Albert Einstein and his wife

Companions of geniuses often become not only their muses, but also witnesses and hostages of the reverse side of their genius. Albert Einstein in everyday life was distinguished by a difficult character, and it was very difficult to get along with him. He was married twice, and both of his wives had to put up with his exactingness, inconstancy, lack of moral principles and a strange attitude towards marriage.

Einstein met his first wife while studying at the Polytechnic. Mileva Marich was 21 years old, and he was 17. Einstein's parents were categorically against this marriage, but he did not listen to anyone. “I have lost my mind, dying, burning with love and desire. The pillow you sleep on is a hundred times happier than my heart! You come to me at night, but, unfortunately, only in a dream,” he wrote to Mileva in 1901. But the period of passionate confessions passed very quickly. Even before the wedding, in 1902, Mileva gave birth to a daughter, and her husband unexpectedly insisted on giving her up for adoption to childless relatives "due to financial difficulties." The fact that Einstein had a daughter, Lieserl, became known only in 1997, when his great-grandchildren sold letters at auction that shed light on some episodes of the scientist's biography.

Mileva Maric and Albert Einstein

And even after that, Mileva, despite the protests of her parents, agreed to marry her chosen one. But she was shocked when the groom suddenly put forward his demands: “If you want marriage, you will have to agree to my conditions, here they are: firstly, you will take care of my clothes and bed; secondly, you will bring me food to my office three times a day; thirdly, you will renounce all personal contact with me, except for those necessary for the observance of decorum in society; fourthly, whenever I ask you about it, you will leave my bedroom and study; fifthly, without a word of protest, you will perform scientific calculations for me; sixth, you will not expect any manifestations of feelings from me. Surprisingly, Mileva accepted these conditions.

Wedding photo with Mileva, 1903

Albert Einstein with his first family

In 1904, their son Hans Albert was born, the only successor to the Einstein family - born in 1910, son Eduard suffered from schizophrenia and ended his days in a psychiatric hospital. However, neither the fulfillment by the wife of the conditions of this strange marriage "manifesto", nor the birth of children, nor the constant assistance to her husband in his scientific activities saved this marriage from collapse. In 1919, they divorced, although in fact their family broke up as early as 1914.

Mileva also accepted the terms of the divorce, and they were also specific: in exchange for her voluntary consent to leave, her husband promised to give her the Nobel Prize - and Einstein had no doubt that he would someday receive it, however, like his wife. Mileva was very upset by the divorce, she even had to seek help from psychoanalysts, as she could not cope with prolonged depression on her own. To the credit of the scientist, he kept his word - becoming a Nobel laureate, he gave his ex-wife 32 thousand dollars.

3 months after the divorce, the scientist married again - to his cousin Elsa, who shortly before this motherly carefully looked after him during his illness. Einstein agreed to adopt two girls from Elsa's previous marriage, and their home was idyllic in the early years. Charlie Chaplin, who visited them, spoke of the scientist’s second wife in the following way: “The life force was beating out of this woman with a square figure. She frankly enjoyed the greatness of her husband and did not hide it at all, her enthusiasm even bribed.

Einstein with his second wife Elsa, 1922

Albert Einstein and his second wife Elsa

However, traditional family foundations and values ​​were completely alien to the great scientist. No matter how he tried to create a harmonious union, his nature took over and destroyed the harmony. Later, about one of his friends, Einstein wrote: “Most of all I admired his ability to live long years not only in the world, but also in true harmony with a woman - I tried to solve this problem twice, and both times I failed shamefully.

Great scientist and insufferable husband

Einstein, his second wife Elsa and adopted daughter Margo

Einstein was very loving, and in his many hobbies, he did not know any moral restrictions. Elsa listened to her husband's complaints that women did not let him pass. She had to put up with his constant connections on the side, his first mistress appeared within a few months after the wedding. He even brought his women to his house with Elsa. Nevertheless, this marriage lasted until Elsa's death in 1936.

Great scientist and insufferable husband

Albert Einstein

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It's no secret that Albert Einstein was loved by women. Smart women at all times believed that the sexiest thing in a man is the mind. Mileva Marić, Einstein's first wife, is one of them. They met at the pedagogical faculty of the Zurich Polytechnic and, oddly enough, fell in love with each other. The strange thing is that before Mileva, Einstein was fond of exclusively pretty girls, and it was difficult to call Mileva such. True, her head was beautifully planted, her features pleasantly rounded, even soft, but her strong-willed chin spoiled everything. In addition, congenital lameness.
She was the only woman in her course and the fifth who decided to enter this, in essence, the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. She understood Einstein, supported him in all his searches and, in the end, became a co-author of the famous theory of relativity, to say the least, its author...
It is known for certain that she did mathematical calculations for Einstein (he did not really like mathematics). There is evidence that his first scientific articles appeared with the help of Mileva. In any case, Einstein himself once wrote in a letter to Mileva: “If, as a result, WE deduce the law of nature, WE will send the article to …..”. He speaks of "our article" and "our theory of molecular forces". And Mileva's chief apologist, Dr. Evans Harris Walker, even states: "There are reasons to believe that the original idea of ​​the theory of relativity belongs to her."
According to the Russian physicist Abram Fedorovich Ioffe, all three landmark articles of 1905 were signed "Einstein - Marich". He saw the originals with Wilhelm Roentgen, who reviewed them. True, the originals disappeared, Einstein said that he threw them into the wastebasket as unnecessary. Mileva's supporters made headlines in 1990 at the annual convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in New Orleans. However, Mileva herself never liked to discuss this topic and never claimed to be a co-author.
Their path to marriage was long and painful due to the protest of Einstein's parents: firstly, the intended bride was not of their circle, a Serbian, "from the land of robbers and rebels", they were embarrassed by the girl's strong-willed and overly firm character. And the main argument of the parents was that Albert could not find a job for a very long time and, therefore, was not able to provide for his family. As a result, they lived either together or apart, in the so-called civil marriage, which was not accepted at that time ....
In 1902, the illegitimate daughter of Einstein and Marich, Lieserl, was born. At this time, Mileva lived with her parents in Vojvodina. There were a lot of rumors about the further fate of this girl, and there are still different versions, but it is not known for certain whether she died in infancy or was given up for education.
However, in 1903, Einstein and Marich finally got married, in 1904 their son Hans-Albert was born. In 1910, the second son, Eduard, was born. Einstein and Marich broke up four years later. Einstein obtained a divorce, promising Mileva, in exchange for his freedom and the opportunity to enter into a new marriage, the money received from the Nobel Prize.
Maric and both of her sons lived in very cramped circumstances. After Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize, she received the money he promised and bought an apartment. But most of this amount went to the treatment of his schizophrenic son, Edward, so it was necessary to earn a living by private lessons. Mileva selflessly cared for Eduard until her death, until in 1948 she died all alone in one of the Zurich hospitals.
And it is unlikely that we will ever know what this woman actually experienced - how much of her talent she invested in the genius of her beloved, whether she forgave him the tragedy of their children, and what was her price for the great discovery that everything in this world is relative.

Natalia GRIGORYEVA

The personality of Mileva Maric seemed to most of Einstein's biographers rather a modest shadow of her great husband - a kind of ideal and conflict-free, selfless wife of a genius who unquestioningly performs the "mathematical part of the work", that is, the most inconspicuous empirical share of creative research.

Einstein's future wife, Serbian Mileva Maric, was born on December 19, 1875 in the city of Titel in the north of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is necessary to note the unusual education that the girl received: her father did everything possible, including financially, to give his daughter the fullest and broadest possible education. Marich's native language was German, however, since childhood, her father read Serbian folk legends and poems to her, which she later learned on the piano. Her biographer ironically remarked: "The list of places where Mileva studied is reminiscent of Cook's guidebook with the designation of the paths that Milos pushed her in search of beauty." The girl herself fully justified all the expectations of her father, and for her high marks and exemplary behavior, her classmates nicknamed her "Our Saint."

Mileva is the first girl in Austria-Hungary who studied at the gymnasium

Her main area of ​​interest was mathematics and physics - in these subjects at the final exams, "no one had better marks than her." However, Marich was also fluent in French and Greek, showed extraordinary ability to draw, besides, it was Marich who became the first girl in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, who, thanks to her extraordinary talents, was allowed to study with the boys. Hoping for further university education and scientific fame, Marich moved to Switzerland, perhaps the most liberal country at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, which provided refuge to many disgraced politicians, writers and artists. Higher education in the country was famous not only for its quality of education, but also for the significantly fewer obstacles for women seeking to acquire serious academic knowledge.

Marich first chooses the Department of Psychiatry at the Medical Faculty of the University of Zurich, a field of study that was then gaining extreme popularity. However, after studying there for only one semester, the young talent moves to the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Zurich Polytechnic Institute. This higher technical institution had the status of an international class university that trained electrical engineers - the most sought-after technical specialists of that time. However, a diploma from this rather prestigious educational institution allowed the fairer sex only to teach in high school, which, in fact, Mileva Marich counted on, choosing the profession of a teacher. By the way, she was the only female student in her course and the fifth woman in the entire history of the institute (the first appeared in 1871 and arrived, by the way, from Moscow). Contemporaries who knew her in her student years describe Marich as a "sweet, shy, benevolent" girl, "unpretentious and modest." “She was limping,” but she “had a mind and soul,” in her student years she “knew how to cook perfectly and, out of economy, she sewed her own dresses.” However, it was here that she met the promising young physicist Albert Einstein.

In October 1897, Marich went to study at Heidelberg University in Germany, where she attended lectures on physics and mathematics as a free student. In April 1898 she returned to Zurich, where she began to study thoroughly differential and integral calculus, descriptive and projective geometry, mechanics, theoretical physics, applied physics, experimental physics and astronomy. Marich's scientific career was interrupted in 1901 when she became pregnant by Einstein. At the third month of pregnancy, she tried to pass the final exam, but her average score was extremely low - 2.5 out of 6 possible. Finding herself an unmarried woman, without any particular status, however, in a very interesting position, Marich decides to stop working on her thesis, which she planned to defend under the guidance of physics professor Heinrich Weber. Marić goes to her native Serbian Novi Sad, where, in all likelihood, in January 1902 she had a daughter named Lieserl (her fate is unknown).

Marić was Einstein's collaborator in writing the theory of relativity

Probably, Einstein's ardent passion for a very intellectually gifted girlfriend quickly passed, and was finally leveled by the circumstances of their short life together. Judging by the letters of the German physicist, Marich very quickly became his comrade-in-arms, however, Einstein's mother was worried when she realized the seriousness of her son's intentions towards the girl: “the fact that Mileva was not Jewish did not matter ... but Polina, apparently, shared the prejudice against Serbs characteristic of many Germans. The opinion that the Slavs are second-class people took root in Germany long before Hitler came to power. However, as early as 1903, Einstein reported in a letter to his best friend: "She knows how to take care of everything, cooks well and is in a good mood all the time." Biographers, speaking about the role of Mileva Maric in Einstein's life, wrote: "The twenty-seven-year-old wife could least of all serve as a model of the Swiss fairy of the hearth, the pinnacle of ambition of which is the battle with dust, moths, rubbish." Karl Zeling, according to Einstein, wrote that the Serbian was “a dreamer with a heavy, clumsy mind, and this often fettered her in life and study. However, it should be written in favor of Mileva that she bravely shared with Einstein the years of need and created for him to work, however, in a bohemian unsettled, but still relatively calm home.

The further period of the life of the spouses can be described as a struggle for divorce during the First World War. Einstein, shortly before the start of the bloodshed, becomes a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and moves to Berlin, where he is quite close to his cousin (from his mother's side) Elsa Leventhal - it is she who will later become the next wife of the great physicist. Although Einstein sent money to his family in Zurich from Berlin, they were sorely lacking, so Marich was forced to earn extra money by private lessons in mathematics and playing the piano. With the outbreak of war, Marich moved to a boarding house in Zurich with two children. Einstein wrote to her at the time: “I would gladly send you more money, but I myself have none left. I myself live more than modestly, almost like a beggar. That's the only way we can save something for our boys." Einstein sent her an allowance of 5600 Reichsmarks a year, which was a very small and very unstable amount, given the constantly rising wartime inflation rate.

Due to family circumstances, the son of Einstein and Marich fell ill with schizophrenia

In 1916, Einstein asked for a divorce in order to legitimize his relationship with Elsa Leventhal, however, Marich refused to release her husband from obligations, experiencing her situation extremely hard: in a few months she suffered a series of heart attacks. Einstein was obviously weary of his wife's illness, and in a letter to one of his Swiss friends, he makes it clear that if Mileva dies, he will not be too upset. However, the disease dragged on, improvements in health alternated with deterioration, and she often ended up in the hospital.

Einstein with his second wife, Elsa Löwenthal

In May 1918, Marich nevertheless agreed to a divorce from Einstein, however, even here it was not without the delicate topic of resolving financial issues of providing for his ex-wife and children. The physicist hoped to receive the Nobel Prize, the amount of which was 180,000 Swiss marks. It was this amount that was offered by Marich as a "compensation" (she received the money in 1922, after the prize was awarded).

In the late 1930s, Eduard and Eduard, the son of Einstein and Marich, suffered a nervous breakdown, and during the course of a medical examination, a diagnosis of schizophrenia was made, and the family was forced to sell their last property to cover treatment at a psychiatric clinic at the University of Zurich. Mileva Maric herself died at the age of 73 on August 4, 1948 in Zurich and was buried in the Nordheim cemetery. In a strange twist of fate, immediately after the death of Mileva Marich, Einstein learns that he himself is seriously ill.

The personal life of geniuses is rarely happy and simple. The great theoretical physicist Albert Einstein is no exception in this sense: two difficult marriages, a serious illness of his youngest son, numerous novels with young girls, a difficult relationship with his mother. Moreover, I must say that Einstein enjoyed great success with women.

Albert Einstein with his wife Elsa

Biographers of Albert Einstein insist that the future scientist met his first love named Maria Winteler while studying at the Polytechnic School in Zurich. It was not yet a feast of the flesh, but a romantic fuse, which resulted in streams of letters and rare visits to the village where the girl lived. Little by little, youthful passion subsided, but the end of love plunged Maria into a deep depression. The Jewish relatives of the failed couple, who were already dreaming of a marriage union, also felt sad.

The student Einstein preferred the revolutionary theories introduced to him by his friend Friedrich Adler, son of Viktor Adler, leader of the Austrian Social Democratic Party, to rendezvous with girls. However, Albert did not turn out to be a rebel, and soon he would devote himself entirely to science and the god Eros. Mileva Marich was, according to everyone's opinion, devoid of the charm of femininity and limped in one leg. An Orthodox Christian, a Serbian by nationality, Mileva was three years older than Albert, had a difficult character, morbidly jealous and prone to depression. Einstein fell in love with her in 1898 while they were working on the laws of gravity together and proposed to his colleague.

Paulina rested her horn and directly declared to her son that she was against this marriage. Maternal persuasions and threats seemed to touch Albert a little, but later it turned out that relatively slowly but surely they penetrated the consciousness of the young scientist. Father Herman was more loyal and, shortly before his death, managed to bless the young. The wedding of Einstein Jr. took place on January 6, 1903, after the death of Einstein Sr. When Mileva became pregnant, she was forced to leave for her family in Serbia, since Albert had no money. She gave birth to a daughter Lieserl, and in the letters of both parents there is joy about this, but Einstein does not go to the young mother and is in no hurry to hold the newborn in her arms.

Biographers of the genius see here a riddle. The further fate of this girl is not entirely clear. According to some reports, she was sent to an orphanage, according to others, she was transferred to a foster family. Most assured that she died at the age of two from scarlet fever in her mother's family. Some have claimed that Lieserl outlived Einstein. Even today, when the archives are published, no one knows the whole truth. Questions remain: why did Einstein, who will love his other two children dearly, show such indifference at the birth of his first child, and whether this act will be a harbinger of a break with Mileva?

In February 1901, Albert Einstein received Swiss citizenship, and in December of that year, with the help of his friend Grossman, he got a job with a decent salary as a technical examiner of the 3rd category at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern. Immediately, Albert called Mileva to him and the next year, on May 14, 1904, their son, Hans Albert, was born. This time, the happy father, having learned about the successful resolution of his wife from the burden, galloped through the streets of the city to kiss her and the child. From now until the very end of his life, Einstein will play the role of a caring father in relation to his children, to two (in 1910, his son Eduard, who was ill with schizophrenia), will be born, with the exception of his daughter Lieserl.

The reason for the collapse of the Einstein family hearth was given either by the jealous nature of Mileva, or by her adultery with a certain professor from Zagreb. The break came in mid-July 1914, while their family lived in Berlin. Einstein wrote conditions to his wife in his own hand, in which, among other things, he demanded that Mileva renounce all intimacy with him and even forbade her to speak to him if he did not want to. Mileva and her children found shelter with Friedrich Haber, an outstanding chemist and Einstein's new friend. At the end of July, Mileva left for Zurich with the boys. At the Berlin railway station, they were seen off by the weeping great physicist Albert Einstein.

Having dissolved his marriage with Marich, Einstein marries his cousin both on the side of his father and on the side of his mother, the exact opposite of his first wife, but who fully met the needs of his mother. The wedding with cousin Elsa took place just three months after the divorce from Marich - on June 2, 1919. But throughout World War I, Einstein was already openly living with her. It is symbolic that Einstein's wedding took place after the death of his mother, as if one woman replaced another. Elsa, who called her husband not by his first name, but exclusively by his last name, replaced Einstein's mother, but did not become his only love. A series of mistresses of an outstanding scientist speaks of this.

“In the beginning there was Betty Neumann,” says French physicist biographer Laurent Seksik. “The affair began just a few months after his marriage to Elsa. Betty was his secretary, 20 years younger than him. 1923. Madly in love with her. She gave in to him without resistance. This man had an irresistible impact on both the crowds and the fair sex. The story of Betty, like her successors, will become a caricature of adultery. Einstein did not want to leave Elsa, even if he claimed otherwise. No woman would ever force him to leave her. He even offered Betty to live together! She refused, offended both by the cowardice of her lover and the absurdity of the proposal. "