The Russian Federation occupies the largest territory among all countries in the world. Actually, Russia owns an eighth of all territories in general. Therefore, many are interested in the question of where the extreme points of the territory of Russia are located.

The answers will be different depending on whether we consider only mainland points or any extreme objects. Let's take a look at both of them.

The southernmost point of Russia

As for the southernmost point of Russia, it is located on the Eurasian continent and, therefore, is mainland. It is located on the territory of Dagestan, which itself is the southernmost subject of the Russian Federation.

A significant part of the territory of the republic is occupied by the mountains and foothills of the Caucasus, in the north there is a lowland and the Caspian Sea. In the south, Dagestan borders on Azerbaijan, and it is on the border with this country that the southernmost coordinate is located.

Its coordinates are 41°11′07″ north latitude 47°46′54″ east longitude. This extreme southern point is located in the mountains at an altitude of about 3500 m, not far from Mount Ragdan.

The southernmost settlement of the Russian Federation is Derbent. The second oldest city in Russia arose as early as the 4th millennium BC and was of great strategic importance. In the city you can see amazing architectural monuments, such as the Naryn-Kala fortress.

northernmost point

The northernmost point of the Russian Federation coincides with the northernmost point of Eurasia. This is Cape Fligeli, which is located on Rudolf Island (Franz Josef Land archipelago). This cape is named after the cartographer who described these places; coordinates of the point 81°50′35″ north latitude 59°14′22″ east longitude.

And the extreme northern mainland point of Russia is Cape Chelyuskin. Located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it was first reached by members of the Second Kamchatka Expedition in the middle of the 18th century and named after the navigator S.I. Chelyuskin.

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The climate here is very severe, winter lasts more than 11 and a half months, frosts reach -52. Nevertheless, the climate on Chelyuskin is, so to speak, milder than on Oymyakon, one of the coldest places in the world.

The northernmost city in Russia is Pevek. No one lived here for a long time because of the battle that took place in antiquity, but in the 20th century they appreciated the natural bay, which made it possible to create a convenient port, and nearby deposits of tin and gold. However, the pace of development of the northernmost city in Russia cannot be called fast. The first two-story building in Pevek appeared only in 1942.

The city has an unusual building: each microdistrict, like a wall, is fenced on one side by a tall building. This is protection from the strongest wind, the southerner, which suddenly falls on the city, reaching hurricane speed and greatly reducing atmospheric pressure. Yuzhak can last from several hours to two days.

The westernmost point of Russia

In the west, the extreme point of Russia is located on the Baltic Spit. This is the border post Normeln, whose coordinates are 54°27′45″ north latitude 19°38′19″ east longitude.

The Baltic Spit is a narrow strip of the mainland that separates part of the Gulf of Gdansk. The spit stretches for 65 km, and only part of it (about half) belongs to the Russian Federation, the rest is the territory of Poland.

The westernmost point of Russia is located on the mainland, not far from the city of Kaliningrad (Königsberg), one of the most beautiful cities in Russia. Kaliningrad is a recognized tourist center with many amazing architectural monuments and good hotels. The influx of tourists is held back by the need to have a passport and obtain a visa to travel through the territory of Lithuania.

The westernmost city in Russia is Baltiysk, located near Kaliningrad. This is a rather large city, in which the largest base of the Russian Navy in the Baltic is located. There is also a train station and a large port.

This city was closed for a long time, so the magnificent nature has been preserved here almost untouched: sandy beaches, coniferous forests; There are also historical monuments.

The easternmost point of Russia

And the last of the extreme points of the Russian border is the eastern one. This is Ratmanov Island, whose coordinates are 65°47′ north latitude 169°01′ west longitude. It is named after the Russian navigator M.I. Ratmanov and is located in the Bering Strait.

The easternmost point of Russia cannot boast of being crowded: only the base of the border guards is located here. But expanse for birds: on the island there is one of the largest bird colonies, where they even saw an ocher hummingbird. There is also a huge walrus rookery.

If we talk about the extreme mainland points of Russia, then this is Cape Dezhnev. From here to Alaska is only 80 km. Here, too, expanse for walruses and numerous species of birds, and whales, killer whales, and seals are found in the sea nearby.

Cape Dezhnev is named after the Russian traveler Semyon Dezhnev, who described these places in the 17th century. Dezhnev's expedition stopped here, the travelers stayed with the Eskimos.

Now these places are also inhabited by Eskimos. The population, of course, is small: the climate at Cape Dezhnev is harsh, arctic.

The easternmost city of Russia is Anadyr, which is 6,200 km away from Moscow. This is not a very big city in the Chukotka region, which traces its history back to the late 19th century. The climate here is subarctic; fishing is developed, there is a seaport. Oddly enough, the city has repeatedly been awarded the “Most comfortable city in Russia” award.

Just a few years ago, a striking discovery in the field of archeology took place near Anadyr: scientists discovered a petrified forest, which was attributed to the Upper Paleocene time.

The lowest and highest coordinates

The lowest point in Russia is the bottom of the Caspian Sea. Its depth is -28 m.
The Caspian Sea is sometimes called a lake, but due to its size, as well as the fact that its bed consists of rocks of oceanic origin, more often it is still considered a sea.

There are several states on the Caspian coast; The Russian coast has a length of 695 km.

The highest point in Russia is Mount Elbrus, located in the Caucasus and also the highest point in Europe. Elbrus has a height of 5642 m and is one of the highest mountains in the world.
On the mountain there are cable cars, high-altitude shelters. Elbrus is loved by climbers all over the world. The mountain is relatively uncomplicated, but there are many cracks on it, and the weather conditions are quite difficult, as a result of which up to 20 athletes die here every year. The main cause of accidents is freezing.

For example, ten years ago, almost all members of a group of 12 people froze to death on Elbrus. However, climbers still strive to conquer this peak again and again. Already after 2010, disabled climbers from Indonesia and Russia climbed Elbrus twice.

The extreme point of the country in the north still remains - this is Cape Chelyuskin on the Taimyr Peninsula (77 ° 43 "N), which is also considered the northernmost point of Eurasia. An additional island point is also taken into account - Cape Fligeli, on Rudolf Island, which belongs to the Franz Josef Land archipelago (81 ° 49 "N). The extreme western point - the city of Baltiysk, is considered the outport of Kaliningrad. The extreme eastern point is Cape Dezhnev and Ratmanov Island. But the extreme southern point of Russia has now changed: before it was in Turkmenistan, it was the village of Kushka. At present, the southernmost point of our country is located southwest of Mount Bazardyuzyu and east of the Main Caucasian Range, not far from the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. The first recorded ascent of Bazarduzu was made by Russian topographers in 1873.

Bazarduzu, whose height is 4,466 m, is one of the most memorable peaks of the Caucasus Range. It is just incredibly suitable for mountaineering. Its gentle southern slope is optimal for beginner climbers, and the icy northern, almost sheer wall belongs to the highest category of difficulty. Bazardyuzyu had different names for different peoples. Some translated this word as "mountain with a flat top", others called it Tikisar - High Head. Lezgins called it as Kichevnedag - the mountain of Horror. But in translation from Turkic it means “market square”, more precisely, “turn to the bazaar”.

Since ancient times, in these places in the Azerbaijani valley of Shakhnabady, which is located to the east of this mountain, a large annual fair was held, which was attended not only by merchants and buyers from nearby regions and states, but also by people from such countries as:

In order not to get lost, everyone was guided by the most noticeable mountain Bazardyuzyu, the ice wall of which immediately gave a complete picture of the location of the fair, since in this place it was necessary to turn left, overcome a small pass and go to the desired place.

The distance between the northern and southern points of Russia is more than four thousand kilometers. In combination with the latitudinal position, this determines the different intensity of heat supply to the entire surface area of ​​the country, which is why three climatic zones are formed - arctic, subarctic, temperate. As well as ten natural zones.

At present, the southernmost point of Russia is located at an altitude of over 3,500 m and is located 2.2 km east of Mount Radgan, southwest of the mountains Nesen (3.7 km) and Bazardyuzyu (7.3 km).

The most southern city of our country is Derbent (Dagestan). In 2015, the celebration of its 2000th anniversary took place. The location of the city in the narrowest place of the Caspian Passage influenced its architecture and the location of defensive buildings and walls. The longest wall is considered to be west of the citadel, the length of which is 40 km. Its construction made it impossible to bypass the fortress along the mountain passes. The name of the city "Derbent" first appeared in documents of the 7th century and meant "Locked Gates" in Persian.

In the center of the old city is the oldest mosque in the CIS and Russia, Juma Mosque. In 733, in addition to 7 mosques built in each of the mahals of Derbent, a large mosque was built for the common Friday prayer. The final formation of the entire complex was completed in 1815. But during the atheistic campaign carried out in the USSR, in the thirties of the last century, the Juma Mosque was closed, and then in 1943 it was returned to the clergy of the city. In 2015, it underwent restoration. Oriental plane trees, which have crossed the age of several centuries, are protected by the All-Russian State Program "Trees - Monuments of Wildlife". Their dense foliage protects pilgrims and numerous tourists in hot sunny weather.

Derbent today is a real city-museum, with a history that has been going on for the third millennium. It has been preserved in its place since ancient times. Due to its favorable location, the Roman Empire, the Golden Horde, enlightened Byzantium and even the Khazar Khaganate constantly tried to capture it.

Most of the inhabitants of the ancient city keep and breed pigeons. Many yards, according to tradition, are equipped with dovecotes, they are also installed in attics and in the shade under trees. Soaring white birds over the ancient city are extraordinarily beautiful, their flight is impossible to forget.

Derbent is also famous for its carpets, the production of which began in the 5th century, and modern carpets are made using the same old technologies, from natural materials.

Derbent is the most famous ancient city, not far from which the southernmost point is located. Close to it is Mount Radgan, whose height is 4,020 m, but it is marked only on large-scale maps.

Russia is the largest state on the globe. The territory of our country is more than 17 ml.km². The distance between the northern and southern margins is more than 4 thousand km., between the western and eastern about 10 thousand km. In Russia, there are 11 time zones, the time difference between the extreme points of the hour range is 11 hours. 40 minutes. Impressive number! While some Russians in Kaliningrad are preparing their breakfast and getting ready for work, others in Vladivostok have already returned home from work and are sitting down to dinner. No less striking is the difference in temperature regimes between the northern and southern climatic zones, which in the off-season can be up to 30-40 degrees.

What points of our country are considered the most extreme?

If we take into account the continental territory, then the most extreme points will be:

• North: Cape Chelyuskin (Krasnoyarsk Territory).
• East: Cape Dezhnev (Chukotka).
• South: a point slightly east of Mount Ragdan (Dagestan) It does not appear on maps.
• West: not marked on the maps, located on the coast of the Baltic Sea near Kaliningrad.

If we take into account the island territory, the extreme points, with the exception of the southern one, will be different:

• North: Cape Fligely on the northernmost island of the Franz Josef Land archipelago.
• East: frontier post on Ratmanov Island (Chukotka).
• West: border post Normenln (Kaliningrad region).

What cities are located in close proximity to the most extreme points of our country?

1. North: Pevek (Chukotka).
2. East: Anadyr (Chukotka).
3. South: Derbent (Dagestan).
4. West: Baltiysk (Kaliningrad region).

Let's talk about the extreme points of Russia in more detail:

North

The continental northern point is located at Cape Chelyuskin, which is located in the north of the Taimyr Peninsula. This territory was discovered by the famous explorer of the Arctic - Semyon Chelyuskin in the forties of the 18th century. Further north is Cape Fligeli, located on Rudolf Island (Arkhangelsk region), which is considered the northernmost island point of the Russian Federation. Almost the entire territory of the island is covered with a layer of eternal ice. The climate here in the full sense of the word is arctic. The average annual temperature on the island is minus 12ºC. Even in July, the temperature very rarely rises to positive levels. The average daily temperature in July is -1°C, in January -24°C.

Cape Chelyuskin

East

Cape Dezhnev, the easternmost continental territory of the Russian Federation, was discovered by the Russian traveler Semyon Dezhnev in 1648. The cape is a mountain range on the coast of the Bering Strait. The climate is harsh, the temperature in winter can drop below 40ºC, in summer it usually does not exceed plus 8ºC. Numerous colonies of birds settle on the elephants of the hills, which steeply drop into the sea, and walruses and seals arrange their rookeries on the coastal strip. In the spring you can see polar bears here. From Cape Dezhnev, a stone's throw to America - only 86 km separate the easternmost point of Russia from the westernmost outskirts of America Cape Prince of Wales. Despite the remoteness from civilization, tourists often come here - adherents of original travels. They are attracted by the brutal beauty of the local nature and local attractions - an old wooden cross and a lighthouse-monument to Semyon Dezhnev. Further east is the island extreme point - Ratmanov Island, which is washed by the waters of the Bering Strait. There is a border post here. Its employees bear the honorary title of Russians who celebrate the new year first.

South

The southern outskirts of our country is located not far from the mountain peak of the Caucasus Range - Ragdan (4020 m.). The average annual air temperature here, frankly, is far from being southern, only plus 4 ° C. Alpine meadows at the foot of the mountain are replaced by sparse vegetation on its slopes. A rare representative of the animal world lives here - the Caucasian snowcock (leopard)

West

The western outskirts of our state runs along the Baltic Spit - a 65-kilometer strip of land between the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Kaliningrad. The spit is divided in the middle by the border with Poland. The westernmost kilometers of the spit are occupied by a border outpost. The Poles turned their part into a real tourist mecca, creating a fashionable resort there. The Russian territory was classified for a long time and practically abandoned. Lovers of “wild” recreation come here, for whom these places are a great opportunity to escape from civilization. They live here in tents or abandoned buildings without amenities, sacrificing comfort for many kilometers of sandy beaches, healing sea air and unique nature.

February 18, 2014

The grandiose territory of Russia

Russia is rightfully considered the largest country in the world. Here, on its territory, there are three climatic zones and ten natural zones. From east to west, the length of the country is 10 thousand kilometers and 10 time zones.

Russia is the largest state in the world. When the New Year is already celebrated in the east, the evening of the previous day is just beginning in the western regions. The extreme eastern point of the country is Cape Dezhnev, located on the Chukotka Peninsula. There is an ancient cross and a lighthouse named after the pioneer. Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev was the first navigator to sail through the Bering Strait. But all the glory, unfortunately, went to Bering, who did it 80 years later. Only 200 years later, a Swedish explorer named the easternmost cape of Russia after Dezhnev. Not far from the cape there is Ratmanov Island, on which there is a mountain range called the Roof, on the slopes, which was inhabited by local residents - the Eskimos.

The northernmost point in Russia

The western extreme point of Russia is 10 thousand kilometers away from the eastern one and is located in the Kaliningrad region. It is located on the coast of the Baltic Sea. The Kaliningrad region is divided with Russia by the territory of other countries and is a kind of Russian island among other Baltic states. Therefore, sometimes it is sometimes not taken into account and they say that the most extreme point of Russia in the west is located in the Pskov region at the junction of the borders of three countries - Latvia, Russia and Estonia. In determining the length of the state from east to west, one and the other point should be taken into account.

The northernmost point of Russia is located beyond the Arctic Circle, on the Taimyr Peninsula. It was there that the Great Northern Expedition was created in order to explore the territory of the country. Then the cape was called East North, but after 100 years it was named after the famous navigator Semyon Chelyuskin. It is winter on the peninsula almost the whole year and the snow does not melt at all. Even in the very middle of summer, the mercury column in the thermometer does not rise above +1 degree Celsius. There is a polar meteorological station here, where only 10 people are constantly present. Helicopters provide communication with the mainland. They also deliver food and necessary things here.

Southern point of Russia

In the south, the extreme point of Russia is located on Mount Bazarduzu on the border of Azerbaijan and Dagestan. It is more than 3.6 thousand kilometers away from the northern edge. There are beautiful mountains in the North Caucasus, on the tops of which eternal glaciers lie. Many nationalities live there, very fond of their harsh land, they cultivate plots of land suitable for agriculture or breed sheep. According to another version, the southernmost point is located on another mountain called Ragdan. At its foot there is also the southernmost village - Kurush.

Many climbers make their ascents in the mountains of the Caucasus. There are many outwardly impregnable peaks here, the conquest of which gives climbers joy and pride. Russia is the largest country in the world. over its large area. There is also the tundra, with its permafrost, in which day and night last for half a year, and endless steppes and centuries-old taiga. It is in our country that the border between Europe and Asia runs along the Ural Mountains.

Russians can be proud of their country, its mountains and steppes, seas and lakes. Between north and south, its length is 4 thousand kilometers. Between west and east - 10 thousand. This territory belongs to all residents of Russia.

The extreme point is considered the most remote place in the north, south, west and east, where the state border or the mainland of the country ends. Extreme points may be continental or include islands or exclaves. Russia occupies the largest area among all the states of the world. Throughout the history of the country, its borders have repeatedly changed. This article presents the most extreme western, eastern, northern, southern geographic points of both the continental part of Russia and taking into account the islands, as well as the most remote cities of the country.

Extreme points of the mainland

• The northern point is located on Cape Chelyuskin (77 ° 43 "North latitude), Taimyrsky. The lands lie beyond the Arctic Circle, winter here lasts almost all year round. There is a meteorological station on the cape, the number of temporary population does not exceed ten people.
• The southern point is located southwest of Mount Bazarduzu, on the border with Azerbaijan (41 ° 13 "North latitude). According to another version, Mount Ragdan is closer to the southern point, but it is depicted only on large-scale maps.
• The western point is located on the Baltic Spit in the Baltic Sea near the city of Kaliningrad (19 ° 38 "East longitude).
• The eastern point is located on Cape Dezhnev (169 ° 40 "West longitude). The mountain range abruptly breaks off to the sea. In good weather, you can see the western coast of Alaska from the cape.

Extreme points including islands and other lands

• The northern point is Cape Fligely (81°50"35"N 59°14"22"E). It is located on Rudolf, which is part of the Franz Josef Land archipelago. Severe weather conditions make the island difficult to visit. There are no settlements, camps or frontier posts here. To mark the extreme point in 2003, a wooden cross was erected on the cape.
• The southern point is located southwest of Mount Bazarduzu, on the border with Azerbaijan (41°11"07" north latitude 47°46"54" longitude east). According to another version, Mount Ragdan is closer to the southern point, but it is depicted only on large-scale maps.
• The western point is located at the border post Normeln, located on the Baltic Spit in the Kaliningrad region (54 ° 27 "45" north latitude 19 ° 38 "19" east longitude). The lands border on Poland. No more than a thousand people live on the spit.
• Eastern point - located on Ratmanov Island, in the Bering Strait (65 ° 47 "north latitude 169 ° 01" western longitude). The state border passes here, on the island itself there is a frontier post.

Extreme cities of Russia

• Pevek is the northernmost city of the country (69 ° 42 "north latitude). It is located in Chukotka. After the collapse of the USSR, the settlement began to rapidly die out, today the number of inhabitants does not exceed five thousand. Summer in the city is short and cold, sometimes it does not have time to melt on the hills snow In winter, the temperature drops to -30°C, blizzards often sweep.
• Derbent, the southernmost city, is located in Dagestan (42 ° 04 "northern latitude). In addition to its unique geographical location, Derbent stands out for its age. It is the oldest city in Russia. The settlement attracts with its proximity to the sea, subtropical forest and vineyards. A lighthouse in the city center considered the most southern in the country.
• Baltiysk is located in the west (19 ° 55 "east longitude). It is here that the base of the Baltic Fleet is located. The city remained closed until the beginning of the 21st century. Tourists, in addition to the sea and beaches, are attracted by unique architecture. Medieval defensive structures have been preserved here: the Pillau citadel, Fort Shtile The visiting card of Baltiysk is a lighthouse.
• Anadyr in Chukotka is Russia's easternmost city (177°30" east). It has a short summer that lasts two and a half months. Winters are cold and hurricane winds are not uncommon. Travelers are greeted upon arrival by brightly colored houses. see the Northern Lights.Swan Lake Elgygytgyn is distinguished from the sights.The Holy Trinity Cathedral is a unique architectural monument.

Marginal permanent settlements

• In the north - the urban-type settlement of Dikson, Krasnoyarsk Territory (73 ° 30 "North latitude).
• In the south - the village of Kurush, the Republic of Dagestan (41 ° 16 "North latitude).
• In the west - the city of Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region (19 ° 55 "East longitude).
• In the east - the village of Uelen, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (169 ° 48 "West longitude).

Extreme heights of the country

• The lowest point in Russia is the level of the Caspian Sea (-28 meters below sea level).
• The highest point of the country is the top of Mount Elbrus (5642 meters above sea level).
• The highest point in the Asian part of Russia -