demonstrate their skills.
Materials about the holiday are published in the mass media. Veterans are being interviewed. They share memories.
history of the holiday
Marine Corps Day in Russia was formalized by the Order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the Russian Federation F. Gromov No. 433 of December 19, 1995. The chosen date of the holiday has a symbolic meaning. It is dedicated to the formation of the “regiment of naval soldiers” on November 27, 1705, thanks to the order of Peter the Great. The division became the prototype of modern ones.
About the profession of a marine
Members of the Marine Corps of the Russian Navy perform dangerous and important tasks, fighting against superior enemy forces. They are mainly involved in offensive operations, which are associated with significant losses in manpower and equipment. Units land on the coast to capture territory, strategic facilities, defend the enemy and further advance.
Employees receive full-time weapons of the ground forces: artillery, armored vehicles, air defense equipment. They are involved in all military conflicts in the country and abroad.
A career begins with a draft or training at a specialized educational institution of the Ministry of Defense. The cadet must know the principles of operation and the device of the equipment, be able to handle it, comply with the standards, and master tactical training. The profession of a marine is classified as life-threatening.
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The birth of the marines in Russia began in 1668, when a team of archers was included in the crew of the Oryol ship along with sailors and gunners. The tasks of this team were reflected in the "34 articular articles" (the naval charter of that time) as "capturing enemy ships in a boarding battle."
In 1705, Peter the Great issued a decree on the creation of the first regiment of marines.
Marine Corps Day in Russia is celebrated in accordance with the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy dated November 19, 1995, in memory of the decree of Peter I on the creation of the first "regiment of naval soldiers" in Russia, which was issued after the battle with the Swedes on November 27, 1705. This date is considered the birthday of the regular Russian marines.
Interesting facts from the history of the Marine Corps
To ensure Russia's access to the shores of the Baltic in 1700-1703, first of all, it was necessary to oust the Swedes from Lake Ladoga and Lake Peipsi. To implement such a bold plan, they decided to involve the Don Cossacks, who had experience in battles on row-and-sail ships on the rivers and the sea. However, the Cossacks did not arrive at the right time, and all the main military activities had to be carried out by the forces of Peter's infantry regiments. The regiments of Tyrtov, Tybukhin, Ostrovsky did an excellent job - after a series of fierce boarding battles, the Swedes were partially destroyed, and the rest were driven out of these waters. The path to the mouth of the Neva was free...
These events showed that in Russia there was a need to create a new kind of troops - naval soldiers.
On November 16 (November 27 - New Style), 1705, Peter I issued a decree on the creation of a naval regiment, which marked the beginning of the organization of the marines of the regular Russian fleet. The first regiment of marines, formed in the Baltic Fleet, consisted of two battalions of five companies. The regiment had 45 officers, 70 non-commissioned officers and 1250 privates. The marines were armed with guns with baguettes (the prototype of a bayonet) and edged weapons (cleavers, sabers). In the Northern War, the marines were widely used in naval battles and landings. In 1712, instead of a regiment, five battalions of 22 officers were formed, up to 660 privates and non-commissioned officers in each. Three battalions were included in the ship squadrons, one in the galley, one carried out guard duty in the bases.
Since 1804, companies of naval regiments began to depart on ships from Kronstadt to the Mediterranean Sea to the location of D.N. Senyavin. By the end of 1806, there were ten companies of naval regiments in the squadron of D.N. Senyavin, and on November 10, 1806, they formed the 2nd Marine Regiment, whose chief was the commander of the 2nd Marine Regiment Buasel. The two battalions of the 2nd Naval Regiment that remained in Kronstadt attached one to the 1st Naval Regiment, the other to the 3rd. 4th Naval Regiment during 1811-1813 remained on the ships of the Black Sea Fleet and until March 1813 participated in all of its combat operations. For all types of allowances, the naval regiments were under the jurisdiction of the fleet.
Soon, the 25th division was formed in Abo, which became part of the corps intended to assist the Swedes. Then the naval regiments left for St. Petersburg and allocated their second battalions to form new infantry regiments - the 9th, 10th, 11th and others.
In September 1812, the 1st Naval Regiment with the second detachment, formed by the people's militia, left for Wittgenstein's army, and in 1813-1814. participated in its composition in the fighting on the Dvina near Danzig. The 2nd Naval Regiment was also in the active army, and the 3rd Naval Regiment during the Patriotic War of 1812 was part of the garrison of St. Petersburg.
In 1810, the Naval Guards crew was formed, which had dual subordination - to the fleet and the Guards Corps in St. Petersburg. This crew, together with the army, fought through the entire war of 1812-1814. And, ironically, the first Russian flag raised over Paris in 1814 was the naval one - Andreevsky.
In addition, the Black Sea Fleet was sent to the front in Chichagov's army, the 75th ship's crew also reached Paris.
In the following decades, the participation of sailors in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 should be noted. The Marine Guards crew participated in the Danube Flotilla. And when the Russian army approached Constantinople, standing in Adrianople, as in Paris in 1814, the Russian naval St. Andrew's flag was the first to be raised over the city.
During the First World War, in the Russian fleet - the Baltic and Black Sea - they began to form a number of units of the Marine Corps - brigades, regiments, separate companies and teams. A part of the Naval Guards crew was sent to the land front and the post of Chief Commander of all naval commands in the army and at the front was established.
By the end of March 1917, despite all the difficulties, the formation of the Black Sea Naval Division was completed. However, already in May 1917, the landing on the Bosphorus had to be postponed due to the lack of persistent elite units needed in large numbers for a landing of this magnitude.
This is a brief chronology of the regular units of the marines of the Russian fleet.
The events of the Second World War unfolded for the Marine Corps according to the following scenario. The Soviet Navy, especially surface ships, practically did not participate in the hostilities of the summer of 1941. The Baltic Fleet was bottled up in Leningrad and Kronstadt. The Black Sea Fleet was somewhat more active, but here, too, ships were often idle in ports due to the threat of air attacks. As a result, many sailors were inactive.
The Soviet Navy traditionally had marine brigades designed for land operations. In October 1941, 25 new marine brigades were formed, over time their number increased to 35. The marines played a big role in the defense of Leningrad, in 1942 they were actively used on the Black Sea coast and even participated in the defense of Moscow. It is known that the marines acted more efficiently than conventional infantry units, but at the same time they suffered much higher losses. In addition to brigades, improvised battalions and even smaller units of marines were formed in many fleets. The Marines conducted several small-scale amphibious operations, mainly along the Black Sea coast. With bold sorties behind enemy lines, attacks on its fortified points, marine snipers inflicted great damage on the enemy. The Marines displayed unprecedented heroism and courage in these battles. Dozens of sailors have become true masters of a well-aimed shot. For fifteen days, snipers of the marines destroyed 1050 fascists in the battles near Sevastopol ...
At the end of the 1950s, it became necessary to have modern landing forces in the Soviet Navy, because. attempts to use even specially prepared parts of the SV did not lead to positive results. It required the creation of specialized amphibious assault formations. And with the assistance of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral of the Fleet S.G. Gorshkov, according to the directive of the Ministry of Defense of June 7, 1963, ЉORG / 3/50340, in July of the same year on the basis of the fleet of the 336th GV, which took part in the exercises. SMEs from the BVO formed the 336th Bialystok Order of Suvorov and Alexander Nevsky Guards Separate Marine Corps Regiment (OPMP). The location of the regiment is Baltiysk (Kaliningrad region). The first commander - Guards. Colonel P.T. Shapranov.
In November 1979, on the basis of the directive of the Main Headquarters of the Navy No. 730 / 1 / 00741 of September 3, 1979, the regiments were reorganized into separate brigades (OBrMP). It should be noted that the transfer of a regiment to a brigade actually means a change in the status of a military formation from a tactical unit to a tactical formation. At the same time, the battalions included in the brigade become tactical units and are referred to as "separate".
The total number of the Soviet MP according to 1990. was in the European part -7.6 thousand people, and taking into account the five thousandth division of the Pacific Fleet - approx. 12.6 thousand people. (All according to peacetime states.). According to other sources, the total number of Soviet marines in peacetime was about 15,000 people.
Modern marines are a branch of the Navy, designed and specially trained to conduct combat operations as part of amphibious assault forces, as well as to defend important sections of the coast, naval bases and coastal facilities. Marines in landing operations can act independently when capturing enemy naval bases, ports, islands, or individual sections of the coast. In cases where the basis of the landing force is formed by units of the ground forces, the marines land in advanced detachments to capture the most important points and sections of the coast and ensure the subsequent landing of the main landing forces.
From the mid-1960s to the present, Russian Marine Corps units have taken part in combat services and military conflicts in the following places on the globe: Poland, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, the 55th point off the coast of Cyprus, Yemen, Iran, Iraq , Afghanistan, India, Sri Lanka, Cuba, Maldives, Seychelles, Egypt, Libya, Ethiopia, Somalia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Angola, Benin, Congo, Mozambique, Vietnam, Georgia, Abkhazia, Dagestan, Chechnya.
