Europe is part of the world, which, together with the other part of the world, Asia, forms a single continent - Eurasia. On its vast territory there are 44 independent states. But not all of them are part of Foreign Europe.

Foreign Europe

In 1991, the international organization CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) was established. Today it includes the following states: Russia, Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. In relation to them, the countries of Foreign Europe are singled out. There are 40 of them. This figure does not include dependent states - possessions of a state that are not formally its territory: Akrotili and Dhekelia (Great Britain), Aland (Finland), Guernsey (Great Britain), Gibraltar (Great Britain), Jersey (Great Britain) ), Isle of Man (Great Britain), Faroe Islands (Denmark), Svalbard (Norway), Jan Mayen (Norway).

In addition, this list does not include unrecognized countries: Kosovo, Transnistria, Sealand.

Rice. 1 Map of Foreign Europe

Geographical position

The states of Foreign Europe occupy a relatively small area - 5.4 km2. The length of their lands from north to south is 5000 km, and from west to east - more than 3000 km. The extreme point in the north is the island of Svalbard, and in the south - the island of Crete. This region is surrounded by seas on three sides. In the west and south it is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Geographically, Foreign Europe is divided into regions:

• Western : Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Portugal, France, Switzerland;
• Northern : Denmark, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Estonia;
• South : Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican, Greece, Spain, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro;
• Eastern : Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic.

From ancient times to the present day, the development of Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Great Britain, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, the Netherlands is inextricably linked with the sea. In the west, it is difficult to find a place that would be more than 480 km away from the water, and in the east - 600 km.

general characteristics

The countries of Foreign Europe vary in size. Among them are large, medium, small and "dwarf" states. The latter include the Vatican, San Marino, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Malta. As for the population, one can mainly observe countries with a small number of citizens - about 10 million people. According to the form of government, the vast majority of countries are republics. In second place are constitutional monarchies: Sweden, the Netherlands, Norway, Luxembourg, Monaco, Denmark, Spain, Great Britain, Andorra, Belgium. And at the last step in the singular - the theocratic monarchy: the Vatican. The administrative-territorial structure is also heterogeneous. The majority are unitary states. Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Montenegro, Germany, Austria, Belgium are countries with a federal structure.

Rice. 2 Developed countries of Europe and their capitals

Socio-economic classification

In 1993, the idea of ​​European unification received a new breath: that year the treaty establishing the European Union was signed. At the first stage, some countries opposed joining the ranks of such an association (Norway, Sweden, Austria, Finland). The total number of countries that make up the modern EU is 28. They are united not only by the name. First of all, they "profess" a common economy (single currency), a common domestic and foreign policy, as well as a security policy. But within this alliance, not everything is so smooth and uniform. It has its leaders - Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy. They account for about 70% of the total GDP and more than half of the population of the European Union. The following are small countries, which are divided into subgroups:

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• First : Austria, Denmark, Finland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden;
• Second : Greece, Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Malta, Cyprus;
• Third (developing countries): Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

In 2016, the UK held a referendum to leave the EU. The majority (52%) was in favor. So, the state is on the verge of a difficult process of leaving the big "European family".

Rice. 3 Rome is the capital of Italy

Foreign Europe: countries and capitals

The following table lists the countries and capitals of Overseas Europe in alphabetical order:

	Country	Capital	Territorial device	Political system
			Federation	Republic
		Andorra la Vella	unitary	Republic
		Brussels	Federation	A constitutional monarchy
	Bulgaria		unitary	Republic
	Bosnia and Herzegovina		unitary	Republic
			Theocratic monarchy
		Budapest	unitary	Republic
	Great Britain		unitary	A constitutional monarchy
	Germany		Federation	Republic
			unitary	Republic
		Copenhagen	unitary	A constitutional monarchy
	Ireland		unitary	Republic
	Iceland	Reykjavik	unitary	Republic
			unitary	A constitutional monarchy
			unitary	Republic
			unitary	Republic
			unitary	Republic
	Liechtenstein		unitary	constitutional monarchy
	Luxembourg	Luxembourg	unitary	constitutional monarchy
	Macedonia		unitary	Republic
		Valletta	unitary	Republic
			unitary	constitutional monarchy
	Netherlands	Amsterdam	unitary	constitutional monarchy
	Norway		unitary	constitutional monarchy
			unitary	Republic
	Portugal	Lisbon	unitary	Republic
		Bucharest	unitary	Republic
	San Marino	San Marino	unitary	Republic
			unitary	Republic
	Slovakia	Bratislava	unitary	Republic
	Slovenia		unitary	Republic
	Finland	Helsinki	unitary	Republic
			unitary	Republic
	Montenegro	Podgorica	unitary	Republic
			unitary	Republic
	Croatia		unitary	Republic
	Switzerland		Federation	Republic
		Stockholm	unitary	constitutional monarchy
			unitary	Republic

What have we learned?

In this article, we talked about the countries and main cities of Foreign Europe. Foreign Europe is a region of Europe. What is included in its composition? It includes all countries located in the European part of Eurasia, except for the states belonging to the CIS. On the territory of foreign Europe, there is an association of the European Union, which has united 28 states under its roof.

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So, the list of European countries in alphabetical order. But first, two words about this continent.

Europe- part of the world, with an area of ​​​​about 10.5 million square meters. km. It is washed by the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. The population is 830.4 million people.

BUT

Austria
Albania
Andorra

B

Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Bosnia and Herzegovina

AT

Vatican
Great Britain
Hungary

G

Germany
Holland
Greece
Georgia

D

And

Ireland
Iceland
Spain
Italy

L

Latvia
Lithuania
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg

M

Macedonia
Malta
Moldova
Monaco

H

Norway

P

Poland
Portugal

R

Russia
Romania

FROM

San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia

At

F

Finland
France

X

Croatia

H

Montenegro
Czech

W

Switzerland
Sweden

E

1. Austria (capital - Vienna)
2. Albania (capital - Tirana)
3. Andorra (capital - Andorra la Vella)
4. Belarus (capital - Minsk)
5. Belgium (capital - Brussels)
6. Bulgaria (capital - Sofia)
7.

Bosnia and Herzegovina (capital - Sarajevo)
8. Vatican (capital - Vatican)
9. Hungary (capital - Budapest)
10. Great Britain (capital - London)
11. Germany (capital - Berlin)
12. Greece (capital - Athens)
13. Denmark (capital - Copenhagen)
14. Ireland (capital - Dublin)
15. Iceland (capital - Reykjavik)
16. Spain (capital - Madrid)
17. Italy (capital - Rome)
18. Latvia (capital - Riga)
19.

Lithuania (capital - Vilnius)
20. Liechtenstein (capital - Vaduz)
21. Luxembourg (capital - Luxembourg)
22. Macedonia (capital - Skopje)
23. Malta (capital - Valletta)
24.

Moldova (capital - Chisinau)
25. Monaco (capital - Monaco)
26. Netherlands (capital - Amsterdam)
27. Norway (capital - Oslo)
28.

Poland (capital - Warsaw)
29. Portugal (capital - Lisbon)
30. Romania (capital - Bucharest)
31. San Marino (capital - San Marino)
32.

Serbia (capital - Belgrade)
33. Slovakia (capital - Bratislava)
34. Slovenia (capital - Ljubljana)
35. Ukraine (capital - Kyiv)
36. Finland (capital - Helsinki)
37. France (capital - Paris)
38.

Montenegro (capital - Podgorica)
39. Czech Republic (capital - Prague)
40. Croatia (capital - Zagreb)
41. Switzerland (capital - Bern)
42. Sweden (capital - Stockholm)
43. Estonia (capital - Tallinn)

How many countries are in Europe?

There are 50 independent states on the political map of Europe, most of which are highly developed industrial and agricultural countries. Among the largest European countries are Russia, Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy, Ukraine, Spain, Poland.

This figure also includes six dwarf states: Andorra, Vatican, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino.

Full list of European countries

Austria, Azerbaijan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican, Great Britain, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Georgia, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Spain, Italy, Kazakhstan, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, Finland, France, Croatia, Montenegro, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Sweden, Estonia.

In order to give a correct answer to the question: “How many countries are there in Europe”, it must be taken into account that the exact count of the number of states located in Europe depends on the definition of the borders of Europe and the criteria for including unrecognized and partially recognized states, taking into account dependent territories.

It should be borne in mind that since the Caucasian ridge and the Black Sea straits are traditionally considered the geographical borders of Europe and Asia, the inclusion of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Cyprus, Kazakhstan and Turkey in the list of European countries is based primarily on political, economic and cultural considerations and is not unambiguous. .

Unrecognized and partially recognized states of Europe: Abkhazia, Kosovo, Transnistria, Sealand, South Ossetia.

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General information about Foreign Europe

Foreign Europe is one of the centers of world civilization, and is of incomparable importance for world politics, economics and culture.

On its territory there are 40 sovereign states, which are interconnected by a historical past, close cultural and political relations.

If we talk about the economic and geographical position of countries, then it is determined by two main criteria.

The countries of foreign Europe are relatively close to each other, they either closely border on natural boundaries, or there is an insignificant distance between them, which does not affect the convenience of transport links.

The second main criterion is the coastal position of most countries that are connected to each other and countries of other continents by sea.

Countries such as Italy, Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands have been connected with the sea since ancient times.

Political pictureForeign Europe

The political picture of foreign Europe changed significantly three times during the 20th century.

The First and Second World Wars significantly changed it, and at the end of the century there were significant changes associated with the Social Democratic parties that came to power.

As for the structure of states in this territory, in foreign Europe there are republics, unitary states, monarchical and federal.

By the 21st century, the Organization for Security and Cooperation - the OSCE, was formed, which is represented by 56 countries (it also includes the USA, Canada and the CIS countries).

Natural conditions and resources

On the territory of foreign Europe there are many minerals.

The northern part includes ore and fuel minerals.

And hydropower resources fall on the territory of the Alps, Dinaric and Scandinavian mountains.

Forestry is developed in Sweden and Finland, for which forest landscapes are typical.

Population of foreign Europe

The number of inhabitants of this part of the world is growing very slowly; a rather difficult demographic situation has been recorded in foreign Europe.

The territory is a hotbed of world labor emigration; there are about 20 million foreign workers here.

It is important to note that most European countries are highly urbanized, with the highest rates of urbanization being in Belgium, Great Britain and the Netherlands.

The countries of Europe belong to the Indo-European family, there are four main types of states according to their national composition.

These are mononational (Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark), with a sharp predominance of one nation (Great Britain, France, Finland), binational (Belgium) and multinational (Switzerland, Latvia).

EconomyForeign Europe

Europe occupies a leading position in the world economy in terms of agricultural and industrial production, the development of tourism and the export of goods and services.

The most powerful countries in terms of economic situation are called Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy.

They have the most developed complexes of various industries, unlike other countries, which have one or two industries strongly developed.

The leading sectors of Europe are mechanical engineering (especially automotive), the chemical industry, the fuel and energy sector and the metallurgical industry.

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If you do not take into account dependent regions and not fully recognized states, then Europe for 2017 covers 44 powers. Each of them has a capital in which not only its administration is located, but also the highest authority, that is, the government of the state.

States of Europe

The territory of Europe stretches from east to west for more than 3 thousand kilometers, and from south to north (from the island of Crete to the island of Svalbard) for 5 thousand kilometers. The European powers are, for the most part, comparatively small. With such small sizes of territories and good transport accessibility, these states either closely border on each other or are separated by very small distances.

The European continent is divided territorially into parts:

• western;
• eastern;
• northern;
• southern.

All powers located on the European continent belong to one of these territories.

• There are 11 countries in the western region.
• In the east - 10 (including Russia).
• In the north - 8.
• In the south - 15.

Let's list all the countries of Europe and their capitals. We will divide the list of countries and capitals of Europe into four parts according to the territorial and geographical position of the powers on the world map.

Western

List of states belonging to Western Europe, with a list of main cities:

The states of Western Europe are washed mainly by the currents of the Atlantic Ocean and only in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula border on the waters of the Arctic Ocean. In general, these are highly developed and prosperous powers. But they are distinguished by an unfavorable demographic situation. This is a low birth rate and a low level of natural growth of inhabitants. In Germany, there is even a decline in population. All this led to the fact that developed Western Europe began to play the role of a subregion in the global system of population migration, it turned into the main center of labor immigration.

Eastern

List of states located in the eastern zone of the European continent and their capitals:

The states of Eastern Europe have a lower level of economic development than their Western neighbors. However, they better preserved cultural and ethnic identity. Eastern Europe is more of a cultural and historical region than a geographical one. The Russian expanses can also be attributed to the eastern territory of Europe. And the geographical center of Eastern Europe is located approximately within Ukraine.

Northern

The list of states that make up northern Europe, including capitals, looks like this:

The territories of the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jutland, the Baltic States, the islands of Svalbard and Iceland are included in the northern part of Europe. The population of these regions is only 4% of the entire European composition. Sweden is the largest country in the G8 and Iceland is the smallest. The population density in these lands is less in Europe - 22 people / m 2, and in Iceland - only 3 people / m 2. This is due to the harsh conditions of the climatic zone. But the economic indicators of development distinguish northern Europe as the leader of the entire world economy.

South

And finally, the most numerous list of territories located in the southern part, and the capitals of European states:

The Balkan and Iberian Peninsulas are occupied by these South European powers. Industry is developed here, especially ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. The countries are rich in mineral resources. In agriculture, the main efforts focused on the cultivation of food products, such as:

• grape;
• olives;
• pomegranate;
• dates.

It is known that Spain is the world's leading country in the collection of olives. It is here that 45% of all olive oil in the world is produced. Spain is also famous for its famous artists - Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miro.

European Union

The idea of ​​creating a single community of European powers appeared in the middle of the twentieth century, or rather after the Second World War. The official unification of the countries of the European Union (EU) took place only in 1992, when this union was sealed by the legal consent of the parties. Over time, the number of members of the European Union has expanded, and now it includes 28 allies. And states that want to join these prosperous countries will have to prove their compliance with the European foundations and principles of the EU, such as:

• protection of the rights of citizens;
• democracy;
• freedom of trade in a developed economy.

Members of the EU

The European Union for 2017 includes the following states:

There are now applicant countries to join this foreign community. These include:

1. Albania.
2. Serbia.
3. Macedonia.
4. Montenegro.
5. Turkey.

On the map of the European Union, you can clearly see its geography, the countries of Europe and their capitals.

Regulations and prerogatives of EU partners

The EU has a customs policy under which its members can trade with each other without duties and without restrictions. And in relation to other powers, the adopted customs tariff applies. Having common laws, the EU countries created a single market and introduced a single monetary currency - the euro. Many EU member states are part of the so-called Schengen zone, which allows their citizens to move freely through the territory of all allies.

The European Union has common governing bodies for member countries, which include:

• European Court.
• European Parliament.
• European Commission.
• The audit community that controls the EU budget.

Despite unity, the European states that have joined the community have full independence and state sovereignty. Each country uses its own national language and has its own governing bodies. But for all participants there are certain criteria, and they must meet them. For example, coordination of all important political decisions with the European Parliament.

It should be noted that since its founding, only one power has left the European community. It was Danish autonomy - Greenland. In 1985, she was outraged by the low quotas introduced by the European Union for fishing. You can also recall the sensational events in 2016 referendum in the UK, when the population voted to leave the country from the European Union. This suggests that even in such an influential and seemingly stable community, serious problems are brewing.

Europe is conditionally divided into 5 parts. If you make a detailed list of European countries, they will also be assigned to a certain territorial area.

European countries

It is known that conditionally Europe is divided into the following areas:

• Western;
• Eastern;
• Northern;
• Southern.

The list of European countries within this division is as follows.

The Western Region includes the following lands:

• Austria;
• France;
• the Netherlands;
• Monaco;
• Belgium;
• the United Kingdom of Great Britain;
• Germany;
• Ireland;
• Liechtenstein;
• Luxembourg;
• Swiss Confederation.

The western part includes powers that speak Latin, Celtic and Germanic dialects. It has been named one of the world's most developed economic associations.

The eastern area belongs to the possessions:

• Republic of Bulgaria;
• Republic of Poland;
• Hungary;
• Russian Federation;
• Republic of Moldova;
• Ukraine;
• The Republic of Belarus;
• Romania;
• Czech Republic;
• Slovakia.

The eastern region is the largest in terms of area among other European regions.

The northern part includes the territories:

• Denmark;
• Lithuania;
• Iceland;
• Finland;
• Kingdoms of Sweden;
• Republic of Latvia;
• Kingdoms of Norway;
• Estonia.

The northern possessions are an amalgamation of the Scandinavian and Baltic states.

The southern lands are a collection of possessions:

• Republic of Albania;
• Principalities of Andorra;
• the Vatican;
• Greece;
• Bosnia and Herzegovina;
• Republic of San Marino;
• Montenegro;
• Republic of Macedonia;
• Republic of Slovenia;
• Portuguese Republic;
• Italy;
• Republic of Croatia;
• Republic of Malta;
• Republic of Serbia;
• Kingdoms of Spain.

The southern European region is formed from the South Slavic, Romanesque and Greek-speaking states.

The Asian states, which are sometimes referred to as the northern part of the world, are formed by:

• Azerbaijan;
• Georgia;
• the Republic of Cyprus;
• Armenia;
• Israel.

Major international associations in Europe

European powers have membership in various associations of the world.

These associations are:

• The Council of Europe was formed in 1949. Represents an international type of organization that connects its members in matters of legal norms, development in the field of culture and law, and also affects the standards of democratic development. There are currently 47 countries in the Council. The European Council was created to settle the contradictions arising in the sphere of civil human rights, environmental protection, protection of the freedoms of national minorities;
• The European Union was formed in 1992 and, according to the latest data, unites 28 powers. The EU countries and their capitals have a single market system. Such a system of the European Union consists of a customs union, a monetary union, a common policy in the field of agriculture and the fishing industry. The European Union coordinates the decisions of members in the political sphere, and also participates in resolving issues in defense and foreign activities upon entry of countries;
• The Commonwealth of Independent States is an association of 11 powers that were formerly part of the former Soviet Union. Formed in 1991. The organization has a coordinating function between the members of the Commonwealth. The main goal of the CIS is the fruitful cooperation of the participants in matters of politics, economics, culture, as well as the resolution of disputes in the field of interstate integration and the protection of citizens' rights. The CIS plans in the near future to create a single market system similar to that created by EU membership;
• NATO is a North Atlantic alliance composed mainly of European states, the United States of America and Canada. This organization was created in 1949 to protect against the attack of the USSR. Initially, NATO included 12 states: France, Portugal, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Great Britain, Luxembourg, Belgium, Italy and others;
• The Organization for Security and Economic Cooperation is an alliance of 57 powers dealing with security policy. The association is aimed at resolving conflicts and eliminating the consequences of the crisis situation in the participating countries;
• CEAST is an international entry into the association of allied countries on the development of trade, scientific and cooperation relations. The Union was created in 1992 on the basis of the Visegrad Group, which did not include the EU countries.

Geography

The territory of European countries is washed by the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, as well as their seas.

The terrain is represented mainly by plains, and mountains make up only 17%. The climate of the territory is mostly temperate, but there is glaciation on the islands.

The vegetation is quite diverse. You can find both arctic deserts on the islands, and broad-leaved and mixed forests in the south.

The water reserves of this part of the world are large. On the territory you can find the largest lakes and rivers.

Story

European lands were first settled by the Heidelberg man and then by his descendant Neanderthal.

According to sources, the first people in this area appeared 35 thousand years ago.

In the 4th millennium, the first Proto-Indo-Europeans penetrated European territory, who gave rise to the Baden and Yamnaya culture.

It is believed that in the east of the Mediterranean there was the birth of European civilization.

- part of the Eurasian continent, washed by two oceans at once - the Arctic, as well as the Atlantic.

The territory of the EU is approximately 10 million square meters, and its population is approximately 10% of the total population of the planet, which is approximately 740 million people.

General information

How many parts in Europe:

1. Northern Europe;
2. Southern Europe;
3. Eastern Europe;
4. Central Europe.

Depending on the available opinions, European countries can be assigned to one part of it or to another.

The highest point in Europe is Mount Elbrus, which reaches a height of 5642 m, and the lowest point is the Caspian Sea, which at the moment is approximately 27 m high.

The main territory is dominated by flat terrain, and only 17% of all of Europe is mountains. The climate of most of Europe is temperate, but there are glaciers in the north of the territory, and desert in the Caspian lowland.

Europe is the region with the greatest cultural diversity despite its small territory.

Eastern Europe

The European part of Eurasia, located within the borders of Central and Eastern Europe, is commonly referred to as Eastern Europe. This territory is home to a larger number of people than in other European regions, and occupies about 2/3 of Europe.

The bulk of the population is represented by people of Slavic appearance. Due to political actions, the territory is constantly changing.

So, in Soviet times, the countries of the USSR were included in Eastern Europe, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union, some countries separated and began to be considered foreign.

The climate here is drier and less warm. However, the soils of this part of Europe are much more fertile than the soils of Western Europe. Eastern Europe has the largest amount of chernozem soils in the world.

Eastern Europe is the closest in spirit and territory to Russia part of the Old World. The flight by plane will not take more than two hours. You can even go on vacation to the nearest countries while driving your own car.

The familiar climate and native language will be a pleasant bonus for those who decide to spend their holidays in Eastern Europe.

Western Europe is the territory in which all the Western countries of Europe are located. Usually, this includes countries that are connected by cultural and geographical principles, and which were able to avoid Soviet influence during the Cold War.

The climate in Western Europe is mostly temperate, with mild winters and warm summers.

Western Europe is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Urbanization here is at the level of 80%. The largest agglomerations here are London and Paris.

Western Europe is considered the most popular for tourism. About 65% of tourists flock here. In this area you can see everything from sandy beaches to mountain landscapes. The mosaic of landscapes is striking in its beauty.

A large flow of tourists has led to the formation of special tourist zones that specialize in providing tourist services to guests.

The article may be of interest:

Everyone will be able to accurately indicate on the map where Europe is located. However, it is not so easy to set clear boundaries.

The geographical boundaries of Europe on the northern, western and southern sides are the coastline of the seas of the Arctic Ocean, as well as the Atlantic Ocean. These are the Baltic, Northern, Irish, Mediterranean, Black, Marmara and Azov seas.

The eastern border is usually drawn along the slope of the Ural Mountains to the Caspian Sea. Some sources also include the territory of the Caucasus in Europe.

List of countries in Europe

The number of European countries is quite extensive.

Listed in alphabetical order, the list would look like this:

• Austria;
• Albania;
• Andorra

• Belarus;
• Belgium;
• Bulgaria;
• Bosnia

• Vatican;
• Great Britain;
• Hungary

• Germany;
• Holland;
• Greece;
• Georgia

• Denmark

• Ireland;
• Spain;
• Italy;
• Iceland

• Latvia;
• Lithuania;
• Liechtenstein;
• Luxembourg

• Macedonia;
• Malta;
• Moldova;
• Monaco

• Norway

• Poland;
• Portugal

• Russia;
• Romania

• San Morino;
• Serbia;
• Slovakia;
• Slovenia

• Ukraine

• Finland;
• France

• Croatia

• Montenegro;
• Czech

• Switzerland;
• Sweden

• Estonia.

This is a complete list of states that are European.

Number of European countries

The number of states that make up Europe today is 44. But based on the political and economic situations that are taking place in the world, it cannot be argued that this list will not change.

You can take as an example the Soviet Union, which at one time broke up into 15 independent states, while the GDR and the FRG, for example, on the contrary, united into a single whole, and today are called Germany.

Nowadays, a difficult political situation is taking place in Spain, where the Catalan part of it is trying to stand out as an independent state from Spain, and be called Catalonia.

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National symbols

The national symbols of the countries are their flags and coats of arms. As a rule, animalistic symbols are included in the basis of coats of arms. The image of a horse symbolizes speed, movement.

All European countries are familiar with the myths about the god of the sun, who moved in his carriage, which was drawn by horses. But, for example, an elephant expresses reliability and strength. It is his image that can be found on the coat of arms of the city of Coventry in the UK.

The state symbols of England is the oldest of all European countries. The coat of arms, which is now official in Great Britain, originated in the 19th century.

The coat of arms of England looks like a shield, in the upper left and lower right corners of which there are three gold-colored leopards on a red background, in the upper right - a fiery lion, located on a background of gold - the Scottish coat of arms, and, finally, in the lower left - a harp of gold on the blue field - Irish symbols.

This shield is held by a golden lion with a crown in its mane and a snow-white unicorn.

The symbolism of the Scandinavian countries reveals the history of the countries of the European North. The coat of arms of Denmark has been formed over several centuries. It is a shield, on top of which there is a crown, and inside the shield, four blue leopards are arranged in a row from top to bottom.

The flag of Denmark is divided by a red and white cross, in the center of which is its coat of arms.

Until the 13th century, the state emblem of Sweden depicted three leopards in crowns standing one behind the other on the field, which very much resembled the coat of arms of Denmark.

Only at the beginning of the XIV century a coat of arms appeared depicting three golden crowns, which later became state symbols.

The original emblem of Iceland was presented in the form of a white falcon, but in 1944 a new symbolism was chosen: a shield held by a bull, a dragon, an eagle and an old man.

The main symbol of Albania is a black eagle with two heads, which is the Albanian coat of arms.

The symbol of Bulgaria is a golden lion, located on a red shield, which is a symbol of masculinity.

The Polish coat of arms looks like a white eagle, whose head is decorated with a gilded crown.

The symbol of Serbia was created during the unification of the lands of Serbia. It depicts a boar's head pierced by an arrow.

Macedonia became independent only in the second half of the 20th century, therefore, until this period, the symbolism was represented only by territorial symbols. Now the coat of arms of Macedonia flaunts a golden crowned lion.

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Population and area of ​​countries

The main giant by all criteria among European countries is Russia. Its area is approximately equal to 17 million square meters, which is almost equal to the area of ​​South America, and the population is about 146 million.

However, the entry of Russia into Europe is considered controversial, because most of it is located in Asia, and only about 22% - in Europe.

The next in the list of the largest countries in Europe is Ukraine. It occupies an area of ​​almost 604 thousand square meters. The population of Ukraine is about 42 million people.

France, Spain, Sweden, Germany, Finland, Norway, Poland and Italy present a list of the 10 largest European countries. However, in terms of the number of inhabitants of these countries, after Russia is Germany, the number of inhabitants of which is about 81 million people.

The population of France is in third place in terms of number. There are about 66 million people within its borders.

The largest cities in Europe are London, with its population of 7 million people, Berlin - 3.5 million people, followed by Madrid, Rome, Kyiv and Paris with a population of 3 million.

Which countries are in the European Union?

The Union of Europe was organized during the collapse of the USSR. The EU is united together for economic reasons and political views of the state. Most of these countries use one type of currency - the euro.

The Union is an international entity that includes the signs of a country and the signs of the international community, but in fact they are neither one nor the other.

In some cases, decisions are made by supranational institutions, and in others through negotiations between countries that are members of the European Union.

At the very beginning of its inception, the European Union included only six countries - Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and France. To date, thanks to the connection to the agreement, the number of countries within the European Union has increased to twenty-eight.

States give up their sovereignty, in return receive protection in various institutions of the union, which act for the common interests of all participants.

The Lisbon Treaty included rules for leaving the European Union. For the entire period of action, only Greenland left the European Union - in the late 1900s.

At the moment, five countries claim the opportunity to leave the Union. These are Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey and Montenegro.

List of EU countries:

1. Austria;
2. Belgium;
3. Bulgaria;
4. Hungary;
5. Great Britain;
6. Greece;
7. Germany;
8. Denmark;
9. Italy;
10. Ireland;
11. Spain;
12. Republic of Cyprus;
13. Luxembourg;
14. Latvia;
15. Lithuania;
16. Malta;
17. Netherlands;
18. Portugal;
19. Poland;
20. Romania;
21. Slovenia;
22. Slovakia;
23. France;
24. Finland;
25. Croatia;
26. Czech;
27. Sweden;
28. Estonia.

Liechtenstein, the Norwegian and Swiss states have not agreed to become members of the European Union, but partly take part in the implementation of joint economic activities.

The population of the European Union as of 2009 exceeded five hundred million people.

Throughout the land of the European Union, people equally use twenty-four languages. But, as a rule, the most popular languages ​​in the European Union are English, German, and also French.

As for religious views, according to polls, about 18% of the population are atheists, 27% are not sure of their views, and 52% confidently believe in the existence of God.