File sharing network
Another file transfer method that has become more popular is p2p systems such as Kazaa, eDonkey, Gnutella, Direct Connect, etc. In such networks, ordinary network users exchange files by directly connecting to each other. The advantage of these systems is that the files do not have to be located on the same server. However, it is not possible to trace the contents of these files. That is why these networks have become very popular among fans of music, movies and especially warez. The problem with these networks is the popular data accessed by the most people. Since there were literally "queues" for new files, the download speed decreased in proportion to the number of requests for this file. In addition, in most p2p systems, the number of connections between users is limited, and often users who applied for a file were simply refused. Incompletely downloaded files have also been a problem for users, since it is impossible to determine in advance whether the requested file is "whole" or not. The result of these problems has been the fall in popularity of many networks and the introduction of prohibitive rules for users participating in them.
File-sharing network is a collective name for peer-to-peer computer networks for file sharing, based on the equality of participants in the file exchange, that is, each participant is both a client and a server.
One area of application for peer-to-peer networking technology is file sharing.
Users of the file-sharing network upload any files in the so-called. "shared" (English share - share) directory, the contents of which are available for download to other users. Any another network user sends a search request any file. The program searches network clients for files matching the request and displays the result. After that, the user can download files from the found sources. In modern file-sharing networks, information is downloaded from several sources at once. Its integrity is checked by checksums.
Organization types of file-sharing networks
Centralized networks
Despite the fact that each member of the file-sharing network is both a client and a server, an infrastructure is needed to unite disparate clients among themselves into a certain community. In centralized file-sharing networks, service information is stored by indexing servers.
The advantage of such a network is the relative simplicity of programming such a network and a small amount of service information transmitted to the servers. The closure of the Napster and WinMX networks showed the unreliability of centralized file-sharing networks. Indexing servers can be disabled for various reasons (technical failure, bankruptcy of the owning company, court decision). In this case, the network stops functioning. Centralized networks include Direct Connect.
decentralized networks
Decentralized file-sharing networks function without indexing servers. Although the volume of transmitted service information in them is greater, their reliability is much higher. So far, there is no way to forcibly stop the functioning of such a network. Decentralized networks include Gnutella, Overnet, Kad.
Partially decentralized (hybrid) networks
Combining the speed of centralized networks and the reliability of decentralized networks, hybrid schemes are used that use independent indexing servers that constantly synchronize information with each other. Thus, if one of them fails, the network continues to function. Partially decentralized file-sharing networks include eDonkey2000, OpenNap.
Work principles
The basic principles of file sharing are as follows: the user downloads the program to his computer;
Through the Internet, you can easily find people with similar interests and hobbies. If the circle of online communication is limited to a few people, then exchanging information with them is quite simple. This can be done both by mail and via instant messaging services. But what if you need to constantly keep in touch with dozens or even hundreds of people close to you in spirit? How do you let them all know that you have photos from Ritchie Blackmore's latest concert, a list of exam tickets, or the latest version of a free tweaker? Do not ask the same question to everyone and wait for an answer. The best way to solve this problem - peer-to-peer networks (peer-to-peer networks, or "networks with peers"). A group of people in such a network receives equal access rights to the information available in it, that is, each computer can be both a client and a server. Each of the participants in such a network opens access to certain files on their hard drive, after which they are entered into the database and become available for download by all network users. Files are exchanged through a program called a peer-to-peer client. There are many peer-to-peer networks, and there are even more clients to work in them, because there can be several programs for one network.
The name of this client stands for Direct Connect, that is, a direct connection from one user to another bypassing the server. The process of connecting to the DC ++ () network is simplified as much as possible: you need to enter your nickname, postal address (possibly non-existent) and indicate the speed of the Internet connection. In the Description field, you can specify any information about yourself: interests, geographical location - in a word, everything that you see fit.
Hubs are usually divided into topics: music, movies, comics, games, etc. Each hub has its own administrator, who sets the rules for its use and the minimum amount of open resources, with which you can enter the system. In many hubs, they look not only at how many files you share, but also at whether they correspond to the topic of the hub. If you went to a hub dedicated to games, and opened access to the Windows folder, they might be thrown out of the system. The use of hubs also has its advantages: network members living in the same region can unite in such communities. Many providers charge much less for traffic within a region or country than for foreign traffic, and in some packages, domestic incoming traffic is completely free. Thus, you can save a lot by downloading all the necessary files from users who live in your area.
soulseek
This program is focused primarily on music files. This does not mean that it does not allow you to upload and share other types of files. However, you are more likely to find the audio file you are interested in here than, say, a game or a photo. Sharing your resources in Soulseek (website) is not required, but, as in all programs of this kind, it is desirable. The fact is that when you start downloading a file from one of the users, he sees who and what is downloading from him. And it is quite possible that he will want to see what interesting things you have. Not finding a single open resource, he may be offended and put you on the Ban List, i.e. to the list of users who will never be able to download anything from him again. The connection settings are very conveniently implemented in the program. You can control the download speed directly in the file transfer/receive window. You can also define the maximum number of network participants to whom you can simultaneously transfer a file, as well as the number of Extra users. The latter are those of the participants in the system who do not need to stand in a general queue in order to receive the coveted file from you. Only you can add users to the extra list. This is how it turns out that all users are equal, but some are "more equal" than others.
Soulseek allows you to share not only files, but also messages. To do this, there is a chat in which many rooms are open for musical interests. There are also rooms for Russian-speaking users - for example, RUSSIA. Russian language is supported. One of the most interesting features of Soulseek is the ability to add search terms to the Wish List. This option works like this: if you did not find anything for a given request, you can add it to this wish list. At certain intervals, Soulseek itself will search among the files of users appearing on the network. If suddenly the file is found, the program will immediately inform you about it.
This client is an improved version of the eDonkey program, which, in turn, is the original client of the peer-to-peer network of the same name. Within a few years of its existence, the eDonkey network has become incredibly popular all over the world. The eDonkey client was not designed for such a large number of participants, which caused its performance to deteriorate - slow file downloads, errors, etc.
The Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology was organized in 1992 with the aim of implementing fundamental and applied tasks in the field of bioregulation and gerontology. One of the goals of the institute was to introduce into medical practice the results of 20 years of experimental and clinical studies of a new class of drugs - peptide bioregulators, created in the research laboratory of bioregulators of the Military Medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. By decision of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in 1998, the Institute was included in the North-Western Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (on a self-financing basis).
The Institute has 7 laboratories and 10 research groups equipped with modern equipment.
The Academic Council of the Institute includes 11 doctors of science (9 doctors of medical sciences, 1 doctor of biological sciences, 1 doctor of chemical sciences) and 10 candidates of sciences (7 candidates of medical sciences, 2 candidates of biological sciences, 1 candidate of chemical sciences).
The main directions of research activities of the Institute:
Study of the mechanisms of aging;
Study of the properties and mechanisms of action of peptide bioregulators;
Study of the effect of peptide bioregulators on the mechanisms of aging;
Development and introduction into medical practice of new drugs based on peptide bioregulators;
The study of the genotype of animals and humans in order to improve methods for diagnosing, predicting and treating age-related pathology.
For the first time in world medical practice, the Institute has developed a new medical technology (bioregulatory therapy) to restore and preserve the basic functions of organs and tissues of the body within the genetically determined human life span (100-110 years), based on many years of experience in scientific, biotechnological and medical research in the field of bioregulation and gerontology.
As a result of the research carried out at the Institute, the main mechanisms of the development of premature aging have been established and a method has been developed for the complex use of new peptide bioregulators to slow down the aging process and increase life expectancy to the upper species limit (in the experiment by 30-40%).
To date, the Institute has developed and is at different stages of study and implementation of three classes of biologically active substances:
1. Cytomedins (drugs) are complexes of polypeptides with a molecular weight of 1000-10000 daltons, which have the ability to induce the processes of specific differentiation in the population of cells that are the starting material for their production. The introduction of cytomedines into the body contributes to the restoration of specific functions of organs and tissues in case of their inhibition as a result of a pathological process or during aging. Medicinal polypeptide preparations Timalin, Epithalamin, Prostatilen, Cortexin, Retinalamin are allowed for medical use.
2. Cytamines (biologically active food supplements) are nucleoprotein complexes obtained from animal organs and tissues. They are physiological correctors of body functions and are used to prevent various diseases and pathological conditions, as well as to slow down the aging process and improve the quality of human life. Industrial production of 17 types of biologically active food supplements is organized in Russia, Germany and Belgium.
3. Cytogens (drugs) - synthetic peptides. A new class of bioregulators with high tissue-specific activity in ultra-low doses. They are physiological correctors of body functions and are recommended for the prevention and treatment of various diseases and pathological conditions, as well as for slowing down the aging process. Synthetic peptide immunomodulator Thymogen, approved for medical use in Russia, after receiving a positive decision from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA - Food and Drug Administration USA) is at the III stage of clinical study in the USA.
The resulting substances are characterized by a small molecular weight and the absence of species specificity, toxicity and allergenic properties.
The Institute is equipped with modern diagnostic and medical equipment.
For the first time in the world medical practice, the Institute has developed and implemented a new system of complex diagnostics, prognosis, prevention and correction of age-related pathology. Together with leading geneticists of the country, for the first time, a comprehensive system for diagnosing the structural organization of 20 genes was developed, which makes it possible to determine the predisposition to the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system, oncological diseases, and the nature of violations of metabolic and regulatory processes. For the first time, schemes for the prevention of the development of genetically determined pathology were introduced into practice using peptide bioregulators. For the first time, a method of treating retinal diseases leading to blindness with peptide bioregulators, which has no analogue in the world clinical practice, has been developed for the first time.
During this period, about 1500 people were examined and treated. The effectiveness of the treatment was noted in 96.7% of cases according to subjective indicators of the state of health, and in 58.1-81.7% - according to objective indicators.
With the active participation of the Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, the Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences was organized in 1994 (Professor V. N. Anisimov was elected President of the Society, and Professor V. Kh. Khavinson was elected Vice President).
In 1996, the Institute organized the International Symposium "Gerontological Aspects of Peptide Regulation of Body Functions", which took place in St. Petersburg.
The Institute conducts research work together with leading research and medical institutions in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Chita, Kyiv and Kharkov.
Based on the results of experimental and clinical studies of peptide bioregulators, 4 conferences were held in Russia. The specialists of the Institute made presentations at 10 International symposiums and congresses (Russia, the Netherlands, Austria, Greece, Romania, Australia, Finland, Denmark, Germany).
Agreements on international scientific cooperation were signed with the Institute of Gerontology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv), the Italian National Scientific Center for Aging (Ancona), the Institute of Clinical Medicine and Therapy of the University of Parma (Italy), the Institute of Modern Medicine (Bangkok, Thailand), the Vienna City Hospital ( Austria), the Laboratory of Tumor Biology at the Medical University of Hannover (Germany), the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Jerusalem in Rehovot (Israel).
The Institute participates in the training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel. Currently, 5 doctoral and 9 master's theses are being carried out.
The results of many years of experimental and clinical studies allow us to conclude that it is necessary to use peptide bioregulators in the complex prevention of age-related pathology. A new class of geriatric drugs has been created, the use of which makes it possible to effectively prevent accelerated aging, as well as treat diseases associated with aging. Further study of biologically active substances produced by cells and tissues of the body opens up a new physiological way to slow down the aging process and increase human life expectancy.
The St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology was organized in 1992 with the aim of implementing fundamental and applied tasks in the field of bioregulation and gerontology and introducing into medical practice the results of 20 years of experimental and clinical studies of a new class of drugs - peptide bioregulators, created in the research laboratory of bioregulators of the Military Medical Academy. CM. Kirov.
In 2001, the Institute became part of the Northwestern Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
The activity of the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology of the Northwestern Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences is aimed at solving the following tasks:
- conducting fundamental scientific research,
- improvement of methods for diagnosing and predicting diseases,
- development of research and production programs in the field of bioregulation and gerontology;
- development, clinical study, production and introduction into clinical practice of medicines, modern diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of age-related pathology;
- dissemination and promotion of scientific knowledge in the field of bioregulation and gerontology (organization of scientific conferences, publishing activities, etc.).
At present, the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology of the North-West Region of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences is the only research institution in the North-West region that deals with the development of aging problems and is an operating scientific, practical and clinical diagnostic center for gerontology and geriatrics.
The staff of the Institute is 150 people, of which 80 are researchers.
The Institute employs highly qualified specialists, including 1 corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 27 professors and doctors of sciences, 27 candidates of sciences, 9 doctors of the highest category
Peptides St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology and Khavinson V.Kh.
According to Khavinson V.Kh, a person ages due to a decrease in protein synthesis in the body. Protein is the basis of life. It is possible to restore it to normal with the help of peptides isolated from tissues of young healthy animals exactly the same in structure as in humans. RAMS scientists have created preparations based on peptides (short proteins) that restore the concentration of proteins in the body and slow down its aging. According to V. Khavinson, it is important that antibodies are not produced on them and there can be no allergies. The uniqueness of peptides lies in the fact that their use reduces the risk of cancer by 3.5 times. Most of these funds have no analogues in the world. Natural peptides of the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology help the body to heal itself. In total, more than 40 peptide preparations have been created during the existence of the institute, protected by 180 patents of the Russian Federation, the USA, Japan and other countries. Peptide bioregulators are tissue-specific - they are point-acting drugs (liver peptides act on the liver, stomach peptides - on the stomach, etc.)
Peptides, like a key, fit DNA and start the work of genes, increasing the lifespan of the cell.
Petersburg school of gerontologists proved that the use of peptides increases tissue resources. In the experiments, the number of cell divisions - the Hayflick limit - was increased - when the cell stopped dividing after 47 times, the peptide was dripped, and the cell continued to divide up to 67 times, which is 40% more than the Hayflick limit. When the peptide was added, restoration of the telomere at the ends of chromosomes was observed. In the Geneva independent experiment, this experience was rechecked 5 times. In fact, our scientists have surpassed the Hayflick limit and created a way to restore the cell life counter.
Under the influence of peptide bioregulators, studies have shown an increase in the resource of the body's vital activity.
- Increase in life expectancy of animals by 20-40%.
- Restoration of the estrous cycle and reproductive period (with the birth of offspring) in 25% of old female rats.
- An increase in the level of melatonin in the blood to normal in old monkeys by 3.2 times, in elderly people by 2.4 times.
- Reducing the incidence of acute respiratory infections in the elderly by 2 times.
- Decrease in the mortality rate of elderly and senile people (observation period of 12 years) by 44-49.4%.
This is the world's only proven way to prolong life, namely peptide bioregulation. There is nothing better in the world!
Only peptide bioregulation (more than 15 million people received bioregulators in 30 years) and calorie restriction (20 years of experiment, in which 100 thousand people participated) have an evidence base for increasing life expectancy, all other methods have not been proven.
Another promising direction of the Institute's activity is the examination of the body with the help of aging markers (biochemical indicators characterizing the state of body systems). The Institute was the first in Europe to introduce genetic passports into practice. Today, molecular genetic analysis is carried out here for predisposition to diabetes, atherosclerosis, heart attack, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and some others. According to the results of the research, preventive (corrective) treatment is prescribed, which reduces the risk of possible diseases.
Today, the preparation of an individual genetic passport has become available to each partner of the NPCRIZ company, which will allow using the company's drugs with greater efficiency.
Gerontology begins with the level of culture, and not with preparations, - Vladimir Khatskelevich emphasized. A healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, clean water, physical education and a program of recovery and rejuvenation of the body based on peptides is the way to active longevity.
Research subdivisions of St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology
| Department of Biogerontology | Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences V.Kh. Khavinson |
| laboratory of biogerontology | d.b.n. T.V. Kvetnaya |
| laboratory of oncogerontology | Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor V.N. Anisimov |
| laboratory of peptide pharmacology | Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor V.V. Malinin |
| peptide chemistry laboratory | Ph.D. E.I. Grigoriev |
| drug research laboratory | Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor V.K. Osipovich |
| Department of Cell Biology and Pathology | |
| functional morphology laboratory | Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor I.M. Kvetnoy |
| biochemistry laboratory | Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor A.V. Harutyunyan |
| aging genetics laboratory | MD S.S. Konovalov |
| Department of Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics | |
| laboratory of age-related clinical pathology | Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor G.A. Ryzhak |
| laboratory of age-related pathology of the cardiovascular system | Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor K.L. Kozlov |
| ophthalmology laboratory | MD S.V. Trofimova |
| laboratory of pathology of the genitourinary system | MD V.Kh. Heifetz |
| preventive medicine laboratory | PhD A.S. Bashkirev |
| aging demography laboratory | d.b.n. G.L. Safarova |
Developments of the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology
The Institute is actively working to introduce scientific developments into European and world clinical practice, carrying out 12 scientific topics in accordance with agreements on scientific cooperation in priority areas with 20 countries. International cooperation of the Institute is represented by a wide range of institutions and organizations.
Non-governmental cooperation is carried out with the United Nations (UN), the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG).
The Institute is included in the list of research centers collaborating within the framework of the "UN Program for Further Research on Aging in the 21st Century".
Research and medical-practical work of the Institute is carried out in close cooperation with scientific institutions of Russia.
Russian Academy of Sciences: Institute of Physiology. I.P. Pavlov RAS; Institute of Nuclear Physics RAS; Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS; Institute of Gene Biology RAS.
Russian Academy of Medical Sciences: Research Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology. BEFORE. Otta RAMN; Research Institute of Influenza RAMS; Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Institute of Normal Physiology. PC. Anokhin RAMS; Medical Radiological Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Russian Cancer Research Center. N.N. Blokhin RAMS.
Institutions of higher education: St. Petersburg State Medical Academy. I.I. Mechnikov; St. Petersburg State Medical University. acad. I.P. Pavlova; St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education; Military Medical Academy. CM. Kirov; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; Saratov State Medical University; Chita State Medical Academy; Belarusian State Academy of Postgraduate Education, Institute of Gerontology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine.
Contact Information
Address: 197110, St. Petersburg, Dynamo Ave., 3;
tel./fax: +7 (812) 230.00.49
website: www.gerontology.ru; e-mail: [email protected]
Management
Director of the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor
Khavinson Vladimir Khatskelevich
Legal form
SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE INSTITUTE ARE CARRIED OUT ON THE BASIS
State accreditation of the Ministry of Industry, Science and Technology of the Russian Federation No. 5091 dated May 20, 2003 in accordance with the Federal Law “On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy”.
Licenses for the right to carry out educational activities in the field of vocational education (postgraduate, additional) in the specialty 14.00.53 - gerontology and geriatrics (medical and biological sciences), issued by the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science Series A No. 169751, Registration No. 5642 dated December 23, 2005 Valid until December 23, 2010
The powers of the Dissertation Council for the defense of doctoral dissertations D 601.001.01 in the specialty 14.00.53 - gerontology and geriatrics (medical and biological sciences), the composition of which was approved by the decision of the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education of Russia (Order No. 403-v of 03.12.2004) . The term of office of the Dissertation Council is set for the period of validity of the nomenclature of specialties of scientific workers, approved by order of the Ministry of Industry and Science of Russia dated January 31, 2001 No. 47.
License for the right to carry out medical activities, issued by the Federal Service for Supervision of Health and Social Development, No. 78-01-000531, Registration No. 018870 dated February 9, 2006. Valid until February 9, 2011
Main activities
Specialization (fields of activity)
Core competencies
The activity of the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology of the Northwestern Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences is aimed at solving the following tasks:
conducting fundamental scientific research, improving methods for diagnosing and predicting diseases, developing research and production programs in the field of bioregulation and gerontology;
development, clinical study, production and introduction into clinical practice of medicines, modern diagnostic and therapeutic technologies for early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of age-related pathology;
dissemination and promotion of scientific knowledge in the field of bioregulation and gerontology (organization of scientific conferences, publishing activities, etc.).
Research work of the Institute is carried out in the following priority areas: study of the mechanisms of aging; study of properties and mechanisms of action, peptide bioregulators; development and introduction into medical practice of new drugs based on peptide bioregulators; study of markers of in vivo diagnosis of diseases associated with age; study of demographic aspects of population aging.
Main projects
The scientific work of the Institute is regularly supported by grants from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the NATO Scientific Council, the German Academic Exchange Service - DAAD (Germany), the French Foundation for Basic Research (France).
Main partners
Research and medical-practical work of the Institute is carried out in close cooperation with scientific institutions of Russia.
Russian Academy of Sciences: Institute of Physiology. I.P. Pavlov RAS; Institute of Nuclear Physics RAS; Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS; Institute of Gene Biology RAS.
Russian Academy of Medical Sciences: Research Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology. BEFORE. Otta RAMN; Research Institute of Influenza RAMS; Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Institute of Normal Physiology. PC. Anokhin RAMS; Medical Radiological Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Russian Cancer Research Center. N.N. Blokhin RAMS.
Institutions of higher education: St. Petersburg State Medical Academy. I.I. Mechnikov; St. Petersburg State Medical University. acad. I.P. Pavlova; St. Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education; Military Medical Academy. CM. Kirov; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; Saratov State Medical University; Chita State Medical Academy; Belarusian State Academy of Postgraduate Education, Institute of Gerontology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine.
The Institute is actively working to introduce scientific developments into European and world clinical practice, carrying out 12 scientific topics in accordance with agreements on scientific cooperation in priority areas with 20 countries. International cooperation of the Institute is represented by a wide range of institutions and organizations.
Non-governmental cooperation is carried out with the United Nations (UN), the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG). The Institute is included in the list of research centers collaborating within the framework of the "UN Program for Further Research on Aging in the 21st Century".
Main achievements
Long-term studies carried out by the Institute in these priority areas have made it possible to develop the concept of peptide regulation of aging, to establish the main mechanisms for the development of premature aging, to develop a method for using new peptide bioregulators to slow down the aging process and increase life expectancy to the upper species limit (in the experiment - by 30–40 %).
The result of the work of the Institute was the creation of a new class of geriatric drugs, the use of which makes it possible to effectively prevent accelerated aging, as well as treat diseases associated with age.
The Institute has developed a number of medicinal products approved for use by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and put into industrial production: 6 geroprotective drugs (thymalin, thymogen, epithalamin, prostatilen, cortexin, retinalamin) and 30 types of cell metabolism bioregulators, most of which have no analogues abroad . More than 100 peptides have been chemically synthesized, which have high biological activity and slow down the aging process.
For the first time in world medical practice, a new technology (bioregulatory therapy) has been created to restore and preserve the basic functions of organs and tissues of the body within the genetically determined life span of a person.
Based on the use of peptide bioregulators, a method has been developed for the complex prevention of age-related pathology, slowing down the aging process and increasing the average life expectancy to the upper species limit.
The research carried out at the Institute resulted in the discovery of biological markers of tumor and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the possibility of in vivo diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly and senile age.
Together with leading geneticists of the country, for the first time, a comprehensive system for diagnosing the structural organization of 20 genes has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the predisposition to cardiovascular and oncological diseases and the nature of metabolic and regulatory disorders. Models of the significance of various medical and social factors for the development of accelerated aging and the occurrence of age-related diseases have been created.
For many years, the staff of the Institute has been conducting a regular statistical study of the characteristics of aging in the population of older age groups (60, 65, 80 years) and is developing a mathematical model of accelerated aging of the population using the example of St. Petersburg. For the first time, the dynamics of life expectancy of the population of Russia and St. Petersburg has been studied in comparison with a number of developed countries.
As a result of 30 years of experience in studying peptide bioregulators, 3 main areas of their use in gerontology have been identified.
Geroprotective, associated with the solution of the strategic task of gerontology - slowing down the rate of aging and increasing the life expectancy of a person, primarily its working period.
Prevention in practically healthy people of age-related involutional changes that form the conditions for the development of pathology.
Treatment and rehabilitation for various diseases and pathological conditions in the elderly.
The intellectual property of the Institute consists of 117 patents (of which 34 are foreign), 25 applications for patents of the Russian Federation, 32 international applications for patents, 104 certificates of the Russian Federation for trademarks, scientific and technical documentation for 32 types of products intended for sale in the Russian and foreign markets.
A scientific school on the problem of "biogerontology" has been created. More than 130 doctoral and master's theses have been prepared and defended. More than 700 scientific papers have been published, including 40 monographs, 35 scientific publications, manuals, manuals, recommendations.
For fruitful work in the main areas of research activities, the employees of the Institute were awarded prizes and awards: the nominal prize of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. V.Kh. Vasilenko, the MAIK Prize, the Youth Prize of St. Petersburg, the Prize of the Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences for young scientists, the Prize of the Presidium of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, the medal of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, medals to them. T.I. Eroshevsky, a medal of the European Society of Ophthalmotoxicology, a diploma of the Interdepartmental Scientific Council for Gerontology and Geriatrics of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for his contribution to the development of gerontology and geriatrics in the Russian Federation in 1999-2003, commemorative medals "In memory of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg".
In accordance with agreements on scientific cooperation, the Institute conducts research work in close cooperation with scientific institutions in Russia (RAS, RAMS, higher educational institutions) and foreign countries. Within the framework of cooperation with 20 countries of the near and far abroad, scientific work is being carried out on the priority issues of the Institute.
In accordance with the agreement between the Ministry of Industry, Science and Technology of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Education, Science and Research of Germany, joint work is being carried out on the experimental and clinical study of new synthetic peptides.
Within the framework of cooperation, the Institute is regularly visited by foreign scientists and specialists, including the head of the UN program on aging A.V. Sidorenko (USA), President of the European Department of the IAH M. Passeri (Italy), Director of the Institute of Aging of the Netherlands Professor D. Knuk (Netherlands), Director of Science at the Institute of Cytological Research of Valencia Professor J. Hernandez-Iago (Spain), Head of the Laboratory of Amino Acids, Peptides and proteins of the University of Montpellier, Professor J. Martinez (France) and others, as well as Russian and foreign delegations.
Employees of the Institute actively participate in the work of scientific forums, both in Russia and abroad. The Institute was the lead institution for the preparation and holding of the II European Congress on Biogerontology, organized jointly with the European Biological Section of the International Association of Gerontology and the Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which took place in St. Petersburg in August 2000 with the participation of 350 leading experts from 33 countries. The leadership of the European branch of the International Association of Gerontology for scientific achievements in the field of biogerontology, the director of the institute, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences V. X Khavinson, was elected vice-president of the VI European Congress on Gerontology, held in St. Petersburg in 2007.
The Institute is working on the introduction of scientific, methodological and practical developments in the research and clinical activities of Russian and foreign institutions. Open seminars and lectures on the issues of gerontology and geriatrics are held, the listeners of which are given sets of information and methodological materials and certificates of the established form.
With the support of the Institute, the journals "Advances in Gerontology" and "Bulletin of the Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences" are published. Employees of the Institute are members of the editorial boards and editorial boards of 17 domestic and foreign journals.
With the active participation of the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, the Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences was organized in 1994, the vice-president of which is the Director of the Institute, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences V. Kh. Khavinson.
In 2000, the Institute, represented by Director V. Kh. Khavinson, became one of the founders of the Science of Longevity Foundation, the Scientific Council of which is headed by Academician R.V. Petrov.
Scientific publications
Subdivisions
The staff of the Institute is 150 people, of which 80 are researchers. The Institute employs highly qualified specialists, including 1 corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 27 professors and doctors of science, 27 candidates of science, 9 doctors of the highest category.
