In Moscow, on April 26 (May 7), 1755, the first university in our country was opened, more precisely, on that day a part of the university was opened - a gymnasium, but three months later classes began at the university itself. The opening of the university was solemn. The only newspaper in Russia at that time said that about 4 thousand guests visited the university building on Red Square that day, music blared all day, illuminations burned, “there were an uncountable number of people, through the whole day, even until four in the morning.

The need for a university

The economic and socio-political development of the Russian Empire in the middle of the 18th century required a significant number of educated people. Petersburg Academic University, military educational institutions and professional schools could not satisfy the state's needs for domestic specialists. Among the most enlightened people in Russia, the idea of ​​the need to create a classical state university was ripening, where not only nobles, but also raznochintsy could study.
In 1741, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna took the Russian throne. It contributed to the development of domestic science and culture, brought educated people closer to itself. Her official policy in the field of education was to continue the work begun by her father, Emperor Peter I. He dreamed of a university that would become a center of science and culture.

Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov

An important role in the implementation of the educational policy of Russia was played by the favorite of the Empress, the chamber junker I.I. Shuvalov. In the 1750s, Shuvalov had a noticeable influence on the domestic and foreign policy of Russia, promoted the development of Russian science and art, and provided patronage to scientists, writers and artists. Among other things, he supported many of the undertakings of M. V. Lomonosov. Under his patronage, Moscow University was founded in 1755 (Shuvalov became its first curator), and in 1757 the Academy of Arts was established (Shuvalov was its president until 1763). A young, charming, patriotic nobleman significantly influenced the development of domestic science and culture, patronized Russian scientists, writers, poets, and artists. Thanks to the commonwealth and cooperation of Count Shuvalov and Academician Lomonosov, the idea of ​​​​creating a Moscow University was born. Count Shuvalov had no doubt that if Russia was given education, it would "compete in education" on an equal footing with all the developed peoples of Europe. These thoughts and aspirations brought him closer to M.V. Lomonosov, whom Count Shuvalov valued as an outstanding Russian scientist.

The idea of ​​creating a university was embodied in the project of I.I. Shuvalov, written jointly with M.V. Lomonosov, which the Empress approved on January 24, 1755 by a personal decree “On the establishment of Moscow University and two gymnasiums”. But more common is the assertion that Moscow University was created thanks to the care of the great Russian scientist Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov, whose name it bears.

Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov

Moscow University was not the first university in Russia, but it was the first university that accepted all young people without exception, regardless of what class they belong to. From a young man entering the university, one thing was required: that he be talented and want to study.

There has never been such a university in Russia. True, in 1725 the Academy of Sciences with a university was opened in St. Petersburg. Despite the fact that the most advanced scientists of Russia taught there: M.V. Lomonosov, S.P. Krasheninnikov, G.V. Richman, they never managed to turn the St. Petersburg Academic University into an all-Russian center of education. Foreign academics sought to maintain their exclusive position in Russia, so foreign students and teachers were preferred instead of “discovering” domestic talents in Russia.

In the winter of 1753, Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov left St. Petersburg for Moscow, where at that time the court of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna was located, and began to work hard to establish a university here. He developed a draft, which outlined the main provisions of the structure and activities of the first national university, and presented it to I.I. Shuvalov. Thus, Count I.I. Shuvalov became the second person to whom Moscow University owes its discovery.

On January 12 (25), 1755, on Tatyana's Day, the Empress signed a decree on the founding of Moscow University, curators of which were I.I. Shuvalov, L. Blumentrost (life physician), and director - A.M. Argamakov.

The first professors were mostly foreigners, only two of them were Russians: N.N. Popovsky in literature and philosophy and A.A. Barsov in mathematics and literature, as well as a teacher of Russian and Latin languages ​​​​F.Ya. Yaremsky - they were students of St. Petersburg Academic University.

Although Lomonosov did not attend the opening of the university and did not teach there, he took an active part in the development of Moscow University: he made sure that lectures at the first Russian university were read by Russian professors and in Russian. His efforts were crowned with success only 3 years after his death. According to the Decree of Catherine II, "for the better dissemination of sciences in Russia, lectures began in all three faculties by natural Russians in the Russian language."

The Apothecary House was chosen as the building for Moscow University, located next to Red Square at the Kuryatnye (now Resurrection) Gates. It was built at the end of the 17th century. and resembled in its design the famous Sukharev tower. On August 8, 1754, the Empress Elizabeth signed the decree on the transfer of the Apothecary House to the Moscow University, which was being opened.

Organization of the educational process

Initially, three faculties were formed at Moscow University with a staff of 10 professors. The Faculty of Philosophy was supposed to have four professors: philosophy, physics, eloquence and history. Three professors worked at the Faculty of Law: general and Russian jurisprudence, as well as politics. It was planned that the Faculty of Medicine would have three professors: chemistry, natural history and anatomy (there were vacancies here for several years).

Scheduled classes at the faculties were held five days a week. Students were required to attend all public lectures, and those who wished could also listen to additional courses. In addition, all students participated in monthly debates, which were led by full-time university professors. A week before the next debate, its topics and the names of the speakers from among the students were announced. At the end of each semester, open debates were organized at the university with the participation of professors, all students and admirers of science from among the inhabitants of Moscow. Preparation for debates helped students in their studies. The formation of Moscow University was difficult. The number of students grew slowly - in 1758 there were only 100 of them.

Only 30 students received from the treasury a salary of 40 rubles. a year, and the rest lived on their own means. In the minutes of the university conference dated July 2, 1759, there is the following entry: “One of the reasons that prevented the success of classes was the lack of textbooks, which state-owned students could not acquire due to poverty.”

At the end of 1757, Count I.I. Shuvalov ordered that money be spent on shoes and dresses in order to adequately dress the students. At the same time, it was ordered to issue state-owned cash "in addition to the salary for food, half a month each." The instruction to the director of the university (§22) forbade students to enter the classrooms in shearling fur coats, gray caftans and bast shoes, which was considered the clothes of the poor. During the life of Lomonosov, Moscow University was not yet Imperial: the educational institution was directly subordinate to the Governing Senate, and its professorship was not subject to any court, except for the university. The activities of the university were regulated by the "Highly Approved Project on the Establishment of Moscow University". Only under Alexander I, in 1804, was a new charter of His Imperial Majesty Moscow University adopted, according to which the rector was annually elected by the professorial assembly and approved personally by the emperor. From that time until 1917, the university was called the Imperial Moscow University.

Badge of a graduate of the Imperial Moscow University

Strengthening discipline among students, encouraging their diligence in their studies, was rewarded with small swords, which gave personal nobility. For special merits, the best students received early military ranks ahead of schedule. Studying at Moscow University was equated with military service. Finishing the full course of the university, the student received the chief officer rank (military rank of junior reserve officer).

From spring in the evening, students and university gymnasiums were involved in military training. Students and gymnasium students formed a university amusing battalion, its review was held every autumn by the Moscow military commandant or one of the chiefs of the regiments stationed in the city.

Initially, students were not charged tuition fees, but state appropriations only partially covered the needs of the university, so in the future, poor students began to be exempted from fees. The university management had to find additional sources of income, not excluding even commercial activities. Huge material assistance was provided by patrons (Demidovs, Stroganovs, E.R. Dashkova, etc.). They acquired and donated to the university scientific instruments, collections, books, established scholarships for students. Do not forget your university and graduates. At a difficult time for the university, they raised funds by subscription. According to the established tradition, professors bequeathed their personal collections to the university library. Among them are the richest collections of I.M. Snegireva, P.Ya. Petrova, T.N. Granovsky, S.M. Solovyova, F.I. Buslaeva, N.K. Gudzia, I.G. Petrovsky and others.

Moscow University played a prominent role in the dissemination and popularization of scientific knowledge. The lectures of university professors and student debates could be attended by the public.

In April 1756, a printing house and a bookshop were opened at Moscow University on Mokhovaya Street. This marked the beginning of domestic book publishing. At the same time, the university began publishing twice a week the first non-governmental newspaper in the country, Moskovskie Vedomosti, and from January 1760, the first literary magazine in Moscow, Useful Entertainment. For ten years, from 1779 to 1789, the printing house was headed by a pupil of the university gymnasium, the outstanding Russian educator N.I. Novikov.

For over 100 years, the university library was the only public library in Moscow.

In the 19th century, the first scientific societies were formed at the university: Testers of Nature, Russian History and Antiquities, and Lovers of Russian Literature.

The combination of the tasks of education, science and culture in the activities of the Moscow University turned it, in the words of A.I. Herzen, into the "center of Russian education", one of the centers of world culture.

Tatyana's Day

There is a version that I.I. Shuvalov presented Elizaveta Petrovna with the Decree on the University precisely on January 25, in order to please his mother, who had a birthday that day. Since then, the celebration of Tatiana's Day, first of all, as the day of the founding of the University, has become traditional and loved by everyone who was lucky enough to study in this temple of science.

Holy Martyr Tatiana. Icon

Holy Martyr Tatiana

The Holy Martyr Tatiana was born into a noble Roman family - her father was elected consul three times. He was a secret Christian and raised a daughter devoted to God and the Church. Having reached adulthood, Tatiana did not marry and gave all her strength to the Church. She was made a deaconess in one of the Roman churches and served God, caring for the sick in fasting and prayer and helping those in need. Tatiana's righteousness was to be crowned with a crown of martyrdom.

When sixteen-year-old Alexander Severus (222-235) began to rule Rome, all power was concentrated in the hands of Ulpian, the worst enemy and persecutor of Christians. Christian blood flowed like a river. Deaconess Tatian was also captured. When she was brought to the temple of Apollo to force her to sacrifice to the idol, the saint prayed, and suddenly an earthquake occurred, the idol was blown to pieces, and part of the temple collapsed and crushed the priests and many pagans. Then they began to beat the holy virgin, gouged out her eyes, but she endured everything courageously, praying for her tormentors that the Lord would open their spiritual eyes to them. For three days she was tormented, but she did not renounce Christ. All the tortures of the tormentors were exhausted, she was sentenced to death, and the courageous sufferer was beheaded with a sword. Together with her, as a Christian, the father of Saint Tatiana, who revealed to her the truths of the faith of Christ, was also executed.

From the beginning of its foundation, the holiday was not celebrated magnificently and included a prayer service in the university church and small celebrations. However, in the 60s of the 19th century, January 25 became an unofficial student holiday, which was divided into official and unofficial parts. Official celebrations included: lunch in the dining room, a prayer service in the university church on Mokhovaya, the rector's address to students and the presentation of awards, as well as walks around the university premises: auditoriums and libraries.

After that, an unofficial program began. Students had fun and walked around the center of Moscow in groups, singing songs. The police treated the noisy students with understanding, and in the morning the police wrote the address with chalk on the backs of the students who went too far and took them home. On this holiday, all differences were erased: teachers walked with students, the rich had fun with the poor. Wealthy students dressed in a simple way and had fun with the rest of the students on the street. University graduates also celebrated this holiday with great pleasure. Thus, the founding day of the university has become a favorite holiday for all students in the country.

The holiday was so cheerful that everyone who could join and walk on this day, and a university graduate A.P. Chekhov once said about the celebration of Tatyana’s Day: “Everyone drank that day, except the Moskva River, and that was due to the fact that it was frozen ... Pianos and grand pianos crackled, orchestras did not stop. It was so fun that one student, out of an excess of feelings, bathed in a tank where sterlets swim.

After the celebration of the centenary in 1855, a tradition arose to arrange an annual meeting of graduates of Moscow University on Tatiana's Day as a regular celebration.

After the revolution, the Bolsheviks considered the holiday too violent. In 1918, the university church was closed, and a reading room was set up in it. The holiday "Tatiana's Day" was replaced in 1923 with the "Day of the Proletarian Students", and the celebration of Tatiana's Day was banned. In 1992, after Viktor Antonovich Sadovnichy took office as rector, the tradition of celebrating Tatyana's Day at Moscow University was renewed.

Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov is older and larger than all other universities in Moscow. It is rightly called the center of national science. It consists of 40 faculties and a little over 300 departments. Approximately 50,000 people study at the Moscow State University at a time, of which 10,000 are enrolled in preparatory courses, 36,000 are students, and about 4,000 are graduate students. The teaching staff consists of about 4,000 people. And where did it all begin?

background

In 1741, the daughter of Peter I, Elizaveta Petrovna, came to the Russian throne. She set herself the goal of creating a special form of government in the Russian Empire: an enlightened monarchy. Bringing the most educated people of her time closer to her, she strongly encouraged the development of the sphere of science and the spread of culture.

Formally, the first Moscow University cannot be called the first in the country. In St. Petersburg, at that time the capital, the Academy of Sciences was opened a quarter of a century earlier. However, teaching there was predominantly done by foreign academics, who preferred foreign students. In addition, only representatives of the nobility could get an education there. All this did not allow the Academy of Sciences to become the basis of Russian education.

At the same time, the need of the Russian Empire for its own specialists was constantly growing. In the ranks of the advanced people of that time, an idea appeared - to create a higher educational institution in which, in addition to the nobles, persons of other classes would study. The history of Moscow University began with this idea.

The role of Lomonosov in the organization of the university

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov is one of the initiators of the creation of the State University in Moscow. He developed the structure of a new type of educational institution, and also made plans for its development in the early years of its existence. In particular, he sought to ensure that Russian teachers taught in Russian, and not in Latin, as was customary before, the language. After all, as Lomonosov believed, Moscow University should become the center of Russian science. True, it was not possible to realize this immediately, it was necessary first to grow cadres.

The merits of I. I. Shuvalov in the matter of education

Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov - a favorite of the Empress, an educated and influential person, took care of scientists and representatives of creative professions. He supported various ideas of M. V. Lomonosov, and approved the proposal to create a university for all classes. The opening of Moscow University was celebrated on a grand scale. After that, Elizabeth appointed I. I. Shuvalov as his curator. He followed the course of the educational process and provided all kinds of assistance to the university at the stage of its formation.

On January 25, the day of the Holy Great Martyr Tatyana, Elizabeth signed a project on the organization of a new university. Today this day, later called Student's Day, is celebrated by students throughout the country. And even then, in 1755, it was celebrated on a grand scale. Music played all day long, the building shone with bright lights. Thousands of people gathered for the celebration and did not disperse until late at night.

Formation of the material and technical base

The opening of Moscow University rallied people around a common cause. Funding for its development came from various sources. The Empress allocated about 15,000 rubles, a huge amount at that time. The money went to the formation of library funds, the creation of laboratories with all the necessary devices. A significant contribution was made by patrons, primarily the Demidov and Stroganov families. They provided funds for books, equipment, and student scholarships.

Subsequently, the collection of money for the needs of the university was also carried out by its graduates, who never forgot their alma mater. Among the professorial staff, it has become a good tradition to bequeath to the educational institution their books, monographs, manuscripts and other objects valuable for science from personal collections.

Buildings and structures of Moscow University

Initially, a building was allocated for the university, located in the very heart of the city, on Red Square (now the Historical Museum occupies this territory). At the end of the 18th century, it was moved to Mokhovaya. This building burned down during the fire of 1812 and was restored only after 7 years. Today there is the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Alexander I changed the structure of the university government by his decree. The post of rector was introduced, who was elected at a meeting of the Council of Professors and approved by the emperor himself. Since then, the university has become known as the imperial university.

After the revolution, the word "imperial" was changed to "state". And in the middle of the 20th century, during the celebration of the 185th anniversary of the opening of the university, it was named after the outstanding scientist of the 18th century, who stood at the origins of Russian science - M.V. Lomonosov. Lomonosov Moscow University has gone through such a path of development.

More than 60 years ago - on September 1, 1953 - the new building of the Moscow State University (MGU) named after M.V. M.V. Lomonosov - the legendary skyscraper on the Sparrow Hills. This building has become a symbol of one of the oldest universities in the country and a home for many generations of students. The famous high-rise building of Moscow State University was built in record time for the 20th century - in just five years.

History of the Main Building of Moscow State University

At the suggestion of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Joseph Stalin, in January 1947, the Council of Ministers of the USSR decided to build eight high-rise buildings in Moscow, one of which was the main building of Moscow State University on the Lenin (now Sparrow - Ed.) Hills.

The design of the Moscow State University skyscraper was entrusted to the architect Boris Iofan (1891 - 1976), who had previously completed a number of large government orders. He proposed the composition of the building in the form of five buildings with a high-rise central part and four symmetrically located lower side volumes topped with turrets - pinnacles.

At the top of the high-rise part of the building, B. Iofan at first intended to install a sculpture of M.V. Lomonosov, but subsequently provided for the completion of the building with a spire with a five-pointed star, as in other Stalinist skyscrapers.

The architect wanted to design a skyscraper on the edge of the Lenin Hills, but geologists expressed concern that with such an arrangement of a huge structure, it would not be possible to ensure the stability of its foundation. This could lead to disaster, as the area is dangerous in terms of landslides. B. Iofan did not agree with the opinion of geologists, which led to a delay in the design and construction of the building. As a result, these disagreements caused the resignation of B. Iofan.

In the future, work on the design of the skyscraper was carried out by a group of architects led by architect Lev Rudnev (1885 - 1956). He moved the building 800 meters deep into the territory, and created an observation deck at the place chosen by B. Iofan.

The foundation and frame of the Main Building of Moscow State University were developed by the creator of the Ostankino television tower, engineer Nikolai Nikitin (1907 - 1973). The fundamentally new technical solutions proposed by him made it possible to build a building of variable height in difficult soil conditions.

The sculptural decoration of the facades was carried out by the workshop of Vera Mukhina. The spire, star and spikes are lined with yellow glass and aluminum plates, which creates the effect of gilding.

Few people know that Vera Mukhina turned to the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR Lavrenty Beria with a proposal to install her sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Woman" in front of the university building, but was refused.

Building layout

The main sector "A" housed the Geological, Mechanics and Mathematics and Geography faculties, the administration, the administration, the scientific library, the Earth Science Museum, an assembly hall for 1500 people and the Palace of Culture of Moscow State University with a large hall (for 640 seats).

In the side sectors, a residential area was designed - apartments for faculty, dormitories for students and graduate students. Like other skyscrapers, the building was to house a cinema, a post office, telegraph, canteens, shops, a hairdresser, consumer services, a clinic and a sports center with a 25-meter swimming pool.

The 19-storey building of sectors "B" and "C" of the main building of Moscow State University, according to the project, has a basement, basement and technical floors. Residential rooms for students and graduate students occupy floors from the 2nd to the 18th, the total number of residents is up to 2000 people. Kitchen rooms with gas stoves were placed on each floor.

This layout of the building has survived to this day.

Construction

On March 6, 1951, Joseph Stalin personally approves the architectural and planning task for the construction of roads and landscaping of the territories adjacent to the future building of Moscow State University. The technical project, the general estimate for the construction of the Moscow State University complex, the number of storeys and the height of the spire are also approved by the Generalissimo himself.

At the time construction began, the Main Building of Moscow State University was the tallest building in Europe.

For 37 years, until the construction of the Messeturm in Frankfurt in 1990, the Main Building of Moscow State University was the tallest building in Europe. Before the construction of the Triumph Palace, the building was the tallest administrative and residential building in Moscow.

The construction of the skyscraper was supervised by the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Lavrenty Beria.

Earthworks began in 1948, and the groundbreaking ceremony took place on April 12, 1949. Military construction units from nuclear industry facilities were transferred to the construction. The three largest buildings of the faculties - the Faculty of Physics, the Faculty of Chemistry and the Faculty of Biology - are being built by several thousand prisoners.

After four years of shock construction, on September 1, 1953, the main building of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov was open.

Since its construction, the building has been renovated several times. Restoration work at individual facilities of the complex is still being carried out. For example, in 2014 the monuments to scientists on Sparrow Hills will be restored.

All sculptures are classified as objects of cultural heritage of regional significance. In particular, these are monuments to the founder of the theory of chemical structure A.M. Butlerov, the creator of the table of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev, founder of Moscow University M.V. Lomonosov, the founder of the first scientific physical school in Russia, P.N. Lebedev and the organizer of the first Russian educational and research physical laboratory A.G. Stoletov.

The monuments were erected on the territory of the university 60 years ago: the sculpture of Lomonosov - in front of the main building of the university, the monuments of Butlerov and Mendeleev - near the building of the Faculty of Chemistry, Lebedev and Stoletov - near the premises of the Faculty of Physics. The sculptures of Mendeleev and Lomonosov are cast in bronze, while the figures of Butlerov, Lebedev and Stoletov are cast iron.

Development of Moscow University

Today, Moscow State University includes 15 research institutes, 40 faculties, more than 300 departments and six branches (including five foreign ones). About 35 thousand students, five thousand graduate students, doctoral students, applicants and ten thousand students of preparatory departments study at the university, a total of about 50 thousand people.

Four thousand professors and teachers, about five thousand researchers work at the faculties and research centers.

Auxiliary and service personnel totals approximately 15 thousand people.

Of course, a dynamically growing university needs a new modern base. In this regard, the possibility of creating a scientific and technological valley "Vorobyovy Gory" on an area of ​​about 100 hectares is being worked out. The construction is planned to be completed by 2018.

The development of the concept will be supervised by the chief architect of Moscow Sergey Kuznetsov. Currently, a group of 80 people has already been created at Moscow State University, which is developing the idea.

The main goal of creating the valley is the possibility of scientific fundamental research by the laboratories of Moscow State University and an invitation to cooperation with high-tech corporations - primarily the oil and gas industries, as well as developers of social, information and biomedical technologies. It will be a modern town where fundamental science and high technologies should come together.

At the same time, at the beginning of 2014, the investor has already begun construction of a boarding school for gifted children at the intersection of Lomonosovsky Prospekt and Vernadsky Prospekt. The commissioning of the facility is scheduled for June 30, 2016. In the same place, the construction of two hostel buildings will begin in the near future.

Lomonosov (Moscow) is an excellent educational institution for young people who want to devote their lives entirely to science or get a quality versatile education that opens the door to a number of leading Russian and foreign companies.

Founding of the university

Moscow State University was founded in 1755 by M. Lomonosov and I. Shuvalov. The opening date was supposed to be 1754, but this was not destined to happen due to repair work. The decree on the opening of the educational institution was signed by Empress Elizabeth herself in the winter of the same year. In honor of this event, Tatyana's Day is celebrated every year at the university. In the spring, the first lectures began to be read. Ivan Shuvalov became the curator of the university, and Alexei Argamakov became the director. The most interesting thing is that Mikhail Lomonosov was not mentioned in any official document and in any speech dedicated to the opening. Historians explain this by the fact that Ivan Shuvalov appropriated the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bcreating Moscow State University and the fame from it, and also introduced a number of provisions into his activities that were zealously disputed by Lomonosov himself and other progressive scientists. This is just a guess for which there is no evidence. Some historians believe that Lomonosov only carried out Shuvalov's instructions.

Control

Lomonosov was subordinate to the Government Senate. University professors were subordinate only to the university court, which was headed by a director and a curator. The duties of the curator included the full management of the institution, the appointment of teachers, the approval of the curriculum, etc. The director was elected from outsiders and carried out control activities. His duties also included providing the material side of the issue and establishing correspondence with well-known scientists and other educational institutions. For the director's decision to have full effect, it had to be approved by the curator. The Conference of Professors, which consisted of 3 professors and 3 assessors, worked under the director.

18th century

Named after Lomonosov (Moscow State University) in the 18th century could offer students three medicines and rights. Mikhail Kheraskov in 1779 creates a university noble boarding school, which becomes a gymnasium in 1930. The founder of the university press is considered (1780). The newspaper Moskovskie Vedomosti was published here, which was the most popular in the entire Russian Empire. Soon, the first scientific communities began to form at the university.

19th century

Since 1804, the management of the university passed into the hands of the Council and the rector, who was personally approved by the emperor. The council consisted of the best professors. The re-election of the rector took place every year by secret ballot. Deans were elected in the same way. Kh. Chebotarev became the first rector who was elected according to such a system. The council dealt with the issues of the curriculum, testing the knowledge of students and appointing teachers in the gymnasium and college. Every month, Lomonosov Moscow State University hosted meetings dedicated to new scientific discoveries and experiments. The executive body was the Board, which consisted of the rector and deans. Communication between the university managers and the authorities was carried out with the help of a trustee. At this time, the faculties at Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov underwent some changes: they were divided into 4 branches of science (political, verbal, physical and mathematical and medical).

20th century

In 1911 there was a loud scandal - the Casso affair. As a result, about 30 professors and 130 teachers leave the university for 6 years. The Faculty of Physics and Mathematics suffered the most from this, which, after the departure of P. Lebedev, froze in development for 15 years. In 1949, the construction of a new building on Sparrow Hills began, which in the future became the main building of the university. In 1992, the well-known mathematician V. Sadovnichiy was elected rector of the university.

Studying proccess

Do you want to know what they teach at Lomonosov Moscow State University? In 2011, all Russian universities were supposed to switch to a two-level system of education, which is prescribed by the Bologna Convention. Despite this, MSU continues to teach students in an integrated 6-year program. The rector of the university, Viktor Sadovnichy, said that the educational institution trains future specialists according to its own standards. He emphasized that they would be at a level above the state ones. For students, two forms of education are possible - a specialist and a master's degree. Training for a specialist will last 6 years, and bachelor's degree will remain only at some faculties. Analysts in the field of education have different points of view on this decision of the university: someone approves of it, someone is in no hurry to draw conclusions.

Structure

Today, the university consists of more than 600 buildings, the total area of ​​​​which is approximately 1 million m². Only in the capital of Russia the territory of the university occupies about 200 hectares. It is known that the Moscow government allocated an area of ​​120 hectares for new buildings of the university, on which active work has been carried out since 2003. The territory was received on a gratuitous lease. Construction is largely due to the assistance of Inteko CJSC. The company has built up part of the allocated area with two residential areas and a parking area. The university has a share of 30% and 15% of the parking. It is also planned to build up the territory with four buildings surrounding the fundamental library. All this will be a small town, which will house the laboratory and research buildings and the stadium.

The fundamental library was built in 2005. In the autumn of 2007, the mayor of the city Yu. Luzhkov and the rector of Moscow State University solemnly opened two important facilities: the First Academic Building of Moscow State University, which houses three faculties (public administration, history and philosophy) and a system of 5 buildings for a medical center (polyclinic, hospital, diagnostic and analytical centers and educational building). In the winter of 2009, the grand opening of the 3rd humanitarian building took place, which was planned to house the Faculty of Economics. A year later, the 4th building was opened, which was occupied by the Faculty of Law. An underground pedestrian crossing was created under Lomonosovsky Prospekt, which connected the new and old territories.

In 2011, the first educational building, located on the new territory, began to be called Shuvalovsky, and another one under construction will be called Lomonosovsky. There are branches of the university even outside the country, in the most remote corners: in Astana, Dushanbe, Baku, Yerevan, Tashkent and Sevastopol.

scientific life

Named after Lomonosov (Moscow State University) is famous for talented scientists who regularly publish interesting works and research. In the spring of 2017, MSU biologists published a report in which they proved the relationship between kidney failure and “wrong” mitochondria. The results of the experiments were published in the scientific journal Scientific Reports. A new way has been created to help assess the state of the environment. The university is famous not only for famous scientists who have already created a name for themselves, but also for young talents. Many of them in 2017 became laureates of the Moscow Government Prize.

Faculties

Lomonosov Moscow State University offers students a choice of a large number of areas of education. There are about 30 faculties in total. On the basis of the university, the Moscow School of Economics, the Higher School of Business, the Faculty of Military Education, the Higher School of Translation, etc. operate. There is also a University Gymnasium that accepts orphans. What interesting things can we learn about Lomonosov Moscow State University? The Faculty of Physics is considered one of the most progressive, and for good reason. It is considered the best place for teaching physics in all of Russia, because research is carried out here that receives worldwide publicity. Leading teachers are scientists who are known for their discoveries and ideas even abroad. This faculty was established in 1933, and then it was called the Department of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. Such scientists as S. Vavilov, N. Bogolyubov, A. Tikhonov taught here. Of the 10 Russian Nobel Prize winners, 7 studied and worked at this faculty: A. Prokhorov, P. Kapitsa, I. Frank, L. Landau, A. Abrikosov and I. Tamm.

Summing up this review article, I would like to say that Moscow State University. Lomonosov is one of the best universities in the Russian Federation, if not the best. Each applicant should make a choice independently, because studying here opens up a lot of opportunities. The popularity of this educational institution is unlikely to ever fall, because even in branches there are almost never shortages.

Amazing stories about the main university in the country.
MSU is a real city within a city. Only in this city you can not register, you can only enter it. And the population of this city is constantly updated. The first baseball field in the USSR appeared here, it was possible to call Africa from the elevator, and the main building is decorated with a gift from Mao Zedong.
From the elevator of Moscow State University students called to Africa

In 1953, 111 specially designed elevators were manufactured for Moscow State University, including high-speed high-speed cabins.
In the mid-80s, students and teachers of Moscow University made an outstanding "scientific discovery" - they accidentally arranged a free international telephone connection in an elevator.

How did it happen? When the workers were replacing the university's telephone switchboard, they accidentally connected all the telephones of Moscow State University, including those that hung in elevators, to international communications.

The students quickly found out about this and called their parents from the elevator, some in Riga, some in Africa, some in America.
It took another two weeks to reprogram the switch. Therefore, all off-duty guards were thrown into chasing students out of the elevators. But there were many elevators and few guards. Yes, and try to catch a student who rushes between floors like mad.

The great discovery, which the workers accidentally made, was closed after two weeks.

Brides of Moscow State University bring flowers to the geographer

The entrance to Moscow University is guarded by two sculptural groups of scientists: an art critic and a mechanic, a biologist and a geographer. The representatives of the stronger sex in these compositions have long been nicknamed "cultural" and "uncivilized" men by the people. Because a gallant geographer stands in the presence of a lady, and a mechanic is a “house builder”. The sculptures are so popular with students that on their wedding day they lay flowers on them. Moreover, the brides bring flowers to the geographer, the "cultured man", in the hope that everything will be so, and the grooms - to the "uncultured", so that everything remains so.

There is a bomb shelter under the Moscow State University building

One of the legends says that right under the Main Building of Moscow State University there is an underground city with its own metro line. There is a city, it is located nearby, subordinate to another department. But the multi-storey and multi-kilometer bomb shelter, in which students and teachers were supposed to hide in case of war, is located exactly under the Main Building. No one knows the exact dimensions of the bomb shelter. Part of the armored doors was welded on, but the documentation has not been preserved.

A gift from Mao Zedong hangs at Moscow State University

A tapestry hangs in the meeting room of the Academic Council of Moscow State University, where the rector receives official delegations. This is a gift from Mao Zedong to Rector Ivan Petrovsky. It depicts a view of the Main Building of Moscow State University in 1953. Therefore, the trees on the tapestry are very small, they have just been planted.

In the late 60s, when relations between Russia and China deteriorated sharply, the rector was required to remove the tapestry from the wall. But Ivan Georgievich Petrovsky flatly refused to do so.

Apple alleys of Moscow State University owe their appearance to Stalin

One of the main scientific disputes at Moscow State University over the past 60 years: which of the two faculties - physics or chemistry - is the monument to Lomonosov closer to?
The border of the possessions of the two faculties passes ideally through the middle of the monument.

The clarification of the relationship between them takes place in mid-May, when Chemist's Day and Physicist's Day are celebrated. In the early 90s, the distance was measured with a matchbox. Measurements showed that Lomonosov is closer to the Chemistry Department by as much as four boxes. Then the physicists thought, ran away and brought a laser angular rangefinder. An accurate device showed: the distance from Lomonosov to the Physics Department is less by as much as 34 cm.

On the site of the Main Building, according to the plan, there was a hotel

Eight famous Moscow skyscrapers, including the building on Sparrow Hills, were laid on September 7, 1947. Then Moscow celebrated its 800th anniversary. And, according to Stalin's plan, Moscow literally rushed up. In the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, there was an instruction "to build a 32-story building on the Lenin Hills, placing a hotel and housing in it ...". That is, they were not going to build a university at all. Only in March 1948 did a clarification appear: "To build a new building for Moscow State University on the Lenin Hills during 1948-1952."

Instead of a spire, Lenin was supposed to stand on the building

The first model of the Moscow State University skyscraper resembled the project of the Palace of Soviets. In the upper part they were going to install a statue of the leader of the peoples. Then it was decided instead of Lenin on the roof to put a figure of Lomonosov 40 m high. But the appearance of the statue would make the building itself a giant pedestal for a small sculpture. Then Lomonosov's figure was reduced in size and placed near the fountains, where the students are now celebrating the end of the session. Instead of sculpture, a 58 m high spire was erected at the top of the building.

Moscow State University does not run on liquid nitrogen

The architects were well aware that it was dangerous to build the Main Building of Moscow State University on the steep bank of the Moskva River. Washouts and landslides are possible. Therefore, according to one of the legends, it was proposed to freeze the soil with liquid nitrogen, and maintain a negative temperature with refrigeration units. But if they broke, then the ground would float. And the main building of Moscow State University moved down to the Moscow River, forming a dam. And the city would have been flooded for miles. Today it is known for sure that the story about liquid nitrogen is a beautiful legend. In fact, the Main Building stands on a strong foundation at a safe distance from the shore.

Moscow State University was built by prisoners

According to one version, MSU was built by prisoners. According to archival data, for 10,196 civilian specialists and guards, there were 10,000 prisoners who built the student city.

TV appeared at Moscow State University earlier than in Soviet families

For its time, the hostel was the most comfortable not only in the Soviet Union, but throughout Eastern Europe. Double rooms, each with a separate bathroom. Three kitchens, three telephone booths, a piano and a TV per floor. And despite the fact that then the TV was not in every Soviet family.

The first baseball stadium in the USSR appeared at Moscow State University

The first baseball stadium in the Soviet Union appeared on the territory of Moscow State University in 1989. And rumors immediately spread around the university that the stadium lighting lamps interfere with astronomers - they glare in the lenses of the telescopes of the Sternberg astronomical observatory. It is located a few dozen meters from the baseball field.
There is no evidence that skinny astronomers sneak into the stadium at night and twist the lamps, and that healthy baseball players catch them and beat them with baseball bats. Neither of them acknowledged this. But if you pay attention, all the stadium lighting masts have been cut off today.

The square in front of Moscow State University once gathered 5 million people

In 1997, the famous French musician Jean-Michel Jarre performed on the square in front of the Main Building of Moscow University. Then 5 million Muscovites came to his concert and fit on the square. This is an absolute record that will probably never be beaten again.

The spire of the main building weighs 12 tons

The main building of Moscow State University is 240 m high. For almost 40 years, the building held the record for the tallest residential building in Europe. Only one star on the spire weighs 12 tons. But today it is impossible to get to the spire: it is life-threatening. Nearly the entire height of the spire is lined with communications equipment and powerful, life-threatening emitters.