"Steppenwolf" is the title of one of the popular novels by the German writer Hermann Hesse, where the protagonist explores the inner path of the soul. This novel spawned the avant-garde of postmodern culture of the 20th century.

The plot of the book "Steppenwolf":

The novel begins with a foreword by the publisher of The Harry Haller Papers. The hero is in a crisis state of mind, and the “Treatise on the Steppenwolf” falls under his arm, which describes two sides of a person: highly moral and with the animal instincts of a wolf. Harry, a suicidal man, meets a girl named Hermine, who asks herself to be killed on orders. At the end of the book, the protagonist discovers a new world where sacrifices of the mind are needed. What is Harry ready for? And what are his victims? You will find out at the end of the story.

Hermann Hesse The writer is from Germany. Philosophical thoughts and human psychology are intertwined in his works. The literary classic of the 20th century was awarded the Nobel Prize, the Goethe Prize and the Peace Prize for writing novels. Herman's psychological experience manifests itself in his works, where he analyzes the behavior and emotions of the main characters.

Those who are interested in the work of Hermann Hesse and those who are spiritually mature enough to read philosophical literature.

How did the novel affect culture?

• Music groups such as Steppenwolf and Steppeulvene used the title of Hesse's book;
• In honor of the novel, the Artemy Troitsky Music Prize of the same name was named;
• Quote "Out of the noise comes chaos" - the slogan of the picture from the feature film "Mall" by Joe Hahn;
• Excerpts from the song "He was a Steppenwolf" by Boney M are based on the plot of the novel.

Reviews about the book "Steppenwolf":

“This book is complex, you need to go through it and only then you can realize what is happening. The author describes his life as he sees it. Readers may not agree with Herman's thoughts and actions, but the philosophical approach to the description is felt. A classy novel that leaves an aftertaste.”

“This book opened for me the amazing writer Hermann Hesse. Frankly, the work is not easy, it is difficult to put together all the thoughts of the author. The novel is full of forks and mysteries that make the brains move. And music excites from the inside and allows you to look inside your soul. Enjoy reading"

“This is the first intellectual novel that came into my hands. The reviews often write that it is hard to read and this is true. The author often refers to the expressions of Nietzsche and I involuntarily thought: “Maybe put the book aside and read Nietzsche?”. But she did not postpone the novel and did not regret it. Such literature increases self-esteem. Herman touches upon the theme of morality and spirituality of man"

The wolf is a species of carnivorous mammal from the canine family. This animal is one of the largest mammals, the ancestor of the domestic dog. The body length of this predator can reach one and a half meters, the height at the withers is up to 90 centimeters, the tail is up to 50 centimeters. The weight of the animal reaches 75 kilograms. The size of the wolf is highly dependent on the habitat. The colder the climate, the bigger the wolf. The animal is covered with thick hair, gray, brownish or yellowish.

Steppe wolves, in comparison with forest wolves, are smaller in size. Their fur is a light, dull yellow. In winter, it becomes whitish-gray. These predators are very hardy. They have strong paws and sharp teeth adapted to slaughter animals. In the steppes and deserts, wolves feed on ungulates (antelopes, saigas). In our area, steppe wolves hunt hares, foxes, partridges and geese. Wolves often attack livestock. They slaughter calves and sheep, they can even bite a weakened horse. Previously, packs of wolves attacked people in the hungry winter time. Therefore, their population was severely exterminated by man.

In the photo above - the steppe wolf.

But still, wolves benefit nature. They play the role of orderlies, exterminating sick and weakened animals. Wolves hunt in packs and can travel great distances in search of prey.

In the steppe, wolves live in ravines, on steep river banks, or in general in open spaces. They often use the burrows of foxes or marmots, expand them and breed their offspring there. During hungry periods, steppe wolves can eat reptiles, frogs and even insects. They can eat laying eggs or chicks. Wolves also eat plant foods. They can eat fruits, berries and mushrooms. Since wolves need a plentiful watering place, in the heat they often raid melons. This gives them the opportunity to replenish the body's water supply.

Wolves have a very wide range of vocalizations. Howl, howl, grunt, whimper, bark, yelp. With the help of voice, wolves transmit information to their relatives. They can report the location of prey or an enemy over a long distance. They also have an excellent sense of smell, the wolf feels the smell for 30 kilometers around.

Wolves are caring parents. A she-wolf leads up to 10 cubs, feeds them first with milk, and then with chewed meat. But wolf offspring survive only 40%. The laws of the wild are harsh. Now the habitat of these beautiful predators has significantly decreased.

Video: Gray Wolf / Gray Wolf /

Video: BBC: Battlefield. Wolves / BBC: Wolf Battlefield

Video: National Geographic: Rise of the Black Wolf

The novel is Harry Haller's notes, found in the room where he lived, and published by the nephew of the owner of the house in which he rented a room. The preface to these notes was also written on behalf of the hostess' nephew. It describes the way of life of Haller, gives his psychological portrait. He lived very quietly and secluded, looked like a stranger among people, wild and at the same time timid, in a word, seemed to be a creature from another world and called himself the Steppe Wolf, lost in the wilds of civilization and philistinism. At first, the narrator is wary of him, even hostile, because he feels in Haller a very unusual person, sharply different from everyone around him. Over time, wariness is replaced by sympathy, based on great sympathy for this suffering person, who failed to reveal all the wealth of his forces in a world where everything is based on the suppression of the will of the individual.

Galler is a scribe by nature, far from practical interests. He does not work anywhere, stays up in bed, often gets up almost at noon and spends time among books. The overwhelming majority of them are the works of writers of all times and peoples from Goethe to Dostoevsky. Sometimes he paints with watercolors, but he always somehow stays in his own world, not wanting to have anything to do with the surrounding bourgeoisie, who successfully survived the First World War. Like Haller himself, the narrator also calls him the Steppenwolf, wandering "in the cities, in the herd life - no other image can more accurately draw this man, his timid loneliness, his savagery, his anxiety, his homesickness and his homelessness." The hero feels two natures in himself - a man and a wolf, but unlike other people who pacified the beast in themselves and were accustomed to obey, “a man and a wolf did not get along in him and certainly did not help each other, but were always in mortal enmity, and one only harassed the other, and when two sworn enemies converge in one soul and in one blood, life is no good.”

Harry Haller tries to find a common language with people, but fails, communicating even with intellectuals like themselves, who turn out to be just like everyone else, respectable townsfolk. Having met a professor he knows on the street and being his guest, he cannot stand the spirit of intellectual philistinism that permeates the entire environment, starting with a sleek portrait of Goethe, “capable of decorating any philistine home,” and ending with the owner’s loyal discourses about the Kaiser. The enraged hero wanders around the city at night and understands that this episode was for him “farewell to the petty-bourgeois, moral, scientific world, full of victory for the steppe wolf” in his mind. He wants to leave this world, but he is afraid of death. He accidentally wanders into the Black Eagle restaurant, where he meets a girl named Hermina. They begin something like a romance, although it is rather a relationship of two lonely souls. Hermine, as a more practical person, helps Harry to adapt to life, introducing him to night cafes and restaurants, jazz and her friends. All this helps the hero to understand even more clearly his dependence on the “philistine, deceitful nature”: he stands for reason and humanity, protests against the cruelty of war, but during the war he did not allow himself to be shot, but managed to adapt to the situation, found a compromise, he is an opponent power and exploitation, but in the bank he has many shares of industrial enterprises, on the interest from which he lives without a twinge of conscience.

Reflecting on the role of classical music, Haller sees in his reverent attitude towards it "the fate of the entire German intelligentsia": instead of knowing life, the German intellectual submits to the "hegemony of music", dreams of a language without words, "capable of expressing the inexpressible", longs to go into a world of marvelous and blissful sounds and moods that “never become reality”, and as a result - “the German mind missed most of its true tasks ... intelligent people, everyone completely did not know reality, were alien to it and hostile, and therefore in our German reality, in our history, in our politics, in our public opinion, the role of the intellect has been so miserable. Reality is determined by the generals and industrialists, who consider the intellectuals to be "unnecessary, divorced from reality, irresponsible company of witty talkers." In these reflections of the hero and the author, apparently, lies the answer to many "cursed" questions of German reality and, in particular, to the question of why one of the most cultured nations in the world unleashed two world wars that almost destroyed humanity.

At the end of the novel, the hero goes to a masquerade ball, where he plunges into the element of eroticism and jazz. In search of Hermina, disguised as a young man and defeating women with "lesbian magic", Harry finds himself in the basement of a restaurant - "hell", where devil musicians play. The atmosphere of the masquerade reminds the hero of Walpurgis Night in Goethe's Faust (masks of devils, wizards, the time of day is midnight) and Hoffmann's fabulous visions, already perceived as a parody of Hoffmann, where good and evil, sin and virtue are indistinguishable: "... the intoxicating dance of masks has become Gradually, the petals tempted me with their fragrance like some crazy, fantastic paradise […] snakes seductively looked at me from the green shade of foliage, a lotus flower hovered over a black quagmire, firebirds on the branches beckoned me ... "The hero fleeing from the world The German romantic tradition demonstrates a split or multiplication of personality: in it a philosopher and a dreamer, a music lover gets along with a murderer. This takes place in the "magic theater" ("entrance only for madmen"), where Galler gets with the help of Hermine's friend, saxophonist Pablo, an expert on narcotic herbs. Fantasy and reality merge. Haller kills Hermine - either a harlot or his muse, meets the great Mozart, who reveals to him the meaning of life - she should not be taken too seriously: “You must live and must learn to laugh ... you must learn to listen to the damned radio music of life ... and laugh at it turmoil." Humor is necessary in this world - it should keep from despair, help to keep reason and faith in a person. Then Mozart turns into Pablo, and he convinces the hero that life is identical to the game, the rules of which must be strictly observed. The hero consoles himself with the fact that someday he will be able to play again.

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Hermann Hesse

"Steppenwolf"

Summary

The novel is Harry Haller's notes, found in the room where he lived, and published by the nephew of the owner of the house in which he rented a room. The preface to these notes was also written on behalf of the hostess' nephew. It describes the way of life of Haller, gives his psychological portrait. He lived very quietly and closed, looked like a stranger among people, wild and timid at the same time, in a word, seemed to be a creature from another world and called himself the Steppe Wolf, lost in the wilds of civilization and philistinism. At first, the narrator is wary of him, even hostile, because he feels in Haller a very unusual person, sharply different from everyone around him. Over time, wariness is replaced by sympathy, based on great sympathy for this suffering person, who failed to reveal all the wealth of his forces in a world where everything is based on the suppression of the will of the individual.

Galler is a scribe by nature, far from practical interests. He does not work anywhere, stays in bed, often gets up almost at noon and spends time among books. The overwhelming majority of them are the works of writers of all times and peoples from Goethe to Dostoevsky. Sometimes he paints with watercolors, but he always somehow stays in his own world, not wanting to have anything to do with the surrounding bourgeoisie, who successfully survived the First World War. Like Haller himself, the narrator also calls him the Steppenwolf, wandering "in the cities, in the herd life - no other image can more accurately draw this man, his timid loneliness, his savagery, his anxiety, his homesickness and his homelessness." The hero feels two natures in himself - a man and a wolf, but unlike other people who pacified the beast in themselves and were accustomed to obey, “a man and a wolf did not get along in him and certainly did not help each other, but were always in mortal enmity, and one only harassed the other, and when two sworn enemies converge in one soul and in one blood, life is no good.”

Harry Haller tries to find a common language with people, but fails, communicating even with intellectuals like themselves, who turn out to be just like everyone else, respectable townsfolk. Having met a professor he knows on the street and being his guest, he cannot stand the spirit of intellectual philistinism that permeates the entire environment, starting with a sleek portrait of Goethe, “capable of decorating any philistine home,” and ending with the owner’s loyal discourses about the Kaiser. The enraged hero wanders around the city at night and understands that this episode was for him “farewell to the philistine, moral, learned world, full of victory for the steppe wolf” in his mind. He wants to leave this world, but he is afraid of death. He accidentally wanders into the Black Eagle restaurant, where he meets a girl named Hermina. They begin something like a romance, although it is rather a relationship of two lonely souls. Hermine, as a more practical person, helps Harry to adapt to life, introducing him to night cafes and restaurants, jazz and her friends. All this helps the hero to understand even more clearly his dependence on the “petty-bourgeois, deceitful nature”: he stands for reason and humanity, protests against the cruelty of war, but during the war he did not allow himself to be shot, but managed to adapt to the situation, found a compromise, he is an opponent power and exploitation, but in the bank he has many shares of industrial enterprises, on the interest from which he lives without a twinge of conscience.

Reflecting on the role of classical music, Haller sees in his reverent attitude towards it "the fate of the entire German intelligentsia": instead of knowing life, the German intellectual submits to the "hegemony of music", dreams of a language without words, "capable of expressing the inexpressible", longs to go into a world of marvelous and blissful sounds and moods that "never become reality", and as a result - "the German mind missed most of its true tasks ... intelligent people, everyone completely did not know reality, were alien to it and hostile, and therefore in our German reality, in our history, in our politics, in our public opinion, the role of the intellect has been so miserable. Reality is determined by the generals and industrialists, who consider the intellectuals to be "unnecessary, divorced from reality, irresponsible company of witty talkers." In these reflections of the hero and the author, apparently, lies the answer to many "cursed" questions of German reality and, in particular, to the question of why one of the most cultured nations in the world unleashed two world wars that almost destroyed humanity.

At the end of the novel, the hero goes to a masquerade ball, where he plunges into the element of eroticism and jazz. In search of Hermina, disguised as a young man and defeating women with "lesbian magic", Harry finds himself in the basement of the restaurant - "hell", where devil musicians play. The atmosphere of the masquerade reminds the hero of Walpurgis Night in Goethe's Faust (masks of devils, wizards, the time of day is midnight) and Hoffmann's fairy tale visions, already perceived as a parody of Hoffmann, where good and evil, sin and virtue are indistinguishable: "... the drunken dance of masks has become Gradually, some crazy, fantastic paradise, one after another, the petals seduced me with their fragrance<…>snakes looked seductively at me from the green shadow of foliage, a lotus flower hovered over a black bog, firebirds on the branches beckoned me ... "The hero of the German romantic tradition fleeing from the world demonstrates a split or multiplication of personality: in him a philosopher and a dreamer, a music lover gets along with a murderer . This takes place in the "magic theater" ("entrance only for madmen"), where Galler gets with the help of Hermine's friend, saxophonist Pablo, an expert on narcotic herbs. Fantasy and reality merge. Haller kills Hermine - either a harlot or his muse, meets the great Mozart, who reveals to him the meaning of life - she should not be taken too seriously: “You must live and must learn to laugh ... you must learn to listen to the damned radio music of life ... and laugh at it turmoil." Humor is necessary in this world - it should keep you from despair, help you keep your mind and faith in a person. Then Mozart turns into Pablo, and he convinces the hero that life is identical to the game, the rules of which must be strictly observed. The hero is comforted by the fact that someday he will be able to play again.

The work is a story by Harry Haller, who was found in the room where he lived. This story was published by the nephew of the owner of this house. The narrator, in the person of his nephew, is at first wary of Haller. Subsequently, he speaks of him with sympathy, which he imbued with the Steppenwolf because of the suffering of the latter in this world, where the basis of all laws is the suppression of the individual.

At its core, Galer was a bookworm. He was far from the interests of this world. A large number of works in the Haller library are writers of all times. Starting from Goethe and ending with Dostoevsky. Ingoda Galler paints, but still lives in her closed world. He does not want to associate his life with such a society that strives for everything material. Like Galler himself, his nephew calls him the Steppenwolf, in which two different creatures cannot get along. Those who have suppressed resistance to the practical world live happily in it. But this does not apply to Haller, who cannot experience in himself the struggle of a free wolf and a resigned man.

Harry tries to find a common language with society, but fails. Communicating with people like himself, he finds them the same as all respectable inhabitants. Even a meeting on the street with a familiar professor and the subsequent conversation makes Haller feel that everything in this world is saturated with philistinism. He's furious. A walk through the city at night leads him to the Black Eagle restaurant, where he meets a girl named Hermina. They begin a relationship that for the most part can be described as a meeting of two lonely people. Hermine tries to help Harry adjust to life in society. They go to restaurants and clubs. She introduces him to her friends. However, this only helped the hero to strengthen his feeling that he was alone in this world of continuous philistinism. He preaches to treat each other more reasonably and humanely. He considers himself an opponent of a cruel war, but at the same time he did not allow himself to be shot and adapted to the current situation. He is against everything material, but in the bank he has shares of some companies, on the dividends from which he lives.

Considering the influence of classical music, Haller sees in a reverent attitude towards it, the fate of the entire German society. He believes that the German intelligentsia is at the mercy of the hegemony of music, instead of knowing life as it is. The result of his reflections is that the German mind missed most of its real tasks. The German intelligentsia did not know about the real state of affairs. Therefore, as Galler argued, in all echelons of power, there is such a pathetic semblance of intelligence. The realities of today's world are determined by martinets and businessmen who consider the intelligentsia to be the dregs of society, an unnecessary link in German reality. In such reasoning of the hero and the author of the work, lies the answer to some urgent questions. In particular, to the question of why such a cultured nation was involved in the outcome of two world wars.

At the end, Galler goes to a masquerade ball, where he has an attack of a split personality. Under the influence of this state, he kills Hermina, who was disguised as a boy. He then meets Mozart, who turns into Pablo. He says that in life it is necessary to adapt to the rules of the game. And Harry consoles himself with the fact that he will be able to play again someday.