Year of writing:

1858

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Description of the work:

The Noble Nest novel was written by Ivan Turgenev in 1858. The writer worked on the novel for about three years, and the novel The Noble Nest was first published in 1859 in Sovremennik.

Interestingly, the novel The Noble Nest became a cause for great disagreement with Ivan Goncharov, who accused Turgenev of plagiarism. D. Grigorovich recalls that even an arbitration court had to be appointed, but apart from laughter, of course, nothing came of it. But Goncharov stopped not only meeting with Turgenev, but did not even bow to him when they met.

We bring to your attention a summary of the novel The Noble Nest.

As usual, the news of Lavretsky's return was first brought to the Kalitins' house by Gedeonovsky. Maria Dmitrievna, the widow of the former provincial prosecutor, who at her fifty years of age retained a certain agreeableness in her features, favors him, and her house is one of the most pleasant in the city of O ... But Marfa Timofeevna Pestova, the seventy-year-old sister of Maria Dmitrievna's father, does not favor Gedeonovsky for his tendency to add and talkativeness. But what to take - a priest, although a state adviser.

However, Marfa Timofeevna is generally tricky to please. After all, she does not favor Panshin either - everyone's favorite, an enviable groom, the first gentleman. Vladimir Nikolayevich plays the piano, composes romances in his own words, draws well, recites. He is quite a man of the world, educated and dexterous. In general, he is a Petersburg official for special assignments, a chamber junker who arrived in O ... with some kind of assignment. He visits the Kalitins for the sake of Lisa, the nineteen-year-old daughter of Maria Dmitrievna. And it looks like his intentions are serious. But Marfa Timofeevna is sure: her favorite is not such a husband. The music teacher Khristofor Fedorovich Lemm, a middle-aged, unattractive and not very successful German, secretly in love with his student, puts Panshina and Lizin low.

The arrival of Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky from abroad is a notable event for the city. Its history passes from mouth to mouth. In Paris, he accidentally convicted his wife of treason. Moreover, after the breakup, the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna received scandalous European fame.

The inhabitants of the Kalitinsky house, however, did not think that he looked like a victim. It still exudes steppe health, long-lasting strength. Only in the eyes is visible fatigue.

In fact, Fedor Ivanovich is a strong breed. His great-grandfather was a tough, daring, smart and crafty man. The great-grandmother, a quick-tempered, vindictive gypsy, was in no way inferior to her husband. Grandfather Peter, however, was already a simple steppe gentleman. His son Ivan (father of Fyodor Ivanovich) was brought up, however, by a Frenchman, an admirer of Jean Jacques Rousseau: this was the order of the aunt with whom he lived. (His sister Glafira grew up with her parents.) Wisdom of the 18th century. the teacher poured into his head entirely, where she stayed, without mixing with blood, without penetrating into the soul.

Upon returning to his parents, Ivan felt dirty and wild in his own home. This did not prevent him from turning his attention to Matushka Malanya's maid, a very pretty, intelligent and meek girl. A scandal broke out: Ivan's father disinherited him, and ordered the girl to be sent to a distant village. Ivan Petrovich recaptured Malanya along the way and married her. Having attached a young wife to the relatives of the Pestovs, Dmitry Timofeevich and Marfa Timofeevna, he himself went to St. Petersburg, and then abroad. In the village of Pestovykh, Fedor was born on August 20, 1807. Almost a year passed before Malanya Sergeevna was able to appear with her son at the Lavretskys. And even then only because Ivan's mother, before her death, asked for the stern Peter Andreevich for her son and daughter-in-law.

The happy father of the baby finally returned to Russia only after twelve years. Malanya Sergeevna had died by this time, and the boy was brought up by his aunt Glafira Andreevna, ugly, envious, unkind and domineering. Fedya was taken away from his mother and given to Glafira during her lifetime. He did not see his mother every day and loved her passionately, but vaguely felt that between him and her there was an indestructible barrier. Aunt Fedya was afraid, he did not dare to utter a word in front of her.

Returning, Ivan Petrovich himself took up the upbringing of his son. I dressed him in Scottish fashion and hired him a porter. Gymnastics, natural sciences, international law, mathematics, carpentry and heraldry formed the core of the educational system. They woke up the boy at four in the morning; doused with cold water, forced to run around the pole on a rope; fed once a day; taught to ride and shoot with a crossbow. When Fedya was sixteen years old, his father began to instill in him contempt for women.

A few years later, having buried his father, Lavretsky went to Moscow and entered the university at the age of twenty-three. A strange upbringing has paid off. He did not know how to get along with people, he did not dare to look a single woman in the eye. He got along only with Mikhalevich, an enthusiast and a poet. It was this Mikhalevich who introduced his friend to the family of the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna Korobyina. A twenty-six-year-old child only now understood what it was worth living for. Varenka was charming, intelligent and well educated, she could talk about the theater and played the piano.

Six months later, the young arrived in Lavriki. The university was abandoned (not to marry a student), and a happy life began. Glafira was removed, and General Korobin, Varvara Pavlovna's father, arrived in the place of the steward; and the couple drove off to Petersburg, where they had a son, who soon died. On the advice of doctors, they went abroad and settled in Paris. Varvara Pavlovna instantly settled down here and began to shine in society. Soon, however, a love note fell into Lavretsky's hands, addressed to his wife, whom he so blindly trusted. At first he was seized with rage, a desire to kill both (“my great-grandfather hung men by the ribs”), but then, having disposed of a letter about the annual allowance to his wife and about the departure of General Korobin from the estate, he went to Italy. Newspapers circulated bad rumors about his wife. From them he learned that he had a daughter. There was indifference to everything. And yet, after four years, he wanted to return home, to the city of O ..., but he did not want to settle in Lavriky, where he and Varya spent their first happy days.

Lisa from the first meeting attracted his attention. He also noticed Panshin near her. Maria Dmitrievna did not hide the fact that the chamber junker was crazy about her daughter. Marfa Timofeevna, however, still believed that Lisa would not be with Panshin.

In Vasilyevsky Lavretsky examined the house, the garden with the pond: the estate had managed to run wild. The silence of a leisurely solitary life surrounded him. And what strength, what health was in this inactive silence. The days passed monotonously, but he did not get bored: he did housework, rode horseback, read.

Three weeks later I went to O ... to the Kalitins. Lemma found them. In the evening, going to see him off, I stayed with him. The old man was touched and admitted that he writes music, played and sang something.

In Vasilyevsky, the conversation about poetry and music imperceptibly turned into a conversation about Liza and Panshin. Lemm was categorical: she does not love him, she simply obeys her mother. Lisa can only love something beautiful, but he is not beautiful, that is, his soul is not beautiful

Lisa and Lavretsky trusted each other more and more. Not without embarrassment, she once asked about the reasons for his break with his wife: how can one tear apart what God has united? You must forgive. She is sure that it is necessary to forgive and submit. This was taught to her in childhood by her nanny Agafya, who told the life of the most pure virgin, the lives of saints and hermits, who took her to church. Her own example brought up humility, meekness and a sense of duty.

Suddenly, Mikhalevich appeared in Vasilyevsky. He grew old, it was clear that he was not succeeding, but he spoke as fervently as in his youth, recited his own poems: “... And I burned everything that I worshiped, / Bowed to everything that I burned.”

Then the friends argued long and loudly, disturbing Lemm, who continued to visit. You can't just want happiness in life. It means to build on sand. Faith is needed, and without it Lavretsky is a miserable Voltairian. No faith - no revelation, no understanding of what to do. It needs a pure, unearthly being who will pull him out of his apathy.

After Mikhalevich, the Kalitins arrived in Vasilyevskoye. The days passed happily and carefree. “I talk to her as if I were not an obsolete person,” Lavretsky thought about Lisa. Seeing off their carriage on horseback, he asked: “Are we friends now? ..” She nodded in response.

The next evening, looking through French magazines and newspapers, Fyodor Ivanovich came across a message about the sudden death of the queen of fashionable Parisian salons, Madame Lavretskaya. The next morning he was at the Kalitins'. "What's wrong with you?" Lisa asked. He gave her the text of the message. Now he is free. “You don’t have to think about that now, but about forgiveness ...” she objected, and at the end of the conversation she repaid the same trust: Panshin asks for her hand. She is not at all in love with him, but is ready to obey her mother. Lavretsky begged Liza to think about not marrying without love, out of a sense of duty. That same evening, Lisa asked Panshin not to rush her with an answer and informed Lavretsky about this. All the following days a secret anxiety was felt in her, as if she even avoided Lavretsky. And he was also alarmed by the lack of confirmation of the death of his wife. Yes, and Lisa, when asked if she decided to give an answer to Panshin, said that she knew nothing. Doesn't know herself.

One summer evening in the living room, Panshin began to reproach the newest generation, saying that Russia had lagged behind Europe (we didn’t even invent mousetraps). He spoke beautifully, but with secret bitterness. Lavretsky unexpectedly began to object and defeated the enemy, proving the impossibility of leaps and arrogant alterations, demanded recognition of the people's truth and humility before it. The irritated Panshin exclaimed; what does he intend to do? Plow the land and try to plow it as best as possible.

Liza was on Lavretsky's side throughout the argument. The secular official's contempt for Russia offended her. Both of them realized that they loved and did not love the same thing, but differed only in one, but Lisa secretly hoped to lead him to God. The embarrassment of the last days is gone.

Everyone dispersed little by little, and Lavretsky quietly went out into the night garden and sat down on a bench. There was light in the lower windows. It was Lisa walking with a candle in her hand. He called her softly and, seating her under the lindens, said: "... It brought me here ... I love you."

Returning through the sleeping streets, full of joyful feeling, he heard the wondrous sounds of music. He turned to where they came from and called: Lemme! The old man appeared at the window and, recognizing him, threw down the key. Lavretsky had not heard anything like this for a long time. He came up and hugged the old man. He paused, then smiled and cried: "I did this, for I am a great musician."

The next day Lavretsky went to Vasilyevskoye and returned to the city in the evening. In the hallway he was greeted by the smell of strong perfumes, trunks stood right there. Crossing the threshold of the living room, he saw his wife. Inconsistently and verbosely, she began to beg to forgive her, if only for the sake of her daughter, who was not guilty of anything before him: Ada, ask your father with me. He invited her to settle in Lavriky, but never count on a resumption of relations. Varvara Pavlovna was humility itself, but on the same day she visited the Kalitins. Lisa and Panshin's final explanation had already taken place there. Maria Dmitrievna was in despair. Varvara Pavlovna managed to occupy, and then to win her over, hinted that Fyodor Ivanovich had not completely deprived her of "his presence." Liza received a note from Lavretsky, and the meeting with his wife was not a surprise to her (“It Serves Me Right”). She was stoic in the presence of a woman whom "he" had once loved.

Panshin appeared. Varvara Pavlovna immediately found a tone with him. She sang a romance, talked about literature, about Paris, engaged in semi-social, semi-artistic chatter. Parting, Maria Dmitrievna expressed her readiness to try to reconcile her with her husband.

Lavretsky reappeared at the Kalitinsky house when he received a note from Liza with an invitation to visit them. He immediately went up to Marfa Timofeevna. She found an excuse to leave them alone with Lisa. The girl came to say that they had to do their duty. Fyodor Ivanovich must make peace with his wife. Doesn't he see for himself now: happiness does not depend on people, but on God.

When Lavretsky went downstairs, the footman invited him to Marya Dmitrievna. She spoke of the repentance of his wife, asked to forgive her, and then, offering to take her from hand to hand, led Varvara Pavlovna out from behind the screen. Requests and already familiar scenes were repeated. Lavretsky finally promised that he would live with her under the same roof, but would consider the contract violated if she allowed herself to leave Lavrikov.

The next morning he took his wife and daughter to Lavriki and left for Moscow a week later. A day later, Panshin visited Varvara Pavlovna and stayed for three days.

A year later, news reached Lavretsky that Lisa had taken her hair in a monastery in one of the remote regions of Russia. After some time he visited this monastery. Liza walked close to him - and did not look, only her eyelashes trembled a little and the fingers holding the rosary tightened even more tightly.

And Varvara Pavlovna very soon moved to St. Petersburg, then to Paris. A new suitor appeared beside her, a guardsman of extraordinary strength. She never invites him to her fashionable evenings, but otherwise he enjoys her favor completely.

Eight years have passed. Lavretsky again visited O... The elder inhabitants of the Kalitinsky house had already died, and the youth reigned here: Lisa's younger sister, Lenochka, and her fiancé. It was fun and noisy. Fyodor Ivanovich walked through all the rooms. The same piano stood in the living room, the same hoop stood by the window as then. Only the wallpaper was different.

In the garden he saw the same bench and walked along the same alley. His sadness was tormenting, although he was already making that turning point, without which it is impossible to remain a decent person: he stopped thinking about his own happiness.

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In the provincial town of O ... lives a wealthy fifty-year-old widow Marya Dmitrievna Kalitina. Her aunt Marfa Timofeevna lives with her, as well as her two daughters, Elena and Elizaveta. The son is brought up in St. Petersburg. On a spring evening in 1842, Marya Dmitrievna and Marfa Timofeevna are sitting at an open window. The servant announces the arrival of Gedeonovsky, who was friends with the late husband Kalitina.

Gedeonovsky says that a relative of Kalitina, Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky, came to the city. The young man lived abroad for a long time. Eleven-year-old Lena Kalitina runs into the living room from the garden and enthusiastically announces that Vladimir Nikolaevich Panshin is riding to them on a new horse.

Immediately, a handsome young rider on a hot horse appears in front of the window. Panshin boasts of his acquisition and deftly subdues the stallion so that Lena can pet him. Then he pulls up to the porch and already appears in the living room. At the same time, a beautiful black-haired girl Liza, Kalitina's eldest daughter, enters from the garden.

Panshin is a favorite of the governor and the whole society, a brilliant St. Petersburg official, temporarily on assignment in the provinces. He has long become his own in the house of Kalitina. Nikolai composed a romance and offers to listen to it. During the performance, an old German, music teacher Lemm, enters the living room. He came to give Lena a lesson.

Lemm was born into a family of poor musicians and was left an orphan at the age of ten. He wandered around the world a lot, wrote music, but did not become famous. Fleeing from poverty, Lemm accepted the offer of a Russian gentleman to lead the orchestra. So he ended up in Russia, where he settled for many years. Recently, Lemm lives with an old cook in a tiny house and earns money with music lessons.

Panshin and Liza sat down to learn Beethoven's sonata, but Nikolai's performance was poor. He starts painting the landscape. Lemm comes out, having finished the lesson. The German refuses to stay for tea, and Liza comes out to see him off. Near the gate she meets a tall, broad-shouldered stranger.

The new guest turns out to be Fyodor Lavretsky. Liza escorts the man to the house, where he is joyfully greeted by Marya Dmitrievna and Marfa Timofeevna. Fedor talks about his desire to live in the small village of Vasilyevskoye, where he is going to go tomorrow morning. Late in the evening, Panshin tries to explain himself to Liza, tells her about his feelings.

The story of the birth of Fyodor Lavretsky is noteworthy. His father Ivan was brought up in the rich house of Princess Kubenskaya and was considered her heir. But unexpectedly, the old woman married a French teacher and transferred the entire fortune to her husband. Ivan was forced to return home to the village, where he fell in love with the courtyard girl Malanya. To spite his father, he married his beloved and went to live with his aunt, Marfa Timofeevna. The princess helped him secure a diplomatic position. Ivan learned about the birth of his son Fedor in London.

Ivan's mother soon fell ill and took to her bed. Before her death, she wanted to see her grandson and daughter-in-law. The husband did not dare to argue, and Malanya again crossed the threshold of the house, but no longer a maid, but a mistress. The sight of a one-year-old grandson touched the old man. He allowed Malanya to stay with the child. For the sake of his grandson, Ivan was also forgiven, who returned from abroad after the death of his father. Malanya also died by that time, and Fedor was already twelve years old.

Ivan's return home did little to change the estate. He expelled the army of freeloaders, changed the furniture and liveries of lackeys. Other guests began to visit the house. But otherwise, nothing has changed: the master did not take care of the household, the house was still run by his older sister Glafira, a hunchbacked old maid.

But Ivan took up the education of his son. The child was awakened at four in the morning, doused with cold water and forced to run. The boy ate once a day and only one dish, rode horseback, shot from a crossbow and practiced gymnastics. Fedor studied international law, natural sciences, mathematics and carpentry. His father called his method "Spartan education." He died when Fedor was twenty-three years old.

The knowledge that Fedor received at home seemed to him unsystematic and insufficient. Therefore, Lavretsky left for Moscow and entered the university there. Fedor grew up as a closed person, almost did not communicate with his peers, but at the university he became friends with one student named Mikhalevich. He introduced Lavretsky to Varvara Korobyina, the daughter of a retired general.

The general did not have significant funds, so after his resignation he was forced to settle not in the capital, but in cheaper Moscow. Varvara graduated from the Institute of Noble Maidens as the best student, played the piano beautifully and adored the theater, where Fedor saw her for the first time.

For six months, Lavretsky, in love, went to the general's house, and then proposed to Varvara. The girl accepted it. The Korobins knew perfectly well that Fedor had two thousand souls of serfs, and considered him a good match for their daughter.

At the insistence of his wife's relatives, Lavretsky left the university and returned to the estate. Soon Varvara very cleverly survived Glafira, whose place was taken by the general. The young people left for St. Petersburg, where Varvara began to shine in the light. After the death of their newborn son, the couple went abroad. There, Fedor again plunged into self-education, and his wife continued to shine.

Accidentally entering his wife's office, Lavretsky found a note on the floor from her lover. From that moment on, he no longer wanted to see his wife. Fedor appointed her a small annual allowance and ordered the general to be removed from the management of the estate. Lavretsky accepted the news of the birth of his daughter with indifference. Four years later, he fully recovered from the blow and returned to Russia.

Lavretsky comes to the Kalitins to say goodbye before leaving. On the porch, he meets Lisa, who was about to go to church, and asks the girl to pray for him. Then Fyodor says goodbye to Marya Dmitrievna and her aunt. Kalitina hopes for a speedy marriage between Lisa and the brilliant Panshin. Marfa Timofeevna, on the contrary, is very unhappy with Nikolai.

Fedor arrives in Vasilyevskoye. Desolation reigns in the yard and in the house. Only one gray-haired lackey comes forward. Almost everything has remained unchanged here since the death of Aunt Glafira.

Lavretsky feels uncomfortable in a small and old, but still strong house. The garden is completely deserted. The servants are perplexed why the master decided to settle here if he has a rich Lavriki estate. But Fedor cannot live where everything reminds of his wife.

Lavretsky plunges into sleepy vegetation. All day long he sits motionless near the window and detachedly looks at the slow course of village life. The pain gradually leaves his soul.

Fedor begins to put Vasilyevskoye in order. He lives as a hermit, is fond of the history of his native land, ancient traditions. Three weeks after his return, Lavretsky visits the Kalitins and meets Lemm. He likes the old man very much, and Fedor invites the German to stay in Vasilyevsky.

On the way to the village, Lavretsky and Lemm talk about music. Fyodor invites the old man to compose an opera. But Lemm claims that he is too old for this, he can only master the romance. True, romance requires good poetry, something about pure stars. These words remind Fedor of Lisa, he thinks about the girl for a long time.

Lemm settles in Vasilievsky. Over tea, Lavretsky discusses with him the forthcoming marriage of Lisa and Panshin. The old German is angry. He believes that Panshin is not a match for such an honest, innocent and talented girl. Fedor suggests inviting Liza with her mother and aunt to Vasilyevskoye. Lemm demands that Panshin not come with them.

Lavretsky goes to the city to invite the ladies to visit. In the living room, he finds Lisa and starts a sincere conversation with her. The girl is interested in why Fedor left his wife? Lisa believes that you need to be able to forgive even betrayal. Fedor tries to explain to her that Varvara is a fallen woman and is not worthy of her intercession. Here Marya Dmitrievna enters, and Lavretsky is forced to break off the conversation. Everyone, except for the aunt, agrees to go to the village.

Fedor returns home, where Mikhalevich is waiting for him. An old friend learned that Lavretsky had come from abroad and decided to visit a friend. Fedor communicates with the guest until the third rooster. The next day, Mikhalevich leaves.

Two days later, Kalitins arrive in the village. Lemm unsuccessfully composed a romance and was very upset about this. After dinner, everyone goes to catch carp in the pond. Lavretsky and Liza sit side by side and talk a lot.

In the evening Marya Dmitrievna is going home. Lavretsky volunteers to see the guests half way. All this time he talks with Lisa, young people part as friends. The next evening, while reading a French magazine, Fyodor accidentally discovered a note about the death of his wife.

Lemme going home. It's time for him to get back to class. Fedor goes with him and takes a magazine with an article. After saying goodbye to Lemm in the city, he pays a visit to Kalitins. The guests gathered there, but Lavretsky finds a good moment and hands Liza a journal with a note marked on it. He whispers to the girl that he will call tomorrow.

Lavretsky again comes to the Kalitins. Marya Dmitrievna is dissatisfied with his visit. She does not like Fyodor, and Panshin speaks badly of him. Lavretsky goes out into the garden where Liza and Lena are strolling. The elder sister discreetly returns the magazine and asks about how Fyodor took the terrible news. Lavretsky was practically not upset, and Lisa is outraged by this answer. She admits that she received an offer from Panshin. Lavretsky begs Liza not to make a hasty decision.

In the evening Fyodor again goes to the Kalitins' house. He is unable to wait until tomorrow for news. Lisa informs Lavretsky that she did not give a definite answer and promised to think more.

Lavretsky returns to Vasilyevskoye and does not appear in the city for four days. All this time he does not find a place for himself. Fedor is waiting for official news of his wife's death. He clearly understands that he is in love with Lisa, but does not hope for reciprocity. When Lavretsky arrives again, Lisa scolds him for his long absence and invites him to a church service on Sunday to pray together for the repose of Varvara's soul. The young man comes, but does not pray, but looks at Liza all the time.

Fedor waits every day for news from his beloved, but they do not come. The girl is thoughtful, she tries not to be alone with Lavretsky. Fedor does not understand what is happening and suffers greatly from uncertainty. He finds in the priest's house. It turns out that Liza ordered a prayer service.

In the Kalitins' house, Lavretsky enters into an argument with Panshin about the ways of Russia's development. Panshin scolds the backwardness of Russian thought and life, claims that his compatriots "are not even able to invent mousetraps" and therefore must learn from more developed Europeans. Lavretsky smashes all the opponent's arguments.

Lisa fully agrees with Lavretsky, and Panshin's reasoning frightens her. The guests disperse, but Fedor does not want to go home. He goes out into the field and wanders among the grasses for a long time. A narrow path leads Lavretsky to a gate that is not locked. Fyodor enters the garden and is surprised to find that it is the Kalitins' garden. Liza comes out of the house, unable to sleep. Between lovers there is an explanation. Happy Lavretsky walks through the streets of the city, a melody of extraordinary beauty reaches him. It's old man Lemm playing his composition.

Lisa was 10 years old when her father died. He, like Marya Dmitrievna, was not involved in raising his daughter. The stupid French governess devoted more time to cards and sweets than to her pupil. The main influence on the girl was the nanny Agafya.

The fate of this woman was difficult. Agafya grew up in prosperity in the family of the headman. A beautiful lively peasant woman was noticed by the master and fell in love with her. Agafya was taken to a house where she lived in luxury and idleness until the death of her benefactor. Then the lady married Agafya to a cattleman, but after a couple of years she returned to the estate and even appointed a housekeeper, and her husband a footman. But he got drunk and began to steal. Agafya again fell into disfavor. Soon the husband went to another world, and then the children of Agafya also died. A lonely devout woman was assigned to Liza. From her, the girl learned humility, forgiveness, love for God. Agafya could not get along with Marfa Timofeevna. When she appeared in the house, Agafya went to the schismatic skete.

After an explanation with Lisa, Lavretsky comes to the Kalitins, but he is not received. Lisa is not at home, and Marya Dmitrievna has a headache. Two hours later, Fedor again receives a refusal. In the evening, Lavretsky returns to his town house and unexpectedly finds Varvara Pavlovna and her daughter Ada there. Varvara throws herself at his feet and asks for forgiveness. Taking advantage of the rumor of her death, she dropped everything and hurried back to Russia. Varvara repents of her bad deeds, but Lavretsky does not believe her.

In complete confusion, Fyodor wanders the streets for half the night and stops at Lemm's house. Lavretsky asks the old man to take a note to Liza in the morning, in which he reports on the sudden "resurrection" of his wife. Lisa replies that they won't be able to see each other today. Lavretsky returns home. Having hardly endured a conversation with his wife, he goes to Vasilyevskoye.

On the day when Lavretsky's wife returned, Liza had a meeting with Panshin. He came to receive an answer to his proposal. Lisa refuses Panshin, after which she listens to many unpleasant words from Marya Dmitrievna. She accuses Lisa of ingratitude. Marfa Timofeevna informs Lisa that she was seen at night in the garden with Fyodor. Lisa hardly manages to justify herself.

Varvara Pavlovna goes to the Kalitins. Marya Dmitrievna accepts her out of curiosity, but the cunning lady charms the provincial with stories about Paris, and then bribes her with a fashionable bottle of perfume. Varvara is an excellent musician, her talent surpasses Lisa's. The girl hardly forces herself to spend dinner in the company of Fedor's wife. She immediately understands the deceitful game of this woman. I don't like Varvara and Marfa Timofeevna. The old woman takes Lisa to her and cries for a long time, kissing her hands.

Panshin arrives for dinner, whom Varvara instantly charms. Marya Dmitrievna promises that she will try to reconcile her with Fyodor. Lavretsky's wife behaves quite freely and even tries her charms on the old man Gedeonovsky. She finally overshadows Lisa in the eyes of provincial society.

Meanwhile, Lavretsky finds no place for himself in the countryside. He understands that everything is over and happiness, slightly beckoning, again left him. You have to calm down and take matters into your own hands. Fedor goes to the city.

Here Lavretsky learns that his wife is with the Kalitins. Fyodor hurries there, but does not enter the drawing room, but goes up the back stairs to Marfa Timofeevna. The old woman brings Liza and leaves the lovers alone. The girl asks Lavretsky to make peace with his wife for the sake of her daughter. She leaves him a handkerchief to remember. The footman conveys to Fyodor Marya Dmitrievna's request to visit her.

The work "The Noble Nest" was written in 1858. Turgenev set himself the task of depicting a typical image of the Russian landowner's estate, in which the life of the entire provincial nobility of that time proceeded. What was this society? Brilliance and wretchedness merged here into a single canvas of secular existence. The life of the nobility consisted of receptions, balls, trips to the theater, the pursuit of Western fashion, the desire to look “worthy”. In this work, Turgenev revealed the concept of a “noble nest” not only as an estate of a noble family, but also as a social, cultural and psychological phenomenon.

It happened in 1842. On a fine spring day in the Kalitins' house, it becomes known that a certain Lavretsky is coming. This is a significant event for the city. Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky arrives abroad. He was in Paris, where he accidentally discovered the betrayal of his own wife, the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna. He broke off relations with her, and as a result of this, she became famous in Europe.

The news is brought by a certain Gedeonovsky, a state councilor and a big man. The widow of the former provincial prosecutor Maria Dmitrievna, whose house is considered the most respected in the city, has sympathy for him.

“Marya Dmitrievna in her youth enjoyed the reputation of a pretty blonde; and at fifty her features were not devoid of pleasantness, although they were a little swollen and flattened. She was more sensitive than kind, and until her mature years she retained her institute manners; she spoiled herself, was easily irritated, and even wept when her habits were broken; on the other hand, she was very affectionate and amiable when all her desires were fulfilled and no one contradicted her. Her house was one of the nicest in the city.

Maria Dmitrievna's aunt, seventy-year-old Marfa Timofeevna, on the contrary, does not like Pestov, Gedeonovsky, considering him a talker and a writer. Marfa Timofeevna generally likes few people. For example, she does not at all favor the official from St. Petersburg on special assignments, the chamber junker Vladimir Nikolaevich Panshin, whom everyone loves so much. The first groom in the city, a wonderful gentleman who plays the piano so amazingly, and also composes romances, writes poetry, draws, recites. He has a lot of talents, besides, he holds himself with such dignity!

Panshin arrived in the city with some task. Often happens at Kaliti's. They say he likes Liza, the nineteen-year-old daughter of Maria Dmitrievna. Surely he would have made an offer long ago, but only Marfa Timofeevna does not let him down, believing that he is no match for Lisa. And the music teacher, already middle-aged Khristofor Fedorovich Lemm, does not like him. Lemm's appearance did not favor him. He was small, round-shouldered, with crookedly protruding shoulder blades and a retracted belly, with large flat feet, with pale blue nails on the hard, unbent fingers of sinewy red hands; his face had wrinkled, sunken cheeks and compressed lips, with which he constantly moved and chewed, which, with his usual silence, produced an almost ominous impression; his gray hair hung in tufts over his low forehead; like freshly filled embers, his tiny, motionless eyes smoldered muffledly; he walked heavily, at every step throwing his clumsy body. This unattractive German was very fond of his pupil Lisa.

Everyone in the city discusses Lavretsky's personal life and comes to the conclusion that he does not look too pathetic as it was supposed. Keeps cheerful, looks good, and radiates with health. Only sadness hides in the eyes.

Lavretsky is a man of such a disposition that it is unusual for him to become limp. His great-grandfather Andrei was a tough, smart, cunning man, he knew how to stand up for himself and achieve what he needed. His wife was a gypsy at all, her character was quick-tempered, it was fraught with offending her - she would always find how to take revenge on the offender. “The son of Andrei, Peter, Fedorov’s grandfather, did not resemble his father; he was a simple steppe gentleman, rather eccentric, a screamer and a hooter, rude, but not evil, a hospitable and canine hunter. He was over thirty years old when he inherited from his father two thousand souls in excellent order, but he soon dismissed them, partly sold his estate, spoiled the domestics ... Pyotr Andreevich's wife was a humble; he took her from a neighboring family, according to his father's choice and order; her name was Anna Pavlovna ... She had two children with him: son Ivan, Fedorov's father, and daughter Glafira.

Ivan was brought up by a rich old aunt, Princess Kubenskaya: she appointed him her heir, dressed him like a doll, hired all kinds of teachers for him. After her death, Ivan did not want to stay in his aunt's house, where he suddenly turned from a rich heir into a hanger-on. Involuntarily, he returned to the village, to his father. His native nest seemed dirty, poor and trashy, and everyone in the house, except for his mother, looked unfriendly. His father criticized him, “everything here is not for him,” he used to say, “he’s picky at the table, he doesn’t eat, he can’t stand the smell of people, he can’t stand stuffiness, the sight of drunks upsets him, don’t dare to fight in front of him either, he doesn’t want to serve: weak, you see , health; fu you, such a sissy!

Tempering to life's troubles, obviously, passed from the ancestors to Fyodor Lavretsky. Even in infancy, Fedor had to take a sip of trials. His father became friends with the maid Malanya, fell in love and wanted to connect his fate with her. His father became furious and disinherited him, ordering Malania to be sent away. On the way, Ivan intercepted her, and got married. He left her with his distant relatives, he went to St. Petersburg, then abroad. Malania had a son. For a long time, the elder Lavretskys did not accept her, and only when Ivan's mother was dying, she asked her husband to accept her son and wife. Malanya Sergeevna appeared with little Fedor at the house of her husband's parents. The latter came to Russia twelve years later, when Malanya had already died.

Fedor was brought up by his aunt Glafira Andreevna. This woman was terrible: evil and ugly, loving power and humility. She kept Fyodor in fear. She was given him to be raised during her mother's lifetime.

Upon his return, the father himself took up the upbringing of his son. The boy's life has changed, but it has not become easier. Now he wore a Scottish suit, he was taught mathematics, international law, heraldry, natural sciences, forced to do gymnastics, get up at four in the morning, pour cold water on him, and then run around the post on a rope. They fed him once a day. In addition, he was taught to ride, shoot from a crossbow, and when Fyodor turned seventeen, his father began to instill in him contempt for women.

Fedor's father died a few years later. Young Lavretsky went to Moscow, where he entered the university. Here, those traits began to appear that were nurtured in him, first by an evil wayward aunt, then by his father. Fedor did not find a common language with anyone. As for women, it was as if they did not exist at all in his life. He avoided them and was afraid.

The only person with whom Fedor got along was a certain Mi-khalevich. He wrote poetry and looked at life with enthusiasm. With Fedor, they seriously became friends. When Fyodor was twenty-six, Mikhalevich introduced him to the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna Korobina, and Lavretsky lost his head. Varvara was really good, charming, educated, possessed many talents and could bewitch anyone, not just Fyodor. Because of this, he had to suffer in the future. Well, in the meantime, there was a wedding, and six months later the young arrived in Lavriki.

Fedor did not graduate from the university. Together with his young wife, he began a family life. Aunt Glafira was no longer in charge of his house. General Korobin, Varvara Pavlovna's father, was appointed manager. The young family went to Petersburg.

Soon they had a son, but he did not live very long. Doctors advised the family to move to Paris to improve their health. And so they did.

Varvara Pavlovna liked Paris immediately and forever. She conquers the French world, gets herself an army of admirers. In society, she is accepted as the first beauty of the world.

Lavretsky did not even think about doubting his wife, but a love note addressed to Varvara fell into his hands. The character of the ancestors woke up in Fedor. In a rage, he first decided to destroy both his wife and her lover, but then he ordered a letter about the annual allowance to his wife and about the departure of General Korobin from the estate, and he went to Italy.

Abroad, Fedor continued to hear rumors about his wife's affairs. He learned that she had a daughter, possibly his daughter. However, by this time, Fedor did not care anymore. For four years he lived in a voluntary distance from everything that was in his former life. Then, however, he decided to return home to Russia, to his Vasilievskoye estate.

In his hometown, Lisa liked him from the first days. However, he himself assumed her to be Panshin's lover, who did not leave her a single step. Lisa's mother openly said that Panshin could become Elizabeth's chosen one. Marfa Timofeevna desperately opposed this.

Lavretsky settled in his estate and began to live in solitude. He did housework, rode horseback, read a lot. After some time, he decided to go to the Kalitins. So he met Lemm, with whom he became friends. In the conversation, old Lemm, who was rarely treated with respect, spoke of Panshin. He was sure that Lisa did not need this man, that she did not love him, that her mother urged her on. Lemm spoke badly of Panshin as a person and believed that Lisa simply could not fall in love with such a nonentity.

Liza lost her father early, however, he did little to her. “Swamped with business, constantly preoccupied with the growth of his fortune, bilious, sharp, impatient, he did not skimp on giving money for teachers, tutors, for clothes and other needs of children; but he could not bear, as he put it, to babysit squeakers—and he had no time to babysit them: he worked, busied himself with business, slept little, occasionally played cards, worked again; he compared himself to a horse harnessed to a threshing machine...

Marya Dmitrievna, in fact, was not much more concerned with Liza than her husband, although she boasted to Lavretsky that she had brought up her children alone; she dressed her like a doll, stroked her head in front of guests and called her a clever and darling in her eyes - and only: the lazy lady was tired of all constant care. During the life of her father, Lisa was in the arms of a gou-vfnant, the maiden Moreau from Paris; and after his death, Marfa Timofeevna took up her upbringing. Turgenev shows the typical attitude of parents towards children in the so-called "noble nests".

Lisa and Lavretsky are getting closer. They communicate a lot, and it is obvious that there is mutual trust in their relationship. Once, in great embarrassment, Liza asked Lavretsky why he had broken with his wife. In her opinion, it is impossible to tear apart what God has connected, and Lavretsky had to forgive his wife, no matter what she did. Lisa herself lives by the principle of forgiveness. She is submissive because she was taught this as a child. When Liza was very young, her nanny named Agafya took her to church, told her about the life of the Blessed Virgin, saints and hermits. She herself was an example of humility, meekness, and a sense of duty was her main life principle.

Unexpectedly, Mikhalevich arrives in Vasilyevskoye, aged, obviously not living well, but still burning with life. He “did not lose heart and lived for himself as a cynic, an idealist, a poet, sincerely caring and lamenting about the fate of mankind, about his own vocation - and caring very little about how not to die of hunger. Mikhalevich was not married, but fell in love without counting and wrote poems for all his lovers; he sang especially ardently about one mysterious black-haired<панну»... Ходили, правда, слухи, будто эта панна была простая жидовка, хорошо известная многим кавалерийским офицерам... но, как подумаешь -чразве и это не все равно?»

Lavretsky and Mikhalevich argue for a long time on the topic of happiness in life. What can give a person joy, bring him out of an apathetic existence? - this is the subject of their dispute. Lemm follows the course of their thoughts without interfering in the discussion.

The Kalitins are coming to Vasilyevskoye. Lisa and Lavretsky communicate a lot, it is clear that both of them enjoy it. They become friends, which they confirm when they say goodbye during a short dialogue.

The next day, Lavretsky looks through French magazines and newspapers to keep himself occupied. One of them contains a message that the queen of fashionable Parisian salons, Madame Lavretskaya, suddenly died. Fyodor Ivanovich thus turns out to be free.

In the morning he goes to the Kalitins to meet Lisa and tell her the news. However, Lisa accepted him rather coolly, saying that it was worth thinking not about her new position, but about getting forgiveness. In turn, Lisa says that Panshin proposed to her. She does not love him, but her mother insistently convinces her to marry him.

Lavretsky begs Liza to think before, not to marry without love. “- I only ask you about one thing ... do not decide right away, wait, think about what I told you. Even if you did not believe me, even if you decided to marry according to reason - and in that case you would not marry Mr. Panshin: he cannot be your husband ... Isn't it true, you promise me not to hurry?

Liza wanted to answer Lavretsky - and did not utter a word, not because she decided to "hurry"; but because her heart was beating too fast and a feeling like fear took her breath away.

She immediately tells Panshin that she is not yet ready to give an answer and must think. That same evening, she reported her words to Lavretsky, and then seemed to disappear for several days. When he asked about what she had decided about Panshin, Liza evaded the answer.

Once, at a social event, Panshin begins to talk about the new generation. In his opinion, Russia lagged behind Europe. As arguments, he cites, for example, that even mousetraps were not invented in Russia. His anger and irritation is obvious, regarding the topic of conversation - Russia - Parshin demonstrates contempt. Lavretsky enters into an argument, unexpectedly for everyone.

“Lavretsky defended the youth and independence of Russia; he sacrificed himself, his generation, but stood up for new people, for their beliefs and desires; Panshin objected irritably and sharply, announced that smart people should redo everything, and finally carried on to the point that, forgetting his chamber junker rank and bureaucratic career, he called Lavretsky a backward conservative, even hinted - though very remotely - at his false position in society.

As a result, Panshin with his arguments is defeated. He is annoyed by this fact, especially since Liza is clearly sympathetic to Lavretsky. In an argument, she took his point of view.

Lavretsky says that while there is vanity and numerous reforms around, he personally intends to plow the land as best and conscientiously as possible.

Lisa is offended and insulted that Panshin speaks of Russia in this way. She finally moves away from him, but for Lavretsky, on the contrary, she feels steadfast sympathy. She sees that they have a lot in common. The only discrepancy is the attitude towards God, but here, too, Lisa hopes that she will be able to introduce Lavretsky to the faith.

Lavretsky himself also feels the need to see Liza, to be with her. The guests disperse from the secular party, but Fedor is in no hurry. He goes out into the night garden, sits down on a bench and calls to Lisa, who is passing by. As she approaches, he confesses his love for her.

After the confession, joyful and happy, for the first time in a long time, Lavretsky returns home. In the sleeping city, he suddenly hears the wondrous, alluring sounds of music. They pour from Lemm's dwelling. Lavretsky listens fascinated, and then, calling the old man, embraces him.

The next day, Lavretsky was overtaken by an unexpected blow - his wife returned. Her many things filled the entire living room, and she herself begs him to forgive her.

“- You can live wherever you want; and if your pension is not enough for you...

Oh, don’t say such terrible words,” Varvara Pavlovna interrupted him, “have mercy on me, though... although for the sake of this angel...” And, having said these words, Varvara Pavlovna quickly ran out into another room and immediately returned with very elegantly dressed girl in her arms. Large blond curls fell on her pretty ruddy face, on big black sleepy eyes; she smiled, and squinted from the fire, and rested her plump little hand on her mother's neck.

Ada's daughter arrived with Barbara, and she makes her also beg her father for forgiveness.

Lavretsky invited Varvara Pavlovna to settle in Lavriki, but never count on a resumption of relations. She meekly agrees, but on the same day she goes to the Kalitins.

Meanwhile, the final explanation between Liza and Panshin took place at the Kalitins. Varvara Pavlovna disposes everyone to a Jewish person, conducting secular conversations, achieves the location of Maria Dmitrievna and Panshin. Lisa's mother promises to assist her in reconciliation with her husband. Among other things, Varvara hints that he has not yet forgotten "fee. Liza is very worried about this, but tries to hold on with all her might.

“Lisa's heart began to beat strongly and painfully: she barely broke herself, barely sat still. It seemed to her that Varvara Pavlovna knew everything and, secretly triumphant, teased her. Fortunately for her, Gedeonovsky spoke to Varvara Pavlovna and diverted her attention. Lisa bent over the embroidery frame and furtively watched her. This woman, she thought, he loved. But she immediately drove the very thought of Lavretsky out of her head: she was afraid of losing power over herself; she felt that her head was spinning quietly.

Lavretsky receives a note from Lisa asking for a visit and goes to the Kalitins. There he first of all sees Marfa Timofeevna. Thanks to her assistance, Fedor and Lisa remain alone. Lisa says that now there is nothing left but to fulfill his duty, Fyodor Ivanovich must make peace with his wife. Now, she says, it is impossible not to see that happiness does not depend on people, but on God.

Lavretsky, at the invitation of the servant, goes to Marya Dmitrievna. She tries to persuade him to forgive his wife. She convinces him of her great repentance, then leads Varvara Pavlovna herself out from behind the screen, and both of them beg him to have mercy. Lavretsky succumbs to persuasion and promises that he will live with her under the same roof, but only on the condition that she does not leave the estate. The next morning he took his wife and daughter to Lavriki and left for Moscow a week later.

The next day Panshin came to Varvara Pavlovna and stayed with her for three days.

Lisa, in a conversation with Marfa Timofeevna, says that she wants to go to a monastery. “I know everything, both my own sins and those of others... It is necessary to pray for all this, it is necessary to pray for it. I feel sorry for you, sorry for your mother, Lenochka; but there is nothing to do; I feel that I cannot live here; I have already said goodbye to everything, bowed to everything in the house for the last time; recalls me something; I feel sick, I want to lock myself up forever. Do not hold me back, do not dissuade me, help me, otherwise I will leave alone ... "

A year has passed. Lavretsky learned that Liza had taken the veil as a nun. She now resided in a monastery located in one of the most remote parts of Russia. After some time, Lavretsky went there. Lisa obviously noticed him, but pretended not to recognize him. They didn't even talk.

Varvara Pavlovna soon moved to St. Petersburg, and then again went to Paris. Fyodor Ivanovich gave her a bill of exchange and paid off the possibility of a second unexpected run-in. She is older and fatter, but still sweet and graceful. She had a new lover, a guardsman, “a certain Zakurdalo-Skubyrnikov, a man of about thirty-eight, of an unusually strong build. French visitors to Ms. Lavretskaya’s salon call it “1e gros taureau de 1’Ukraine” (“fat bull from Ukraine”, French). Varvara Pavlovna never invites him to her fashionable evenings, but he enjoys her full favor.

Eight years passed, and Lavretsky again went to his native city. In the Kalitins' house, many have already died. The house was now run by the young, the younger sister Lisa and her fiancé. Through the noise and merry voices, Fyodor Lavretsky walked around the house, saw the same piano, the same atmosphere, which he remembered. He was seized by "a feeling of living sadness about the disappeared youth, about the happiness that he once possessed." In the garden, the same bench and the same alley reminded him of something irretrievably lost. Only he no longer regretted anything, since he had ceased to desire his own happiness.

“And the end? - the dissatisfied reader may ask. - And what happened to Lavretsky later? with Lisa? But what to say about people who are still alive, but have already left the earthly field, why return to them?

This work was called "The Noble Nest" for a reason. The theme of such "nests" was close to Turgenev. With the greatest talent, he conveyed the atmosphere of such places, described the passions that boiled in them, worried about the fate of the heroes - Russian nobles, predicted their prospects. This work confirms that this theme is respected in the writer's work.

However, this novel cannot be called optimistic from the point of view of the fate of a particular "noble nest". Turgenev writes about the degeneration of such places, which is confirmed by many elements: the replicas of the heroes, the description of the feudal system and, in contrast, the “wild nobility”, idolatry before everything European, the images of the heroes themselves.

Using the example of the Lavretsky family, the author shows how the events of the era influence the formation of individuals living at that time. It becomes clear to readers that a person cannot live in isolation from what is happening on a large scale around him. He describes the characteristic features of the wild nobility, with its permissiveness and stereotyping, then proceeds to denounce idolatry before Europe. All this is the history of one kind of Russian nobility, very typical for its time.

Turning to the description of the modern noble family of the Kalitins, Turgenev notes that in this seemingly prosperous family, no one cares about Lisa's experiences, parents do not pay attention to children, there is no trust in relationships, at the same time material things are highly valued. So, Lisa's mother is trying to marry her to a man whom she does not love. A woman is guided by considerations of wealth and prestige.

The ancestors of Lavretsky, the old gossip Gedeonovsky, the dashing retired captain and famous player of Father Panigin, the lover of government money, retired General Korobin - all these images symbolize the time. It is obvious that numerous vices flourish in Russian society, and the “noble nests” are deplorable places in which there is no place for the spiritual. Meanwhile, the aristocrats themselves consider themselves the best people. There is a crisis in Russian society.

Turgenev's novel "The Nest of Nobles" was written in 1858, published in January 1859 in the Sovremennik magazine. Immediately after publication, the novel gained great popularity in society, as the author touched upon deep social problems. The book is based on Turgenev's reflections on the fate of the Russian nobility.

main characters

Lavretsky Fedor Ivanovich- a rich landowner, an honest and decent person.

Varvara Pavlovna- Lavretsky's wife, a two-faced and prudent person.

Lisa Kalitina- the eldest daughter of Marya Dmitrievna, a pure and deeply decent girl.

Other characters

Marya Dmitrievna Kalitina- a widow, a sensitive woman.

Marfa Timofeevna Pestova- Maria Dmitrievna's aunt, an honest and independent woman.

Lena Kalitina- the youngest daughter of Marya Dmitrievna.

Sergei Petrovich Gedeonovsky- State Councilor, friend of the Kalitin family

Vladimir Nikolaevich Panshin- a handsome young man, an official.

Khristofor Fedorovich Lemm- the old music teacher of the Kalitin sisters, a German.

Ada- daughter of Varvara Pavlovna and Fyodor Ivanovich.

Chapters I-III

On “one of the extreme streets of the provincial city of O ...” there is a beautiful house where Marya Dmitrievna Kalitina lives, a pretty widow who “was easily irritated and even cried when her habits were violated”. Her son is brought up in one of the best educational institutions in St. Petersburg, and two daughters live with her.

Marya Dmitrievna's company is made up of her aunt, her father's sister, Marfa Timofeevna Pestova, who "had an independent disposition, told everyone the truth in the eye."

Sergei Petrovich Gedeonovsky, a good friend of the Kalitin family, says that Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky returned to the city, whom he "personally saw."

Because of some ugly story with his wife, the young man was forced to leave his hometown and go abroad. But now he has returned and, according to Gedeonovsky, has become even better looking - “they have become even wider in the shoulders, and the blush is all over the cheek.”

A handsome young rider on a hot horse famously gallops to the Kalitins' house. Vladimir Nikolaevich Panshin easily pacifies the zealous stallion and allows Lena to pet him. He and Lisa appear in the living room at the same time - "a slender, tall, black-haired girl of about nineteen."

Chapters IV-VII

Panshin is a brilliant young official, spoiled by the attention of secular society, who very quickly "became known as one of the most amiable and dexterous young people in St. Petersburg." He was sent to the town of O. on business, and in the Kalitins' house he managed to become his man.

Panshin performs his new romance to those present, which they find delightful. Meanwhile, the old music teacher, Monsieur Lemm, comes to the Kalitins. His whole appearance shows that Panshin's music made no impression on him.

Khristofor Fedorovich Lemm was born into a family of poor musicians, and at the age of "he was orphaned at the age of eight, and from ten he began to earn a piece of bread for his art." He traveled a lot, wrote beautiful music, but he could not become famous. Fearing poverty, Lemm agreed to lead the orchestra of a Russian gentleman. So he ended up in Russia, where he firmly settled. Khristofor Fedorovich "alone, with an old cook he took from the almshouse" lives in a small house, earning a living by private music lessons.

Liza escorts Lemm to the porch, after finishing his lesson, where she meets a tall, stately stranger. It turns out to be Fyodor Lavretsky, whom Lisa did not recognize after an eight-year separation. Marya Dmitrievna joyfully greets the guest and introduces him to all present.

Leaving the Kalitins' house, Panshin declares his love to Liza.

Chapters VIII-XI

Fyodor Ivanovich "descended from an ancient noble tribe." His father, Ivan Lavretsky, fell in love with a courtyard girl and married her. Having received a diplomatic post, he went to London, from where he learned about the birth of his son Fyodor.

Ivan's parents softened their anger, reconciled with their son and took into the house a rootless daughter-in-law with a one-year-old son. After the death of the old people, the master almost did not take care of the household, and his elder sister Glafira, an arrogant and imperious old maid, managed the house.

Having come to grips with raising his son, Ivan Lavretsky set himself the goal of making a real Spartan out of a frail, lazy boy. He was awakened at 4 o'clock in the morning, doused with cold water, forced to do gymnastics intensively, and limited in food. Such measures had a positive effect on Fedor's health - "at first he caught a fever, but soon recovered and became a fine fellow."

Fedor's adolescence passed under the constant yoke of a despotic father. Only at the age of 23, after the death of a parent, the young man was able to breathe deeply.

Chapters XII-XVI

Young Lavretsky, fully aware of the "deficiencies of his upbringing", went to Moscow and entered the university in the department of physics and mathematics.

The unsystematic and contradictory upbringing of his father played a cruel joke on Fedor: “he didn’t know how to get along with people”, “he didn’t dare to look a single woman in the eye”, “didn’t know a lot that every high school student has known for a long time”.

At the university, the closed and unsociable Lavretsky made friends with the student Mikhalevich, who introduced him to the daughter of a retired general, Varvara Korobina.

The girl's father, a major general, after an ugly story with the waste of state money, was forced to move with his family from St. Petersburg to "Moscow for cheap bread." By that time, Varvara had managed to graduate from the Institute for Noble Maidens, where she was known as the best student. She adored the theater, often tried to attend performances, where Fedor saw her for the first time.

The girl charmed Lavretsky so much that “six months later, he explained himself to Varvara Pavlovna and offered her his hand.” She agreed, because she knew that her fiancé was rich and noble.

The first days after the wedding, Fedor "fell in bliss, reveled in happiness." Varvara Pavlovna skillfully survived Glafira from her own house, and the empty place of the manager of the estate was immediately occupied by her father, who dreamed of throwing his hands into the estate of a rich son-in-law.

Having moved to St. Petersburg, the newlyweds "traveled and received a lot, gave the most charming musical and dance parties", at which Varvara Pavlovna shone in all her splendor.

After the death of their firstborn, the couple, on the advice of doctors, went to the waters, then to Paris, where Lavretsky accidentally found out about his wife's infidelity. The betrayal of a loved one greatly crippled him, but he found the strength to tear out the image of Barbara from his heart. The news of the birth of his daughter did not soften him either. Having appointed the traitor a decent annual allowance, he broke off any relationship with her.

Fedor "was not born a sufferer", and four years later he returned to his homeland.

XVII-XXI

Lavretsky comes to the Kalitins to say goodbye before leaving. Upon learning that Lisa is heading to church, she asks to pray for him. From Marfa Timofeevna, he learns that Panshin is courting Liza, and the girl's mother is not against this union.

Arriving in Vasilyevskoye, Fyodor Ivanovich notes that severe desolation reigns in the house and in the yard, and after the death of Aunt Glafira nothing has changed here.

The servants are perplexed why the master decided to settle in Vasilyevsky, and not in rich Lavriky. However, Fedor is not able to live on the estate, where everything reminds him of his past marital happiness. Within two weeks, Lavretsky put the house in order, acquired "everything he needed and began to live - either as a landowner, or as a hermit."

Some time later, he visits the Kalitins, where he makes friends with old Lemm. Fedor, who "passionately loved music, practical, classical music", shows a sincere interest in the musician and invites him to stay for a little while.

Chapters XXII-XXVIII

On the way to Vasilyevskoye, Fyodor suggests that Lemm compose an opera, to which the old man replies that he is too old for that.

Over morning tea, Lavretsky informs the German that he will still have to write a solemn cantata in honor of the upcoming "marriage of Mr. Panshin with Liza." Lemm does not hide his annoyance, because he is sure that the young official is not worthy of such a wonderful girl as Liza.

Fedor proposes to invite the Kalitins to Vasilyevskoye, to which Lemm agrees, but only without Mr. Panshin.

Lavretsky conveys his invitation, and, taking advantage of the opportunity, remains alone with Lisa. The girl is “afraid to make him angry”, but, having plucked up courage, she asks about the reasons for parting with her wife. Fedor tries to explain to her the whole baseness of Barbara's act, to which Lisa replies that he must certainly forgive her and forget about treason.

Two days later, Marya Dmitrievna and her daughters come to visit Fyodor. The widow considers her visit "a sign of great indulgence, almost a kind deed." On the occasion of the arrival of his favorite student, Lisa, Lemm composes a romance, but the music turns out to be "tangled and unpleasantly tense", which greatly upsets the old man.

By evening, they are going to "fish with the whole society." At the pond, Fyodor is talking with Liza. He feels "the need to talk to Lisa, to tell her everything that came into his soul." This surprises him, because before that he considered himself a finished man.

With the onset of dusk, Marya Dmitrievna is going home. Fedor volunteers to see his guests off. On the way, he continues to talk with Liza, and they part as friends. During the evening reading, Lavretsky notices “in a feuilleton of one of the newspapers” a message about the death of his wife.

Lemme going home. Fyodor goes with him and stops by the Kalitins, where he secretly hands over a magazine with an obituary to Liza. He whispers to the girl that he will pay a visit tomorrow.

Chapters XXIX-XXXII

The next day, Marya Dmitrievna meets Lavretsky with poorly concealed irritation - she does not like him, and Pashin speaks of him not at all flattering.

During a walk along the alley, Lisa is interested in how Fedor reacted to the death of his wife, to which he honestly replies that he was practically not upset. He hints to the girl that acquaintance with her has touched deeply dormant strings in him.

Lisa admits that she received a letter from Pashin with a marriage proposal. She doesn't know what to say because she doesn't love him at all. Lavretsky begs the girl not to rush to answer and not to rob "the best, only happiness on earth" - to love and be loved.

In the evening, Fedor again goes to the Kalitins to find out about Lisa's decision. The girl informs him that she did not give Panshin a definite answer.

Being an adult, mature person, Lavretsky is aware that he is in love with Lisa, but "this conviction did not bring him much joy." He does not dare to hope for the reciprocity of the girl. In addition, he is tormented by the painful expectation of official news of the death of his wife.

Chapters XXXIII-XXXVII

In the evening at the Kalitins', Panshina begins to talk at length about "how he would turn everything in his own way if he had power in his hands." He considers Russia a backward country that should learn from Europe. Lavretsky deftly and confidently smashes all the arguments of his opponent. Fyodor is supported in everything by Liza, since Panshin's theories frighten her.

A declaration of love takes place between Lavretsky and Lisa. Fedor does not believe his luck. He goes to the sounds of unusually beautiful music, and learns that it is Lemm playing his work.

The day after the declaration of love, the happy Lavretsky comes to the Kalitins, but for the first time he is not received. He returns home and sees a woman in a "black silk dress with flounces", whom he recognizes with horror as his wife Varvara.

With tears in her eyes, her husband asks him for forgiveness, promising to "sever all connection with the past." However, Lavretsky does not believe Varvara's feigned tears. Then the woman begins to manipulate Fedor, appealing to his fatherly feelings and showing him his daughter Ada.

In complete confusion, Lavretsky wanders the streets and comes to Lemm. Through the musician, he sends a note to Liza with a message about the unexpected "resurrection" of his wife and asks for a date. The girl replies that she can only meet him the next day.

Fedor returns home and can hardly endure a conversation with his wife, after which he leaves for Vasilyevskoye. Varvara Pavlovna, having learned that Lavretsky visited the Kalitins every day, goes to visit them.

Chapters XXXVIII-XL

On the day Varvara Pavlovna returns, Liza has a painful explanation for her with Panshin. She refuses an enviable groom, which greatly upsets her mother.

Marfa Timofeevna enters Lisa's room and declares that she knows everything about a night walk with a certain young man. Lisa admits that she loves Lavretsky, and no one stands in the way of their happiness, since his wife is dead.

At the reception with the Kalitins, Varvara Pavlovna manages to charm Marya Dmitrievna with stories about Paris and appease her with a bottle of fashionable perfume.

Upon learning of the arrival of Fyodor Petrovich's wife, Liza is sure that this is a punishment for all her "criminal hopes". The sudden change in fate shocks her, but she "she didn't even shed a tear."

Marfa Timofeevna manages to quickly see through the deceitful and vicious nature of Varvara Pavlovna. She takes Lisa to her room and cries for a long time, kissing her hands.

Panshin arrives for supper, and Varvara Pavlovna, who had been bored, instantly perks up. She charms a young man during a joint performance of a romance. And even Liza, "to whom he offered his hand the day before, disappeared as if in a fog."

Varvara Pavlovna does not hesitate to try her charms even on the old man Gedeonovsky, in order to finally win the place of the first beauty in the district town.

Chapters XLI-XLV

Lavretsky finds no place for himself in the countryside, tormented by "constant, impetuous and impotent impulses." He understands that everything is over, and the last timid hope of happiness has slipped away forever. Fedor tries to pull himself together and submit to fate. He harnesses the tarantass and goes to the city.

Learning that Varvara Pavlovna went to the Kalitins, he hurries there. Climbing up the back stairs to Marfa Timofeyevna, he asks her to see Lisa. The unhappy girl begs him to reconcile with his wife for the sake of her daughter. Parting forever, Fedor asks to give him a handkerchief as a keepsake. A footman enters and conveys to Lavretsky Marya Dmitrievna's request to visit her urgently.

Kalitina, with tears in her eyes, begs Fyodor Ivanovich to forgive his wife and bring Varvara Petrovna out from behind the screen. However, Lavretsky is implacable. He sets a condition for his wife - she must live without a break in Lavriky, and he will observe all external propriety. If Varvara Petrovna leaves the estate, this contract can be considered terminated.

Hoping to see Lisa, Fyodor Ivanovich goes to church. The girl does not want to talk about anything with him, and asks to leave her. The Lavretskys go to the estate, and Varvara Pavlovna swears to her husband to live in peace in the wilderness for the sake of a happy future for her daughter.

Fyodor Ivanovich sets off for Moscow, and the very next day after leaving, Panshin appears in Lavriky, “whom Varvara Pavlovna asked not to forget her in solitude.”

Liza, despite the pleas of her relatives, makes a firm decision to go to the monastery. Meanwhile, Varvara Pavlovna, having "stocked up on money", moves to St. Petersburg and completely subjugates Panshin to her will. A year later, Lavretsky learns that "Lisa got her hair cut in the B ... ... M monastery, in one of the most remote regions of Russia."

Epilogue

After eight years, Panshin successfully built a career, but never married. Varvara Pavlovna, having moved to Paris, "has gotten older and fatter, but is still sweet and graceful." The number of her fans has noticeably decreased, and she completely devoted herself to a new hobby - the theater. Fedor Ivanovich became an excellent master, and managed to do a lot for his peasants.

Marfa Timofeevna and Marya Dmitrievna died long ago, but the Kalitins' house was not empty. He even "as if rejuvenated" when carefree, flourishing youth settled in him. The grown-up Lenochka was going to get married, her brother arrived from St. Petersburg with a young wife and her sister.

One day, the aged Lavretsky visits the Kalitins. He wanders for a long time in the garden, and he is filled with "a feeling of living sadness about the disappeared youth, about the happiness that he once possessed."

Lavretsky nevertheless finds a remote monastery in which Lisa hid from everyone. She walks past him without looking up. Only by the movement of her eyelashes and the clenched fingers can one understand that she recognized Fyodor Ivanovich.

Conclusion

In the center of the novel by I. S. Turgenev is the story of the tragic love of Fyodor and Lisa. The impossibility of personal happiness, the collapse of their bright hopes echoes the social collapse of the Russian nobility.

A brief retelling of the "Noble Nest" will be useful for the reader's diary and in preparation for a literature lesson.

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The first mention of the novel "Noble Nest" found in a letter from I. S. Turgenev to the publisher I. I. Panaev in October 1856. Ivan Sergeevich planned to finish the work by the end of the year, but did not realize his plan. All winter the writer was seriously ill, and then destroyed the first sketches and began to invent a new plot. Perhaps the final text of the novel differs significantly from the original. In December 1858, the author made the final corrections to the manuscript. The Nest of Nobles was first published in the January issue of the Sovremennik magazine in 1859.

The novel made a huge impression on Russian society. He immediately became so popular that it was almost considered bad form not to read The Noble Nest. Even Turgenev admitted that the work was a very great success.

The novel is based on the writer's reflections on the fate of the best representatives of the Russian nobility. The author himself belonged to this class and understood perfectly well that "noble nests" with their atmosphere of sublime experiences gradually degenerate. It is no coincidence that Turgenev cites the genealogies of the main characters in the novel. Using their example, the writer shows that in different historical periods there were significant changes in the psychology of the nobility: from "wild nobility" to admiration for everything alien. The great-grandfather of Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky is a cruel tyrant, the grandfather is a careless and hospitable hater of Voltaire, his father is an Anglo fan.

Nest like symbol of the motherland abandoned by its inhabitants. The writer's contemporaries prefer to spend time abroad, speak French, mindlessly adopt foreign traditions. The elderly aunt of Lavretsky, obsessed with the style of Louis XV, looks tragic and caricatured. The fate of Fedor himself is unfortunate, whose childhood was crippled by foreign "education system". The generally accepted practice of entrusting children to nannies, governesses, or even giving them to someone else's family breaks the connection between generations, deprives them of their roots. Those who manage to settle in the old tribal "nest", most often lead a sleepy existence filled with gossip, playing music and cards.

Such a different attitude of the mothers of Lisa and Lavretsky towards children is not accidental. Marya Dmitrievna is indifferent to the upbringing of her daughters. Lisa is closer to the nanny Agafya and the music teacher. It is these people who influence the formation of the girl's personality. And here is the peasant woman Malasha (Fyodor's mother) "quietly fading away" after she is deprived of the opportunity to raise her son.

Compositionally the novel "The Nest of Nobles" is built in a straightforward manner. Its basis is the story of the unhappy love of Fedor and Lisa. The collapse of their hopes, the impossibility of personal happiness echoes the social collapse of the nobility as a whole.

The protagonist novel Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky has many similarities with Turgenev himself. He is honest, sincerely loves his homeland, seeks rational use of his abilities. Brought up by a power-hungry and cruel aunt, and then in a peculiar way "Spartan system" father, he acquired good health and a stern appearance, but a kind and shy character. It is difficult for Lavretsky to communicate. He himself feels the gaps in his upbringing and education, therefore, he seeks to correct them.

The prudent Varvara sees in Lavretsky only a stupid clown, whose wealth is easy to take possession of. The sincerity and purity of the first real feeling of the hero are broken by the betrayal of his wife. As a result, Fedor ceases to trust people, despises women, considers himself unworthy of true love. Having met Lisa Kalitina, he does not immediately decide to believe in the purity and nobility of the girl. But, having recognized her soul, he believed and fell in love for life.

The character of Lisa was formed under the influence of a nurse from the Old Believers. The girl from childhood was kind to religion, “the image of the omnipresent, omniscient God was pressed into her soul with some kind of sweet power”. However, Lisa behaves too independently and openly for her time. In the nineteenth century, girls who aspired to successfully marry were much more accommodating than Turgenev's heroine.

Before meeting with Lavretsky, Liza did not often think about her fate. The official groom Panshin did not cause much rejection from the girl. After all, the main thing, in her opinion, is to honestly fulfill your duty to the family and society. This is the happiness of every person.

The culmination of the novel is Lavretsky's dispute with Panshin about the people and the subsequent scene of Lisa's explanation with Fyodor. In the male conflict, Panshin expresses the opinion of an official with pro-Western views, while Lavretsky speaks from positions close to Slavophilism. It is during this dispute that Lisa realizes how consonant her thoughts and judgments are with Lavretsky's views, she realizes her love for him.

Among the "Turgenev girls" image of Lisa Kalitina- one of the brightest and most poetic. Her decision to become a nun is based not only on religiosity. Lisa cannot live contrary to her moral principles. In the current situation, for a woman of her circle and spiritual development, there was simply no other way out. Liza sacrifices personal happiness and the happiness of a loved one, because she cannot act "not right".

In addition to the main characters, Turgenev created a gallery of vivid images in the novel that reflect the noble environment in all its diversity. Here there is a lover of government money, retired General Korob'in, the old gossip Gedeonovsky, the clever dandy Panshin, and many other heroes of provincial society.

There are also representatives of the people in the novel. Unlike gentlemen, serfs and poor people are depicted by Turgenev with sympathy and sympathy. The ruined destinies of Malasha and Agafya, Lemm's talent that was never revealed due to poverty, many other victims of lordly arbitrariness prove that history "noble nests" far from ideal. And the writer considers serfdom to be the main reason for the ongoing social disintegration, which corrupts some and reduces others to the level of a dumb creature, but cripples everyone.

The state of the characters is very subtly conveyed through pictures of nature, speech intonations, glances, pauses in conversations. By these means, Turgenev achieves amazing elegance in describing emotional experiences, soft and exciting lyricism. “I was shocked ... by the light poetry spilled in every sound of this novel,” Saltykov-Shchedrin spoke of The Noble Nest.

Artistic skill and philosophical depth provided the first major work of Turgenev with an outstanding success for all time.