AFTER,union

Syntactic constructions beginning with the union "after" are distinguished by punctuation marks. In this case, the first punctuation mark can be placed either before a compound union, or between its parts (before the word "how"). For factors affecting punctuation, see Appendix 3.

After Meresyev, having dealt with the Focke-Wulf, brought his plane out of a crazy vertical dive, he, breathing heavily and greedily, enjoyed the peace that had come, feeling the joy of the past danger, the joy of victory. B. Polevoy, The Tale of a Real Man. With difficulty Agafya remembered his name - Savely Vedernikov, and then only after I imagined his hut, which stood on the Angara side of the street, near the stream under two huge dark firs ... V. Rasputin, Izba. AND after Himmler carried out an operation to destroy Rem, after his teacher Strasser and four thousand other veterans of the party were shot, the hack writers immediately invented the myth that it was Himmler who stood next to the Fuhrer from the very beginning of the movement. Y. Semenov, Seventeen Moments of Spring.

Recently, a certain cheat sheet on the Russian language has spread on LJ. I took it from here: http://natalyushko.livejournal.com/533497.html

However, there were errors and inaccuracies.
I corrected what I noticed, plus added information from my notebook and other sources.

Enjoy. =)

If you notice errors or have additions, please write about it.

Editor's note. Part 1

Commas, punctuation

“In addition” - ALWAYS stands out with commas (both at the beginning and in the middle of a sentence).

“Most likely” in the meaning of “very likely, most likely” - stands out with commas (Of course, all because of the cognac and the steam room, otherwise he would most likely have kept silent.).
In the meaning of "fastest" - NO (This way, most likely, one could come to the house.).

"Quicker". If in the meaning of “better, more willing”, then WITHOUT commas. For example: "She would rather die than betray him." Also WITHOUT commas, if in the meaning of "it's better to say." For example: "pronouncing some remark or rather an exclamation."
BUT! A comma is needed if this is an introductory word expressing the author's assessment of the degree of reliability of this statement in relation to the previous one (in the meaning of "most likely" or "most likely"). For example: "He cannot be called a smart person - rather, he is in his own mind."

“Of course”, “of course” - the word of course is NOT highlighted with commas at the beginning of the response, uttered in a tone of confidence, conviction: Of course it is!
In other cases, a comma is NEEDED.

The expressions “in general”, “in general” are SEPARATED in the meaning of “in short, in a word”, then they are introductory.

“First of all” are isolated as introductory in the meaning of “first of all” (First of all, he is a rather capable person).
These words are NOT highlighted in the meaning of “first, first” (First of all, you need to contact a specialist).
A comma after "a", "but", etc. is NOT needed: "But first of all, I want to say."
When clarifying, the entire turnover is highlighted: “There is hope that these proposals, primarily from the Ministry of Finance, will not be accepted or will be changed.”

"at least", "at least" - are isolated only when inverted: "This issue was discussed twice, at least."

“in turn” - does not stand out with a comma in the meaning of “for its part”, “in response, when the turn has come”. And as introductory are isolated.

“literally” - not introductory, commas are not separated

"Consequently". If in the meaning “therefore, thus, it means”, then commas are needed. For example: "So you, therefore, are our neighbors."
BUT! If in the meaning "therefore, because of this, based on the fact that", then the comma is needed only on the left. For example: “I found a job, so we will have more money”; “You are angry, therefore you are wrong”; "You can't bake a cake, so I'll bake it."

"Least". If in the value of "the smallest", then without commas. For example: “At least I will wash the dishes”; "He made at least a dozen mistakes."
BUT! If in the meaning of comparison with something, emotional evaluation, then with a comma. For example: “At a minimum, this approach involves control”, “For this you need, at a minimum, to understand politics.”

“that is, if”, “especially if” - a comma is usually not needed

"That is" is not an introductory word and is not separated by commas on both sides. This is a union, a comma is placed before it (and if in some contexts a comma is placed after it, then for other reasons: for example, to highlight some separate construction or subordinate clause that comes after it).
For example: “It’s still five kilometers to the station, that is, an hour’s walk” (well, a comma is needed), “It’s still five kilometers to the station, that is, if you go slowly, an hour’s walk (a comma after “that is” is placed to highlight the subordinate clause "If you go slowly").

"In any case" are separated by commas as introductory if they are used in the meaning of "at least".

“Besides”, “besides this”, “besides everything (other)”, “besides everything (other)” are separated as introductory.
BUT! "Besides" is a conjunction, a comma is NOT needed. For example: "In addition to the fact that he does nothing, he also makes claims against me."

“Because of this,” “because of that,” “because of that,” and “along with that,” a comma is usually not required. Separation is optional. The presence of a comma is not an error.

"Moreover" - WITHOUT a comma.
“Especially when”, “especially since”, “especially if”, etc. - a comma is needed before "especially". For example: “Such arguments are hardly needed, especially since this is a false statement”, “especially if it means”, “relax, especially since you have a lot of work ahead of you”, “you shouldn’t sit at home, especially if your partner invites to dance."

"Moreover" - is distinguished by a comma only in the middle of the sentence (on the left).

"Nevertheless" - a comma is placed in the middle of the sentence (on the left). For example: "He decided everything, nevertheless I will try to convince him."
BUT! If “but nevertheless”, “if nevertheless”, etc., then commas are NOT needed.

If "however" means "but", then the comma on the right side is NOT put. (An exception is if it is an interjection. For example: “However, what a wind!”)

“In the end” - if in the meaning “in the end”, then the comma is NOT put.

“Really” is NOT separated by commas in the meaning of “really” (that is, if this is a circumstance expressed by an adverb), if it is synonymous with the adjective “valid” - “real, genuine”. For example: “Her bark itself is thin, not like that of oak or pine, which are really not afraid of hot sun rays”; "You are really very tired."

"Really" can act as an introductory and SEPARATE. The introductory word is distinguished by intonational isolation - it expresses the speaker's confidence in the truth of the reported fact. In controversial cases, the issue of punctuation is decided by the author of the text.

“Due to the fact that” - a comma is NOT needed if it is a union, that is, if it can be replaced with “because”. For example: “As a child, he underwent a medical check-up because he fought in Vietnam”, “maybe it’s all because I love it when a person sings” (a comma is needed, because replace “because” with it is forbidden).

"Anyway". A comma is needed if the meaning is "however". Then this is an introduction. For example: "She knew that, one way or another, she would tell Anna everything."
BUT! The adverbial expression "one way or another" (the same as "one way or another" or "in any case") does NOT require punctuation. For example: "War is somehow necessary."

Always WITHOUT commas:
primarily
at first sight
like
seems to be
for sure
likewise
More or less
literally
in addition
in the (final) end
in the end
last resort
best case scenario
anyway
at the same time
overall
basically
especially
in some cases
through thick and thin
subsequently
otherwise
as a result
concerning
after all
in this case
in the same time
generally
in this regard
mainly
often
exclusively
as a maximum
meanwhile
just in case
in case of emergency
if possible
as far as possible
still
practically
approximately
with all (with) that
with (all) desire
on occasion
wherein
likewise
the biggest
at least
actually
generally
maybe
as if
in addition
to top it off
probably
by the proposal
by decree
by decision
like
traditionally
supposedly

The comma is NOT included
at the beginning of a sentence:
“Before… I was…”
"Since…"
"Before as…"
"Although…"
"As…"
"In order to…"
"Instead of…"
“Actually…”
"While…"
"Besides..."
"However…"
“Despite the fact that ...” (at the same time - separately); DO NOT put a comma before "what".
"If…"
"After…"
“And…”

“Finally” in the meaning of “finally” - DOES NOT stand out with commas.

“And this despite the fact that ...” - in the middle of the sentence, a comma is ALWAYS put!

“Based on this, ...” - a comma is placed at the beginning of the sentence. BUT: “He did so on the basis of ...” - the comma is NOT put.

“After all, if ..., then ...” - a comma before “if” is NOT put, since the second part of the double union comes next - “then”. If there is no “then”, then a comma before “if” is put!

“Less than two years…” - a comma before “what” is NOT put, because. this is NOT a comparison.

A comma before "HOW" is placed only in case of comparison.

“Politicians such as Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov ...” - a comma is placed, because is the noun "politics".
BUT: "...politicians such as Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov ..." - a comma is NOT put before "as".

Commas are NOT included:
“God forbid”, “God forbid”, “for God's sake” - do not stand out with commas, + the word “God” is written with a small letter.

BUT: commas are placed in two directions:
“Glory to God” in the middle of a sentence is highlighted with commas on both sides (the word “God” in this case is written with a capital letter) + at the beginning of the sentence - is highlighted with a comma (on the right side).
“By God” - in these cases, commas are placed on both sides (the word “god” in this case is written with a small letter).
"My God" - separated by commas on both sides; in the middle of the sentence "God" - with a small letter.

If introductory word can drop or rearrange to another place in the sentence without violating its structure (usually this happens with the unions “and” and “but”), then the union is not included in the introductory construction - the comma is NEEDED. For example: "Firstly, it became dark, and, secondly, everyone was tired."

If introductory word remove or rearrange it is forbidden , then the comma after the union (usually with the union "a") is NOT put. For example: “She just forgot about this fact, or maybe she never remembered it”, “..., and therefore ...”, “..., and maybe ...”, “..., which means ...”.

If introductory word can remove or rearrange, then the comma is NEEDED after the union “a”, since it is not associated with the introductory word, i.e. soldered combinations such as “so”, “but by the way”, “and therefore”, “maybe”, etc. n. For example: "She not only did not love him, but, perhaps, even despised him."

If at the beginning sentences worth writing union(in an attached meaning) (“and”, “yes” in the meaning of “and”, “also”, “also”, “and that”, “and that”, “yes and”, “and also”, etc.) , and then the introduction, then a comma before it is NOT needed. For example: “And really, you shouldn’t have done this”; “And perhaps it was necessary to do something differently”; “Finally, the action of the play is ordered and divided into acts”; “Besides, other circumstances came to light”; “But of course, everything ended well.”

Rare: if at the beginning offers worth joining union, a the introductory construction is emphasized intonation, then commas are NEEDED. For example: "But, to my great annoyance, Shvabrin decisively announced ..."; "And, as usual, they remembered only one good thing."

The main groups of introductory words
and phrases
(highlighted by commas + on both sides in the middle of a sentence)

1. Expressing the speaker's feelings (joy, regret, surprise, etc.) in connection with the message:
to annoyance
to amazement
Unfortunately
unfortunately
unfortunately
to joy
unfortunately
to shame
Luckily
to the surprise
to horror
unfortunately
for joy
for luck
not even hour
nothing to hide
unfortunately
fortunately
strange affair
amazing thing
what good, etc.

2. Expressing the speaker's assessment of the degree of reality of what is being reported (confidence, uncertainty, assumption, possibility, etc.):
without any doubts
undoubtedly
undoubtedly
may be
right
probably
apparently
maybe
Indeed
in fact
should be
think
seems
it would seem that
certainly
maybe
may be
maybe
hope
presumably
is not it
no doubt
obviously
apparently
most likely
truly
perhaps
I suppose
in fact
essentially
true
right
of course
needless to say
tea, etc.

3. Pointing to the source of the reported:
they say
say
they say
transmit
In your
according to…
remember
to my mind
our way
according to legend
according to…
according to…
rumored
by post...
your way
heard
report, etc.

4. Pointing to the connection of thoughts, the sequence of presentation:
all in all
First of all,
second, etc.
however
means
in particular
the main thing
Further
means
so
eg
Moreover
by the way
by the way
by the way
by the way
finally
vice versa
eg
against
I repeat
I emphasize
more than that
on the other hand
one side
that is
thus etc.
howbeit
whatever it was

5. Pointing to the techniques and ways of formalizing the expressed thoughts:
rather
generally speaking
in other words
if I may say so
if I may say so
in other words
in other words
in short
better to say
to put it mildly
in a word
to put it simply
word
as a matter of fact
let me tell you
so to speak
to clarify
what is called etc.

6. Representing calls to the interlocutor (reader) in order to draw his attention to what is being reported, to inspire a certain attitude to the facts presented:
do you believe
do you believe (do)
see (do)
you see)
imagine(those)
allowable
do you know)
Do you know)
sorry)
believe (those)
please
understand (those)
do you understand
do you understand
listen (those)
suppose
Imagine
sorry)
say
agree
agree etc.

7. Indicating an assessment of the measure of what is being said:
at least, at least - are isolated only when inverted: "This issue was discussed twice, at least."
the biggest
at least

8. Showing the degree of commonness of the reported:
it happens
used to
as usual
according to custom
happens

9. Expressive statements:
no joke
between us will be said
talking between us
need to say
not in reproach will be said
to tell the truth
according to conscience
in fairness
confess say
tell the truth
funny to say
honestly.

Set expressions with comparison
(without commas):
poor as a church mouse
white as a harrier
white as a sheet
white as snow
beat like a fish on ice
pale as death
shines like a mirror
sickness vanished
fear like fire
wandering like a restless
rushed like crazy
mumbling like a sexton
ran like crazy
lucky, as a drowned man
spinning like a squirrel in a wheel
seen as day
squeals like a pig
lying like a gray gelding
everything goes like clockwork
all as a choice
jumped up like crazy
jumped up like crazy
stupid as hell
looked like a wolf
naked as a falcon
hungry as wolf
as far as heaven from earth
shaking like a fever
trembled like an aspen leaf
he's like water off a duck's back
wait like manna from heaven
wait like a holiday
lead a cat and dog life
live like a bird of the sky
fell asleep like the dead
frozen like a statue
lost like a needle in a haystack
sounds like music
healthy as an ox
know how flaky
have at one's fingertips
rides like a cow saddle
goes along like a sewn
how to sink into the water
ride like cheese in butter
swinging like a drunk
swayed (swayed) like a jelly
handsome as god
red like a tomato
red as a lobster
strong (strong) like oak
screaming like crazy
light as a feather
flies like an arrow
bald as a knee
like a shower
waving his arms like a windmill
thrashing around like crazy
wet as a mouse
gloomy as a cloud
dropping like flies
hope like a stone wall
people like herring in a barrel
dress up like a doll
not see how their ears
mute like a grave
dumb like a fish
rush (rush) like crazy
rush (rush) like crazy
worn like a fool with a written sack
runs like a chicken and an egg
needed like air
needed like last year's snow
needed like the fifth spoke in a chariot
needed like a dog's fifth leg
peel like sticky
one as a finger
left like a stranded cancer
stopped dead in his tracks
razor sharp
as different as day from night
as different as heaven from earth
bake like pancakes
pale as a sheet
pale as death
repeated like crazy
you go like a little
remember your name
remember like a dream
get into cabbage soup like chickens
hit like a butt on the head
fall like a cornucopia
look like two drops of water
went down like a stone
appear as if on cue
loyal like a dog
stuck like a bath leaf
fall through the ground
use (use) as from a goat's milk
disappeared into the water
just like a knife to the heart
blazed like fire
works like an ox
understands like a pig in oranges
vanished like smoke
play like clockwork
grow like mushrooms after the rain
grow by leaps and bounds
drop from the clouds
fresh as blood and milk
fresh as a cucumber
sat as if chained
sit on pins and needles
sit on the coals
listened spellbound
looked spellbound
slept like the dead
hurry like fire
stands like a statue
slender as a Lebanese cedar
melts like a candle
rock hard
dark as night
as accurate as a clock
skinny as a skeleton
cowardly as a rabbit
died like a hero
fell down like a wreck
stuck like a sheep
lean like a bull
mulish
tired as a dog
cunning like a fox
cunning as a fox
gushing like a bucket
walked as if plunged into water
walked like a birthday
walk like a thread
cold as ice
thin as a sliver
black as coal
black as hell
feel at home
feel like behind a stone wall
feel like a fish in water
staggered like a drunk
she's like a punishment
clear as twice two four
clear as day, etc.

Do not confuse with homogeneous members

1. The following stable expressions are NOT homogeneous and therefore are NOT separated by a comma:
neither this nor that;
neither fish nor fowl;
neither stand nor sit down;
no end no edge;
neither light nor dawn;
neither hearing nor spirit;
neither to himself nor to people;
neither sleep nor spirit;
neither here nor there;
for nothing;
neither give nor take;
no answer, no greeting;
neither yours nor ours;
neither subtract nor add;
and so and so;
and day and night;
and laughter and grief;
and cold and hunger;
both old and young;
about this and that;
both;
in both.

(General rule: a comma is not placed inside integral expressions of a phraseological nature, formed by two words with opposite meanings, connected by a repeating conjunction “and” or “neither”)

2. NOT separated by a comma:

1) Verbs in the same form, indicating the movement and its purpose.
I'll go for a walk.
Sit down and rest.
Go take a look.
2) Forming semantic unity.
Can't wait.
Let's sit and talk.

3) Pair combinations of a synonymous, antonymous or associative character.
Search for truth-truth.
There is no end.
Honor to all.
Let's go.
Everything is covered.
It's expensive to see.
Purchase and sale questions.
Meet with bread and salt.
Tie hand and foot.

4) Compound words (interrogative-relative pronouns, adverbs, which are opposed to something).
Someone else, but you can't.
Already somewhere, where, and everything is there.

Compiled by -

One of the most common in high school is the comma before "what", "how" and in other words in the structures that are connected with them. This happens, some authors of school manuals call all constructions with these words a comparative turnover.

Actually "How" can act as a union or a particle. And such a construction is not always a comparative turnover. In some cases, it is a circumstance.

The structure acts as:

• Predicate: The whole world is like an exciting adventure.
• Definitions or Applications: Crocodile, as a rare animal, is listed in the Red Book.
• Comparative turnover or circumstances: Life seethed like a waterfall of passions.
• Introductory design: I decided to change into a shirt, or a shirt, as my mother would say..
• Accessory part: Living in the countryside is as difficult as describing the smell of freshly cut grass in words..

Difference and other combinations

comma before "How" placed in the following cases:

1) If the combination denotes exclusively assimilation, i.e., denotes "like" and no longer has any other meanings. This construction is called a comparative turnover and acts as a circumstance in the sentence. For example: Vasily, like a hero, defended his friend. But it is necessary to pay attention to such a moment that the comparative turnover is not separated by commas if it is in the middle of a sentence. In this case, the part of the sentence to which this construction refers is underlined. For example: At the ball, Anna, in love like a passionate girl, looked into the eyes of her chosen one. In this sentence, comparative turnover is not separated from "in love" comma only because these words have a semantic connection. If there is a comma before the word "How", then it will come out "looked like a passionate lioness", but the sentence has a completely different meaning.

2) If the combination is used together with the union "and". This construction is also called a comparative turnover and acts as a circumstance in the sentence: Peter treated me well, as well as everyone in the class.

Applications

In order to prevent another mistake, it is necessary to decide which member of the sentence is the combination of interest to us, what words it is associated with:

1) In the case when used before a combination of words "so", "that", "such", "so" and many others. Such constructions are applications, and in a sentence they act as a definition. For example: Movies such as horror or thrillers, he usually did not watch.

2) The combination has the meaning of causality. Usually it is an application, and in a sentence it acts as a definition. For example: The doctor, as a good specialist, paid much attention to sick patients. This sentence shows the reason in combination "good specialist". The doctor paid a lot of attention to sick patients because he was a good specialist. But do not confuse the application with a comparative turnover. Comparative turnover is the likening of one object to another. And the application is when the object is called in a completely different way .

3) The union is part of the expression "nothing else"; "no one else". For example: This event is nothing more than a pre-planned action. The construction given in this sentence is a nominal compound predicate. And we see that this member of the sentence is separated by a comma.

Introductory constructions

In some sentences, combinations are not members of the sentence, but act. They must be separated by commas on both sides.

1) The union is combined with the following words: "now", "now", "before", "always", "usually", "exception", "rule", "on purpose" and others. These combinations act as introductory words that are not any members of the sentence. For example: They, as if on purpose, did not rush home at all.

2) The union is part of the introductory sentence. For example: As Katerina correctly noted, the road was especially difficult. This sentence is simple, despite the presence of two grammatical bases. It's just complicated by the introductory construction. In this case, the construction in which this union is present is an introductory sentence. The narrator names the source of the information. The combination is separated by commas.

Comparative turnover and incomplete subordinate clause

Before deciding if a comma is needed before "How", it is necessary to understand exactly what is the difference between a comparative turnover and an incomplete subordinate clause. It can be seen in the following example: Nowhere have I felt so good as at home. In this case, the second part is an incomplete subordinate clause. Also, do not confuse with the comparative turnover the subordinate component, which is a one-part sentence: write stories like thisas difficult as describing the sound of music in words. The second part is a one-part impersonal

Connection with the predicate

There are many examples where a comma precedes "How" not set:

1) The combination is part of the predicate: Time flew by very quickly, a day like one hour. The comparative particle is part of the predicate and is underlined along with it.

2) The word has a semantic connection with the predicate: The meeting flew by like one moment that I did not even have time to come to my senses. In this case, a comma before "How" is not put, because the whole combination with it is a predicate, and the word itself is a comparative particle. Without it, the predicate would lose its true meaning. This award was like a gift from above. This combination also acts as a predicate, because without it the sentence completely loses its meaning. And a comma before "How" that's why it's not set.

persistent expressions

Comma before conjunction "How" not put if it is part of There are a great many such examples. After the meeting, we gained confidence in the future, because everything went like clockwork. In this case, the combination is part of a compound predicate, which in this sentence is expressed by a phraseological unit. Life should be valued and cherished like the apple of an eye. The combination is also part of the predicate, which is a persistent expression. That is why the use of racial ones is unacceptable here.

A few more features of the use of punctuation marks ...

In order to correctly determine "How" whether you need a comma or not, you need to pay attention to some more nuances. Is there a particle before this word? "not" or these words: “just”, “exactly”, “exactly”, “completely” or "almost". If they are used, then a comma is not needed. In this case, such a construction will be called a comparative turnover, and in the sentence it will be a circumstance. For example: Nikolai always behaved with dignity, he acted exactly like a real man. If the combination means "in role", then the comma is also not put: He spoke at the meeting as a teacher of mathematics. In this sentence, it means that the person acted as a teacher of mathematics. In fact, he may not be.

We see that there are quite a few nuances in the use of the comma. You need to pay special attention to them, and then you can easily and simply avoid serious mistakes.

A comma before the union HOW is placed in three cases:

1. If this union is included in phrases that are close in role in the sentence to the introductory words, for example: AS A RULE, AS A CONSEQUENCE, AS ALWAYS, AS NOW, AS ON DESIGN, AS FOR EXAMPLE, AS NOW: In the morning, as if on purpose, it began to rain;

2. If this union connects parts of a complex sentence, for example: We watched for a long time how the coals of the fire smoldered;

3. If the sentence contains a circumstance expressed by a comparative turnover that begins with the union HOW, for example: Her voice rang like the smallest bell;

Please note: if the sentence continues after turnovers with the union HOW, then you need to put another comma at the end of the turnover. For example: Below, like a mirror, the water shone; We watched for a long time how the coals of the fire were smoldering, unable to tear ourselves away from this spectacle.

Turnovers with the union AS are not separated in five cases:

1. If the turnover with the union HOW in the sentence acts as a circumstance of the course of action, for example: The path twisted like a snake. In such cases, the turnover with HOW can be replaced by an adverb (PO-SNAKE) or a noun in the instrumental case (SNAKE). Unfortunately, it is not always possible to distinguish the circumstances of the mode of action with complete certainty from the circumstances of comparison.

2. If the turnover with the union HOW is part of the phraseological unit, for example: During dinner she sat on pins and needles;

3. If the turnover with the union HOW is part of the predicate and the sentence without such a turnover does not have a complete meaning, for example: She behaves like a hostess;

4. If the union HOW stands between the subject and the predicate (without this union, a dash would have to be put there), for example: The lake is like a mirror;

5. If the comparative turnover is preceded by the negation of NOT or particles COMPLETELY, PERFECTLY, ALMOST, LIKE, EXACTLY, EXACTLY, SIMPLY, for example: They do everything not like neighbors or Her hair curls exactly like her mother's;

In addition, it must be remembered that the word HOW can be part of the compound union HOW ... SO AND ... or SO AS, as well as revolutions SINCE, FROM THE TIME, AS WELL, AS LESS (MORE) POSSIBLE, etc. In this case, of course, the comma before HOW is also not put, for example: All windows, both in the manor's house and in the people's, are wide open(Saltykov-Shchedrin). He did not take cutlets for breakfast with him and now regretted it, since he already wanted to eat.(According to Chekhov).

The exercise

I would have heard the door open.

She was pale with some kind of Hindu pallor, the moles on her face became darker, the blackness of her hair and eyes seemed to be even blacker (Bunin).

And did Paris live like that now! (Bunin).

Well, I’ll help, father, just don’t blame me if it doesn’t come out as you planned.

I rarely visited "noble" houses, but in the theater I was like my own - and ate the abyss of pies at pastry shops (Turgenev).

Going to bed, I myself, I don’t know why, turned three times on one leg, pomaded myself, lay down and slept all night like a log (Turgenev).

It will sound and whine_ like a string, but don't expect songs from it (Turgenev).

All of us are not like people! (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

Now, wrapped in a hood and a cloak, from under which a rifle was sticking out, he rode with one murid, trying to be noticed as little as possible, carefully peering with his quick black eyes into the faces of the inhabitants he came across along the way (Tolstoy).

Millions of people committed against each other such countless atrocities, deceptions, betrayals, thefts, forgeries and issuance of false banknotes, robberies, arson and murders, which in whole centuries the annals of all the courts of the world will not collect and on which, in this period of time, people, those who committed them did not look at them as crimes (Tolstoy).

The guests arrived like snow on their heads.

To meet him, a fifteen-year-old boy quickly came out of the door and stared in surprise with black_ like ripe currants_ shining eyes at the visitors (Tolstoy).

While Hadji Murad was entering, a middle-aged, thin, thin woman, in a red beshmet on a yellow shirt and blue trousers, came out of the inner door, carrying pillows. (Tolstoy).

I accompanied the captain_ not as a servant. She was also amused by the clean, compared to prison, spring air, but it was painful to step on the stones, unaccustomed to walking and shod in clumsy prison cats, and she looked at her feet and tried to step_ as lightly as possible (Tolstoy).

One of them, the most extravagant, was that I wanted to go to him, explain myself to him, confess everything to him, frankly tell him everything and assure him that I acted not like a stupid girl, but with good intentions (Dostoevsky).

So I studied, studied, but ask me_ how a person should live, - I don’t know (Tolstoy).

These experiments could be carried out_ both a month earlier and a month later.

The streets between the houses were narrow, crooked and deep, like cracks in the rock (Andreev).

Fans use this fish_ as a natural clock in a room aquarium (According to V. Matizen).

In the west, the sky is greenish and transparent all night, and there, on the horizon, as it is now, everything is smoldering and smoldering ... (Bunin).

Rostov felt how, under the influence of the hot rays of love ... that childish smile blossomed in his soul and on his face, which he had never smiled since he left home (Tolstoy).

The people in the car were like herring in a barrel.

Irony is present in it_ not as a feature of style or technique, but as part of the general worldview of the author (Lakshin).

When Stepan Trofimovich, already ten years later, was passing this sad story to me in a whisper, having first locked the doors, he swore to me that he was so dumbfounded then on the spot that he did not hear or see how Varvara Petrovna disappeared (Dostoevsky).

But the eyes_ do not seem to be stupid and brilliant, like those of Maria Kresse (Bulgakov).

If you knew that you want this, the holiday would be canceled, ”said the prince, out of habit_ like a wound clock, saying things that he didn’t want to be believed (Tolstoy).

Armande had already begun to despair_ when the local curate, Francois Loizeau, arrived from Oteil, who became friends with Molière at the time when he lived in Oteil (Bulgakov).

But before they had time to get up, a bell rang impatiently behind the doors above (Bulgakov).

“Torment,” he says, “them: now their prayer book is gone,” and galloped past; and behind this stratopedarch are his warriors, and behind them, like a flock of skinny spring geese, boring shadows stretched, and everyone nods sadly and pitifully to the lord, and all quietly moan through weeping: “Let him go! – he alone prays for us” (Leskov).

Seeing this, people stopped in their tracks. "Fuck off, doves! we celebrated the winter, but by spring the bellies were down!” - Porfiry Vladimirych argues to himself, and he, as if on purpose, had just cleared up all the accounts for last year's field crops (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

As if on purpose, he didn’t come today, and I still have a whole terrible night ahead of me! (Bunin).

Understand that this child, whom you are now adopting in the Poquelin house, is none other than Monsieur de Molière! (Bulgakov).

Bazar_ is like another city in the city (Bunin).

However, the consistent application of this method, which treats literature not as the fruit of organic creativity, but as a medium of cultural communication, eventually began to slow down the development of literary criticism (Epshtein).

Next to him, she felt like behind a stone wall. Until now, he was silent, and no one paid any attention to him, but now everyone looked at him, and, probably, everyone was surprised_ how he could still remain unnoticed (Leskov).

Still young, handsome in appearance, with a fortune, endowed with many brilliant qualities, undoubted wit, taste, inexhaustible gaiety, he appeared_ not as a seeker of happiness and patronage, but quite independently (Dostoevsky).

Half even used to die, but they are not amenable to education: they stand in the yard - everyone marvels and even shy away from the walls, and everyone only squints at the sky_ like birds_ with their eyes (Leskov).

Screams like an eagle: stop, I will shoot! (Bunin).