The first "ship" made of flexible rods, sheathed in bark and then in leather, was intended for short trips and, according to scientists, was familiar to the Eastern Slavs from ancient times. The wicker basket is quickly replaced by a more comfortable one-tree canoe for swimming. In Russia it was built like this. A cut down huge tree, most often an aspen, an oak or a linden, was given an elongated shape. In order to finally correct the contours of the ship, the resulting deck was steamed and “butchered” with stakes.

Sometimes the core of the deck was pre-cut to a third of the thickness. There was another way to make a deck. Shipbuilders made a crack in a living tree trunk for the entire length of the boat, gradually, year after year, driving wedges and struts into it so as to achieve the desired shape of the future hull. Only after that the tree was cut down, and the excess wood was burned or hollowed out.

From the inside, the deck was filled with water and kept in this state for about a week. After the “water procedures”, fire was laid out along the deck. The tree rebuked, became flexible. Now it was already possible to insert the so-called springs into the hull - primitive lightweight frames. The basis of the skirt was a cocord - hewn spruce ridge, which had a natural curvature. The painstaking work on the boat hull sometimes took up to five years!

The first Russian canoe-odnoderevka was found in 1878-1882. expedition A.A. Inostrantseva on the shore of Lake Ladoga. The age attributed by historians to this small vessel, only 3.5 m long and 0.86 m wide, is enormous - about four and a half thousand years. The Slavs for a long time did not want to part with light one-trees. Archaeological finds confirm that even in modern times, the ancestors of the Russians continued to build boats “in the old fashioned way”, however, at least doubling their size. Frames, which received the right to life only in the 10th century, made it possible to build up the sides of the boat with sheathing, which means making it more spacious. The Russian canoe, sheathed smooth with boards that were planted on spikes, began to be called a nasada. The ancient nasada floated in Russian waters right up to the end of the 15th century, until it was finally supplanted by type-setting ships.

Shuttle-odnoderevka

Sheathing is a method of sheathing wooden ships, in which the joints between the boards were smooth.

The third most time-consuming type of vessel in Ancient Russia was the “padded boat” - the successor to the boat, created in the 10th century. for trading voyages and military campaigns. Compared to her counterparts, she had higher sides. Racks were attached to the sides, and several planks were nailed to them, in turn. Such a simple improvement significantly increased the internal dimensions of the boat, and most importantly, its carrying capacity and stability. A light vessel no more than twenty meters long could take on board no less than 15 tons of cargo. After the completion of the “packed boats”, they were equipped with oars (for rowing and steering), anchors, a mast with a small straight sail and simple rigging. The rapids of the Dnieper, through which the boats were dragged by portage, did not allow the shipbuilders to significantly increase the length of these ships. Despite this, the Russian boats, plowing the waters of the Black Sea up and down, were perfectly adapted for long-distance voyages.

Russian boat

In the ninth century Russian merchants become frequent guests at the Constantinople market. The laws of competition, apparently, acted even then. In the spring of 860 in Constantinople, several Russian merchants were captured. The story of the hostages quickly developed further. Having assembled a powerful flotilla of 250 different ships, the Russians immediately laid siege to Constantinople, more than paying off its treacherous citizens. This and other sea campaigns of the Eastern Slavs to Byzantium undoubtedly did their job: they went on for many years, and the trade of Russian merchants with the East and West remained duty-free.

In the growing strength of Kievan Rus in the XII century. large deck boats are ubiquitous. Unlike other types of Slavic ships, they had a solid plank deck that covered the rowers from above. On the equally pointed extremities there was a steering oar - potes, which made it possible, without turning the boat, to quickly change its course. In ancient chronicles, a Russian vessel of this type was called not only a “lodya”, but also a ship, a skedia, a naseda. Of course, twenty meters long, three wide and forty people of the crew - quite a bit for a ship, and yet it was a real ship. Gradually, "Mr. Veliky Novgorod" is coming to the fore among shipbuilding centers. And no wonder: it was through him that the glorious path “from the Varangians to the Greeks” passed (from

Baltic waters along the system of rivers to the Black - the Arabs called it Russian - the sea). Meta and Tvertsa connected the great city with the Volga and the Caspian Sea, Shelon with Pskov, and the Svir and the waterways of Lake Onega with the northeastern countries. In the middle of the 11th century, when the state of Yaroslav the Wise broke up into hostile principalities, the importance of river and sea transit routes was greatly shaken. From that moment on, Novgorod shipbuilding began to develop independently, independently of Kyiv.

Novgorod ship

History has preserved a lot of evidence of the power of the Slavic navy, although the Slavs did not differ in the aggressiveness characteristic of many northern peoples. So, throughout the X century. military operations of the Slavs at sea took a total of no more than 9-10 years. But in the middle of the XII century, the Swedish king Eric, who conquered Finland, manages to penetrate the mouth of the Volkhov and besiege the city of Ladoga.

The atrocities of the invaders did not last long. Prince Svyatoslav with the naval squad who came to the rescue defeated the Swedes, capturing 43 out of 55 enemy ships. Subsequently, the Novgorodians brutally took revenge on the strangers for this daring raid. Through the stream of the Stockzund, at which Stockholm later grew, they, entering Lake Mellar, attacked the rich coastal city of Sigtuna. The famous Sigtun trophy - a luxurious bronze gate - still stands in Novgorod, near the southwestern facade of St. Sophia Cathedral.

Kochmar

Novgorodians, who for a long time held in their hands the key exits to the White Sea, were forced to sail in extreme conditions, protecting their sea routes and trades from rivals. Gradually, a new type of ships knocked together from boards is being formed, convenient for moving by portage from one river to another. They were a flat-bottomed light shitik and a boat "ushki". Rumors about river ears started in the 13th century, when the freemen of Novgorod began to indulge in frequent raids on their Slavic neighbors.

These were light, shallow-draft rowing punts capable of accommodating up to 30 warriors. Abalone up to 14 meters long was built more thoroughly. The set and plating of the vessel were made of durable pine wood. The shipbuilders carved a bar keel from a single tree trunk. The ship had stems - straight vertical or with a slight outward slope (the stem was higher than the stern). The frames were made up of two or three branches, hewn along the plane of contact with the skin. In the bow and stern, holds with hatches were fenced off with bulkheads, where food and valuable luggage were stored. The middle part of the ushkuy was left open for rowers.

Fishing, which was in a special honor among the Slavs, brought the Novgorod settlers to the shores of the northern seas.

Pomeranian karbas

A straight sail is a sail that is fixed across the vessel with the help of yards.

An oblique sail is a sail that is attached along the ship.

Gradually, the Pomors become the same masters of the Baltic as the Normans. Starting from the XII century. Pomors, who traded foxes, reached Grumant (Svalbard), and colonies of Slavs appeared even on the shores of England. The harsh North dictated its conditions to the shipbuilders, and the Pomors began to build new, unlike the others, ships: aspen, ranypins, kochmars, shnyaks. The fishing shnyaks did not have a common deck. To the bow of the transverse bulkhead was placed a mast about 6 m high with a straight or sprint sail.

The largest (about 12 m) shnyaks carried a low second mast with a gaff sail at the stern. The vessel was equipped with a mounted rudder with a long tiller. Fast aspen boats, equipped with a crew of shnyaks, transported a rich catch to the coast. The most popular among small vessels were sailing and rowing karbas. Karbas could have a deck, or he could do without it, but skids, attached on both sides of the bottom parallel to the keel, always remained an obligatory attribute of this vessel. With the help of skids, the ship moved easily on the ice.

In the invention of the windthrower, an ancient device for determining the course of a ship, historians give the palm to the Pomors. The device of the windthrower was simple: rods were inserted into a wooden disk - one in the middle and 32 around the circumference. The main points were called akin to the four cardinal points. Bearing with a windthrower the signs specially installed on the shore, the coast-dwellers determined the course of the vessel. In the absence of landmarks, the course was set at noon according to the sun, and at night - according to the North Star.

Pomeranian Koch

Sprint sail - a quadrangular sail stretched diagonally by a sprit sail.

Gaff sail - an oblique sail attached to the gaff.

or varom and closed with slats on staples. The underwater part of the ship's hull had a rounded shape, the bow and stern were somewhat raised. Due to the streamlined shape, the koch, caught in the ice vice, seemed to be “squeezed out” to the surface, while remaining unharmed. The anchor was raised with the help of a gate installed on the deck. In the stern they arranged a treasury - a small cabin for the captain and clerk. The ship's crew, consisting of only 10-15 people, not counting the fishermen, was located in the hold. The uncomplicated sailing armament included a mast and a straight sail, sewn from leather at first, and then canvas. The oars, sail and tailwind allowed the koch to reach a speed of 6-7 knots. To communicate with the shore, there were always one or two small boats on the cochs.

Pomeranian ship

Pomeranian kochi, which remained “in service” for many centuries, laid the foundation for the further development of Russian navigation. It is these ships, in the XVIII century. having finally conquered the water space along the northern coasts of Europe and Asia, they became the prototype of the navy created under Peter I. They also played a significant role in the geographical discoveries of the 16th-17th centuries. (remember, for example, S. Dezhnev, who first descended on a koch along the Indigirka to the Arctic Ocean and reached the Alazeya River by sea).

But experts consider the sea (in the annals of the 13th century “overseas”) boat, armed with three masts, to be the fastest ship that sailed long distances in northern waters. The first two of them carried straight rake sails, and the last one carried gaff sails. Tailwind, blowing almost half a thousand square meters. meters of sailing equipment of a sea boat, forced it to pass up to 300 km per day. At the same time, she could carry up to 200 tons of cargo. (By the way, in terms of displacement and carrying capacity, Slavic sea boats were significantly superior to other northern ships. So, the San Antonio of the famous F. Magellan could take on board only 120 tons.)

In length, the boat reached 18-25m, and in width - 5-8m. "Overseas" boats were the first fully stacked flat-bottomed ships with a transom stern and a mounted rudder. The ship's hull was divided by bulkheads into three compartments. The crew lived in the forward compartment. There was also a brick oven for cooking. The aft compartment was assigned to the helmsman. In the middle between the bow and stern was a cargo hold. The set of the hull was fastened with dowels or nails, after which it was sheathed with smooth planks.

Pomeranian boat

Transom stern - stern in the form of a flat cut.

One of the oldest and most famous dynasties of Novgorod shipbuilders is the Amosov family. In the XIV century. Trifon Amosov, the grandson of one of the first Russian sailors who hunted animals in the White and Kara Seas, moved from Novgorod to Kholmogory, where he began the construction of a shipyard, which became the mother of the first large Russian ships sailing in the northern ice. The hulls of the largest of them were given a shape reminiscent of the contours of modern icebreakers. The bow and stern of the Kholmogory ships were made with a high lift, and the sides - with a significant collapse. The ship was steered with a hinged rudder. The traditions of the glorious Amosov family were followed by their descendants, who built in the 19th century. such famous ships as the frigate "Pallada", the 110-gun ship "Rostislav", the brig "Mercury" and many other ships of the Russian fleet.

How wooden boats are built aslan wrote in February 6th, 2016

In the yacht port "Hercules" there is a shipyard, where a grandiose project is being implemented to build from scratch (one might say, by historical reconstruction) one of the greatest ships in the history of the Russian Navy "Poltava". Anyone can come here on an excursion, the cost is 300 rubles for an adult and 200 for a child, but if you come with the whole family, then the total cost will be 500 for everyone.

Project "Poltava" complex, if only due to the fact that the available detailed documentation, complete drawings or images in color, have not been preserved. Research in the archives is still ongoing. In 2013, a theoretical model of the ship was made, based on data from similar ships.

It is planned that "Poltava" will become a scientific, cultural, research and pedagogical center for the study of the maritime history of the city and the country. But even now, excursion groups are allowed into the shipyard every day, where everyone can appreciate the work of reenactors (among which there are many historians and philosophers, and not just carpenters) and feel the power of the ship still under construction. And the skeleton that stands in the dry dock is huge. It barely fits into the lens, so I even had to make a panorama.

At the entrance we are met by the plan of the complex - everything can be studied, where everything is located.

First we go to the house of the ship's master, where we are waiting for the guide and at the same time we are warming ourselves, because. It's not May outside, and everyone is already pretty cold.
It will certainly be interesting for children here - they can take part in master classes in lithography, sewing sails and making themed souvenirs.

Our guide Oksana conducts a preliminary briefing - take the children by the hand, everyone should only follow the guide, do not fight back, do not disperse, do not stand on heavy and seemingly strong pieces of wood.

"Poltava" is built from oaks, and trees of a certain thickness and curvature searched almost all over Russia. Trees aged 100-200 years are used for construction, but, as we were told, instead of one felled oak, 4 new ones are planted.

At the entrance to the huge hangar there is a memo on how to tie various knots.

And here is the first look from the entrance to the bare skeleton of the future ship. First impression - wow, the dimensions are impressive. Second - what a wonderful smell of wood is worth here. Third - how wildly cold here! Yes, since we were here on a weekend, when the masters are not working, the heating is turned off. Therefore, running in advance, I will say, despite the fact that everyone was satisfied and impressed, they were wildly cold.

They say that tourist groups are not allowed here. We were allowed to go inside. There was a feeling as if you were inside a huge fish, and you see its skeleton.
By the way, 1,800 oak trees will be spent on the construction of Poltava.

We looked at all sorts of interesting little details with interest. For example, here is a strange "Buck thing".

The drawing is real, you have to believe it.

And this is a special place on the floor where the desired detail is drawn.
Actually, the part itself hangs from above.

I wonder why this master is so?

The story about master Kuzma is generally touching. Here he gently asks the detail not to be touched, for he worked on it for several days.

Skeleton.

We rise to the balcony of the dock. There are posters with historical facts on the walls.
Here, for example, are 2 completely different types and colors of the Poltava stern. Which one do you like better? I'm blue. Although historians are more inclined to the option on the right.

The complete appearance of the ship is only on a black-and-white engraving by Picart from 1717.

Here are photographs of all sorts of interesting historical documents that you could look at for a long time if it weren't so cold.

But such drawings turned out after several years of research.

Medvedik Kuzya decided to take a selfie together with pink_mathilda against the background of the future museum ship.

We still had to go out into the street and completely freeze to make a volley from the cannon. The view here is beautiful.

There is a monument with a ship's bell. Do you see a squirrel? And she is.

And so?
What the artist was thinking about, placing the squirrel on the ship's bell, apparently, only he knows. Maybe it's the muse?

Cannons are solid. At first they were cast at the Kirov Plant, but now the order has been transferred to the Izhora Plants. Actually, the whole technology of casting guns had to be invented anew - in the 21st century - casting guns is still a unique occupation.

And then we finally went into the heat! :) These are masts, yardarms, topmasts, bombranstengs and a bunch of other poorly remembered names. It was a discovery for me that they are not made entirely of pine, and are assembled in pieces with an internal hollow space. It turns out that ordinary physics - breaking a "tube" is much more difficult than just a stick. And on top is a stub.

Sails are sewn one floor above, but we were not allowed to go there, because it is too dangerous :) The sails are laid out on the floor there, and they can be very easily damaged.

By the way, they do not plan to install an engine in the sailboat so that the ship is as close as possible to the realities of the 18th century. But then I hardly understand how it will float along the Neva on the night of the Scarlet Sails - there are plans that the Swedish sailing ship will be replaced by the patriotic "Poltava".

For the tour I would like to express my gratitude to the head of the excursion service of the shipyard "Poltava" Oksana Roda, for freezing with us and showing so many interesting things.

Taken from ta_samaya This is how Poltava is being built. Excursion to the historic shipyard

If you have a production or service that you want to tell our readers about, write to me - Aslan ( [email protected] index.ru) and we will make the best report, which will be seen not only by the readers of the community, but also by the site http://ikaketosdelano.ru

Subscribe also to our groups in facebook, vkontakte,classmates and in google+plus, where the most interesting things from the community will be posted, plus materials that are not here and a video about how things work in our world.

Click on the icon and subscribe!

"Trees and shrubs in winter" - Summer Winter. Protect the wealth of the forests, guard Attentive, vigilant children's patrol! Grow in the forest: ASPEN. "Learning to distinguish between trees and shrubs in winter." Grow in the forest: CURRANT. The beauty of the Mordovian forest is priceless, Green gold is our forests. What will we learn in the lesson? Practical work. Spring Autumn.

"Machines for wood" - Machine tools for wood. This group of equipment includes circular and trimming machines. Milling machines for wood. Circular saws. The copier allows you to produce a large number of identical parts. Technology presentation. Wood lathes. Band saws for wood.

"Spaceship Sputnik" - Zvezdochka was the last to visit space three weeks before Yuri Gagarin's launch. The dogs Chaika and Chanterelle died in the accident. November 3, 1957 The spacecraft was controlled automatically, as well as by the astronaut. August 20, 1960. 2011 The launch was successful. The dog died from the fever. Man in space. The spacecraft consisted of two compartments.

"Trees shrubs grass" - Plants live everywhere: in meadows, forests, steppes, mountains, seas and oceans. In the forest, plants are arranged in tiers: trees, shrubs, herbs. How are herbs different from trees and shrubs? The influence of plants on humans is varied. Shrubs have several rather thin lignified stems - stems.

"Trees in winter" - Birch. Large, long cones hang at the ends of the branches. Maple is easily distinguished from other plants by its winged propellers. Pine cones are short, with round scales. Oak. A tree with a black, slightly wrinkled trunk and strong thick branches. Linden. Maple. Pine. Spruce. We learned that they grow in the Peter and Paul Park.

"Trees in the Forest" - Don't break the bushes! Which forest is noisy, and which rustles? And I'm high and mighty I'm not afraid of thunderstorms or clouds. Sticky buds, Green leaves, With white bark Stands under the mountain. Quiz. Mixed. What wood is the pencil made from? Do not pour any muck on the ground, Full of fairy tales and miracles! Which coniferous tree loses its needles in autumn?

How complicated is the design of an old sailing ship. Hull, plating, decks, carvings, spars… Hundreds of knots and parts! And for each of them it is necessary to choose the right wood. You are just planning a new model, and the problem of choosing and acquiring the right material is already looming menacingly on the horizon. This question cannot but excite you, even if you are a supporter of the classical model school and are going to strictly follow the real prototype sailboat in color. What can we say about the adherents of the traditional Russian and French schools, who are used to imitating the color of the ship by choosing the colors of the wood! ..

To begin with, let's define the main criteria for choosing wood species for modeling:

• Wood texture. It should be small, discreet, so that the impression of the scale of any wooden part on the ship is created. Drawing, annual rings should not stand out much - it is better if they are almost invisible.
• Colour. Wood can vary greatly in color, and its primary colors - white, yellow, red, brown - are represented by a mass of shades. It is advisable to select wood species, the color of which at least approximately corresponds to the materials used and the color of the parts on a real sailboat.
• Hardness (strength). For the manufacture of even relatively large and uncomplicated parts, it is better to give preference to hardwoods, since their surface is less damaged during work on the model, it has practically no pile and is easily sanded.
• compatibility and contrast. For the manufacture of parts and components of the model adjacent to each other (such as: deck - side, deck - detailing, side sheathing - decor), you will have to choose not only wood species that match in color and pattern, but also play on the contrast of their colors. So, for example, if the deck of the model is not very light, then slightly darker detailing will simply be lost on it. On the contrary, with a light deck, dark detailing will look cold and emphasized in contrast, but this effect can be muted by the warm color of the skin inside the sides.

These are just general principles. But it is on them that all my further recommendations are based on the choice of wood for individual units and structural elements of the model.

Frame. There are many techniques for making the body of the model, but only a few of them are related to the processing of wood. For hulls hollowed out of solid or glued timber, it is better to use soft rocks as a material - linden, white-barreled birch, young maple or alder. Linden wood with a fine uniform texture - the material is practically waste-free! - it is also used for sandwich hulls, composite frames, plating (mainly primary) of the hull and deck plating. On linden, it is easy to drive out the exact contours of the body, as it is well polished. The light color of linden, from almost white to light creamy, most often implies some kind of surface finish (impregnation and varnishing). In addition, it must be taken into account that linden, although it behaves perfectly in processing, often turns out to be too fragile and soft. Dents and scratches will easily appear on it, the thin sides of the case run the risk of being too fragile, and when drilling and sawing, the edges may simply crumble. To maintain even edges when working with linden, special care is needed. Linden bends relatively easily, but it is better to do it under the influence of steam, again due to the fragility of the wood.

The wood of birch, maple or alder is certainly stronger, but the choice of blank must be approached with care - the old, darker birch or alder is too dense and you will have to sweat a lot before you plan and gouge the model's body from the inside.

But it turns out that not every soft wood is good for the body of the model! If you take the risk of taking pine, when grinding the blanks, harder annual rings will begin to appear and it will be very problematic to remove the contours. Yes, and the causticity of this tree is very high.

Deck flooring. It is no secret that the deck of an old sailboat has always been carefully scoured by sailors, and therefore it is recommended to choose light wood species for deck flooring. Lilac sapwood is suitable for micromodels: its texture is best suited to small scales. Lilac has a very hard, dense and durable wood (comparable in hardness to boxwood) of the color of coffee with milk and a beautiful white sapwood. True, this material is processed and cut with difficulty. In addition, lilac is poorly tinted, which limits its use in modeling to "deck" works.

Maple and birch are traditionally considered the best choices for decking, and with good reason. Their advantages are the absence of beats in shade and the direct grain of the wood. The birch sapwood is creamy white with a silky sheen, and the heartwood is a very pale brown. Maple has an even lighter, even tone (almost white). Both of these materials are quite strong and flexible (especially maple), are easy to process and grind, and have smooth edges when carved. Try to work with maple at least once - and you will not be able to refuse this material. I won’t be surprised if you later find some other useful use for maple - for example, make a frame set from it, underwater plating or spars.
But I do not advise using a light pear or its white sapwood for the manufacture of deck flooring. Over time, after 2-3 years, the wood will naturally darken, and some of the boards will be uneven - and instead of a deck you will get ... a "zebra"!

Board lining. If the hull of the model is not painted, then it is advisable to choose a material for the outer skin of the side that is darker than for the inner skin. And here the southern walnut is truly indispensable with its hard, dense wood, which has a wide range of shades - from dark brown to light yellow-brown. However, when cutting the blank, you will have to make a selection, since walnut wood, as a rule, has pronounced annual rings. A successful selection is easy to process and grind, and, at the same time, is not subject to deformation or splitting. When cutting and carving, the walnut behaves perfectly, but it is not always possible to obtain high-quality small parts. On the other hand, thin walnut cladding boards are durable, do not chip and bend beautifully when heated. The carefully selected structure of the walnut can also be used for large structural elements such as frames, keel and rudder.

walnut wood

More traditional materials for board sheathing are mountain pear, apple, plum, apricot wood. Flexible, very popular among modellers, the apple tree is well tinted, easily stained, but requires very careful polishing of the surface.

Detailing. In the manufacture of detailing, located on the deck, it is worth adhering to one main principle. All components and parts must be of the same color, minor differences are allowed only in tone. If, for example, you choose a dark cherry manila for gun carriages, and make rooster gratings and bits from a light apple tree, then the appearance of the model will suffer - its style will be violated, the necessary accents will be lost.Wood for detailing must be selected especially carefully, since often the size of details in the chosen scale does not exceed a few millimeters. The best varieties of wood with a very fine pattern and high density are, first of all, pear, apple, plum, walnut and a number of exotic species (manila, merbau, wenge, etc.)

pear wood

Pear is generally uniform in color and has a beautiful, densely grained wood with a very fine texture. Pear wood can run a gamut of shades from creamy to pinkish brown with white sapwood. The pear can be easily turned, polished perfectly, bends under the influence of steam. Pear wood is cut with even, neat edges, so it is convenient to use it not only for deck details, but also for making the smallest blocks and yufers. It is no less good for sheathing, spars and carvings.

Manila is a great counterpart to mahogany, but with a finer texture. Its dense wood is close to boxwood in strength, which allows you to spread the manila into thin boards (up to 0.5 mm). Such "molding" is indispensable in the manufacture of rooster gratings, ladders, hatches, gun carriages. Rich color and silky implicit texture make the manila very attractive for modeling. Of course, in small volumes, since this is a very expensive material.

Stern window frames. Bamboo is perfect for their manufacture, from which manually, by splitting and pulling, it is easy to get neat, thinnest slats (up to 0.3 mm). This property of bamboo is also useful in the manufacture of other small details - for example, dowels or studs with a diameter of up to 0.5 mm, used to fasten planks.

Boxwood samples

Carved ornaments should be made of dense, plastic and, most importantly, not prickly wood. You will especially feel the importance of the last requirement when you take on cut-out decorations, for example, vegetable curls 2-3 mm in size. The king among materials for "thin" carving is, of course, boxwood. It is quite expensive and rare. It has a fine, very dense wood with an implicitly uniform texture and a very expressive, individual color from creamy to bright yellow. Boxwood is relatively difficult to cut even with a very sharp tool, but the effort is worth it. This tree behaves excellently when processed, does not splinter, retains sharp edges even on the smallest details, which allows you to work out complex carvings well, regardless of scale. In addition to carving, boxwood can be used to make blocks, eyelets, dowels and ducks. In this case, it has to be tinted.

If you prefer to cut on soft material, you should look at the apple tree or pear, although the latter often splits easily.

Buer: pear carving

Spars. For details of the spars on any scale, a mountain pear is perfect, which has my favorite color of boiled condensed milk and a very fine, uniform texture. In the manufacture of spars, you can also use maple, American walnut, cedar or small-layer spruce (more than 10 annual rings per 1 cm section) - but only for large scales! Naturally, the entire set of spars for the model must be made from one tree species, and the blanks for masts and yards are most carefully matched to each other in color and tone. Another thing is when the elements of the spars initially have a different color. If, for example, you took up the construction of a Russian ship of the 19th century, then the columns of its masts can be made from white maple, topmasts and bram-topmasts - from pear, and yards - from the same, but pre-tinted pear or ebony.

Spars (masts - pear, yards - ebony)

Instead of a conclusion

So, we decided on the choice of wood for the model. The question remains where to get it, especially rare and valuable breeds. I think you don’t have to saw your grandmother’s antique piano for firewood or sacrifice your favorite apple tree from the country garden. Today, wood (including exotic) is offered in abundance by model stores, parquet parquet shops and even some shops from furniture factories.

Author - Dmitriy Kalmykov
Exclusive to ModelsWorld
Reprint and publication on other resources
possible with the permission of the site administration
and a mandatory link to the resource.
Contact [email protected]

My blog is found by the following phrases

What wood were the ships made from? and got the best answer

Answer from Moonlight Sonata[guru]
From the breed that was available in the region.
One of the earliest varieties of Egyptian ships, which appeared about 5 thousand years BC. e. , there was a bar. It is known to modern scientists from several models installed in ancient temples. Since Egypt is very poor in forests, papyrus was widely used to build the first ships. The features of this material determined the design and shape of the ancient Egyptian courts. It was a sickle-shaped boat, bound from bundles of papyrus, with a bow and stern curved upward. To give the ship strength, the hull was pulled together with cables. Later, when regular trade with the Phoenicians was established and Lebanese cedar began to arrive in Egypt in large quantities, the tree began to be widely used in shipbuilding.

Previously, even the largest ships were built entirely of oak. The strength and durability of oak hulls is amazing. From the bottom of the Stockholm Bay, it was possible to raise the 64-gun frigate "Vaza", which sank here, by the way, from the loss of stability during a squall, in August 1628! The oak hull that lay at the bottom of 333 years was so well preserved that the ship was turned into a museum. In the Central Naval Museum in Leningrad, one can see a boat hollowed out of an oak trunk, which is ten times "older". Russian ships were built not from bog oak, but from larch, it was heavy, relatively soft, but did not rot and served 10 times longer than oak.
From other hardwoods, elm and ash are still traditionally used in shipbuilding; their wood has the same strength as oak wood. The shipyards of sports shipbuilding use light and very beautiful mahogany wood - mahogany, brought from Africa and South America. Yachts of the highest quality are built with mahogany cladding, and their surface part is usually not painted, but only varnished. Mehogoni wood is brownish-red or brown; it almost does not get wet, is very resistant to decay, almost does not warp or crack.
Source:

Answer from 2 answers[guru]

Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: what wood were the ships made of?

Answer from Alina[guru]
yew. (mahogany and does not rot)

Answer from Max aka Huny[guru]
In the old days, ships were made of oak

Answer from Charm[active]
Red tree

Answer from Alexey Valyaev[guru]
teak

Answer from Yoibiryak[guru]
And they forgot about the pine!
In shipbuilding, three varieties of ship pine were used:
1. Yellow pine. Due to its lightness, strength, strength and elasticity, it went mainly to parts of the spars.
2. Red (ore) pine. It was used on wooden plating, both wooden and iron ships, on deck flooring, inner lining of sides and hold compartments, cabin shields.
3. White pine (mendovaya). It was used for temporary work that did not require special strength and strength, for temporary scaffolding, fish, shergen, templates, bases ...
Well, of course, the Ship Pine went to the MASTS!

Answer from Ivan Tormashev[newbie]
mahogany oak and pine

Answer from Varvara Barbashova[active]
In shipbuilding, oak was mainly used, growing in the western provinces of Russia and Italian oak (Adriatic). As the most durable and strong tree, oak served for the main parts of the ship's hull: keel, stems, frames, fenders, waterways, beans, etc.; for the dead parts, Italian oak was used, which was delivered mainly in crooked ridges. Due to the presence of tannic acid in the wood, the iron fastening in oak soon rusted and corroded, therefore, in wooden courts, oak parts were fastened with copper or galvanized bolts; in iron shipbuilding, it is used mainly only for crafts inside the ship; on waterways in battery and living decks, on pillows and partners around masts with wooden masts; on the foundations of objects installed on decks, starting from the battery deck and below; on cornices and thresholds of cabin bulkheads, lockers and various other rooms; to ladders below the living deck; for the manufacture of anchor stocks (exclusively oak of the western provinces).
Teak grows in India (on the Malabar and Mulmei coasts), southeast Asia and on the islands of Java and Ceylon. Strength and strength is the same as oak; its disadvantage is that it undergoes a wormhole. It does not contain tannic acid, therefore it is used instead of oak on the outer parts of the hull of iron ships: on wooden keels, waterways of the upper deck, outer flanges; on pillows on the outer board; on the flooring under the guns, capstans, bitings and stoppers of chain ropes; on partners of iron masts on all decks, on gangways on the upper deck, and so on. In England, teak is used for lining behind armor.
Pine. Three varieties are used in shipbuilding: 1) yellow pine, growing in the middle part of Russia. Due to its lightness, strength, strength and elasticity, it goes mainly to parts of the spars. 2) Red (ore) pine is used for wooden plating, both wooden and iron ships, deck flooring (except for the places shown above, see Teak and Oak), inner lining of sides and hold compartments, cabin shields, etc. 3) White pine (mendovaya) grows in swampy and flooded areas. It is used for temporary work that does not require special strength and strength; for temporary forests, fish, shergen, templates, bases, etc.
Larch fortress is greater than that of pine; does not undergo a wormhole, is preserved from decay for a long time and ignites more difficultly than other breeds. In wooden ships, sometimes oak was replaced in the straight parts of the ship's hull: keel, killon, beams, etc. In armored ships, it is used for lining behind armor; then it is used for crafts inside the ship: waterways, platforms, inner lining of the sides and hold spaces, for slipway blocks, etc.
Spruce is lighter than pine and has a lower strength. It is used for sheathing river vessels and for various accessories of boats: oars, poles, masts, etc.
Redwood grows in the West Indies (Spanish redwood) and Central America (Honduran redwood). The second is stronger, the first is more beautiful. It is used for handicrafts on the upper deck: hatch coamings, light hatch frames, gangways and front gangways, gangways and for finishing carpentry and furniture in officers' quarters. In the construction of boats, it is used for finishing the boats of imperial yachts and for lining mine boats.
Acacia - grows in southern Russia and North America. It is mainly used for the production of dowels, for fastening wooden sheathing.
Ash - grows in Europe and northern Asia; it is flexible and resilient, but fragile. It is used in the construction of boats for interior decoration (banks, backrests, gratings, gunwales, pillers), for oars, flagpoles, awning racks, etc.); for cabin and carpentry work.
For the interior decoration of ships, in addition to the named ones, there are a variety of