Any student who starts learning English from scratch on his own or with a teacher will learn how to answer the question “ What's your name?”(Russian. What is your name?).

Answering " My name is…“(Russian. My name is ...), he doesn’t even think that he already knows two possessive pronouns: my(mine, mine, mine. mine) and your(Russian yours, yours, yours, yours), without which it is impossible to build communication in English.

We use the same possessive pronouns for everything, but do we own our lives or sisters or husbands in the same way we own our shoes? Do we own any of them at all?

We use possessive pronouns for everything, but do we really own our lives, sisters or husbands as much as we own our shoes? Do we own all this?

~ Samantha Harvey

They may cause some misunderstanding on the part of those who are just starting to learn English and have encountered Possessive pronouns for the first time.

In English grammar, two varieties of possessive pronouns peacefully coexist: Possessive Adjectives(possessive adjectives) and Possessive Pronouns(possessive pronouns). Today we will talk about them in this article.

Possessive pronouns in English

Possessive pronouns help us understand that someone or something owns something. Signature on key chains: I am yours (Russian I am yours), And you are mine (Russian And you are mine)

Let's first remember what a possessive pronoun is.

Possessive pronouns(mine, yours, ours, and others) indicate the sign of belonging to a certain person and answer the question whose? In Russian, they agree with the noun in number, gender, and case.

What about English possessive pronouns? There are two forms of possessive pronouns in English ( Possessive adjectives and Possessive pronouns), which differ in spelling and how they are used in a sentence.

Let us consider in more detail both forms of possessive pronouns in English.

Possessive Adjectives

Possessive pronouns in English, resembling an adjective in their role in a sentence, and which are always used with a noun, are called Possessive Adjectives(Russian possessive adjective).

Below is a table of the formation of possessive pronouns in English and their comparison with personal pronouns.

Possessive pronouns dependent form (Table 1)

Possessive pronouns dependent form (Table 2)

When we want to indicate ownership, we cannot use !

Offer He name was Carl(Russian. His name was Karl) sounds strange and wrong in both English and Russian. He is a personal pronoun. Replace it with a suitable possessive adjective his and get a grammatically and logically correct sentence: His name was Car l (Russian. His name was Karl)

Sometimes this form of possessive pronouns or Possessive Adjectives called dependent, since it cannot be used on its own, without a noun.

Remember!

Possessive pronouns-adjectives (Possessive Adjectives) in English they are used only in conjunction with a noun and always come before it.

Since dependent possessive pronouns resemble adjectives in their functionality, they also play the role of a definition in a sentence.

Examples of sentences with possessive adjectives in English

English beginners often confuse possessive adjectives with contracted forms of the verb. to be:

your and you're (= you are)

its and it's (= it is)

Compare the use of possessive pronouns and the contracted form of the verb:

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive pronouns in English that can be used in a sentence without a noun are called Possessive Pronouns(Russian possessive pronoun).

Possessive Pronouns also called absolute or independent form of possessive pronouns. In this form, nouns are never placed after possessive pronouns, since these pronouns are used instead of nouns.

Remember!

Absolute possessive pronouns ( Possessive Pronounss) in English are used without a noun and perform the function of a subject, object, or nominal part of a predicate in a sentence.

Below is a table of the formation of absolute possessive pronouns in English and their comparison with personal pronouns.

Possessive pronouns in English absolute form (Table 1)

Possessive pronouns in English absolute form (Table 2)

English possessive pronouns in absolute form replace the possessive adjective ( Possessive Adjective) with a noun to avoid repetition of information, since everything is clear without it. For example:

This book is my book, not your book(Russian This book is my book, not your book)

This book is mine, not yours(Russian This book is mine, not yours)

As you noticed in both Russian and English, the second sentence sounds more natural. Let's take a look at how possessive pronouns are used in a sentence.

Examples of sentences with possessive pronouns in English

Sentence with a possessive pronoun	Translation into Russian
What's mine is yours, my friend.	What's mine is yours, my friend.
I have broken my pencil. Please give me yours.	I broke my pencil. Please give me yours.
Are those gloves hers?	Those gloves are hers?
All the essays were good but his was the best.	All the writings were good, but his was the best.
The world is mine.	The world is mine.
Your photos are good. Ours are terrible.	Your photos are great, ours are terrible.
These aren't John and Mary's children. Theirs have black hair.	These are not John and Mary's children. Theirs is black haired.
John found his passport but Mary couldn't find hers.	John found his passport, but Mary couldn't find hers.
Is that chair yours?	Is this chair yours?
I know this drink is yours but I need to drink something.	I know this drink is yours, but I need something to drink.

Possessive pronoun its in absolute form is used extremely rarely, only in conjunction with the word own:

The cottage seems asleep yet, but it may have a life of its own(Russian. It seemed that the cottage was still sleeping, but perhaps it lived its own life).

My or Mine? Possessive pronoun or adjective?

On the poster is an inscription with a vivid example of the use of possessive pronouns in dependent and absolute form: “Because my body is mine (belongs to me!)”

As already mentioned, we use possessive adjectives and pronouns when we need to express ownership. Both forms are translated into Russian in the same way.

Possessive adjective ( Possessive Adjective) is always used with a following noun:

This is my pen(Russian This is my pen), where my is a possessive adjective, pen is a subsequent noun.

Possessive pronouns ( Possessive Pronouns) are always used on their own, without an accompanying word:

This pen is mine(Russian This pen is mine), where mine- a possessive pronoun, after which we DO NOT NEED a noun.

Comparative table of possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns.

The semantic load does not change in these two sentences. However, when we need to focus on someone or something, it is better to use the absolute form.

Translation of English possessive pronouns

There is no difference in the meaning of possessive adjectives and pronouns in English and in their translation into Russian.

English possessive pronouns in dependent and absolute form are translated into Russian in the same way, but there are a few things you need to know about.

Translation of the possessive pronoun your into English

There is no special possessive pronoun in English that corresponds to the Russian possessive pronoun ""own"".

Russian pronoun ""own" in English corresponding possessive pronouns.

Example sentences in English with the translation of the pronoun svoi

English possessive pronouns usually not translated into Russian when combined with nouns denoting parts of the body or items of clothing, but are always present before the noun.

In Russian, with similar nouns, possessive pronouns are usually not used. Compare English sentences with possessive sentences with translation:

Special cases of using possessive pronouns

Using the Of yours structure

Very often (especially in American English) you can hear the following construction: a friend/some friends of + mine, yours, etc:

I saw a friend of yours last night(eng. I saw one of your friends last night) = I saw one of your friends last night.

Here are some friends of mine(Russian. And here are my friends) = Here are my friends.

Offers I saw one of your friends last night and I saw a friend of yours last night translated will be the same "Last night I saw one of your friends." However, there is a slight semantic difference.

Let's look at phrases "my friend" and “a friend of mine”.

“My friend” is about a close friend. If you call a person "my friend" It means that you have a warm and trusting relationship with him. But, each of us has people with whom we just have a good relationship. These are just our friends and acquaintances. This is exactly what we need here the expression “a friend of mine”.

The indefinite article itself tells us that “one of” friends, someone indefinite:

This is my friend Jessica.("my friend" - before the name)

This is Jessica, a friend of mine.("a friend of mine" - after the name)

With a phrase "a friend of mine" associated with one amusing fact. In English culture, there is a concept urban myth(BrE) or urban legend(Ame). This is a story, usually with an unexpected, humorous or instructive ending, which the narrator passes off as a real event.

We call these stories "tales" or "fictions". These incidents allegedly happen to a certain acquaintance of the narrator, and the name of the acquaintance is never specified.

Most of these stories (or "tales") begin with the words: This happened to a friend of mine... (This happened to one of my friends...).

When to use Yours faithfully and Yours sincerely

You have probably come across the phrase Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely at the end of a formal letter, for example:

Yours sincerely, Mary Wilkinson(Russian. Sincerely, Mary Wilkinson).

In business correspondence, these are irreplaceable phrases that need to be written at the end of the letter. Read more about the features of business English.

Examples of using the phrases “Yours faithfully” and “Yours sincerely”

Using an English noun in the genitive case

Possessive nouns can be used as possessive pronouns to talk about belonging to someone in particular.

As a rule, the use of nouns in the possessive case does not affect the form of possessive pronouns, for example:

Whose cell phone is that? - It's John's.(Russian Whose phone is this? - John.)

Who do these computers belong to? - They"re our parents".(Russian. Who owns these computers? - Our parents.)

The relation of belonging or involvement of one object to another can also be indicated using the possessive case ( The Possessive case). which we will talk about in our next article.

Possessive pronouns in English: video

To finally consolidate the knowledge gained, we recommend that you watch a video about possessive adjectives and possessive pronouns.

English Grammar Lessons - Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns

Finally:

In this article, we tried to explain the use of possessive pronouns in English as simply as possible and how to correctly answer the question “whose” in English.

We hope that after reading our article, you will no longer have questions about this topic and you will be able to use this grammar correctly in your speech and writing.

Stay on our site and you will discover a lot from the world of English grammar!

Exercises for possessive pronouns

And now we invite you to test your knowledge of possessive pronouns in English by completing the following test.

Choose the correct option (insert either a possessive adjective or a possessive pronoun according to the meaning):

Jane has already eaten her lunch, but I"m saving hers/her/my/mine until later.

She has broken hers/her/his leg.

My mobile needs to be fixed, but mine/his/our/their is working.

You/Yours/Mine/My computer is a Mac, but you/your/yours/my is a PC.

We gave them ours/mine/our/yours telephone number, and they gave us their/theirs/ours/mine.

Mine/My/Yours/Your pencil is broken. Can I borrow you/yours/him/its?

Ours/Our/Your/My car is cheap, but you/your/yours/my is expensive.

You can "t have any chocolate! It" s all mine / my / our / yours!

In contact with

We very often use possessive pronouns both in Russian and in English. Do you think it's enough to learn my, his, her, theirs? No, their use sometimes embarrasses those who do not know all the secrets.

Ask yourself: what is a pronoun? Yes, a part of speech that replaces a noun or an adjective. But a special group of Possesive Pronouns, so to speak, characterizes an object, phenomenon, property, indicating belonging to someone and answers the question whose? whose? whose? (whose?).

This is my note-book - This is my notebook.

Their decision was unexpected. Their decision was unexpected.

Our car is broken. Our car is broken.

What are possessive pronouns in English?

This group takes its roots from personal pronouns in terms of education, and it is by comparing them that we will consider the use of these parts of speech. To make it easier to understand and remember, we will divide all Possesive Pronouns into two groups.

• Possessive pronouns are adjectives. This name suggests that the listed parts of speech are before a noun which it describes characterizes it. In this case, never articles are not used. However, after these possessive pronouns in English, there may be other definitions (adjectives) that follow after them. I would also like to note that these pronouns are placed after all and both, if any, in the proposal. Let's dive into the examples and consider all cases.

Her ticket is on the table. Her ticket is on the table.

It isn't my bus. - This is not my bus.

Your friend came to see me yesterday. Your friend visited me yesterday.

He gave me her address. He gave me her address.

Where is mygreen pencil? Where is my green pencil?

Hiselder brother writes poems. — His older brother writes poetry.

Allmy books are in the bag. All my books are in the bag.

Bothhis friends smoke, but he doesn't. Both of his friends smoke, but he doesn't.

• Possessive noun pronouns(or absolute form). This subgroup is used without a noun and performs its function as a subject, a nominal part of a predicate or an object. They can be either at the end or in the middle of a sentence.

As can be seen from the table, they are identical in meaning and translation, but the formation and use will have to be remembered. To make it easier to put into memory, look: his - the two forms are the same, I changes to mine, and the ending -s is added to all the others. Let's look at examples where the absolute form is used. According to lexical norms, it is advisable to use it so as not to duplicate the noun that was used in the previous remark.

Are these your spectacles? — No, they are not mine. - Are these your glasses? No, they are not mine.

Her house is not far from ours. Her house is not far from ours.

Does this book belong to Mary? — No, It's yours. Does this book belong to Mary? - No, it's yours.

Her score was better than theirs. Her score was better than theirs.

We'll leave her house after dinner, so we should be at yours before 10.

Translation

When translating from English into Russian, there are usually no problems. You just have to memorize all the forms. But in English! Here they often come across bumps on which they stumble painfully. So that you are on the right path to learning a language, remember some features:

1. In the Russian version, they can stand "his, them" , which can be translated by English possessive and personal pronouns. The first answers the question whose? whose?, and the second - whom? what?

I saw him. - I saw him (personal).

This is his watch. - This is his watch (whose - possessive).

I met them. - I met them (whom - personal).

This is their home. - This is their house (whose - possessive).

2. Russian often confuses "mine", because in English there is no corresponding form. Therefore, we translate with one of the possessive pronouns, which depends on the subject.

I gave my car to my son. — I have given my car to my son.

He lost his keys. — He has lost his keys.

They gave us their food. — They gave us their food.

I don't have a ticket. Can you sell me yours? — I haven't got a ticket. Can you sell me yours?

3. Very often in Russian in general missingt possessive pronoun, and in English it should be. Only if the meaning "one's own" is meant, it is necessary to use this part of speech. This is where many people make the mistake of using the instead of pronoun. Most often, this situation occurs before nouns denoting parts of the body, family members, clothes.

I told my wife everything. — I have told everything to my wife (and not the wife - meant to his wife.)

They put their hands in their pockets. — they put their hands into their pockets (your hands in your pockets).

Put on your coat! — Put on your coat!

There is nothing complicated here. If you need to insert possessive pronouns in an English sentence, then look for the presence of a noun: if there is, then the relative form, if not, the absolute form. Of course, you need to do exercises to consolidate all the material.

Exercises

1. An old friend of (us, our, ours) phoned yesterday and said he would visit (us, our, ours).
2. Is that picture on the wall (your, yours, you)?
3. (They, their, theirs) holiday starts the week after (we, our, ours).
4. Can we have (you, your, yours) suggestion first and then we'll hear (he, him, his)?
5. I didn't bother going to (she, her, hers) party and she won't be coming to (me, my, mine).
6. (Us, our, ours) flight was delayed but (their, theirs, them) took off on time.
7. Can I borrow (your, yours, you) pen? - I'm sorry, it isn't (my, mine, me).
8. Bob is one of (our, ours, us) best pupils.
9. She has no mistakes in (her, hers, she) test.
10. (My, mine, me) hands are cold, but (your, yours, you) are warm.

1. ours, us.
2. yours
3. theirs, ours
4. your, his
5. her, mine
6. our, theirs
7.your, mine.
8.our
9. her
10. my, yours

We use possessive pronouns in our speech every day. This is my cat, their dog, her portion of ice cream, his briefcase, their daughter ... In almost every sentence we will see pronouns. Since the theory on this topic has already been studied, today we will proceed directly to practice in order to consolidate the knowledge gained. Remember: learning possessive pronouns in English exercises will help you remember the theory much more effectively than even a hundred repetitions. So straight to the point! We are waiting for interesting tasks that will be easy enough even for children.

Exercises on possessive pronouns are relatively easy. And if you first repeat the main subtleties of the translation, then the work on the assignments will be quite easy. So, to your attention are tables with possessive pronouns that will put all the features of the translation on the shelves.

First form of possessive pronouns

My	My, my, my, my
His	His
Her	Her
Its	His her
Our	Ours, ours, ours, ours
Your
Their	Them

Second form of possessive pronouns

Mine	My, my, my, my
His	His
Hers	Her
Ours	Ours, ours, ours, ours
Yours	Yours, yours, yours, yours; yours, yours, yours, yours
Theirs	Them

As you already know, despite the fact that possessive pronouns (Possessive Pronouns) have two forms, they all answer the same question => whose? I.e Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose? At the same time, we want to remind you that the absolute form of possessive pronouns differs from the first (attributive) one both in spelling and in the role in the sentence: nouns do not follow the absolute form, they are missing.

Examples:

That is his cup => This is his cup (possessive pronoun in attributive form his+ noun cup)

But! That cup is mine=> This cup is mine (absolute possessive pronoun) mine, followed by no noun).

So, when we repeated the theory, we can safely proceed to the exercises. Now you can test your knowledge in practice. Forward!

Exercise 1. (possessive pronouns)

Correctly arrange the possessive pronouns, choosing from those proposed in the attributive form (my, his, her, its, our, your, their):

my his her ours

Book but she denied to return it to him.

I saw that picture in

his ours hers

House but don't remember whether it was her property or just a gift.

I forgot my glasses in

your my their hers

car. They will probably return it to me tomorrow.

The teacher was listening to

my theirs yours

Answer quite patiently but it was really silly one.

His Its Their Your Her

Jacket I found in

her his my ours

My Your His Our Theirs

Parents were absent while

his my their yours

Were at school.

Note! In these sentences, possessive pronouns can be interchanged. For example, in the last sentence, Possessive Pronouns can be interchanged without losing context. But, for example, in the third sentence there will be only one choice, since there is an identifier word they.

Continuing to use possessive pronouns

Exercise 2. (possessive pronouns)

Write the correct answer from those given in brackets:

My grandfather has a cat. color is warm red.

She saw dress washing in washing machine. The dress in the washing machine was (her, hers, its).

I saw him wearing best shirt. It suits him so much!

cat sleeps when it has done all insightful things.

They live in a big city. city ​​is so nice I would like to visit it this summer!

I like dress more than .

I have a rabbit. The rabbit is .

plane is a luxury one as well as pleasure boat.

My sister has a doll. doll is very expensive.

Her brother is very naughty. Only trousers costs 5 times more than my most expensive dress!

Exercise 3. (possessive pronouns)

Put the correct pronouns in attributive and absolute form:

I have a dress. The dress is.

Dress is very nice.

Her friend has a new lipstick. The new lipstick is .

Lipstick is of dark wine colour.

This shirt is .

Shirt is from the newest collection.

The business is

To make your speech in a foreign language expressive, correct and varied, as well as to learn to understand what other people say (write), you need to know English pronouns. A table (and more than one) will be presented in this article with the necessary explanations to facilitate the assimilation of grammatical material.

What is a pronoun and what is it for?

This part of speech is used in any language to avoid tautology, to enliven dry statements, and also to make them more logical. Pronouns in English are called Pronouns, which translates as "instead of nouns."

This service component acts as a substitute for those parts of speech that have already been mentioned in oral or written text. Nouns and adjectives can be replaced, a little less often - adverbs and numerals. Pronouns help us to maintain the logic and clarity of the presentation of thoughts, but at the same time not to repeat ourselves, naming the same people, objects, phenomena, signs, etc. again.

What are the pronouns in English

English pronouns, like Russian ones, change in person, gender, and number. In addition, they must be consistent with the part of speech that they replace. For example, agreement on the basis of gender: girl (girl) - she (she). In the same way, coordination is carried out in the number: boys (boys) - they (they).

Now let's take a closer look at what each variety is and how this service part of speech manages to simplify English.

Personal Pronouns

They have their name because they replace nouns - animate and inanimate. There are seven in total.

• I - I;
• you - you (you);
• he - he;
• she - she;
• it - it;
• we - we;
• they - they.

Pay attention to the following features:

1. You is used in both the singular and the plural. It is translated accordingly: “you”, “you” (appeal to one person) or “you” (appeal to a group of people).

2. It denotes not only inanimate objects, but also animals.

The above personal pronouns are given in the nominative case. But what if you need to say: “you”, “me”, “about us”, etc.? What is transmitted in Russian by other cases (dative, genitive, prepositional, etc.), in English is called in one word - the subjective case. Such pronouns replace words that are not subject in the sentence. The correspondence table is shown below.

Who? What?	Whom? What? To whom? What? By whom? How? About whom? About what?
	me - me, me, me, etc.
	you - you (you), you (you), etc.
	him - to him, him, etc.
	her - her, her, etc.
	it - to him, him, etc.
	us - us, us, etc.
	them - them, them, etc.

Start practicing using the subjective case when you thoroughly understand and learn the forms of the nominative. Otherwise, you just run the risk of getting confused. In general, remembering pronouns is quite simple, and the more often you study a foreign language, the more confident you will become to speak.

Possessive Pronouns

This group is the second most frequently used. But do not rush to get scared when you see new English pronouns. The table below shows the correspondence between personal and possessive types.

Personal pronoun	Possessive pronoun
you - you (you)	your - your (your)

As you can see, the basis of almost all pronouns is the same, and the differences are most often only in one letter.

It is recommended to learn and work out in the exercises first personal pronouns, then possessive ones, and then practice in mixed tests, where you need to choose the option that is suitable in meaning and grammar: you or your, etc. So you will firmly learn everything and will never confuse these two superficially similar groups.

Demonstrative Pronouns

We continue to study pronouns in English and now we are moving on to the variety that helps to navigate in space, show a certain object, direction and place. They do not change according to persons and genders, but they have forms of the singular and Further in the table you will see demonstrative English pronouns with translation.

For example, if a picture hangs on the wall in the distance, then they say about it: That is a picture. And if there are pencils nearby on the table, this can be indicated as follows: These are pencils.

There is another function for this group of service parts of speech. They can replace individual words or even entire expressions. This is done to avoid repetition. For example: Air quality in the village is better than that in the city - The air quality in the village is better than (air quality) in the city.

Relative Pronouns

This variety can often be found in complex sentences to connect the main and subordinate parts. Such an English pronoun with translation and understanding of foreign speech can create difficulties. Therefore, it is necessary to understand this issue well. The following relative pronouns exist:

• that - what, which (used to refer to both animate and inanimate objects);
• which - which (only to designate objects or phenomena);
• who - who, who (indicates people only);
• whom - to whom, who, whom (not found in colloquial language, used only in official speech as a speech cliché).

Interrogative Pronouns

As you might guess, this type is used in interrogative sentences. If you are already familiar with the topic “Special Questions”, then you know these English pronouns well. All of them are notable for the fact that they begin with the letter combination wh:

• what? - what? which? which?
• which? - which? which one (of the two)?
• who? - who?
• whom? - to whom? whom?
• whose? - whose?

Sometimes the suffix -ever can be added to them, and then combinations of whatever (any, anything), whoever (any, anyone), etc. are obtained.

Pay special attention to the following features.

Who is used in the singular and assumes the verb form is, as well as the ending -s in the present simple tense.

Who is there? Who likes this film?

The exception is when a plural personal pronoun is used (you, we, they), if the answer involves naming several people, objects, phenomena, etc.

Who of you live in this house? - We do. (Which of you lives in this house? - We.)

(Indefinite Pronouns)

Often there are situations when the information is not entirely clear, or the speaker is not sure of its veracity. For such cases, there is a special group of service words. Below you can see all indefinite English pronouns with translation.

Animated objects	inanimate objects
anyone, anyone - anyone, anyone	anything - anything, anything
everybody, everyone - everyone, everyone	everything - everything
no one, nobody - no one	nothing - nothing, nothing
someone - someone	something - something
other - other either - any (when choosing from two) neither - none (when choosing from two) each - each

Please note that all the pronouns listed in the table are singular (even if translated into Russian they refer to many objects or people).

The plural of indefinite pronouns is represented by the following words:

• any - any;
• both - both;
• several - several;
• others - others, others;
• many - few;
• few - few.

Reflexive Pronouns

Used to refer to actions that are performed on oneself. These English pronouns are related to the varieties you already know - personal and possessive. Only in this case, the particle -self (in the singular) or -selves (in the plural) is added.

• (I) I - myself;
• (you) you - yourself;
• (he) he - himself;
• (she) she - herself;
• (it) it - itself (about animals and inanimate objects);
• (we) we - ourselves;
• (you) you - yourselves;
• (they) they - themselves.

How to translate This is best understood with examples.

Sometimes it can be translated as "yourself", "yourself", etc.

“Why?”, she asked herself - “Why?” she asked herself.

We arranged a great holiday for ourselves - We arranged a great holiday for ourselves.

In some cases, you can translate such pronouns with reflexive particles -s and -sya.

A cat washed itself - The cat washed itself.

Where are you hiding yourself? - Where are you hiding?

In cases where the fact that the action was performed by someone on their own is emphasized, reflexive pronouns can be translated with the words “himself”, “herself”, etc.

He has built this house himself - He built this house himself.

Reciprocal pronouns (Reciprocal Pronouns)

This variety includes only two representatives: each other and one another. They are synonyms.

Such pronouns are used in cases where two objects perform the same action directed at each other.

We love each other - We love each other.

They hugged and kissed one another - They hugged and kissed.

On Christmas day the friends gave each other presents - On Christmas day, friends gave each other gifts.

In cases where it is necessary to designate a group of people performing the same action in relation to each other, it is necessary to use the form one another. For example:

We are a united family and always help one another. We are a friendly family and always help each other.

People of different generations have difficulties in understanding one another - People of different generations have difficulty understanding each other.

This is what the pronoun system looks like in English. There is nothing complicated in it, since some groups of functional words are formed from others: reflexive and possessive - from personal, mutual - from indefinite, etc.

Having studied and understood the theory, start practicing in various types of exercises. The more often you do this, the sooner you will achieve a noticeable result: you will start using English pronouns in your speech without hesitation.

We quite often use in our speech, both in Russian and in English. Why do you think? Yes, because without them we will not be able to say who or what the object or object belongs to. They indicate ownership and answer the question Whose? - Whose? Whose? Whose? Whose? By the way, in English, possessive pronouns are used even more often than in Russian. In some cases, we can skip the pronoun, but in English it needs to be put. For example:

She put her gloves in her pocket.
She put her gloves in her pocket.

Possessive pronouns in English correspond to personal pronouns. They have two forms - attached and absolute.

Attached form

This form of possessive pronouns is called attached, since it is used only together with a noun, as if joining it: possessive pronoun + noun. Such a pronoun is an attribute to a noun and always comes before it. The article is not used in this case.

This is my dog.
This is my dog.

Yesterday I saw your sister.
Yesterday I saw your sister.

Their children are at school now.
Them the kids are at school now.

If there are other definitions before the noun, then the possessive pronoun precedes the whole phrase:

Where's your new green folder?
Where your new green folder?

If the sentence contains the words all or both, then the possessive pronouns are placed after them:

Both her daughters are married.
Both her daughters are married.

All my friends have cars.
Everyone has my friends have cars.

It is worth remembering that in English there is no pronoun "one's own". One of the possessive pronouns is used instead:

He loves his wife.
He loves his his) wife.

I met my friend.
I met my my) friend.

As we said earlier, in some cases in Russian, possessive pronouns are omitted. This happens when we talk about our relatives, body parts, clothing or personal items. But in English, in such cases, the possessive pronoun is mandatory:

My mother came to me.
Mom came to me.

I washed my hands.
I washed my hands.

Absolute form

If a possessive pronoun is used without a noun, actually replacing it, then it is put in the absolute form. This form is used to avoid repetition of already named nouns.

This is my car and that is yours.
This is my car, and that one yours.

Whose glasses are that? – It's mine.
Whose glasses are these? - My.

In a sentence, such a pronoun can be

• subject to:

Our house is small and theirs is big.
Our house is small them- large.

Is this your dog? - no, mine is at home.
Is it your dog? - Not, my Houses.

• nominal part of the predicate:

These are my children and those are hers.
These are my children, and those her.

Here is my wife. And where is yours?
Here is my wife. And where your?

• addition:

His daughter is older than yours.
His daughter is older than yours.

Your place is not far from mine.
Your home is not far from my.

Since possessive pronouns are used quite often in English, you need to know them and be able to put them into practice. To apply your new knowledge in conversational speech, check out the channel "English - Speak Freely!", where people from different countries hone their English. We are waiting for you on the air!