According to the standards, six cases are subdivided in the Russian language (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional).

I.P. - Who? What?
R.P. - (No) whom? What?
D.P. - (Give) to whom? What?
V.P. - (I see) who? What?
T.P. - (Proud of) who? How?
P.P. - (Oh) com? (About what?

Now, in order to learn how to inflect according correctly, you need to be able to define a noun.

first declension

The first declension should include feminine nouns with endings - a (-ya) and several masculine nouns: dad, uncle, young man. They just need to be remembered. The first declension also includes nouns ending in -iya.

For example, consider the words horde and commission.

I.P. horde-a, commissions-i
R.P. hordes, commissions
D.P. order, commission
V.P. ord-y, commission-y
T.P. ord-oh, commission-her
P.P. order, commission

Please note that this noun ending in -а in the nominative case in the dative and prepositional cases ends in -e, and the noun with the ending -(и)я in the nominative case ends in -i in the same cases. This rule will work with all words of the first declension.

Second declension

The second declension should include masculine nouns with a zero ending and neuter nouns with the ending -е (-е). For example, a table, a house, a field, a sea, a core, singing. As you can see, nouns of the middle gender can be with a hard and soft stem. They have slight differences in the formation of endings during declension.

For example, consider the masculine noun wedge and two neuter nouns - bucket and singing.

I.P. wedge (zero ending), bucket-o, peni-e
R.P. wedge-a, bucket-a, peni-i
D.P. wedge-y, bucket-y, penny-y
V.P. wedge (zero ending), bucket-o, peni-e
T.P. wedge-ohm, bucket-ohm, penny-em
P.P. wedge-e, bucket-e, peni-e

Nouns of the neuter gender with a solid stem have the ending -е in the prepositional case, and the ending -и. This should be remembered.

third declension

The third declension includes all feminine nouns with a zero ending and a soft sign at the end. This is a daughter, mother, night, rye,. Do not confuse them with masculine second declension nouns such as ray, knife, .

For example, consider the declension of the noun steppe.

I.P. steppe (zero ending)
R.P. steppe
D.P. steppe
V.P. steppe (zero ending)
T.P. steppe
P.P. steppe

Note that third declension nouns in the genitive, dative and prepositional cases have the same endings (-i).

Education

What is noun declension? Cases in Russian

March 3, 2016

Not only schoolchildren and students of linguistic disciplines are wondering what the declension of nouns is. After all, competent speech and spelling is not a whim of teachers and not a privilege of philologists. The question of what the declension of nouns in Russian can be answered in different ways, because this word has several, albeit similar, but still different meanings. Let's start with a brief digression into etymology.

What is noun declension?

First, let's look at the origin of the term. The word "declension" is a calque from the Latin declinatio, which means "deviation". This is not surprising, because the inflection is a kind of anomaly in comparison with the main form of the noun. However, the category "declension" means not only the process of word transformation itself. It is also a certain type of nouns that are similar to change in the same pattern. There are three main declensions in Russian, but there are words that do not belong to any of the categories.

How do nouns change?

The parts of speech that interest us, with rare exceptions, decline in number and case. With the first criterion, everything is very simple - it shows the number of designated items. The number can be singular or plural. In the first case, we are dealing with nouns that denote only one thing. For example: garden, hearth. The plural includes words that indicate several objects (gardens, hearths). There are also exceptions.

So, in Russian there is a place for nouns that have the form of only the singular (the so-called singularia tantum). An example is milk, glory. Similarly, there are nouns that have only the plural form (which are called pluralia tantum). In this case, the following words can be cited as an example: darkness, scissors.

Related videos

What is the case declension of nouns?

Now consider another possible change in the parts of speech that interest us. To decline in cases means to adapt a noun for use with other words. This category also shows the syntactic role of inflected parts of speech in a sentence. In most cases, decline in cases means changing the ending of a word. However, this ability belongs not only to this kind of transformation of nouns.

The term "case" comes from the Latin cadere - to fall. There are direct and indirect cases. The first of these is the "normal" version of the word. It is, of course, nominative, and in some cases, accusative. The second is a "deviation" from the norm. This category includes all remaining noun declensions.

What are the cases?

In total, in the Russian case, there are 6 possible options for changing nouns to link them with other words. The first one is the nominative case. As mentioned above, this is the “correct”, natural form of the word, in Latin it is called the nominative. The genitive case, called the genitive, indicates belonging to someone or something, the dative (dative) indicates the object to which the action is directed. The accusative is similar to the first, the nominative, however, has its own peculiarity. It is used after transitive verbs to indicate a direct object. In Latin, it is called an accusative. The instrumental (or instrumental) most often indicates the method, the instrument of action. In addition, it is used after such verbs: to lead, to engage, to own. And finally, the last, prepositional case is the prepositive. It indicates the place, time, subject of speech or thought, is used only with prepositions.

We have considered all variants of declension in Russian. There may be differences with other languages. So, for example, in English speech nouns have only two cases. The first of them, the general one, is the usual way of using words. The second, possessive case, indicates, firstly, only animate nouns, which certainly mean a living being. Secondly, the subject must own some thing, sign or quality. The possessive case is formed with a special ending - "s". Other languages ​​have other features as well.

How to decline nouns by cases?

This is easy to do. It is enough to know the so-called case questions, which allow us to identify Russian cases. The table below contains all the necessary data.

It should be pointed out that the information given applies to all nouns, both singular and plural. In cases, almost all the words of the part of speech we are considering are declined. But there are exceptions.

Which nouns are not inflected?

There are many words in Russian that have a foreign language origin (for example, highway, blinds). Some of them do not change either by cases or by numbers. In addition, they belong to the category of so-called indeclinable nouns. Surnames ending in -o, -s (-s) also remain unchanged. This category also includes complex abbreviated words (for example, deputy director).

What are noun declensions?

As mentioned above, the term we are revealing indicates not only the process of change and its path, but also generalized types of words that have the same modification patterns. There are three declensions of nouns in Russian. The grammatical gender and the ending in the nominative singular help to determine which of them a particular word belongs to. You can clearly see the existing declinations and their characteristics in the table below.

case	1st declension (singular)	2nd declension (singular)	3rd declension (singular)	plural
Nominative	mother, uncle	lake, field, horse		S, -i, -a, -i mothers, uncles, lakes, fields, horses, steppes
Genitive	mothers, uncles	lakes, fields, horse		Ov, -ev, -ey, - mothers, uncles, lakes, fields, horses, steppes
Dative	mother, uncle	lake, field, horse		mothers, uncles, lakes, fields, horses, steppes
Accusative	mother, uncle	lake, field, horse		S, -i, -a, -i, -hey, - mothers, uncles, lakes, fields, horses, steppes
Instrumental	Oh (-oh), -ee (-ee) mother (mother), uncle (uncle)	lake, field, horse		Ami, -yami mothers, uncles, lakes, fields, horses, steppes
Prepositional	mother, uncle	lake, field, horse		mothers, uncles, lakes, fields, horses, steppes

Are there exceptions to the rule?

Not all nouns fall under the description of any of the above types of declension. There are 4 exceptions in total. The first of them is the previously considered indeclinable words. The second exception is nouns that look like adjectives. And they bow down just like the last ones. Such words are also called nouns of the adjective declension. For example: passer-by, bathroom. The third curiosity is heterogeneous nouns. Their peculiarity is that in different cases they have endings that are not inherent in any of the three types of declension. These include the words: path, burden, seed, udder, time, and others. And finally, the fourth exception is nouns that are declined like pronouns (draw).

How are words with the "half-" component declined?

Such nouns have their own characteristics. In these words, the component "half-" in indirect cases, with the exception of the accusative, changes to "half-". The second half, that is, the noun, changes according to general rules. Compound words with the “half-” component are not declined, in which the main part indicates an animated object, for example: half-horse, half-goat.

Now, after considering all aspects of the topic in great detail, we should sum up. Declension of nouns is a complex linguistic category, which means some specific model for the transformation of words, as well as the very process of changing them in cases and numbers. The basic rules of correct and competent declension should be known to children from the school bench. And, of course, do not forget them as adults, even if their profession is not related to philology.

Declension of nouns in Russian

Declension is the change of nouns in cases. Depending on the totality of endings that are inherent in one or another noun, there are three main types of their declension. To the 1st declension belong nouns m.r. with a null ending in the initial form, i.e. in I.p. unit ( chemist, researcher analysis) and nouns cf. with endings in -about, -e (substance, field). The words zh.r., m.r. belong to the 2nd declension. and general gender with endings -a, -I (hypothesis, a drop, operation, youth, headman).

Nouns of the 1st and 2nd declension have two varieties of the base - a solid one, which includes nouns with a final consonant solid (plant, plant, factory; a game, games, game), and soft with a soft final consonant ( writer, writer, a writer; song, songs, song, song).

The words Zh.R. belong to the 3rd declension of nouns. null-terminated in the initial form, hence having only the soft variety ( thaw, night). (In school practice, there is a different numbering of declension types: the 1st declension of nouns includes what is recognized as the 2nd in scientific grammar, and vice versa.)

In addition to these three main types of declension, there is a separate declension of nouns formed from adjectives ( sick, worker and etc.). In table. 14 shows examples of the main types of declension of nouns and comments on them.

Comment. 1. Inanimate nouns m.r. the endings and I.p. and V.p. unit ( a computer, dance). In animated nouns m.r. ( contractor, representative, doctor) match the endings in R.p. and V.p. unit ( contractor, representative, doctor).

first declension

Masculine and neuter nouns with hard and soft consonants
Singular
case	masculine		Neuter gender	masculine		Neuter gender
	into a hard consonant			into a soft consonant
	contractor		device	representative		biofield
	a computer			anniversary
	contractor		devices	representative		biofields
	computer			anniversary
	contractor		device	representative		biofield
	computer			anniversary
	contractor		device	representative		biofield
	a computer			anniversary
	contractor		device	representative		biofield
	computer			anniversary
	(about) contractor		(about) device	(about) representative		(about) biofield
	(about) computer			(about) anniversary
case	Plural
	contractors		devices	representatives		biofields
	computers			anniversaries
	contractors		devices	representatives		biofields
	computers			anniversaries
	contractors		devices	representatives		biofields
	computers			anniversaries
	contractors		devices	representatives		biofields
	computers			anniversaries
	contractors		devices	representatives		biofields
	computers			anniversaries
	(about) contractors		(about) devices	(about) representatives		(about) biofields
	(about) computers			(about) anniversaries
Masculine nouns with stem on w, h, w, w, c and neuter on -s
case		Singular			Plural
		masculine	Neuter gender		masculine	Neuter gender
		doctor	company		doctors	enterprises
		dance			dancing
		doctor	enterprises		doctors	enterprises
		dance			dancing
		doctor	enterprise		doctors	enterprises
		dance			dancing
		doctor	company		doctors	enterprises
		dance			dancing
		doctor	enterprise		doctors	enterprises
		dance			dancing
		(about) doctor	(about) enterprise		(about) doctors	(about) enterprises
		(about) dance			(about) dancing
Masculine nouns house, house
case		Singular			Plural
		house			small houses
		house			houses
		house			houses
		houses			houses
		house			houses
		house			houses
		house			small houses
		house			houses
		small house			houses
		house			houses
		(about) house			about houses
		(about) house			(about) houses

2. Some inanimate nouns m.r. may have in R.p. unit not only endings -a (-I), but also -y (Yu). For example, variant endings can receive:

• a) real nouns, when the amount of something is indicated ( a ton of sugar — sugar, a lot of snow — snow) or the absence of some quantity (neither grams of sugar — sugar, not a drop of soup- soup); this applies especially to real nouns with diminutive suffixes ( take the honey from the sugar);
• b) abstract nouns in the same cases ( how much noise — noise; not a cry — cry, no noise — noise);
• c) words included in stable combinations (without year week, no laughing matter). endings -y, -Yu in general, typical for colloquial speech: And this Mary is a root — Taka is high... She has the color of a bouquet... Raspberry Christmas time. her off cancer drinking...(E. Evtushenko); Shot down you with sense this teaching — here you are wandering around the white world(V. Shukshin).

3. Nouns m.r. based on well, h, w, sch in T.p. unit may have a shock ending -ohm (doctor) and unstressed -eat (comrade).

4. Nouns m.r. with a base on c in T.p. have a percussive ending -ohm (end) and unstressed -eat (.finger), in R.p. plural have a percussive ending -ov (ends) and unstressed -ev (dancing).

5. Nouns cf. with a base on c in I.p. etc. unit have when stressed at the end, respectively -about (ring) and -ohm (ring), not at the end -e (sun) and -eat (sun).

6. Some inanimate nouns m.r. in P.p. unit with a pretext in when indicating being inside something and with a preposition on the when indicating the presence of something on the surface, they may have endings -y (-Yu) (in the forest, in service, on the shore). endings -y (-Yu) are always percussion.

Note. To the most common nouns m.r., having in P.p. unit graduation -y (-Yu) (there are only about 200 of them), include: shore, board(ship), forest, bridge, port, row, garden,injection (in the corner of the room, on the corner of the street), closet (in the closet, on the wardrobe). If there are variants of endings -e, -y some words (" vacation — on vacation, in the shop- in workshop, in the cold — in the cold) the first is neutral, the second is colloquial.

7. Nouns m.r. with a base on -th (sanatorium) in p.p. unit have an ending -and (in a sanatorium, about genius).

8. Nouns m.r. on the G, to, X in I.p. plural end in -and (mechanic, mechanics).

A number of nouns m.r. in I.p. plural has percussive endings a (-I): side — sides, the address — addresses, director — director. To the most common nouns that are consistently received in I.p. plural the ending -a (-I) relate: the address, shore, side, camp, master, room, order, Island, passport, a train, Professor, volume, Colour. There are cases of hesitation in the choice of variant endings: years — of the year, inspectors — inspector, spotlights — searchlights, sectors — sectors, locksmiths — locksmith, turners — turner, poplars — poplars, tractors — tractor, anchors — anchors. When there are fluctuations in use -s (-and) — a (-I) the latter are more characteristic of everyday or professional speech. At the same time, you should not mix variant forms that differ in meaning: images(fiction) and image(icons), teachers(thought leaders) and teachers(teachers), flowers(plants) and colors(coloring), etc.

9. Individual nouns have non-standard forms I.p. plural: brother — brothers, Englishman — English, kitty — kittens, Human — people, child — children.

10. Some groups of nouns m.r. in R.p. plural have the form I.p. unit (no ending). Such groups are: 1) separate names of persons by nationality O Buryat, Georgian,Lezghins, Turk, Gypsy; but Arabs,Mongols); 2) individual names of persons associated with military service ( hussar, partisan, soldier; but captains, majors); 3) separate names of units of measure when indicating their number ( ampere, watt, volt, hertz, ohm, x-ray).

In the case of fluctuations of forms with a zero ending and with -s, the first is characteristic of colloquial speech, and the latter - of a strictly literary language ( hectare, -ov; apricot, -ov).

Second declension

Feminine, masculine and common nouns with endings -a (-I)
case	Basic samples			Nouns in -and I and with base on the g, k, x, c, f, h, them, u
Singular
	star the male headman		fable	company disco	bird youth
	stars men elders		fables	companies discos	birds young men
	star man headman		fable	companies discotheque	bird young man
	star man headman		fable	company discotheque	bird young man
	star a man warden		fable	company discotheque	bird boys
	(about) star (about) man (about) headman		(about) fable	(about) companies (about) discotheque	(about) bird (about) young man
Plural
		stars men elders	fables	companies discos	birds young men
		stars men elders	fables	companies discos	birds boys
		stars men elders	fables	companies discos	birds young men
		stars men elders	fables	companies discos	birds boys
		stars men elders	fables	companies discos	birds young men
		(about) stars (about) men (about) elders	(about) fables	(about) companies (about) discos	(about) birds (about) young men

Comment. Nouns in T.p. unit endings vary -oh (-her) and -oy (-her) (hand, bird —hand, bird). The latter forms are usually found in poetry.

third declension

Declension of feminine nouns into -b
case	Singular		Plural
	model	night	models	nights
	models	nights	models	nights
	models	nights	models	at night
	model	night	models	nights
	model	at night	models	nights
	(about) models	(about) nights	(about) models	(about) nights

Comment(all types of declension).

1. Inanimate nouns of all genders have the same endings in I.p. and V.p. plural ( computers, stars, discos, devices, biofields, nights). Inanimate nouns m.r. and f.r. endings coincide in R.p. and V.p. plural ( contractors, representatives, doctors; boys; birds).

2. When used after transitive verbs of the perfect form of nouns in the form not V.p., but R.p. indicates the use of not the entire object (product), but only its part: buy sugar(all) - sugar(some part); take candy(all) - candy(some of them).

3. When declining nouns, alternations of sounds are observed. The most common of them include: a) alternation of a vowel with a zero sound: about (yo) — zero ( forehead - forehead, forehead, forehead; ice - ice, ice, ice); e - zero ( pepper - pepper, pepper, pepper; boy - boy, guy, guy); zero - o (yo) (window - windows, glass - glass); zero - e (ring - rings, heart - hearts, friends of friends, earth - land, village - villages); b) alternation of a consonant with a consonant ( bitches - bitches, friend - friends).

Nouns that have case endings characteristic of different types of declension are called heterogeneous. These include 10 nouns cf. on the -me (burden, time, udder, banner, name, flame, tribe, seed, stirrup and crown) and noun m.r. way having in R.p., D.p. and P.p. unit 3rd declension noun endings -and (no time, to the banner, in the flame; on my way), and in T.p. - nouns m.r. type ship, sable (time, banner; through). Nouns in -me in R.p., D.p., T.p. and P.p. in units additionally receive a suffix -en- (-yeon-) (banner — on the banner, on banners), nouns seed, stirrup in R.p. plural - suffix -yang (seeds). Declension patterns of such nouns are given in Table. 17.

Non-basic types of declension of nouns

neuter nounsbanner
case	Singular	Plural
	banner	banners
	banner	banners
	banner	banners
	banner	banners
	banner	banners
	(about) banner	(about) banners
Masculine nounsway
case	Singular	Plural
	way	way
	way	way
	way	ways
	way	way
	through	ways
	(about) way	(about) ways
Russian , alien
case	Singular	Plural
	Russian, alien	Russians, aliens
	Russian, alien	Russians, aliens
	Russian citizen, alien	Russians, aliens
	Russian, alien	Russians, aliens
	Russian, alien	Russians, aliens
	(about) Russians, (about) alien	(about) Russians, (about) aliens
Feminine nounsmother anddaughter
case	Singular	Plural
	mother, daughter	mothers, daughters
	mothers, daughters	mothers, daughters
	mothers, daughters	mothers, daughters
	mother, daughter	mothers, daughters
	mother, daughter	mothers, daughters (-ami)
	(about) mothers, daughters	(about) mothers, daughters
Masculine nounswolf cub, fox
case	Singular	Plural
	wolf cub, fox cub	cubs, cubs
	wolf cub, fox cub	cubs, fox cubs
	wolf cub, little fox	cubs, cubs
	wolf cub, fox cub	cubs, fox cubs
	wolf cub, fox cub	cubs, fox cubs
	(about) wolf cub, little fox	(about) cubs, cubs
Type nounshalf an hour
case	Singular
	half an hour
	half an hour
	half an hour
	half an hour
	half an hour
	(about) half an hour
Nouns,with adjective and participle endings
masculine
case	Singular	Plural
	new Russian, Russian speaking	new Russians, Russian speakers
	new Russian, Russian speaking	new Russians, Russian speakers
	new Russian, Russian speaker	new Russian, Russian speakers
	How I.p. or R.p.
	new Russian, Russian speakers	new Russians, Russian speakers
	(about) new Russian, (about) Russian speaking	(about) new Russians, (about) Russian speakers
Neuter gender
case	Singular	Plural
	predicate, subject	predicates, subject
	predicate, subject	predicates, subject
	predicate, subject	predicate, subject
	predicate, subject	predicates, subject
	predicate, subject	predicates, subject
	(about) predicate, (about) subject	(about) predicates, (about) subject
Feminine
case	Singular	Plural
	comma, clerk	commas, employees
	comma, employee	commas, employees
	comma, employee	comma, employees
	comma, serving	commas, employees
	comma, employee	commas, employees
	(about) comma, (about) employee	(about) commas, (about) employees
Declension of surnames on-in and-ev
case	Singular	Plural
	Yudin, Andreev	Yudin, Andreevs
	Yudin, Andreeva	Yudin, Andreevs
	Yudin, Andreev	Yudin, Andreev
	Yudin, Andreeva	Yudin, Andreevs
	Yudin, Andreev	Yudin, Andreevs
	(about) Yudin, (about) Andreev	(about) Yudin, (about) Andreevs

1. Case of nouns

Nouns change by case. case- the form of a noun, expressing its syntactic relationship with other words in the sentence. Case is an inflectional category, realized with the help of endings. In russian language six cases:

• nominative(the nominative case is always used without a preposition, in a sentence it is a subject or a predicate);
• indirect cases: genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional (the prepositional case is always used with prepositions, other indirect cases can be used with or without prepositions).

2. Declension of nouns

declination- this is a change of nouns in cases. Exist three declensions nouns. The distribution by declension depends on the gender of nouns and their ending in the nominative singular.

3. Special endings of nouns in -y, -y, -y

Nouns of the 1st declension on -and I(army, lecture) and 2nd declension on -th and -s(genius, sanatorium, meeting) in the prepositional case have an ending -and(about a genius, in a sanatorium, at a meeting, in the army). Nouns in -and I in the dative case also end in -and(cf .: give to Marya, but give to Mary).

4. Variable nouns

ten nouns per -me (burden, time, udder, banner, name, flame, tribe, seed, stirrup, crown ) and the noun path are inflected. In the genitive, dative and prepositional cases of the singular, they have the ending of the 3rd declension -i. In other cases, they have endings of the 2nd declension.

When declensing nouns into -me a formative suffix is ​​added to the root -en (-yeon): names - names, banners - banners. The words seed and stirrup in the genitive plural have a suffix -yang(but not - en): seeds, stirrups. The words burden, udder, flame, crown do not have a plural.

5. Indeclinable nouns

Indeclinable nouns have the same form for all cases, i.e. do not bow: bought a piano (v.p.), play piano (p.p.). The indestructibles include:

• many nouns of foreign origin with final vowels: radio, metro, scoreboard, taxi, stew, kangaroo, menu, Dumas, Oslo, Baku;
• foreign surnames ending in a consonant and denoting females: Roman Voynich (r.p.); if such a surname denotes a male person, it is inclined according to the 2nd declension: Remarque's novel;
• Russian and Ukrainian surnames in -o and -ih (s): Franko, Chernykh, Dolgikh, Zhivago’, such surnames are not inclined regardless of the gender of the person bearing this surname;
• many compound words: Moscow State University, GAI, hydroelectric power station.

Nouns in -anine, -yanin in many hours lose suffix -in: city ​​dweller - townspeople .

Nouns are especially declined: mother, daughter, way, child.

Declension of nouns in the singular. Table

6. Declension of plural nouns

1. Most nouns in nominative plural have endings:

1st fold. well. R. abbreviations s, army and, m. men s, young man and
2nd fold. m. baby and, father s cf. floor I, glass a
3rd fold. well. R. step and, daughter and

2. Some nouns masculine nominative plural are used with the endings -А, -Я. For example: beach a, century a, city a, postmark I, anchor I.

3. Nouns differ in meaning:

4. In the nominative plural, two forms of endings are possible.

Good afternoon, dear student! Today we will talk about the typical mistakes that foreigners make when studying Russian. One of these mistakes is the confusion in the endings when declining nouns. But before we move on to the analysis of errors, I want to remind you that in Russian all nouns are divided into 3 types of declension. Declension is a change of nouns in numbers and cases. In Russian, the gender is divided into 3 types: feminine, masculine and neuter. In previous articles, I also talked about the common gender, which also raises doubts among foreigners. In order to correctly decline a noun by cases, it is necessary to determine the gender and type of declension. There are only 3 types of declension in Russian and they include nouns of the following kind:

1 Declension Endings Example
Feminine -a, -ya Shark / Earth - a shark / a ground
Masculine -а, -я Uncle / Grandfather - an uncle / a grandpa

2 Declension Endings Example
Middle gender -o, -e Saddle / Sea - a saddle / the sea
Masculine Zero Bull / Corner - a bull / a corner

3 Declension Endings Example
Feminine zero Branch / Smooth surface - a branch / a smooth surface

In order to correctly decline a noun, you must first determine the gender, look at the endings in the nominative case (this is the form that is given in the dictionary), singular and in this way, we determine the declension, for example, from our tablet it can be seen that the word "land" is feminine , firstly, in this word the ending is -я, and we know that the endings -а / -я are usually feminine in Russian. In the nominative case, singular, this word remains in the form "earth". Accordingly, the ending -а/-я is feminine and refers to the 1st declension.

And now let's see how the nouns of the 1st declension change by case and what endings the word acquires in one or another case. We have only 6 cases, to make it easier to remember them, imagine the following sentence:

And van R killed D ditch, AT arvara T experience P echku - Ivan is chopping wood, Varvara is heating an oven.

Please pay attention to the first letters of each word in this sentence, they begin with the same letters as the cases in Russian and to make it easier for you to remember them, we came up with such a funny Russian sentence, and below are our cases:
And nominative
R positive
D atelic
AT intelligible
T eloquent
P prepositional

In Russian, each case has its own question to make it easier to decline words, but I think that a foreigner needs to know them, especially if your level is not bad, then this will be a good support. I also recommend using helper words, for example:

Let's decline for example the word "dawn" of the 1st declension, feminine (since the ending is -я)

Thus, we see from the example that the noun "dawn" changes its ending depending on the case. Consider what endings the words of the 1st declension of the feminine gender have:

Now consider what endings nouns have 1st declension masculine ending in -а/-я:

So, as you can see from the table, nouns of the 1st declension of the masculine gender have the same endings as those of the nouns of the 1st declension of the feminine gender, which makes it easier for those who study Russian.