They teach to express their thoughts with the help of words, at school they teach writing, literacy. But speech and text are not the only ways we can convey information. The very first in our life, natural and simple way of expressing thoughts - with the help of gestures and body language. Throughout our lives, we successfully combine these two modes of communication: verbal and non-verbal communication.

What is verbal communication

- the most familiar way for a person to transmit and receive information using oral or written speech. Such communication occurs between two or more people. To reproduce speech, a person has clear diction, a certain vocabulary and knowledge of the rules of communication.

Vocabulary and syntax play an important role in the process of human communication through verbal communication. The first implies a certain set of words belonging to a particular language. The second dictates the rules for the formation of thought.

Verbal interaction has two important functions:

1. Significative. With the help of words, a person can present any description, have an idea about any information received. Vocabulary helps a person to analyze the information received, build links between the objects about which information is received, and distribute the degree of significance (main, secondary).
2. Communicative. Its task is to convey attitudes towards received or reproduced information. When speaking, this is expressed with the help of pauses, accents, intonation of the voice. In the letter - accuracy of writing, punctuation marks and text direction.

Despite the great degree of importance of verbal communication in human life, it has a number of disadvantages:

• the inability to formulate one's idea clearly and convey it;
• difficulty in understanding someone else's story;
• misunderstanding of the received information;
• polysemy of the same words;
• language difficulties between speakers of different cultures, religions, ages, etc.

Scientists believe that verbal communication occupies a minimal, in terms of importance, place in human interaction skills. The quantitative indicator of utility is only 15% compared to non-verbal skills. Science has allocated 85% of significance to them.

How to explain the concept of "non-verbal communication"

Non-verbal communications are interactions between individuals without the use of words, linguistic means of communication. To convey thoughts, emotions, a person in this case actively uses body language: facial expressions, posture, visual impact. Non-verbal communications can be unconscious, these include the above methods of transmitting information and special ones. The second includes: the language for the hearing impaired, the deaf and dumb and Morse code.

Body language helps a person create a connection between interlocutors, give meaning to words and express emotions hidden in the text. The key to such communication is honesty. A person who does not know the psychology of such communication is not able to control his emotions and body language. All non-verbal signs have their own character: thoughtful, open, insecure, benevolent, militant, doubting and others.

Important! Understanding possible non-verbal signs gives a person an advantage over the interlocutor.

With such knowledge, he can capture the attention of the public and tune in to his point of view. Businessmen and managers in important negotiations, with the help of the body language of the opponent, decide on his honesty and the correctness of the actions performed.

In a conversation, posture, gestures, body language is of paramount importance. Scientists have found that with differences between verbal information and visual information perceived by a person, it is the latter that will remain in the subconscious. With the help of the interlocutor, he can convince himself that he is right or question his words.

Visual elements include:

• manner of holding (movements, actions in a given situation);
• emotional overtones (hand movements, facial expressions);
• body contact (touching, shaking hands, hugging);
• visual contact (change of pupils, intentness, duration);
• movements (gait, location when in one place);
• reactions (response to some events).

Types of verbal and non-verbal communication

Verbal and non-verbal means of communication refer to the ways of conveying information. Each of them, in turn, has a wide division into types.

Verbal communication involves the presentation of information using words, which is divided into oral presentation and written speech. Each of them, in turn, has subspecies. Oral speech includes:

1. Dialogue (exchange of information between one or more people). It includes:
   • conversation - the exchange of information in the process of simply natural communication;
   • interview - a dialogue process in order to obtain certain professional information;
   • dispute - a verbal exchange of information in order to clarify the situation, discuss the conflict;
   • debate - reasoning in front of an audience in order to obtain a unified position on a particular difficult situation;
   • controversy - a dispute using different scientific opinions.
2. A monologue is a continuous speech by one person. It includes:
   • report - pre-prepared information based on journalistic, scientific materials;
   • lecture - comprehensive coverage of a particular problem by a specialist;
   • speech - a short presentation of pre-prepared information on a specific topic
   • message - a small analytical summary containing information supported by facts.

Written verbal speech is divided into:

• Instant (transmission of textual information immediately after writing, followed by a quick response).
• Delayed (response information is received after a significant period of time or does not come at all).

Its useful to note! In a special category of verbal communication, one can single out a tactile form of communication. Such communication is typical for people with a lack of hearing or vision. At the time of transmission of information, they use the "manual alphabet".

Both verbal and non-verbal communication are studied, which allows using the specific categories to correctly assess communication. As a result of many years of research, there are generally accepted ways of interpreting certain forms of information transfer.

Non-verbal communication also has a number of its own types of communication. These include:

• kinesics - a set of body movements (gestures, postures, facial expressions, views);
• tactile actions - ways of touching the interlocutor;
• sensorics - the perception of the interlocutor from the point of view of the senses (smells, tastes, color combinations, thermal sensations);
• proxemics - communication taking into account the comfort zone (intimate, personal, social or public);
• chronemics - the use of time categories in communication;
• paraverbal communication - the transmission of certain rhythms during communication (rhythm of voice, intonation).

Features of verbal communication

The verbal way of communication is characteristic exclusively for human culture. Only humans can express their thoughts through words. This is precisely the main distinguishing feature of such a relationship. In addition to it, we can distinguish:

1. variety of styles (business, colloquial, scientific, artistic and others);
2. exclusivity (words can describe any sign system);
3. the ability to tell about a person (culture, level of knowledge, upbringing, character);
4. fixing expressions, phrases for certain cultures, social groups (fascism, communism, nihilism, democracy);
5. the need for implementation in life (lack of verbal communication skills can become an insurmountable obstacle in personal and professional growth).

Features of non-verbal communication

The main feature of non-verbal communication is the difficulty of controlling one's own body movements, hands, facial expressions and other important elements of such communication. Other features of non-verbal communication include:

• duality of signals (there are signs of the body, mimic movements that are accepted all over the world, others will differ, depending on the culture of the population);
• truthfulness (it is impossible to completely hide all the signals that reflect real emotions);
• creating a strong relationship between interlocutors (the overall picture helps people to get a complete picture of a person, to form their attitude towards him);
• strengthening the meaning of words in verbal communication;
• the ability to explain the formed thought before the appearance of suitable verbal descriptions.

How verbal and non-verbal communication helps in everyday life

Verbal and non-verbal interaction are integral parts of each other. Only the combination of these forms of communication gives us a complete picture of the information received. To interact effectively with others, you need to have skills in both of these areas.

Verbal and non-verbal communication give a brief impression of a person a few minutes after the start of communication. The level of proficiency in oral and written speech will tell about the culture and level of intelligence of the individual. Gestures and facial expressions will let you know about the emotional state and attitude to the situation.

Not good enough for public speaking. The speaker must have the skills to influence the public. There are certain speech construction techniques that allow you to interest the audience. But words alone are not enough. The speaker must be able to behave in public, make certain gestures, perform movements that attract attention, lure with intonations of the voice.

Verbal and non-verbal means of business communication are integral knowledge of the top management of any company. In many countries, not only directors of companies, but also ordinary managers need to know how a person behaves at the moment of ordinary communication, at an interview and when making important decisions.

With the help of gestures in the course of a conversation, a person may try to explain things that are difficult to reproduce in words. The interlocutor most often perfectly understands what they wanted to convey. Trying to talk with foreigners, not having enough vocabulary, people actively gesticulate when communicating. In mathematical classes, explaining some function, the lecturer can accompany the words with a drawing in the air, for him this is a way to visualize words, for the audience - a little help in understanding.

Finally

A person daily resorts to various forms and methods of communication. This is our natural need. Verbal and non-verbal means of communication briefly provide an opportunity to form a definite opinion about the interlocutor, speaker or opponent from the very first minutes of communication. It is impossible to single out any one, the most important way of transmitting information. Both forms of communication are informative and fully complement each other.

How often have you thought about the fact that the words "communication" and "society" are very similar. It is impossible to imagine human existence in society without communication. Communication is both a way of interaction between people and a means of exchanging information and activities. It is communication that is the basis of interpersonal relationships and the key to successful communication. In this article we will consider such concepts as verbal and non-verbal communication.

Humans have an undeniable advantage over other life forms: they can communicate

Verbal communication is the transfer of information through words. This concept includes oral and written speech. It is verbal communication that has the greatest rationality and awareness. When a person is engaged in mental activity, various words pop up in his subconscious. This means that human speech is an integral part of thinking. The concept of verbal communication consists of four processes: writing, reading, listening and speaking.

In psychology, there are three functions that verbal communication carries: will, expressive and informational. The last of these features gives people the ability to share information. It should be mentioned here that incorrectly presented information can give rise to misunderstandings and become a source of conflict. Because of this, it is very important to be able to correctly and competently convey your thoughts to others. If something is clear to you, then it is not necessary that the interlocutor will also understand it. Some words have different meanings, and their misinterpretation can create problems in contact between people. The stronger the bond between the people in the dialogue, the lower the chance that they will encounter a similar problem.

There is even a folk saying about people who have no difficulty in communicating with each other. They say about such people that they "found a common language." The will function is often referred to as the reality function. It contains the possibility of influencing one person on another with the help of words. A correctly composed phrase can completely change human destiny. It is this component of communications that is responsible for persuasion and suggestion.

Let's look at examples of verbal communication in a situation where parents choose certain words to influence the child's behavior. Volitional verbal communication is also manifested in the communication of managers with staff, when well-chosen words can affect the efficiency of the work process. In each of the cases described, there is only one goal - to change the behavior of people with the help of words.

Communication is considered one of the main forms of human social activity.

The expressive function of verbal communication is often called the function of emotional interaction. Each of the languages ​​​​on our planet has expressiveness, and is able to embellish words with vivid emotions. In the literature, various hyperbole, comparisons and epithets are used to convey emotions. If for a moment imagine a situation in which people would give up their emotions, then their behavior would become similar to the action of robots. The speech itself, which has lost its emotional color, resembles technical documentation. It is the emotions in the added words that increase the chance to correctly convey your thoughts to the interlocutor.

There are certain types of verbal communication. They include:

1. Communication- this term should be understood as the exchange of information between several people.
2. cognitive communication- acquisition of new knowledge.
3. Emotional- includes the expression of one's own emotions through intonation.
4. accumulative– accumulation and storage of information that can be used in the future.
5. Ethnic- a way to unite people using one language for communication.
6. Constructive- the correct and clear expression of one's own thoughts.
7. Contact setting- a way of creating a relationship between several people.

How verbal communication is used

Having dealt with what verbal communication is, let's move on to consider how verbal communications are used. It is the verbal means of communication that make it possible to competently and clearly state their feelings, emotions and thoughts.

There are also colloquial expressions that may be obscure to the interlocutor. The expression of your thoughts should be consistent and logical. To do this, you need to constantly improve yourself and expand your vocabulary. For this purpose, you can attend public speaking courses, as well as devote as much time as possible to reading.

A well-delivered speech can not only convince the interlocutor to accept your point of view, but also attract interest in your person. You should also pay attention to developing the ability to hear other people. Professional etiquette is an integral part of business communication, which some people devote many years to learning.

Speech is considered a verbal means of communication.

Non-verbal means of communication

Non-verbal communication is done through body language. This concept includes the distance between people, touch and posture. Much attention is paid to facial expressions and gestures. It is important to pay attention to the fact that this form of communication is less conscious. Most people are unable to take full control of their own body. That is why the movements of the eyes and lips can make it clear to the interlocutor about the veracity of the speaker's words.

Gesticulation serves as the main complement to the verbal transmission of information. This means that in certain cases, gestures can completely replace words. Movements of the arms, shoulders, body and head are a manifestation of gesticulation. In human psychology, gestures are classified into the following categories:

1. Communicative- gestures with which a person greets or says goodbye to another person, attracts attention, asks a question or denies something. There are more than a few dozen varieties of communicative gestures.
2. Modal- estimating and expressing attitude gestures. This category includes approving gestures, gestures that demonstrate trust or distrust in the words of the interlocutor.
3. descriptive- such gestures make sense only in conjunction with speech.
4. facial expressions- the movement of the facial muscles, reflecting the emotions of a person. It should be noted that for representatives of different cultures, mimic gestures are universal. People show emotions such as anger, joy and sadness in the same way all over the world. According to scientists, it is almost impossible to completely control your gaze and facial expressions.

There is a special classification for the look. During business communication, people concentrate their gaze on the forehead of the interlocutor. This action in a way emphasizes the seriousness of the reigning atmosphere. Social look - directed to the nose. It is this look that allows you to create an atmosphere of ease during communication. An intimate look is directed to the neck of the interlocutor. Such a look can demonstrate the presence of an interest in closer communication.

Features of verbal communication are such that some views can be regarded in two ways. A sidelong glance can mean both interest in the words of the interlocutor, and express hostility. That is why it is very important to be able to decipher additional emotions. A smile and raised eyebrows can be an expression of interest in a conversation. The lowered corners of the lips and the furrowed forehead clearly demonstrate a critical attitude towards the interlocutor.

Conversation is a way of exchanging information between people and building relationships.

Non-verbal means of communication include pantomime. The position of the body of the interlocutor in space can clearly demonstrate the relationship of a person to the situation that has arisen. There are two distinct types of postures: closed and open. The first posture implies crossed arms or legs, which clearly indicates an attempt to protect oneself from communication. An open posture, on the contrary, indicates a readiness to continue the conversation.

A person's style of movement can say as much about a person as his speech. The amplitude, rhythm and dynamics of the step is a reflection of the human soul. A self-confident person walks lightly, and each step pushes the body off the ground, as if springs are attached to the legs. For a person who knows how to understand body language, a person’s gait can tell about the character, age and mood of its owner.

Posture, like gait, is regulated by reflexes. It is with the help of posture that one can understand the mood of the interlocutor, as it clearly demonstrates his sense of the world. To some extent, incorrect posture can cause a repulsive effect. In order to achieve effective and fruitful communication, one must learn to adopt the correct position of the back and neck. You should also pay attention to the general motor skills of the body. Increased fussiness, nervous and crumpled movements not only irritate the people around you, but also clearly demonstrate your insecurity in yourself and your words. That is why you should keep your body under strict control during important conversations.

Touching can be regarded as an attempt to invade the interlocutor's personal space. The appropriateness of touch depends on how our speech sounds. Business etiquette includes only shaking hands. Other forms of touch in such a situation are unacceptable. Psychologists say that there are three forms of handshake:

1. dominant- your hand lies on top, but okay directed down.
2. submissive- your hand lies down.
3. Equitable- the palm is directed with an edge to the ground.

The distance between people clearly demonstrates the degree of their trust between them. There are a certain number of zones, each of which has its own characteristics. The intimate intersubjective zone is about half a meter and only close people communicate in this zone. The personal zone does not exceed one and a half meters. In this zone, an informal conversation takes place. The social zone varies from one and a half to three and a half meters. In this zone, formal relations between employees of a particular enterprise are carried out. There is also a public intersubjective zone, where the distance between interlocutors is more than three and a half meters.

In human society, communication can be carried out both verbally and non-verbally.

Functions of non-verbal communication

Verbal means of communication include various ways to convey information verbally or in writing. Non-verbal means of communication allow you to supplement oral speech and give it more emotional colors. In some situations, non-verbal means completely replace verbal contact. An example is silent films, where the actors conveyed the essence of what was happening with the help of body language. This art is called "pantomime".

Also, non-verbal means of communication have the same set of functions as verbal ones. Each gesture and movement of the body allows you to convey information, express emotions and influence the interlocutor. Mastering this technique of communication is quite difficult. By focusing on the correct presentation of words and thoughts, most people completely forget about controlling their gestures. In some situations, the words may not match the body language completely. When a person talks about confidence, but his posture demonstrates the opposite, the interlocutor tends to believe exactly the body language.

That is why you should pay great attention to gestures in a conversation with other people. You should not try to hide your hands, since such a pose can be regarded as an attempt to close yourself from the interlocutor. Open palms facing the interlocutor are a sign of trust. When conducting business negotiations, one should try to stay as collected as possible and try to avoid relaxed or closed postures. In order to create comfortable conditions for a conversation, you should calculate in advance the correct distance for a conversation.

In order to master both communication techniques, one should develop such qualities as goodwill and confidence. . Constant self-development allows you to reach a level where body language and speech complement each other.

Humans have an undeniable advantage over other life forms: they can communicate. Education, training, work, relationships with friends and family - all this is done through communication. Someone can enjoy communication, someone can not, but we cannot deny the existence of such a positive communication process in every sense. Communication is considered one of the main forms of human social activity. In the process of communication, what one person knew and was able to do before becomes the property of many people. Communication in the scientific sense is the interaction of people (the impact of people on each other and their responses to this impact) and the exchange of information during this interaction.

There are two groups of ways in which interaction between people can be carried out: verbal and non-verbal means of communication. It is believed that verbal communication provides less information about the goals, the veracity of information and other aspects of communication, while non-verbal manifestations can be used to establish many points that are not customary to advertise in a conversation. But different means of communication are applicable and meaningful depending on the situation. So, in the business world, it is mainly verbal communication that is important, since it is unlikely that the manager will follow his gestures or emotionally react to the next assignment to the employee. In communication with friends, new acquaintances or relatives, non-verbal manifestations are more important, because they give an idea of ​​the feelings and emotions of the interlocutors.

verbal communication.

Verbal communication is carried out with the help of words. Speech is considered a verbal means of communication. We can communicate through written or spoken language. Speech activity is divided into several types: speaking - listening and writing - reading. Both written and oral speech are expressed through language - a special system of signs.

To learn how to communicate effectively and use verbal means of communication, you need not only to improve your speech, know the rules of the Russian language or learn foreign languages, although this is certainly very important. In this regard, one of the main points is the ability to talk also in a psychological sense. Too often people have various psychological barriers or fear to establish contacts with other people. For successful interaction with society, they need to be identified and overcome in time.

Language and its functions.

Language acts as a tool for expressing people's thoughts and feelings. It is necessary for many aspects of human life in society, which is expressed in the following functions:

• Communicative(interaction between people). Language is the main form of full-fledged communication of a person with his own kind.
• accumulative. With the help of language, we can store and accumulate knowledge. If we consider a certain person, then these are his notebooks, notes, creative works. In the global context, these are fiction and written monuments.
• Cognitive. With the help of language, a person can acquire knowledge contained in books, films, or the minds of other people.
• constructive. With the help of language, it is easy to form thoughts, to clothe them in a material, clear and concrete form (either in the form of an oral verbal expression or in the form of a written one).
• ethnic. Language allows you to unite peoples, communities and other groups of people.
• emotional. With the help of language, one can express emotions and feelings, and here it is their direct expression with the help of words that is considered. But basically this function, of course, is performed by non-verbal means of communication.

Non-verbal communication.

Non-verbal means of communication are necessary for people to be clear in understanding each other. Naturally, non-verbal manifestations concern only oral communication. Since the external non-verbal expression of emotions and feelings performed by the body is also a certain set of symbols and signs, it is often called "body language".

"Body language" and its functions.

Non-verbal expressions are very important in human interaction. Their main functions are as follows:

• Completion of the spoken message. If a person reports victory in some business, he may additionally throw his hands over his head in victory or even jump for joy.
• Repetition of what has been said. This enhances the oral message and its emotional component. So, when answering “Yes, this is so” or “No, I don’t agree”, you can repeat the meaning of the message also in a gesture: with a nod of the head or, conversely, by shaking from side to side as a sign of denial.
• An expression of the contradiction between word and deed. A person can say one thing, but feel completely different at the same time, for example, joking out loud and feeling sad in the shower. It is non-verbal means of communication that make it possible to understand this.
• Focus on something. Instead of the words "attention", "note", etc. you can show a gesture that attracts attention. So, a gesture with an extended index finger on a raised hand shows the importance of the text spoken at the same time.
• Word replacement. Sometimes some gestures or expressions of facial expressions can completely replace a certain text. When a person shrugged his shoulders or indicated a direction with his hand, it is no longer necessary to say “I don’t know” or “left-right”.

Variety of non-verbal means of communication.

In non-verbal communication, some elements can be distinguished:

• Gestures and posture. People evaluate each other even before they speak. So, with just a pose or gait, you can create the impression of a self-confident or, conversely, a fussy person. Gestures allow you to emphasize the meaning of what was said, place accents, express emotions, but you need to remember that, for example, in business communication there should not be too many of them. It is also important that different peoples can have the same gestures that mean very different things.
• facial expressions, look and facial expression. A person's face is the main transmitter of information about a person's mood, emotions and feelings. The eyes are generally called the mirror of the soul. It is not for nothing that many activities to develop understanding of emotions in children begin with recognizing basic feelings (anger, fear, joy, surprise, sadness, etc.) from faces in photographs.
• Distance between interlocutors and touch. The distance at which it is comfortable for a person to communicate with others, and the possibility of touching, people determine for themselves, depending on the degree of proximity of one or another interlocutor.
• Intonation and voice characteristics. This element of communication seems to combine verbal and non-verbal means of communication. With the help of different intonation, volume, timbre, tone and rhythm of the voice, the same phrase can be pronounced so differently that the meaning of the message will change directly to the opposite.

It is important to balance verbal and non-verbal forms of communication in your speech. This will allow you to convey your information to the interlocutor as fully as possible and understand his messages. If a person speaks unemotionally and monotonously, his speech quickly tires. Conversely, when a person actively gesticulates, often inserts interjections and only occasionally says words, this can overload the perception of the interlocutor, which will push him away from such an expressive communication partner.

Human life in society is impossible without communication, it is not for nothing that these two words are so similar. Communication is both the exchange of information, and the way of interaction, and a separate type of activity. Communication is at the core of interpersonal relationships. Verbal and non-verbal means of communication briefly contain the whole essence of successful communication.

Verbal communication

Characteristic

Verbal communication is communication through words. This includes written and spoken language. This type of communication is the most rational and conscious. A person “thinks in words”, which means that speech is closely connected with thinking. Verbal communication includes four processes: speaking, listening, reading and writing.

Functions

Psychologists distinguish three main functions of verbal communication: informational, expressive, and the function of will expression.

Information function enables the exchange of information. Misunderstanding and misinterpretation of information generates conflicts. Therefore, the ability to correctly and clearly formulate your thoughts is so important. What a person says may be clear to him, but not clear to his interlocutor. Often, people who speak the same language put completely different meanings into the same words, and this creates problems in communication. The closer people are in a relationship, the less often they encounter this problem. It is not for nothing that people who easily understand each other are said to have “found a common language”.

Expressive (emotional) function associated with the possibility of emotional interaction. The language is rich in expressive and emotionally colored words. Suffice it to recall a literature lesson at school: epithets, comparisons, hyperbole - all this contributes to the transfer of emotions through words. Without emotions, people would turn into robots, and speech would be like a technical manual. The more accurately a person can express his emotions with words, the more likely he is to be understood correctly.

The function of the will (effectiveness) associated with the ability of one person to influence the behavior of another. A well-spoken phrase can change a person's life. Communication is about persuasion and persuasion. Parents are looking for the right words to persuade the child to behave well. Managers communicate with subordinates, trying to organize their work as efficiently as possible. In both cases, the goal is the same - to influence the behavior of another person.

Another generally accepted system for classifying the functions of verbal communication:

• communicative (provides a full exchange of information between people);
• constructive (competent expression of thoughts);
• cognitive (acquisition of new knowledge, training of brain activity);
• contact-establishing (establishing connections between people);
• emotional (expression of feelings and emotions with the help of intonation);
• accumulative (accumulation and storage of knowledge for the acquisition of experience and use in the future);
• ethnic (unity of people speaking the same language).

Usage

The richer the speech, the more convincing and interesting it is. In addition, it is necessary to develop the ability to listen and hear the interlocutor. In business communication, it is important to observe professional etiquette.

Non-verbal communication

Characteristic

Non-verbal communication includes gestures, facial expressions, postures, touch, distance. Non-verbal communication is less conscious: often people are completely unaware of and have no control over their body language. And at the same time, it is through “non-verbalism” that the true attitude of the speaker is felt.

Gestures represent movements of the body or its individual parts and can complement verbal speech, and in some situations completely replace words. Gestures include nodding the head, shrugging the shoulders, and generally any body movement that has a generally accepted meaning. Gestures can be classified into the following categories:

• Communicative (gestures of greeting, farewell, attracting attention, prohibitive, affirmative, negative, interrogative, and so on);
• Modal - expressing assessment and attitude (gestures of approval, satisfaction, trust and distrust, and the like);
• Descriptive - having meaning only in the context of speech utterance.

facial expressions- movements of the muscles of the face - reflects the emotions of a person. Facial expressions are universal for representatives of different cultures: people from the farthest corners of the planet are happy, sad and angry with exactly the same facial expression. Facial expressions and gaze are the most difficult to control.

According to its specificity, a look can be:

• Business - is fixed in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe forehead of the interlocutor, so it is easier to emphasize the seriousness of the atmosphere of business partnership;
• Social - concentrated in a triangle between the eyes and mouth, thus creating an atmosphere of easy secular communication;
• Intimate - not directed at the eyes of the interlocutor, but below the face - to chest level. Such a view indicates a great interest in communication;
• A sidelong glance is used to convey interest or hostility. To express interest, it is combined with slightly raised eyebrows or a smile. A frowning forehead or lowered corners of the mouth testify to a critical or suspicious attitude towards the interlocutor.

Pantomime- a complex component of non-verbal communication, which includes factors such as:

• Posture - the position of the body in space - reflects the attitude of a person to other participants in communication and to the situation as a whole. The posture can be open or closed. The closed posture is characterized by crossed arms or legs and indicates that the person does not want to communicate and is uncomfortable. With an open posture, a person demonstrates a willingness to communicate.
• Gait is a style of human movement, which includes the rhythm, amplitude and dynamics of the step. To create an attractive appearance, the gait of a confident person is most preferable - light, slightly springy. According to the gait of a person, one can draw conclusions not only about his character, but also about his mood and age.
• Posture - the position of the human body, which is regulated unconsciously, at the level of reflexes, usually posture allows you to understand the mood of a person, since it directly depends on his fatigue and condition. Incorrect posture acts repulsively on a subconscious level, which means that for effective communication it is very important to learn how to keep your back and head straight and use it in everyday life.
• Gross motor skills of the body are a very important factor in non-verbal communication. Excessive fussiness and nervousness of movements can irritate the interlocutor, you need to control the uniformity of body movements and not make unnecessary turns in different directions.

touch It's kind of an invasion of someone else's personal space. Touching is acceptable between close friends, family members, and in informal settings. In business communication, a handshake may be an acceptable touch. Handshakes are divided into 3 types: dominant (hand on top, palm turned down), submissive (hand below, palm turned up) and equal.

Distance between interlocutors shows the degree of their closeness. There are four intersubjective zones: intimate (up to 0.5 meters), personal (0.5 - 1.2 meters), social (1.2 - 3.5 meters) and public (more than 3.5 meters). Very close people communicate in the intimate zone, informal communication takes place in the personal zone, formal working relationships take place in the social zone, and performances in front of a large audience take place in the public zone.

In non-verbal communication, voice characteristics are distinguished separately - prosodic (pitch, volume of the voice, its timbre) and extralinguistic (inclusion of pauses and various non-morphological human phenomena in speech: crying, coughing, laughter, sigh).

Functions

Non-verbal communication complements, enriches, and sometimes completely replaces verbal communication. The very first films in the history of cinema did not have speech accompaniment (the so-called “silent cinema”) and everything that happened on the screen was transmitted through the movements and facial expressions of the actors. Pantomime is built on non-verbal means of communication - a separate type of stage art in which actors play their roles using "body language".

At the same time, non-verbal communication performs the same functions as verbal communication: it carries certain information, expresses emotions and is a means of influencing the interlocutor.

Usage

Mastering non-verbal means of communication is more difficult. Most often, people focus only on the verbal side of communication, ignoring their gestures, posture, facial expressions, pantomime. A person may talk about a good attitude, but his body language will be aggressive. A person may call himself confident, but his posture and facial expressions will betray his fears and doubts.

When talking with people, you should pay attention to gestures and postures. It is good if during the conversation the hands are not hidden behind the back or in the pockets, but harmoniously complement the conversation with moderate gestures. Open palms are perceived as a sign of trust. In business communication, closed, too tense or too relaxed postures should be avoided. To maintain comfort in a conversation, it is important to maintain the correct distance. In business communication, the most appropriate distance between interlocutors is from 1.2 to 3.5 meters.

Understanding someone else's facial expressions helps to understand the emotions of another person. People are not always ready to talk about their emotions, but their facial expressions will display these emotions. It is much more difficult to control your own facial expressions than to notice someone else's. Therefore, the easiest way to master the verbal and non-verbal means of business communication is to develop inner confidence and goodwill. Then both speech and “body language” will harmoniously complement each other.

Communication- this is the interaction of two or more people, which is the exchange of information of a cognitive or emotional-evaluative nature. This exchange is provided by non-verbal and verbal means of communication.

It seems that it could be easier to communicate through speech? But in fact, this process is not easy and ambiguous.

Verbal communicationis the process of exchanging information between people (or groups of people) using speech means. Simply put, verbal communication iscommunication through words, speech.

Of course, in addition to the transmission of specific “dry” information, during verbal communication, peopleinteractwith each other emotionally andaffecteach other, conveying their feelings and emotions in words.

In addition to verbal, there are alsonon-verbalcommunication (transmission of information without words, through facial expressions, gestures, pantomime). But this distinction is conditional. In practice, verbal and non-verbal communication are directly related to each other.

Body language always complements, “illustrates” speech. Pronouncing a certain set of words and trying to convey some idea to the interlocutor through them, a person speaks with a certain intonation, facial expression, gesticulating, changing posture, and so on, that is, helping himself in every possible way and supplementing speech with non-verbal means of communication.

Despite the fact thatspeech- it is a universal, rich and expressive means of information exchange, very little information is transmitted through it -less than 35%! Of these, only 7% falls directly on the words, the rest is intonation, tone and other sound means. More65% information is transmitted using non-verbal means of communication!

The priority of non-verbal means of communication is explained by psychologists by the fact that the non-verbal communication channel is simpler, evolutionarily more ancient, spontaneous and difficult to control (after all, non-verbalunconscious). And speech is the result of workconsciousness. Man awarethe meaning of your words as you speak them. Before you say something, you can always (and should) think, but controlling your facial expression or a spontaneous gesture is an order of magnitude harder.

The Importance of Verbal Communication

At personal, emotional-sensory communication is dominated (they are more priority and important) non-verbal means of communication. ATbusinessinteraction, the ability to correctly, clearly, clearly convey one’s ideas verbally is more important, that is, the ability to competently build one’s monologue, conduct a dialogue, understand and correctly interpret in the first placespeechanother person.

The ability to competently express yourself, your personality through speech is very important in a business environment. Self-presentation, interviews, long-term cooperation, resolving disagreements and conflicts, finding compromises and other business interaction requires the ability to communicate effectivelythrough words.

If personal relationships are impossible without emotions and feelings, then business communication is for the most partemotionless.If emotions are present in it, then they are either hidden or expressed in the most restrained, ethical form. The literacy of speech and the culture of verbal communication are valued mainly.

But in matters of the heart, the ability totalk and negotiate! Long-term love, friendships and, of course, a strong family are built on the ability to speak, listen and hear each other.

Verbal means of communication

Oralspeech is the main and very important means of verbal communication, but not the only one. Speech is also distinguished as separate verbal means of communication.written and internalspeech (dialogue with oneself).

If you don’t need to learn non-verbal skills (these are innate skills), then verbal means of communication involve the development of certainskills, namely:

• perceive speech,
• listen and hear what the interlocutor says,
• speak competently (monologue) and conduct a conversation (dialogue),
• write well,
• conduct an internal dialogue.

especiallysuch communication skills are valued as:

• the ability to speak concisely, clearly formulating an idea,
• the ability to speak briefly, to the point,
• the ability not to deviate from the topic, to avoid a large number of “lyrical digressions”,
• the ability to inspire, motivate, convince, motivate speech,
• the ability to interest in speech, to be an interesting interlocutor,
• honesty, the habit of telling the truth and not uttering unverified information (which may turn out to be a lie),
• attentiveness during communication, the ability to accurately retell what was heard,
• the ability to objectively accept and correctly understand what is said by the interlocutor,
• the ability to “translate” the words of the interlocutor, determining for themselves their very essence,
• the ability to take into account the level of intelligence and other individual psychological characteristics of the interlocutor (for example, not to use terms whose meanings the interlocutor probably does not know),
• mood for a positive assessment of the speech of the interlocutor and his personality, the ability to find good intentions of a person even in negative words.

There are many other communication skills that are important for anyone who wants to be successful in their profession and happy in their personal lives.

Barriers to Verbal Communication

What a wonderful interlocutor it would not be possible to become, it must be borne in mind that human speechimperfect.

Verbal communication is the mutual exchange of information in whichalwaysthere are several barriers. The meaning of words is lost, changed, misinterpreted, deliberately changed, and so on. This is because the information coming from the mouth of one person, coming to the second, overcomes several barriers.

Psychologist Predrag Micic in the book "How to have business conversations"described a scheme of gradual impoverishment of information during verbal communication.

The complete information (all 100%) that needs to be conveyed to the interlocutor is contained only in the mind of the speaker. Inner speech is more varied, richer and deeper than outer speech, therefore, already during its transformation into external speech, 10% of information is lost.

This is the first barrier to verbal communication, which Mitsich called"The Limit of the Imagination".A person cannot express everything he wants through words because of their limitations (compared to thoughts).

The second barrier is"Barrier of Desire"Even a thought that is ideally formulated to oneself is not always possible to express out loud the way one wants for various reasons, at least due to the fact that one has to adapt to one’s interlocutor and take into account the situation of communication with him. At this stage, another 10% of information is lost.

The fourth barrier is purely psychological -"Relationship Barrier". What and how one person hears, listening to another, depends on his attitude towards him. As a rule, out of 70% of the information heard, the interlocutor understands only 60% precisely for the reason that the need to logically comprehend what is heard is mixed with a personal attitude towards the speaker.

And finally, the last barrier -“memory capacity”. This is not so much a barrier to direct verbal communication as human memory. In memory, on average, only about25-10% information received from another person.

This is how out of 100% of the information that was originally in the mind of one person, only 10% is transmitted to another.

That is why it is so important to convey your thought as accurately and fully as possible, to convey it clearly and unambiguously, to express it in words understandable to the interlocutor, to try to make him hear, understand and remember what was said.