Choose words that are more suitable synonyms from the modern lexicon, expressing your thoughts clearly.

Avoid stereotypes and vulgar jargon (non-literary slang), be more original and independent in expressing your ideas. Breaking patterns - makes communication and communication more interesting, improves perception.

Try to keep it simple and people will listen.

Read good fiction, Russian classics, recognized contemporary authors. Persistently get rid of binary, clip thinking, imposed by the matrix and the narrow format of the mass media dis.information.

Talk to intelligent people more often.

Ask your friends and relatives to "catch on the word" and correct, on occasion.

Practice pronunciationby pronouncing them at the same time, and quickly and smoothly. Hasty and jerky ("dog-like") pronunciation of phrases - cuts the ear, acts repulsively on the audience, sets them up negatively in relation to the speaker. Abusive and command intonations in speech, on a reflex, unconscious level, negatively affect the psyche of listeners, initiate a defensive reaction and reciprocal aggression.

Follow the rules of pronunciation, use dictionaries.

An effective method of getting rid of the virus of obsessive words and speech clichés is to record your reading on the recorder, from a sheet of a book, of an arbitrary, unfamiliar text. Then understanding comes and practice is developed, the skill of the optimal technique of oral speech, a sense of rhythm. The main points of the training: not individual words are pronounced, but already meaningful sentences, the meaning of which is colored by the corresponding intonations, pauses, interjections and clarifications. Special exercises correct slurred pronunciation. The monotony of speech is replaced by a dynamic pace.

Exercises for the development of speech technique.

Empirically find your "initial, natural timbre of voice." To do this, you need to perform exercises for setting the voice. At the same time, raising your hands (like) - feel the resonance of the sound in the space in front of you (this is for training and reciting poetry, and not for modulating anywhere).

Speak slowly, in a calm tone. Adjust your volume and energy - according to the situation and surroundings. Do not go on a strong cry (torn voice, damaged vocal cords - it will be difficult to restore them, chronic hoarseness and falsetto, hoarse sounds will appear).

When speaking, keep your posture free, do not stretch your neck forward. Breathing - the stomach (that is, the diaphragm). The sound should resonate in the respiratory apparatus and cranial sinuses, sound in the larynx - as in the vault of the dome of the temple. At the same time, clear diction, articulation of all syllables in spoken words is preserved.

Gesticulation, facial expressions and other body movements - minimize. Express your thought in human language, with the help of words. Professional theater and film actors use, in addition, movements and body plasticity.

Do not abuse foreign words, do not brag about a brilliant knowledge of English, German or French. Use our beautiful, “great, mighty, truthful and free” Russian language to the fullest and competently.

Exude sincerity and kindness. If you are an announcer or TV and radio host professionally working in the media, understand the essence of the information being broadcast, clarify unclear points with expert experts in advance, carefully prepare for the broadcast.

Until now, the Soviet school of training announcers and presenters on radio and television remains unsurpassed. At the same time, there is a degradation, a decrease in the quality of education. Old, experienced professionals leave, and they are replaced by, often, eternal half-educated, tongue-tied and narrow-minded, victims of the modern education system, with an absurd Unified State Examination, or even amateurs who have nothing to do with this profession.

From the broadcasting studio - you can’t arrange a catering canteen. The sight of food and sweet drinks, on the table, in front of radio hosts and announcers - makes them periodically, carnivorously and loudly swallow saliva, which is heard by a wide audience. It sounds, on the air, ugly and ridiculous.

The main word in the sentence is highlighted by logical stress (stretching - slowing down pronunciation, timbre and voice power), and from the rest - you need to learn how to remove stress.

The working population of the country, in terms of mentality, is closer and more beloved to announcers and presenters who come from the provincial hinterland, from the periphery, modest and not spoiled by the capital's glamor. Everything else causes, to varying degrees, irritation and righteous indignation of the most numerous categories of television viewers and radio listeners.

Do not curry favor with your listeners, but respect them. Don't be selfish.

Words are pronounced clearly, clearly audible to the last letter, and "not swallowed."

The speech should resemble a casual conversation, with a neutral melodic tone. Improvise.

Learn to deliberately take logical pauses to articulate your next phrase briefly and clearly.

However, his definition is most used among philologists: "These are words and sounds that clog up oral speech."

But not all words are like that. Verbs, nouns and adjectives, prepositions and conjunctions never act as such verbal tricks. For the most part, these are words with a weak lexical meaning:

• pronouns ( it's like it)
• particles (index - here, modal - perhaps, interrogative - Yes, affirmative - means, comparative - as if summarizing - well)
• introductory words ( seems to be)

List of junk words

2. "Literally"

Means literally - She is literally busy all day, that is, in the truest sense of the word.

3. "In short"

Make something long shorter.

A person wants to shorten his speech when he is not disposed to communicate and does not like to chat. But this infinite "shorter" achieves the opposite effect.

4. "Estimate" (from the verb estimate)

Estimate in your mind (count) or estimate! (just think).

5. "So"

1) from the verb to mean - have some meaning, importance, express something.

What does all of this mean?

2) introductory word (colloquial) - therefore, therefore

Meansyou have chosen the right plan.

3) union - therefore, thus

You're late, so you're not interested.

6. "So to say"

Used to clarify what is being said. - If you do it that way, it will be better.

7. "As if"

1) Union - used when expressing conditionality and presumptiveness, comparison:

I love the storm in early May,

When the first spring thunder

As if frolicking and playing,

Rumbles in the blue sky.

F.I. Tyutchev

2) Particle - as if

I kind of develop a project

I kind of work on diction

I kind of know the topic of the speech

“As if” means “as if”, that is, it expresses uncertainty, incompetence. Either yes or no. But not necessarily. One can see uncertainty and approximateness both in speech and in a person, in his goals, in actions.

The “as if” particle filled our entire life environment. All around as if: there is nothing certain, exact, true. How would we live. How would we communicate. How would we work. How would love...

Speech is like a living organism that reflects our reality. If a person uses “as if” too often in his speech, this indicates his insolvency and inability to make a choice. He can't take personal responsibility, whatever it is. Do you want to have such a comrade, colleague, friend next to you? Most probably not.

I do, we live, she loves, he works, they know.

Do you feel a completely different energy of words? In addition, there is a feeling of confidence that we are doing everything right: with serious intentions, necessarily and competently.

8. "In life"

Noun in the dative case with a preposition - sincerely, in truth

In life, he is lucky.

The use of unnecessary and meaningless words turns them into speech garbage:

In short, the old man and the old woman baked a bun. And he, count, as if he ran away and it means that the fox ate him.

10. "Literally"

11. "After all"

12. "Do you see", "do you know"

13. "In kind"

14. “In some way”, “in general”, “in general”, “in general”, “in principle”, “practically”, “actually”

16. “Really”, “actually”, “the point is”, “true”, “just”, “straight”

17. "Yoshkin cat", "yo-mine", "yoklmn", "eprst", "fir-trees-sticks", "yokar babai", "yomase"

Most likely, these words are analogues of a swear word with the letter "ё". There is no meaning of the word - it is used for a bunch or in order to simply swear.

18. "As they say", "like him", "how to say"

19. "Can you imagine", "imagine"

20. "Fuck it", "fuck it"

22. "Well", "well here"

23. "Listen", "understand"

24. "Let's say", "actually speaking", "let's say"

25. "Only"

26. "That is"

28. “This”, “this is the most”, “I mean”, “I will say”, "like him"

29. "Respect", "cool"

30. "Baby", "bunny", "kitty"

Some have a habit of calling everyone they meet with affectionate words. When we turn to a close and dear person, this is permissible. But it is quite another thing to say such a thing to a stranger.

Do not forget such common interjections as "uh-uh-uh", "ah-ah-ah-ah", nervous scratching of the nose, rubbing hands and so on.

Reasons for their use

1) Limited vocabulary

Often, poorly educated people suffer from the presence of weed words. But there are exceptions: for some cultured and very literate people, the predominance of so many words becomes an image. However, there is a difference between their conscious use and reflex.

2) Low speed of thinking

5) Deliberate use of trashy words

6) Fashion influence

It happens that a word that has become widespread begins to stick to every person. Do not speak like everyone else - immediately cut off unnecessary words.

What does a person look like when he uses dirty words?

1. He looks insecure

2. Gets confused and stutters

3. Becomes uninteresting

Especially for the opposite sex. With close communication, weedy words very quickly begin to unnerve the ear and annoy. And then this irritation is transferred to the one who pours out such words.

3. Doesn't make a good impression

The general principle is this: you should increase the value of each weed word. Now, it seems that one extra "uh" or "well" is worthless. But this is only at first glance! They can cost your career, love, friends...

1. Take breaks

Very often people use weedy words and interjections because they are afraid to be silent. Feel free to pause - this will add "weight" to yours.

The art of eloquence is based on correctly made speech pauses.

This way you will see that you are being listened to and given time to speak. This will ease the tension and make it easier for you to speak.

3. Practice Everywhere

Here are some practical tips:

1. Record your speech on a voice recorder

2. Help other people

Ask a friend or family member to monitor the purity of your speech.

3. System of fines

4. Replace the junk word with a synonym

5. Read more classic literature

Regularly reading works aloud, in addition to expanding your vocabulary, you will improve diction, hone articulation, get rid of rude expressions and angularity of speech.

6. Learn poems and tell them to someone

7. Speak slowly and think about words

8. Make up your speech in short and simple sentences

9. Write down interesting phrases you find and then insert them into speech

10. Socializing with people who have a rich vocabulary will do you good.

11. Speak various proverbs and sayings

12. Work with dictionaries: phraseological, explanatory and others

13. Learn speech etiquette

INTRODUCTION

The language of the people is both rich and precise,

But there are, alas, inaccurate words,

They grow like weeds

On poorly plowed roadsides.

N. Rylenkov

Object of study: speech of students of MBOU secondary school No. 1 of the village. Troitsko-Pechorsk.

Purpose of the study: draw students' attention to their speech. Tasks:

study literature, Internet resources on the research topic;

Practical part:

questioning;

In my work I used the following research methods:

study of literature on the problem;

searching for information on the Internet;

questioning;

analysis, comparison and generalization of the received information;

visual representation of information in the form of tables and diagrams.

Table 1

	Group
		uh-uh, meh-uh,
		Well, here, like, so, simply, directly, as it were
	Introductory units	In general, in general, in principle, let's say, then, in short, for example, you understand, as a matter of fact, listen, therefore, so to speak
	Pronouns, pronominal adverbs	This, this is the most like it, there
	Transition from one part of speech to another	Damn, damn
	Modal words	Of course, probably, probably, it seems

Example: In the morning he gets up: “Oh, damn it, I’m reluctant to do exercises.” Does. "Oh, damn it, I have no appetite at all, I'll die soon." Breakfast time. “Oh, damn it, there’s no health at all.” And so the whole day ...

2. Yo-kalemene (yokalemene, yokalamene, yokalamene), eprst (operesete), yoksel-moksel - spontaneous emotional exclamation. The first syllable resembles a swear formula, so these statements are euphemisms. The speaker, as it were, catches on after the start of pronouncing the swear phrase and then pronounces, with some distortions, the names of the letters of the Russian alphabet, thereby, as if brushing aside the possibility of accusing him of foul language. These statements are playful and colloquially reduced 9, p.171.

Example: Well, the weather, yo-kalemene, a good owner will not kick the dog out of the house!

Example:"Blue domes", yoksel-moksel, honest mother! It's time to get out of here.

3. In short - often used as a pause filler, usually in difficult, undeveloped speech; transformed "in short". It can act in the meaning of a particle and in the function of an introductory word. Close in meaning to "means", "well", "here". It is slang, youth 9, p.274.

Example: We met, in short, with Seryoga. Gray and says: let's go to the bar, in short. Is there money? There is, says, in short, let's go.

4. Type - a particle that can act as an introductory word; meaningless pause filler, "verbal garbage", usually found in somewhat difficult, undeveloped speech, more often among representatives of the criminal world. Similar in meaning to "like", "like", "as if". Refers to criminal jargon 9, p.608.

Example: "Hello! came a joyful teenage voice from the receiver. - I'd like, it's… well, like, to order a T-shirt. Size, type, M".

5. Well - particle; an expression of response to an appeal or message about something (usually perceived as impolite or unfriendly). Is rude, familiar and colloquially reduced.

Aleksey Dmitrievich Shmelev, in addition to these functions, also emphasized the control of the interlocutor's attention and the division of the text into parts 10, p.210.

the use of such words can be part of the actors' play (the portrayal of ignorant people with low culture), a means of intentionally creating a certain image 1, p.75-76.

The study involved 65 students of secondary school No. 1, 31 people from the sixth and 34 people from the tenth grade. The students were asked to answer six questions of the questionnaire (see Annex 1).

The most popular word among students is "shorter" - a direct indicator of haste, nervousness and even aggression. I think this is a fashionable word among students, and they repeat it, imitating someone. It is used by 47% of tenth graders and 58% of sixth graders.

The word "pancake" as a substitute for an obscene word is used to enhance the desired effect, clarification. Most often this word is used in their speech by sixth-graders - 52%. Tenth-graders use it much less frequently, 21% of respondents.

Also, the word “type” is often used by the students surveyed - 26% of tenth graders and 39% of sixth graders.

Tenth-graders use in their speech the words “well” (41%), “as if” (20%), “this” (12%), “uh-uh” (20%). When answering in the lesson, students try to collect their thoughts, it is difficult for them to build their answer. This is where the words “this” and “uh-uh” come to the rescue. Sixth-graders almost never use these words in their speech. Perhaps they have not yet learned to use these words.

• small vocabulary (23% of sixth graders and 41% of tenth graders);

  inability to find the right words (respectively 19% and 29%);

  filling in pauses in a conversation (according to 12% of tenth graders);

  desire to stand out among peers (respectively 6% and 3%).

expand vocabulary (29% and 10% respectively);

watch your speech, try not to use such words (29% and 13%, respectively);

replace them with other words (15% and 10% respectively).

1. Constantly replenish your vocabulary with new words by reading fiction.

3. Try to control your speech, make it measured, placing the intonation correctly. In place of commas, make small pauses. And at the end of the sentence - long.

4. Speak in public more often. Rehearse your performance in advance. Record your speech on a voice recorder or speak in front of a mirror. You will immediately feel the problems that arise in your speech, and with practice you will begin to correctly place accents, gain self-confidence.

CONCLUSION

The respondents confirm that they read little, communicate little with their peers, spending all their free time at the computer, which does not contribute to the expansion of vocabulary.

Most students do not pay attention to their speech, do not think about how they speak, although they believe that this bad habit should be eliminated.

Thus, it is necessary to listen to your speech and make every effort to get rid of unnecessary and superfluous words.

I hope that my work will help draw students' attention to respect for their native language.

“Take care of our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this property handed over to us by our predecessors… Treat this powerful tool with respect…”, wrote I.S. Turgenev.

LIST OF USED SOURCES

1. Mokienko V. M., Nikitina T. G. Big dictionary of Russian jargon. - St. Petersburg: Norint, 2001. - 720 p.

   Rosenthal D.E., Telenkova M.A. Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. 3rd ed. - M.: Enlightenment, 1976. - 399 p.

   Explanatory-encyclopedic dictionary. - St. Petersburg: "Norint", 2006. - 2144 p.

   Khimik VV Big Dictionary of Russian Colloquial Expressive Speech. - St. Petersburg: Norint, 2004. - 768 p.

   Shmelev A.D. Pause fillers as communicative markers // Interview genre: features of Russian oral speech in Finland and St. Petersburg. - Tampere, 2004. - S. 205-222

Appendix 1

Questionnaire Questions

6. How should they be dealt with?

Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7

How should they be dealt with?

The list of unnecessary details in everyday speech is extensive. Perhaps, rarely anyone does without them:

• Estimate.
• Exactly this.
• Type.
• No problem.
• As if.
• No problem.
• Briefly speaking.
• Basically.
• Anyway.
• Practically.
• So to speak.
• Generally.
• Actually.
• It's clear.

In fact, you should not be afraid to use pauses in a conversation; skillful speakers specifically use them as tricks that concentrate the attention of the public and allow them to qualitatively perceive and analyze the information they hear.

"In short" - the most used by nervous, always in a hurry people. Most often found in the speech of quick-tempered choleric. It is noticed that the use of "shorter" only lengthens the statement. It can be replaced by the following synonyms: "in one word", "so".

“Actually” is typical for insecure persons who are able to throw a scandal at the slightest pretext. It is also a catchword for self-confident individuals who take little into account the opinions of others and put their own point of view in the first place, which they are ready to prove with foam at the mouth. Synonyms: “actually speaking”, “in general terms”, “in general”, “generalized”.

“This is the very thing,” lazy people say, trying, when they have the opportunity, to shift their duties and responsibilities onto the shoulders of another person.

“By the way” is a favorite word of people who feel uncomfortable in the company and try to draw attention to themselves in this way. Synonyms: “by the way”, “by the way”.

“Type”, “means” - are used by conservative and aggressive people. Synonyms: "therefore", "thus", "hence follows".

“As if” is a word of the teenage generation, and also who in this way unconsciously emphasize life's uncertainty and uncertainty in their own words, their approximateness and incompetence. As if - it's either "yes", or "no", or "I don't know".

“In general”, “in general”, “so to speak” - in excessive consumption are a serious indicator of the speaker's insecurity, seeking to leave himself a loophole for retreat.

How to get rid of extra words?

Interlocutors - frequent conversation partners will help to identify the excess. You can ask someone with whom you regularly communicate (friends, colleagues, family members) to monitor the purity and transparency of speech.

Thinking through what was said and intonation

Speech Cleansing Methods

It is interesting to use the so-called knock on the keys. To do this, you just need to imagine that you need to type text or an SMS message on the keyboard. And of course, it will be inappropriate that in the typed text there will be empty words - “this is it”, “here”, “damn it” ...

Many oratory trainings offer a very effective method, according to the assurances of teachers, to rid their listeners of speech clogging. With each use of the “insert element”, the person who heard it receives a certain monetary reward, which for the speaker is

Purity of speech

In any case, your speech must always be carefully thought out, controlled, monitored and improved. At the same time, it does not matter at all who the interlocutor is - the purity of speech should be unconditional when talking with any person!

2. However
The word "however" most often pops up in situations where a person wants to object to his interlocutor. However, in the Far East the same word is used as an introductory expressive word. However, this is how old jokes about the Chukchi appeared.

3. It
Most often used with the particle "well" - well, this, we have arrived ... A person using the word "this" is often lost and does not know what to say.

4. Type
Type - this is such a popular version of "seemingly", expressing uncertainty. For example, "like that" means "like that".

5. How would
When your interlocutor says "as if", he tries to leave himself room for maneuver. He is not confident in his own actions and words and tries to avoid responsibility.

6. This is the most
The abundance of the phrase “this is the most” in speech is a sign of a person who is insecure or does not know how to quickly navigate the situation. Therefore, most often these words can be heard on the exam, when the student begins to “crumble”.

7. How to say
Another favorite phrase of the student on the exam. It allows you to play for time with the look of "I know, but I just can't remember."

8. In general
This phrase contains a slight shade of doubt, and this is all his cunning. Your interlocutor agrees with you, but not completely.

9. You know
"You know" is a characteristic introduction to a long speech. The more the word “know” in the text, the longer the story will be.

12. So to speak
The phrase “so to speak”, as many believe, makes the speech more intricate and ambiguous. In fact, “so to speak” does not bring special intelligence to speech.

13. You understand
A person whose speech abounds with the word “understand” is trying to set you up in a trusting tone. Whether you like it or not.

14. Actually
“Actually” is another word for those who like to break into a conversation characteristic of “intellectuals”

15. Basically
The phrase “in principle” inserted into a sentence signals that the person agrees to something, but is not yet completely sure. People who use it often usually like to be persuaded for a long time.

16. Let's say
“Suppose” is the favorite word of the debaters. If they allow something that contradicts their original point of view, then only in order to further smash your arguments to smithereens.

18. Listen
"Listen" is a hook word. You begin to feel that something important will sound now. The abundance of "listen" in speech is a sign that the interlocutor is not able to keep the attention of others.

20. By the way
This word is typical for those who like to draw attention to themselves. Starting their story with the word “by the way,” they can wedged into the conversation, even if their story is completely out of place.

21. General
One of the favorite expressions of insecure people. Many psychologists believe that the excessive use of this word indicates a person's tendency to neurosis and hysteria.

23. Probably
Another word for insecure people. "Probably" turns their point of view into one of the versions, which only claims to be true.

24. Means
If a person begins a conversation with the word “mean”, then most likely he will give you a point of view that he considers the only true one. Arguing with such people is problematic, because they are sure that they are right.

25. Actually
If a person starts a conversation with the phrase "actually" - this indicates his excessive self-confidence. It is problematic to argue with him, because the person is sure that it is he who knows the truth.

26. Simple
Sentences with the word "just" are typical for people who are afraid of responsibility. They will repeat that these are circumstances, and not they are to blame for what is happening.

27. Hard to say
The person using this expression either doesn't know what to say next or is willing to describe in detail why it's difficult.

28. No
"No" is an attention-grabbing word. They can interrupt the interlocutor to express their opinion. People who often use denial are always ready to defend themselves in conversation.

29. Yes
Most often, "yes" is used in combination with the preposition "but". This is one way to show that in general you agree with the interlocutor, but at the same time you have a number of comments that you will now express.

30. Specifically
“Concretely” is a descriptive word that emotional and sometimes aggressive people love. With this word, they indicate an error in what you said, and probably quite sharply.

31. Here
A word characteristic of those who do not know what to say next. It does not carry a special semantic load, if it is not indicative, but it is very firmly eaten into everyday speech.

33. Damn
The word "pancake" is one of many substitutes for abscess vocabulary. Most likely, people who use it every other time have poor control over their emotions.

35. Campaign
The phrase "campaign" is loved by people who are insecure, afraid of the content of their own speech. They don't seem to be serious and don't want to be held accountable for what they say.