Affirmative sentences are those in which the connection established between the subject and what is said about it is really existing, or is recognized as such. Affirmative sentences in English are one of the linguistic means of colloquial speech that are used to express emotionality, ease, or a sensually specific character.

Affirmative sentences in Present Simple denote actions in the present tense in the broadest sense of the word. Most often, ordinary actions are affirmed, permanent or often repeated. It is appropriate to use such sentences when we want to talk about someone's habits, schedule, daily routine. Affirmative sentences in Present Simple denote actions that take place in the present tense, but are not tied to the moment of speech.

English verbs in Present Simple almost always coincide with the form indicated in the dictionary, that is, they are used in the initial form of verbs without the particle to.

Affirmative sentences in English: examples

I speak => I speak	We speak => we speak
You speak => you speak	You speak => You speak
He/she/it speaks => he/she/it speaks	They speak => they speak

But! If we are talking about the third person (in the singular), then we must add -s:

• I say => he says;
• I want => she wants.

And another rule: If the verb ends in -y, then the ending will be -es, only -y is previously changed to -i-:

• I try => she tries.

But! If the verb ends in -y and is preceded by a vowel, then simply add the ending -s, -y remains unchanged: she plays.

Affirmative sentences in English: Past Simple

The verb in the affirmative sentence in the Past Simple is formed with the addition of the ending -ed:

On a note! If the verb is irregular, then for all forms (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) the second form from the table is used:

Reference: all irregular verbs are given in a special table, which in most cases is in all dictionaries. Most often on the last pages.

Examples of affirmative sentences in the present tense:

• Every morning I get up at 6 o'clock => Every morning I get up at six o'clock.
• She helps me to do my homework => She helps me do my homework.
• They try to get the cheapest buns => They try to get the cheapest buns.

Examples of affirmative sentences in the past tense:

• I wanted to buy some tickets => I wanted to buy some tickets.
• I cried because no one wanted to lend me a bicycle => I cried because no one wanted to lend me a bicycle.
• Helen brought a bunch of flowers => Helen brought a bunch of flowers.
• Andry spoke a lot during the evening => Andrew spoke a lot throughout the evening.

Note! If there is no verb in the sentence, then we use the auxiliary verbs was / were:

It can be seen from the table that with single examples we use was, with persons in the plural we use were.

Here are examples in full sentences:

• Her project were unbelievably successful => Her project was incredibly successful.
• They were truly happy => They were truly happy.
• She was 100% right => She was 100% right.

Statements are used in different tenses, and there are many of them in English. But today we will consider the use of affirmative sentences in basic tenses. We have already given examples in the present and past tenses. Consider the examples in Future Simple .

Affirmative sentences in Future Simple

Approving type sentences are formed using shall/will. With I and We we use shall, with the rest we use will:

I shall go => I shall go	We shall go => we shall go
You will go => you will go	You will go => You will go
He/she/it will go => he/she/it will go	They will go => they will go

Now examples in sentences:

• I shall visit my doctor tomorrow => Tomorrow I will go to my doctor.
• She will try to get your attention => She will try to get your attention.
• We shall go to Spain next year => We are going to Spain next year.

Summing up

An affirmative sentence is easy to form. The topic of the formation of such sentences is one of the easiest in the English language. Exercise regularly and improve your knowledge. Keep an eye on other lessons and constantly return to previously learned ones. Repetition is the best friend of quick learning.

In Russian, we can build a sentence however we want. We can say: “I bought a dress yesterday”, or “I bought a dress yesterday”, or “I bought a dress yesterday”, etc.

In English, the word order in a sentence is fixed. This means that we cannot rearrange the words as we like. They must stay in their designated places.

It is difficult for beginners to learn English to understand and get used to this.

Therefore, many often build English sentences using the word order as in Russian. Because of this, it is difficult for the interlocutor to understand the idea that you want to convey.

In this article, I will explain to you how to build sentences in English correctly, so that you can compose them competently, and any foreigner can easily understand you.

From the article you will learn:

What is a fixed word order in a sentence?

Offer- a combination of words that expresses a complete thought.

As I said, in Russian we can rearrange the words in a sentence the way we want.

For example:

We'll go to the cinema.

We'll go to the cinema.

Let's go to the cinema.

As you can see, we can rearrange the words in a sentence, and this will not prevent the other person from understanding the idea that we want to convey to him.

In English, word order is fixed.

Fixed- fixed in a certain position.

This means that the words in the sentence have their places and cannot be rearranged.

Correctly:

We will go to the cinema.
We'll go to the cinema.

Not right:

To the cinema we will go.

Esl and the word order in the English sentence is wrong, then it will be difficult for the interlocutor to understand what idea you want to convey to him.

Let's take a closer look at how to correctly build all kinds of sentences in English.

Attention: Confused by the English rules? Find out how easy it is to understand English grammar.

Word order in an affirmative English sentence

affirmative sentences- This proposals where we affirm some idea. Such sentences do not contain negation and do not imply an answer.

We can claim that something:

• Happening in the present (We are building a house)
• Will happen in the future (We will build a house)
• Happened in the past (We built a house)

In English, affirmative sentences use direct word order.

The direct word order is that the 1st and 2nd places in a sentence are always occupied by certain words.

Let's take a closer look at this scheme for constructing affirmative sentences.

1st place - main character

Actor (subject)- the person/thing that performs the action in the sentence.

It could be:

• The object or person itself: mother (mother), Mary (Mary), cup (cup), chairs (chairs), etc.
• A word that replaces an object or person (pronoun): I (I), you (you), we (we), they (they), he (he), she (she), it (it)

For example:

Tom...
Volume....

She….
She is....

2nd place - action

action (predicate)- shows what happened, is happening or will happen.

That is, the action itself (verb) can stand:

1. In the present tense: study (study), work (work), sleep (sleep), eat (eat)

2. Past tense, which is formed with:

• adding the ending -ed to regular verbs: studied (studied), worked (worked)
• 2nd / 3rd forms of irregular verbs: slept / slept (slept), ate / eaten (ate)

Whether the verb is correct or incorrect, we can look in the dictionary.

3. In the future tense, which is usually formed using the auxiliary verb will: will study (I will study), will work (I will work), will sleep (I will sleep).

For example:

We travel.
We are travelling.

Tom left.
Tom is gone.

She will work.
She will work

Important nuance

It is worth remembering one important nuance. In Russian there are sentences in which we omit the action.

For example:

She is a teacher.

Children in the park.

Tom is smart.

In English sentences, the action must always be present, we cannot omit it. This is a very common mistake among students.

In such cases, we use verb to be. This is a special kind of verb that we use when we say that someone:

• Is somewhere (Children in the park)
• Is someone (She's a teacher)
• Is somehow (Tom smart)

Depending on the time in which we use this verb, it changes its form:

• Present tense - am, are, is
• Past tense - was, were
• In the future tense - will be

For example:

She is a doctor.
She is a doctor. (literally: She is a doctor)

Children are smart.
Children are smart. (literally: Children are smart)

I am at home.
I'm at home. (literally: I am at home)

Read more about the verb to be in each tense in the following articles:

• Verb to be in present tense
• Verb to be in past tense

So, direct word order means that certain words are in the 1st and 2nd places.

Let's see what it looks like again.

1 place	2nd place	3rd place
Actor	Action or verb to be	Other members of the proposal
I	work	here
my sister	lived	in New York
A cat	is	gray
They	were	at school

Now let's look at how to build negative sentences.

Word order in a negative English sentence

Negative sentences- when we deny something. That is, we say that something:

• Doesn't happen (She doesn't work)
• Didn't happen (She didn't work)
• Won't happen (She won't work)

In Russian, to form a negation, we put the particle "not" before the action: not I come not I will read, not bought.

In English, to form a negation, we use the particle "not" and an auxiliary verb. See how this changes our word order:

Let's take a look at this diagram in detail.

1st place - character

Negative sentences also use direct word order, so the protagonist comes first.

2nd place - auxiliary verb + not

Auxiliary verbs- these are words that are not translated, but only serve as pointers.

They help us determine:

• Time of what is happening (present, future, past);
• Number of actors (many or one).

Read more about auxiliary verbs in this article.

Each tense in English has its own auxiliary verb (do/does, have/has, did, had, will). Let's look at the auxiliary verbs of the three most used tenses.

1. Present simple tense (Present Simple Tense):

• does, when we talk about someone in the singular (he, she, it)
• do, for all other cases (me, you, we, they)

2. Past Simple Tense: did

3. Future Simple Tense: will

To show negation, we add the particle not to our auxiliary verb or the verb to be: does not, do not, did not, will not.

3rd place - action

After the auxiliary verb with the particle not, we put an action, which is now negative.

For example:

He does not work.
He does not work.

They will not buy.
They won't buy.

Remember: When we say that we did not do something in the past and use the auxiliary verb did, we no longer put the action itself in the past tense.

Since the auxiliary verb already shows us that it happened in the past.

Not right:

We didn't work ed.
We didn't work.

Correctly:

We didn't work.
We didn't work.

So let's take another look at the construction of a negative sentence.

1 place	2nd place	3rd place	4th place
Actor	Auxiliary verb + not	Action	Other members of the proposal
I	do not	work	here
my sister	does not	study	study
People	will not	buy	a car
They	did not	build	the house

Negative sentences with the verb to be

If the sentence uses the verb to be, then we simply put not after it.

Let's look at the plate.

1 place	2nd place	3rd place	4th place
Actor	verb to be	Particle not	Other members of the proposal
I	am	not	a doctor
They	were	not	at home
A cat	is	not	gray

Now let's look at the last type of sentence - questions.

Word order in an interrogative English sentence

Interrogative sentences These are sentences that express a question and suggest an answer to it. For example: Do you work?

In Russian, affirmative and interrogative sentences differ only:

• intonation (in speech)
• sign "?" at the end of a sentence (in writing)

In English, a statement and a question look different. Unlike statements, interrogative sentences have reverse word order.

The reverse word order means that the main character will not be in the first place.

Let's take a closer look at how to construct such sentences.

1st place - auxiliary verb

To make a sentence interrogative, you need to put an auxiliary verb in the first place in the sentence. I talked about them Auxiliary verb

Actor Action Other members of the proposal Does she work here? Did they study English? Will you buy a car?

Interrogative sentences with the verb to be

If the sentence uses the verb to be instead of the usual action, then we simply transfer it to the first place in the sentence.

Let's look at the diagram:

1 place	2nd place	4th place
verb to be	Actor	Other members of the proposal
Is	she	a doctor?
Are	they	at home?
was	a cat	grey?

Exception:

When we build a question with the verb to be in the future tense - will be, then we put only will in the first place. And be itself comes after the character.

For example:

Will she be a teacher?
Will she be a teacher?

Will they be at home?
Will she be at home?

So, we examined the word order in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. Now let's practice building such sentences in practice.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. I will go to the store.
2. She is beautiful.
3. We didn't buy a dress.
4. My girlfriend is in the park.
5. Has she read the book?
6. Is the house expensive?

A sentence (sentence) (both in English and in Russian) is some complete thought. It starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop:

We are at home.- We're home.
John likes good food. John likes good food.

What does the offer consist of?

Both in Russian and in English, a sentence can consist of the following members: subject (subject), predicate (verb), addition (object or complement), circumstance (adverbial modifier) ​​and definition (attribute).

At the our lessons teachers use various interesting materials. Our teachers use various interesting materials in the lessons.

teachers - subject
use - predicate (verb)
materials - addition
various interesting - two definitions related to the word "materials" at the lessons - circumstance

What parts of a sentence are required in English?

In Russian, there may be a sentence without a subject and / or without a predicate: " This is a pen."; "Late.", "I'm cold".

In all English sentences, both the subject and the predicate are required. Compare with the examples above: " It is a pen." "It is late." "I am cold."

The remaining members of the proposal may be absent (they are called secondary members of the proposal).

We've arrived.- We arrived.
We- subject, arrived- predicate (verb).

We arrived in the morning.
in the morning- circumstance of time

We arrived at a small station.- We arrived at a small station.
at a small station- circumstance of place
small(small) - definition explaining the word station(station)

Word order in an English sentence

In English, there is a fixed word order. That is, each member of the sentence is in its specific place. In Russian, almost all parts of speech have endings, with the help of which the categories of time, gender, number, etc. are expressed. Therefore, the word order in the Russian sentence is free. English belongs to a different language type and has almost no endings. But the need to express all those categories that the Russian language expresses remains. Therefore, the solution was found in a fixed word order. This makes the English language more "logical", similar to simple mathematical formulas, which undoubtedly makes it easier to learn.

Compare:
(2) I watch (1) me (3) TV rarely on weekdays.
(1) I seldom (2) watch (3) TV on week-days

Word order in an affirmative sentence

In an affirmative sentence, the first place is subject,
In second place - predicate,
on the third - secondary sentence members.

(1) We (2) are (3) in the center of Moscow now.
We (are) in the center of Moscow now.

Word order negative sentence

In a negative sentence, the word order is the same as in an affirmative one, but only after the verb is the negative particle not.

(1) I (2) am not(3) hungry.
I don't (eat) hungry.

(1) The children (2) are not(3) attentive
Children are not (are) attentive.

Notes:

Some minor members of the sentence can change their location depending on what the speaker wants to emphasize first of all.

We usually go home together. - We usually we go home together.
Usually we go home together. - Usually we walk home together.

There are impersonal sentences in Russian. That is, sentences in which only the subject or only the predicate is present. In English, both main members of the sentence must be present in the sentence. To express impersonal sentences in English, the turnover It is (it is),
where It- subject, and Is- predicate.

It is cold. - Cold. (It's got cold)
It is late. - Late. (It's getting late)

In colloquial speech, phrases that are not full sentences can and are used:

Hello! How are you? - Hey! How are you doing?
- (I am) Fine, thanks! - Thank you, OK!

In order to build even the simplest sentence in English, you need to know the word order in the language. This seemingly simple but very important topic is the starting point in learning English grammar.

Subject + predicate + direct object

In an ordinary affirmative sentence, the subject is placed immediately before the predicate (verb). The direct object, when present, comes immediately after the verb. For example:

• They bought a car. — They bought a car.
• We can't do that. - We can't do that.
• The girl in a blue dress was playing the piano. — The girl in the blue dress was playing the piano.

Predicate

Note that by subject here we mean not only the main noun or pronoun, but also the adjectives or descriptive phrases that refer to it. The rest of the sentence, which does not refer to the subject, is called the predicate. For example:

• The girl in a blue dress was playing the piano.

Indirect additions and circumstances

If there are any other parts in the sentence - indirect objects or circumstances - they usually occupy a strictly defined place.

Position of indirect complement

after direct object if it contains the preposition to.

An indirect addition is put before by direct object when to is absent. For example:

• The teacher gave dictionaries to the pupils. The teacher handed out dictionaries to the students.
• The teacher gave them dictionaries. The teacher gave them dictionaries.

Position of circumstance

The circumstance can be placed in three places:

Before the subject (usually these are circumstances of time)

• In the morning he was reading a book. — He was reading a book in the morning.

After the addition (here you can put almost any adverb or adverbial phrase):

• He was reading a book at the library. — He was reading a book in the library.

Between the auxiliary and the main verb (as a rule, these are short adverbs):

• He has already read this book. He has already read the book.

Normally, in standard English, no other words are placed between the subject and the predicate, or between the predicate and the object. But there are a few exceptions. Here are the most important ones:

Adverbs of frequency of action and indirect objects without the preposition to

• I sometimes drink coffee in the morning. - I sometimes I drink coffee in the morning.
• He showed the driver his bus pass. - He showed driver your bus pass.

If you follow these simple rules, you will be able to avoid misplaced words in an English sentence. The examples given are intentionally simple - but the same rules can be applied to more . For example:

• The woman,, never went to sleep before - A woman [who often felt lonely] never went to bed [without calling her sister].

Stylistic change in word order

Of course, there are exceptions to the rules, and writers or speakers often use non-standard word order for special effect. But if we now focus on exceptions, we digress from the main principles, and the problem of word order in a sentence can seem very complicated.

So here are a few more examples: you should be aware that such sentences exist, but don't try to use them unless absolutely necessary until you master the principles of normal word order (remember to learn how to walk first, and then run!):

• Never before had he felt so miserable. He had never felt so miserable before.

If the sentence begins with never or never before, the subject and verb are often inverted, i.e. change places. Don't use inversion when never follows the subject!

• Hardly had I finished cleaning the house, my friend called. I had hardly finished cleaning the house when my friend called.

(When a sentence begins with hardly, the subject and verb must always be inverted.)

• Had they known, they "d never have done that." - If they knew this, they would never have done that.

(The inversion is used in hypothetical condition structures when the if is omitted.)

• Whatever you can tell me, I know already. “Whatever you tell me, I already know it.

Here's the extended addendum, Whatever you can tell me, placed at the beginning of a sentence for artistic reasons: this sentence structure is not necessary, it's just .

Now, having mastered the rules for constructing simple sentences, you can move on to more complex sentences with subordinate structures.

How do you feel about non-standard word order in English? Difficult, don't you understand? Share in the comments!

The study of different tenses in English begins with an explanation of situations when it is appropriate to use one or another tense. And also the principles of construction of sentences of different types are given: affirmative, negative, interrogative. Each of these proposals is built according to its own rules. However, in the construction of sentences of the same type, but within different tenses, one can notice similar features. In this article, we will analyze examples of affirmative sentences in English used in simple tenses.

What is an affirmative offer

Many examples of affirmative sentences can be found in everyday speech. Most of the sentences we build are of this type, i.e. these sentences state some thought. Negative ones, in turn, deny some thought and they use not particles.

present simple

This time is also called the simple present. This time is used when talking about something ordinary that we do every day. For example, we go to school/work/university every day, etc. Or someone may love music very much and listen to it every day. There are also many ordinary rituals that are performed every morning (wake up, wash, get dressed, etc.). these are actions that are present at the moment in the life of a person and are repeated regularly.

How are affirmative sentences constructed in this tense?

The subject comes first. It is followed by either the auxiliary verb am (with the pronoun I), is (with the pronouns he, she, it and third person singular nouns), are (with all other pronouns and plural nouns). An auxiliary verb is used if there is no main semantic verb. If it is, then it follows the subject. Next come the secondary members of the sentence.

Consider examples of affirmative sentences in Present Simple:

He is a doctor. He's a doctor. (We are talking about a profession, a person does his job every day and is a doctor)

She is interested in music. (We are talking about a favorite hobby that is relevant both yesterday and today, and, most likely, will be relevant tomorrow. That is, this is something consistently recurring)

I like playing the guitar.

He works so hard. (A diligent worker who gives all his best every day).

past simple

This time is also called the simple past. It is used when you need to talk about some completed action in the past. Moreover, most often it is indicated at what moment the action was committed (four hours age, last year, two days ago, etc.)

The construction of the sentence in this tense is very similar to the previous examples. But there are differences.

The subject also comes first. It is followed by either the auxiliary verb was (I, he, she, it) were if there is no semantic one. If there is a semantic verb, then it comes after the subject and changes its form. If it is an irregular verb, then its form can be specified in the table of irregular verbs. In all other cases, the ending -ed is added to the word. After also come the secondary members of the sentence. Consider examples of English affirmative sentences in Past Simple:

He bought a book two hours ago.

I was at the cinema yesterday.

He showed me his picture last year.

Future Simple

The simple future tense indicates some action that will take place in the future. It is built as follows: subject + auxiliary verb (shall / will) + semantic verb (infinitive). Examples of affirmative sentences:

I will study economics next year.

We will go to the cinema tomorrow.

Similarities

What do all these examples of affirmative sentences have in common? A very similar principle can be traced by constructions. Everywhere there is a clear order of words. The subject always takes the first place, followed by the verb (auxiliary or semantic, depending on the meaning of the sentence). Secondary members of a sentence always come last. However, it is worth noting that when placing them, it is worth observing a certain order.

Secondary members of the sentence

A secondary role in the proposal is occupied by additions, circumstances and definitions. But they must also be in a certain order, otherwise the sentence will lose all meaning. The object is placed after the verb. The circumstance is usually located at the very end (sometimes at the very beginning, but these are rare cases). The definition can be in different parts of the sentence, but always next to the word being defined (usually it is expressed by a noun).

Consider examples of affirmative sentences with different secondary members.

An old man got a telegram yesterday. An elderly man received a telegram yesterday. The word old is a definition and comes before the word being defined (man). A telegram acts as an addition and comes after the verb got (Got what? Telegram). And in last place is the circumstance yesterday (yesterday).

We have looked at several examples of affirmative sentences. All of them are approximately similar in the way they are built. The differences are due only to the time in which a particular sentence is used. But you should always remember the word order. After all, it significantly affects the construction of sentences of any type. It is also worth paying attention to the forms of auxiliary and semantic verbs, which can change depending on the time used.