Name: Physics Course - Volume 1 - Mechanics. Molecular physics. 1989.
The content and arrangement of the material correspond to the program of the course "Physics" for engineering and technical specialties of universities, approved by the Educational and Methodological Directorate for Higher Education of the USSR Ministry of Higher Education. The main attention is paid to the explanation of physical laws and their conscious application. The new course differs significantly from the "Course of General Physics" by the same author (M.: Nauka, 1986-1988) in the selection of material, the level and method of presentation.
For students and teachers of higher technical educational institutions; can be used by students from other universities.
A physical theory is a system of basic ideas that generalizes experimental data and reflects the objective laws of nature. Physical theory gives an explanation of the whole field of nature's incandescences from a unified point of view.
PART 1
PHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CLASSICAL MECHANICS
Chapter 1. Kinematics of a material point
§ 1. Mechanical movement
§ 2. Vectors
§ 3. Speed
§ 4. Acceleration
§ 5. Translational motion of a rigid body
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 2
§ 6. Inertial frames of reference. Law of inertia
§ 7. Force and mass
§ 8. Newton's second law
§ 9. Units and dimensions of physical quantities
§ 10. Newton's third law
§eleven. Forces
§ 12. Gravity and weight
§ 13. Elastic forces
§ 14. Forces of friction
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 3
§ 15. Conserved quantities
§ 16. Law of conservation of momentum
§ 17. Energy and work
§ 18. Scalar product of vectors
§ 19. Kinetic energy and work
§ 20 Work
§ 21. Conservative forces
§ 22. Potential energy of a material point in an external force field
§ 23. Potential interaction energy
§ 24. Law of conservation of energy
§ 25. Collision of bodies
§ 26. Moment of force
§ 27. Law of conservation of angular momentum
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 4. Rigid Body Mechanics
§ 28. Kinematics of rotational motion
§ 29. Plane motion of a rigid body
§ 30. Motion of the center of mass of a rigid body
§ 31. Rotation of a rigid body around a fixed smallpox
§ 32. Moment of inertia
§ 33. Kinetic energy of a rotating body
§ 34. Kinetic energy of a body in plane motion
§ 35. Gyroscopes
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 5
§ 36. Forces of inertia
§ 37. Centrifugal force of inertia
§ 38. Coriolis force
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 6 Fluid Mechanics
§ 39. Description of the movement of liquids
§ 40. Bernoulli equation
§ 41. Outflow of liquid from a hole
§ 42. Viscosity. Fluid flow in pipes
§ 43. Movement of bodies in liquids and gases
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 7
§ 44. Galileo's principle of relativity
§ 45. Postulates of the special theory of relativity
§ 46. Lorentz transformations
§ 47. Consequences of the Lorentz transformations
§ 48. Interval
§ 49. Transformation and addition of velocities
§ 50. Relativistic impulse
§ 51. Relativistic expression for energy
§ 52. The relationship of mass and rest energy
§ 53. Particles with zero mass
$ 54. Limits of applicability of Newtonian mechanics
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 8
§ 55. Law of gravity
§ 53. Gravitational field
§ 57. Cosmic speeds
§ 58. Reflection on the general theory of relativity
Examples of problem solving
PART 2
FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
Chapter 9
§ 59. Statistical physics and thermodynamics
§ 60. State of the thermodynamic system. Process
§ 61. Molecular-kinetic representations
§ 62. The equation of state of an ideal gas
§ 63. Gas pressure on the vessel wall
§ 64. Average energy of molecules
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 10
§ 65. Internal energy of a thermodynamic system
§ 66. Work done by a body with changes in its volume
§ 67. The first law of thermodynamics
§ 68. Internal energy and heat capacity of an ideal gas
§ 69. The adiabatic equation for an ideal gas
§ 70. Polytropic processes
§ 71. Work done by an ideal gas in various processes
§ 72. The classical theory of the heat capacity of an ideal gas
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 11
§ 73. Probability distribution function
§ 74. Maxwell distribution
§ 75. Barometric formula
§ 76. Boltzmann distribution4
§ 77. Perron's definition of the Avogadro constant
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 12
§ 78. The length of the free path of molecules
§ 79. Empirical equations of the transfer phenomenon
§ 80. Molecular-kinetic theory of transport phenomena in gases
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 13
§ 81. Micro and macro states. Statistical weight
§ 82. Entropy
§ 83. Entropy of an ideal gas
§ 84. The second law of thermodynamics
§ 85. Efficiency of a heat engine
§ 86. Carnot cycle
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 14
§ 87. Van der Waals equation
§ 88. Experimental isotherms
§ 89. Phase transformations
Examples of problem solving
Chapter 15
§ 90. Distinctive features of the crystalline state
§ 91. Physical types of crystals
§ 92. The structure of liquids
§ 93. Surface tension
§ 94. Capillary phenomena
Examples of problem solving
name index
Subject index
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Publishing house "Nauka"
Main edition of physical and mathematical literature
I. V. Saveliev
Mechanics, vibrations and waves,
COURSE OF GENERAL PHYSICS, VOL. I
Molecular physics
The main goal of the book is to acquaint students, first of all, with the basic ideas and methods of physics. Particular attention is paid to the explanation of the meaning of physical laws and their conscious application. Despite the relatively small volume, the book is a serious guide that provides sufficient preparation for the successful assimilation in the future of theoretical physics and other physical disciplines.
Preface to the fourth edition
The book has been significantly revised in preparation for this edition. Rewritten (in whole or in part) paragraphs 7, 17, 18, 22, 27, 33, 36, 37, 40, 43, 68, 88. Significant additions or changes made in paragraphs 2, 11, 81, 89, 104, 113 .
Earlier, in preparation for the second and third editions, paragraphs 14, 73, 75 were rewritten. Significant changes or additions were made to paragraphs 109, 114, 133, 143.
Thus, in comparison with the first edition, the appearance of the first volume has changed markedly. These changes reflect the methodological experience accumulated by the author during the last ten years of teaching general physics at the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute.
November 1969 I. Savelyev
From the preface to the fourth edition
The book brought to the attention of readers is the first volume of a textbook on the course of general physics for technical colleges. The author taught general physics for a number of years at the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. It is natural, therefore, that he wrote the manual with in mind, first of all, students of engineering and physics specialties of technical universities.
When writing the book, the author sought to acquaint students with the basic ideas and methods of physical science, to teach them to think physically. Therefore, the book is not encyclopedic in nature, the content is mainly devoted to clarifying the meaning of physical laws and teaching how to consciously apply them. Not the reader's awareness of the widest possible range of issues, but deep knowledge of the fundamental foundations of physical science - that's what the author sought to achieve.
Volume 1. Mechanics, SRT, molecular physics 5.9 Mb . . . . . Download
Volume 2. Electricity and magnetism, optics (classical) 4.3 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
Volume 3. Quantum physics (optics, atom, nucleus) 5.7 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Download
1a. I.V. Saveliev. Collection of questions and problems in general physics. 270 pp. djvu. 3.2 MB. Taskbook for the course of the same name.
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1b. Babajan, Gervids, Dubovik, Nersesov. Tasks and questions throughout the course of general physics. 5.2 MB. Written by authors from MEPhI for the course of I.V. Saveliev.
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2. D.V. Sivukhin. Course of general physics in 6 volumes.
Volume 1. Mechanics. 5.4 Mb . . . .Download
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Volume 4. Optics. 18.1 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .download
Volume 5. Part 1. Atomic physics. 9.3 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . download
Volume 6. Part 2. Nuclear physics. 12.4 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . download
2a. Sivukhin et al. Collection of tasks for the general course of physics. 2006 In 5 books. djvu.
The problem book uses the experience of teaching the general course of physics at Moscow State University, the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute. V. I. Lenin. According to the degree of difficulty, the tasks cover a wide range: from the most elementary to tasks that are at the level of original scientific research, the implementation of which is possible on the basis of an in-depth knowledge of the general course of physics.
For students of physical specialties of higher educational institutions.
I. Mechanics. 2.5 Mb... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .download
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III. electricity and magnetism. 2.5 Mb... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . download
IV. Optics. 2.4 Mb... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . download
V. Atomic physics. Physics of the nucleus and elementary particles. 2.8 Mb... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . download
3. Team of authors. Fundamentals of physics. Course of General Physics: Textbook. In 2 volumes. 2001. djvu.
This textbook - the winner of the competition of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation - is addressed to students of technical universities with an in-depth study of physics, as well as students of the physics and mathematics departments of classical universities. The presentation is carried out at the modern level with a fairly high degree of formalization, but the reader is not expected to have mathematical training that goes beyond the technical university - all the necessary additional information is included directly in this course.
The course corresponds to the undergraduate program in technical specialties.
Volume 1. Kingsep AS, Lokshin GR, Ol'khov OA Mechanics, electricity and magnetism, oscillations and waves, wave optics - 560 pages 5.4 Mb. The subject of the first volume is mechanics, electrodynamics and physics of wave processes (including physical optics).
Volume. 2. Belonuchkin V.E., Zaikin D.A., Tsipenyuk Yu.M. Quantum and statistical physics - 504 pages 5.6 Mb. The subject of the second volume is quantum physics of the atom, nucleus and elementary particles, as well as statistical physics and thermodynamics. In the final section, the evolution of our views from the classical to the quantum system of nature description is analyzed, the question of the origin of the world and the behavior of matter under extreme conditions is considered.
The material is presented in sufficient detail and clearly. I recommend.
Volume 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .download
Volume 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .download
4. I.E. Herodov. Course of general physics in 5 volumes. Removed at the request of the organization Association Russian Shield
6a. A.N. Matveev. Course of General Physics of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University in 5 volumes. djvu.
1. Mechanics and the theory of relativity. 430 pages 5.1 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
2. Molecular physics. 400 pages 11.0 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
3. Electricity and magnetism. 460 pages 5.5 Mb.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
4. Optics. 350 pages 13.6 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
5. Atomic physics. 440 pages 5.3 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
6b. A.V. Astakhov, Yu.M. Shirokov. Ed. Yu.M.Shirokova. Course of General Physics of the Physics Faculty of MGI in 3 volumes. djvu.
1. Mechanics and the theory of relativity. 384 pages 10.5 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
2. Molecular physics. 360 pages 10.9 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
3. Electricity and magnetism. 240 pages 6.5 Mb.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
8. R. Feynman et al. Course of lectures + problem book with solutions, 10 volumes. djvu.
1. Modern science of nature. The laws of mechanics. 260 pages 2.7 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
2. Space, time, movement. 160 pages 1.7 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
3. Radiation, waves, quanta. 230 pages 2.9 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
4. Kinetics, warmth, sound. 260 pages 2.8 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Download
5. Electricity and magnetism. 290 pages 2.9 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Download
6. Electrodynamics. 340 pages 2.9 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Download
7. Physics of continuous media. 290 pages 3.0 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Download
8. Quantum mechanics 1. 270 pages 3.9 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .Download
9. Quantum mechanics 2. 550 pages 2.5 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
10. Tasks and exercises with answers and solutions. 620 pages 5.3 Mb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
Volume 1. Kittel C. Knight W. Ruderman M. Mechanics. 12.6 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
Volume 2. Purcell E. Electricity and magnetism. 13.9 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
Volume 3. Crawford F. Waves. 15.6 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
Volume 4. Vihman E. Quantum physics. 12.8 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
Volume 5. Reif F. Statistical Physics. 7.0 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
A. Portis. Physical laboratory. 1972 322 pages djvu. 8.0 Mb.
The book makes an original attempt to create a laboratory practice corresponding to the spirit of modern physical research, based on modern electronic methods of observation and measurement.
When creating the workshop, the authors proceeded from the fact that a significant part of theoretical issues can be explained with the help of analogies and that this particular method of presentation is best suited for a laboratory course. Therefore, this physics workshop is very different from other workshops created under the influence of historical traditions and research methods.
Ideologically connected with the five-volume Berkeley Course in Physics, the book is essentially its integral part.
It can be a good source of labs for other courses at both universities and technical colleges.
The book discusses and explains in detail many physical problems, which is of independent interest in the study of general physics, not associated with either the Berkeley course or the practical work.
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10. Paul. Course of general physics in 3 volumes. djvu.
Volume 1. Mechanics, acoustics, the doctrine of heat. 10.7 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
Volume 2. The doctrine of electricity. 12.1 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
Volume 3. Optics and Atomic Physics. 10.7 MB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Download
10. L. Cooper. Physics for everyone. In 2 volumes. 1973 djvu. 9.2 MB.
The book of one of the prominent American physicists, Nobel Prize winner Leon Cooper contains a popular exposition of all physics: from the mechanics of Galileo - Newton to quantum mechanics and the theory of elementary particles. The author does not confine himself to a simple consideration of certain branches of physics, but analyzes the foundations of physical phenomena, finds out the connection between them. L. Cooper brilliantly uses the pen of a popularizer, so that even complex things he presents simply, lively and exciting.
Volume 1 covers the "classical" sections of physics: mechanics, optics, electricity, molecular physics and thermodynamics, considered from the standpoint of modern science.
Volume 2 covers the following issues: the theory of relativity, elements of quantum mechanics, the structure of the atom and the atomic nucleus, elementary particle physics and other problems of physics in recent years.
Vol. 1. 483 pages 11.3 Mb. Vol. 2. 384 pp. 9.2 MB.
The relevant sections of this book should be read before you began to read general physics according to I.V. Saveliev or another textbook.
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11. K.A. Putilov. Physics course. In 3 volumes. 1963 djvu.
This three-volume physics course is intended as a textbook for higher educational institutions with an extended program of physics. The first volume outlines the physical foundations of mechanics, acoustics, molecular physics and thermodynamics, the second - the doctrine of electricity, the third - optics and atomic physics. The main attention is paid to the achievements of experimental physics, the explanation of the basic laws of physics and the characteristics of the technical applications of physics. Historical information is given and some philosophical questions of physics are considered.
Volume 1. 560 pages 15.9 Mb. Volume 2. 583 pages 18.1 pages Volume 3. 639 pages 18.3 Mb. Together with Fabrikant.
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12. Chernoutsan A. I. A short course in physics. 2002 320 pages djvu. 3.2 MB.
The book contains a concise presentation of all the main issues of the physics course included in the training programs for bachelors and specialists in engineering and physics specialties of technical universities. It does not pretend to be the main textbook, but is a useful addition to the well-known physics courses listed in the bibliography. It is convenient to use it to repeat the material covered immediately before the test, colloquium or exam, as well as to quickly restore forgotten material in memory. The book will be useful not only for students, but also for teachers, as well as for those engineers and researchers who need to remember certain sections of a forgotten physics course.
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13. Lozovsky V. N. Physics course. T. 1. 2000. 580 pages 4.8 MB.
The textbook is compiled taking into account the requirements of state educational standards for technical specialties of higher educational institutions. Its content base corresponds to the basic program in the discipline "Physics" for technical universities, approved by the Presidium of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Russian Federation for Higher Education. This textbook is recognized as one of the winners of the competition for the creation of new textbooks in general natural sciences for higher educational institutions.
The textbook is intended for students of technical specialties.
I did not find the second volume. If you know where, write. The first volume includes Mechanics, Molecular, Electricity, Optics. So what is missing is only atomic and nuclear physics.
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14. D. Giancoli. Physics. In 2 volumes. 1989 dgvu.
Volume 1. 859 pages 8.7 Mb. Volume 1 deals with kinematics, dynamics, hydrodynamics, oscillations, waves, sound, and thermodynamics.
Volume 2. 673 pages 8.8 Mb. Volume 2 discusses: electricity, magnetism, optics, the special theory of relativity, the theory of elementary particles.
Written in a lively and fascinating form, the book by an American scientist covers a large amount of material on all sections of classical and modern physics. The presentation uses the foundations of differential and integral calculus. Each chapter is provided with well-chosen tasks and questions indicating the category of difficulty.
For high school students who want to study physics in more depth, for first-year students of natural science and technical universities, for teachers of secondary schools and first-year university students, as well as for everyone who wants to expand their knowledge about the world around us.
I recommend this course not only to junior students, but also to their teachers. In this course, in the second volume, questions are considered that are not even mentioned in other widely used textbooks. The course contains pictures with demonstrations that are shown when reading a general physics course. The presentation is as clear as possible.
I can only express regret that school teachers read all sorts of rubbish about the exam and do not read such books.
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15. P. A. Tipler and R. A. Llewellyn. Modern physics. In 2 volumes. 2007 dgvu.
Volume 1. 497 pages 8.5 Mb. Volume 1 deals with the theory of relativity, the structure of the atom, the foundations of quantum mechanics, and statistical physics.
Volume 2. 417 pages 7.3 Mb. Volume 2 discusses the structure of molecules and spectra, solid state physics, nuclear physics, nuclear reactions and their applications, and the theory of elementary particles.
The book of well-known American authors contains a consistent presentation of the final sections of general physics, including the latest results obtained at the turn of the 21st century.
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16. N. V. Gulia. Amazing physics. What the textbooks missed. 2005 year. chm. 11.8 MB.
The book of the famous Russian scientist and popularizer of science, Doctor of Technical Sciences. Professor Gulia Nurbey Vladimirovich "Amazing Physics". The book is designed to surprise the reader - that's how unfamiliar, full of secrets and paradoxes this physics is! That's how much unusual and mysterious in it, how many questions received a new, different interpretation than in textbooks. Many of the provisions of physics, which seemed dry, purely abstract, are materially confirmed by examples from wildlife, technology, new inventions and discoveries.
From the conclusion:
Therefore, even luminaries in narrow specialties need general physics, at least as an annotation or table of contents to the huge and incomprehensible “Book of Sciences” for one person, so as not to get confused in simple but unfamiliar things, to understand what is happening nearby, in a neighboring department, in a neighboring laboratory .
In a word, general physics went through the second round of its spiral development, no longer as the progenitor of all natural, and then technical sciences, but rather as a guide to them.
And the author wishes the reader, if possible, not to get lost in this boundless scientific ocean, although he would not advise looking for a single, short and straight road in science either. Because most often only dead ends are short and straight. So, with physics - to a happy creative life!
And I advise you to read it.
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17. Marion J. B. Physics and the physical world. 1975 628 pp. djvu. 24.2 Mb..
The book is an introductory overview of all modern physics, from the well-established classical sections of it to the latest achievements in the field of elementary particle physics and astrophysics. The author set a goal to bring the reader to the fundamental ideas of physics and to reveal some of the modern concepts that were developed in the middle of the 20th century. With this task, he coped brilliantly. The book is written quite strictly, with great pedagogical skill. It shows the beauty, romance and greatness of scientific research. The author does not use higher mathematics, the presentation is accompanied by numerous examples and illustrative drawings. The book will be read with pleasure by the widest range of readers: engineers and scientists, teachers of higher and secondary schools, students and high school students.
I recommend it especially to those who have difficulty with physics. But the book is also useful for teachers of physics.
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18. V.F. Dmitrieva, V.L. Prokofiev. Fundamentals of physics. Uch. allowance. year 2001. 527 pp. djvu. 11.9 MB.
This textbook is considered self-sufficient, because it contains theoretical questions of the course of physics, told from modern positions, examples of problem solving in all sections of the course, tasks for independent solution, and all the important reference material. Emphasis is placed on the presentation of the main ideas and methods of physical science. The role of solid experiments in the formation of progressive physics is shown. Explanations of physical phenomena, fundamental laws and concepts are given with a view to their subsequent use for solving actual problems.
The best book if you have one day left to prepare for the exam.
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19. Ledenev A. N. Physics. Textbook for universities. In 5 books. djvu. Book. 1. Mechanics. 2005. 240 pages 2.2 Mb.
Book. 2.Molecular physics and thermodynamics. 2005. 208 pages 1.66 Mb.
Dear A.N., for 30 years of work I have looked at many textbooks. You did an excellent job with the task in the preface. Both books are very clear. I did not find a continuation on the network, and also your patronymic name. If you have an electronic version of other volumes, could you send them for placement. I will be very grateful, and all the students too.
If someone can send books or a download link, please help. You can leave the link as a guest.
Download 1
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NEW. 20. Kingsep A.S., Tsipenyuk Yu.M. editors. Fundamentals of physics. Course of general physics. Textbook. In 2 volumes. year 2001. djvu.
Volume 1. 560 pages. Mechanics, electricity and magnetism, oscillations and waves, wave optics.
Volume 2. 504 pages. Quantum and statistical physics, thermodynamics. In the final section, the evolution of our views from the classical to the quantum system of describing nature is analyzed, the question of the origin of the world, the behavior of matter under extreme conditions is discussed.
This textbook - the winner of the competition of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation - is addressed to students of technical universities with in-depth study of physics, as well as students of physics and mathematics departments of classical universities. The presentation is carried out at a modern level with a fairly high degree of formalization, but the reader is not expected to have mathematical training that goes beyond the technical university - all the necessary additional information is included directly in this course. The course corresponds to the undergraduate program in technical specialties.
The material is presented in sufficient detail and clearly.
The book is the first volume of a three-volume general physics course created by the head of the general physics department of the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR, State Prize laureate, Professor I. V. Savelyev. The main goal of the book is to introduce students to the basic ideas and methods of physics. Particular attention is paid to the explanation of the meaning of physical laws and their conscious application. This course is intended primarily for universities with an extended program in physics. However, the presentation is structured in such a way that, by omitting certain places, this book can be used as a textbook for technical colleges with a regular program.
KINEMATICS.
mechanical movement
The simplest form of motion of matter is mechanical motion, which consists in moving bodies or their parts relative to each other. We observe the movements of bodies every day in everyday life. From this follows the clarity of mechanical representations. This also explains the fact that, of all the natural sciences, mechanics has been widely developed before others. The set of bodies allocated for consideration is called a mechanical system. Which bodies should be included in the system depends on the nature of the problem being solved. In a particular case, the system may consist of a single body. It was stated above that a change in the mutual arrangement of bodies is called motion in mechanics. If we imagine a separate isolated body located in a space where there are no other bodies, then we will not be able to talk about the movement of such a body, because there is nothing in relation to which this body could change its position. It follows from this that if we are going to study the motion of a body, then it is imperative to indicate in relation to which other bodies this motion occurs.
Movement occurs both in space and in time (space and time are integral forms of the existence of matter). Therefore, to describe the movement, it is also necessary to determine the time. This is done with a watch. A set of bodies that are motionless relative to each other, in relation to which the movement is considered, and clocks counting time, forms a frame of reference.
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