Morphology is a branch of grammar that studies a word as a part of speech. There are ten parts of speech in Russian, which are usually divided into independent, auxiliary and interjections.

Morphological analysis of words is carried out according to a certain scheme in a strict order. In order to parse a word into parts of speech, you need to determine:

1. general grammatical meaning;
2. morphological features (or grammatical meanings);
3. syntactic role.

The analysis of a word as a part of speech is both a capacious and complete description of a separate word form, taking into account the grammatical features of its use. Each part of speech has permanent and variable features. When parsing, you need to be able to determine which part of speech the word belongs to, find its initial form, and highlight morphological features.

Morphological analysis, an example of which is presented on our website, will help improve your analysis skills.

In order to correctly perform the morphological analysis of a word, one should remember the sequence and principle of analysis. So, first you should highlight the general features of the parts of speech, and then find the specific features of this word form.

General scheme for parsing parts of speech

The plan of morphological parsing of the word is as follows:

1. Indicate the part of speech and its meaning, to which question the word answers.
2. Put the word in the initial form: Im.p., singular. - for nouns, Im.p., singular, m.p. - for adjectives, indefinite form - for verbs (what (s) to do?).
3. Determine permanent signs: common or proper, animate or inanimate, gender and declension of nouns; aspect, reflexivity, transitivity and conjugation of the verb; rank by value, degree of comparison, full or short form for adjectives.
4. Characterize the form in which the word is used: for nouns, determine the number and case, for adjectives - the degree of comparison, short or full form, number, case and gender; for verbs - mood, tense, number, gender or person, if any.
5. The role in the sentence is to show which member the word in the sentence is: secondary or main. Sometimes it is required to write out a phrase and show its syntactic role graphically.

Sample morphological parsing of a noun:

There was a jug of milk on the table.

1. With milk - noun, with what?; subject
2. The initial form is milk.
3. Common noun, inanimate, neuter, 2nd declension
4. In the singular, in the instrumental case
5. Addition.

Our service uses the most advanced morphology analysis technologies and will be useful to those who want to learn how to do morphological analysis correctly.

Basic rules of morphological parsing

It is important to remember that the inconstant signs of an adjective are determined by the word to which it obeys. It should also be borne in mind that the gender of verbs can only be determined in the past tense of the singular, and the person in the present and future tenses.

To determine the syntactic role, it is necessary to know the context related to the word. So, a noun can act as a subject, object or circumstance. An adjective adjoining a noun is a definition, and in a short form it can be a predicate. The verb is always the predicate. The letter ё can change the meaning of the word, and the morphological analysis will be different. For example, glasses (n., pl.) and glasses (v., pr.v.).

Morphological analysis of a word online will help not only to correctly analyze the word form, but also to prepare for the Unified State Examination or the OGE in the Russian language.

Morphological analysis of the adjective is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Adjective. Initial form.

2. Morphological features:

a) permanent:

Rank by value,

The degree of comparison (for qualitative, in which this feature is constant),

Full / short form (for quality, in which this feature is permanent);

b) unstable:

Degree of comparison (for qualitative, in which this feature is not constant),

Full / short form (for quality, in which this feature is unstable),

Genus (in singular),

Case (for full).

3. Syntactic role in the sentence.

Let's give comment to parsing.

The adjective is written out of the text in the form in which it stands. If an adjective defines a noun with a preposition ( in the big house), it would be a mistake to write out the adjective together with the preposition, since the preposition is a component of the prepositional case form of the noun and does not apply to the adjective.

It must be remembered that an adjective, unlike a noun, can have a compound form (for example, higher, least comfortable). In this case, all form components are written out.

The initial form of the adjective is the I. p. singular masculine form for adjectives that have a full form, and the singular masculine form for adjectives that have only a short form.

The permanent features of an adjective are its belonging to a certain category in meaning (qualitative, relative or possessive) and its declension. The definition of adjective declension in school grammar is not accepted. The definition of the category by value is made according to the value that is used in the text.

Some quality adjectives, as already mentioned, do not have degrees of comparison and / or short form. In this case, completeness / brevity should be placed in permanent features.

A positive degree of comparison can also be a constant feature (i.e., a qualitative adjective may not change in degrees of comparison, for example, the word special), however, in the textbooks of all three complexes, the degrees of comparison of adjectives are indicated only if the adjective is in a comparative or superlative degree, and no indication of a positive degree of comparison is made. This approach has the disadvantage that it does not allow for an adjective in a positive degree of comparison to indicate whether this form is a permanent or non-permanent feature.

The immutability of indeclinable adjectives is also their constant feature. Invariable adjectives do not have invariable signs.

The inconstant features of the adjective are number, gender (singular), case. For most quality adjectives, completeness / brevity and degrees of comparison are also inconsistent features.

It must be remembered that only full adjectives have a case sign.

If the adjective is in the form of a simple comparative degree, then it is not characterized in terms of completeness / brevity and does not have signs of gender, number and case.

When parsing, it must be borne in mind that the object of the morphological description is the word in its specific meaning. Different meanings of one word (its lexical and grammatical variants) may have different morphological features. In the adjective, this difference can manifest itself primarily in relation to the signs of completeness / brevity and degrees of comparison. Yes, adjective alive as an antonym for the word dead changes in completeness / brevity, but does not change in degrees of comparison, i.e. it has a constant sign of a positive degree of comparison, alive in the meaning of "mobile", on the contrary, it does not have a short form, but changes in degrees of comparison. Morphological analysis is subject to the word in the meaning in which it is used in the text.

Let's bring sample morphological analysis of the adjective.

And for sure, she was good: tall, thin, her eyes are black, like those of a mountain chamois, and looked into your soul (M. Yu. Lermontov).

good good(in this sense);

constant signs: qualitative, short;

non-permanent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus;

high- adjective, initial form - tall;

non-permanent signs: complete, positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p.;

syntactic role: part of the predicate.

thin- adjective, initial form - thin;

constant signs: high-quality, complete;

non-permanent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus, I. p.;

syntactic role: part of the predicate.

black- adjective, initial form - black;

constant features: quality;

non-permanent signs: complete, positive degree of comparison, pl. number, I. p.;

syntactic role: definition.

mountainous- adjective, initial form - mountain;

constant signs: relative;

non-permanent features: units. number, female genus, R. p.;

syntactic role: part of a circumstance.

Numeral

The numeral is an independent significant part of speech that combines words that denote numbers, the number of objects or the order of objects when counting and answer the question how many? or which?.

The numeral is a part of speech in which words are combined based on the commonality of their meaning - relation to number. The grammatical features of numerals are heterogeneous and depend on which category the numeral belongs to in terms of meaning.

1. Initial form (nominative singular masculine).
2. Permanent signs: qualitative, relative or possessive.
3. Non-permanent signs: 1) for qualitative ones: a) degree of comparison, b) short and long form; 2) all adjectives: a) case, b) number, c) gender (singular).

syntactic role.

Here it is used in the nominative case, in the singular, in the feminine gender - these are its inconstant features.

what is an independent part of speech in Russian Written analysisheavenly(azure) - adj.

1. Azure(which?) heavenly. N. f.- heavenly.
2. Post - relative; non-post. - in them. pad. units h. R.
3. Azure(which?) heavenly .

301 . Disassemble 2-3 adjectives in writing.

1. Quietly evening shadows in the blue fall snow. (A. Blok.)
2. The frosty breath of the blizzard is still fresh. (I. Bunin.)

302 . Read. Determine the style of the text, indicate words that have a figurative meaning. Write down five words that change: 1) by numbers and cases, 2) by numbers, cases and gender. Make a morphological analysis of three adjectives.

morphemic analysis of the word late

January is the month of big light snows. They always arrive suddenly. Suddenly, at night, the trees will whisper, whisper: something is going on in the forest. By morning it will become clear: the real winter has come!

a string of morphological analysis

The forest ut .. null in other tormented snowdrifts. Under the cold vault of the sky, humbly bowing those yellow heads, mournful white trees froze.

designer morphemic analysis

Along with the snow, strange, unprecedented creatures swooped in and ran into the forest. They ra(s, ss) ate over stumps and knots, climbed up fir trees and pines - strange white figures, motionless, unfamiliar, but very similar to something.

everywhere or everywhere

Either a squirrel or a bunny sits on a stump. He folded his white paws on a white paunch, is silent and looks at the white forest. On a stone near the river (?) ki, white Alyonushka: she folded her head on her shoulder, propped her white cheek (?) Ku with her white palm.

good what part of speech is that

Here is the werewolf animal. Take a step to the side, and the animal will turn into a simple twig (?) lump, powdered with snow.

noun gate

Polar bears and snowy owls. Hares, partridges, squirrels. They sit, lie and hang. The forest is full of strange birds and animals. If you want to see them, hurry up. And then the wind blows - remember your name!

see word parsing

303 . Write off. Above adjectives, indicate their rank by value. Choose synonyms for quality adjectives. Make three sentences with adjectives of any group.

adverbs as part of speech

Hare trace, hare character, hare brood; goose feather, goose feeder, goose gait; wolf pack, wolf appetite, wolf lair; fox hole, fox fur coat, fox cunning.

twig word parsing

304 . From the second paragraph of A.P. Platonov’s story “In a beautiful and furious world” (see “Literature. Grade 6”) write out all the adjectives. Disassemble two qualitative and two relative adjectives.

fresh morphemic parsing

In this article I will tell you how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. The Russian language is difficult, but with enough diligence and interest, you can understand its rules regarding vocabulary, grammar and syntax. Schoolchildren and students are often required to know morphology and be able to do it in accordance with its requirements. Tasks where it is required to parse a word morphologically are indicated in the textbooks by the number 3: “Diana put on a beautiful coat”.

The order and pattern of adjective parsing

What is the morphological analysis of the adjective as a part of speech

Making a morphological analysis of a word expressed by an adjective, we establish all its meanings: lexical, grammatical and. Parsing the word, we determine what features (permanent and non-permanent) the adjective has, and what role it plays in the syntax of the sentence. For this, there is a certain plan of action, following which it is possible to easily make a morphological analysis of the adjective:

• establish what part of speech the word given in the task belongs to - if it involves answers to the questions “Which?”, “Whose?”, “What?”, then this is an adjective, also note that it serves to designate a sign of an object;

Questions for the adjective

• set the initial form of the word - put the word in question in the masculine gender, nominative case and singular, and determine the morphological features:

Permanent:

• the category of these parts of speech according to the lexical and grammatical meaning - possessive, relative, qualitative;

Ranks of adjectives

Form - short or full (for adjectives from the category of quality, having only a full or only a short form).

Full and short form of adjectives

Non-permanent:

• determine for quality adjectives the degree of their comparison - from positive to comparative and excellent;

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

• • • establish the gender, number and case - signs that are non-permanent, as they depend on the noun, which is determined by the adjective;
• determine the role of the adjective in the sentence (what part of the sentence it is). Most often, the adjective acts as a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate or an agreed definition of a noun.

Examples of parsing an adjective as a part of speech

Let's analyze the adjective according to the above scheme. Suppose the task is given a sentence “Diana put on a beautiful coat”, and we need to parse the adjective “beautiful”. First of all, we select the link “adjective - noun” from the sentence, in our case it is “beautiful coat”. Following the above algorithm, we perform the following actions:

• we establish what part of speech the word in question belongs to - “coat (what?) beautiful”, since “beautiful” answers the question “what?”, then this is an adjective that serves to designate the feature of the noun “coat”;
• we set the initial form of the word - we put the word “beautiful” in the nominative case, masculine and singular, we get the word “beautiful”, and determine the morphological features:
  • permanent:
    • the lexical and grammatical category of the word “beautiful” is a qualitative adjective, since it denotes a sign of an object (in our case, a coat);
    • form - complete;
  • non-permanent:
    • determine the degree of comparison of the adjective - the word "beautiful" has a positive degree of comparison (comparative - more beautiful, excellent - the most beautiful);
    • we establish the gender - since the adjective serves to determine the noun, we carefully study the latter. The word “coat” is neuter, which means that the adjective “beautiful” is also neuter;
    • a similar method is applied to the establishment of the number - "coat" is in the singular, which means that the adjective "beautiful" is also in the singular;
    • the case “coat” is accusative, respectively, and “beautiful” is also used in the accusative case;
• we determine the role of the adjective “beautiful” in the sentence - it is a predicate, expressed by an agreed definition of the subject “coat”.

This was an example of oral reasoning, but in writing, the morphological analysis of the adjective as a part of speech looks more concise.

Example 2. Analyzing the proposal for the Czech Republic

Suggestion given: "Diana put on a beautiful coat." Let's write down the analysis of the adjective:

Nice coat.

1. The coat (what?) is beautiful. beautiful - adj.
2. N. f. - beautiful.
3. Wed R.
4. Unit h.
5. V. p.
6. Definition: beautiful.

In order for the morphological analysis of the adjective as a part of speech to be given to you without difficulty in the future, be sure to memorize the algorithm of actions and constantly train. Gradually, the number of errors is minimized and all actions will be brought almost to automatism. Speak aloud everything that you do, so you will quickly find mistakes, and the material will be remembered much easier.

All schoolchildren know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. Without it, our speech would be pale and dull. Such figurativeness and brilliance, which it gives to our language, cannot be replaced by any part of speech. About how to properly perform the so-called, we will consider in more detail in this article.

Features of the full form

Distinguish between permanent and non-permanent. Let's start with the first. The adjective has only one constant feature - the discharge. As you know, there are only three of them:

• Qualitative - describe the appearance of objects, characteristics, color. They stand out from others because they can be compared in degrees. (Positive - low, comparative - lower, excellent - the lowest).
• Relative - indicate the place, material, time ( brick garage - brick garage; autumn the weather is that which can only be in autumn).
• Possessives are the only group that answers the question "whose?" and denoting belonging to someone ( paternal character, squirrel tail).

It is not difficult to determine the category. One has only to delve into the meaning of the word and ask the right question.

From non-permanent features, gender (male and female), case (there are six of them, like nouns) and number (singular or plural) are distinguished.

A special category here is qualitative, since only they still determine the degree and the presence of a short form. If you study this plan thoroughly, you will know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech.

What does "short" mean?

The participle and adjective can form a short form. It appears as a result of truncation of the ending: beautiful (full adj.) - beautiful (short adj.), well-groomed (full adj.) - well-groomed (short adj.).

They differ from full forms not only in syntactic functions, but also in orthographic features. as a part of speech has its own "zest". For example, in a sentence it is never a complete definition. The short form of both the participle and the adjective always plays a more important role: it is a predicate or, more often, a part of it. (The girl was smart.)

The spelling of these forms should be distinguished. In full participles, two letters H are always written in the suffix, and in short participles, one. With an adjective, the situation is different: in short form, we write as many H as we use in the full version.

In order to know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech, you need to take into account all its subtleties and features. The short form should be distinguished from the full one and in no case should it be confused with the participle.

Outcome

The adjective is a special part of speech. Thanks to him, any of us will be able to colorfully convey our emotions, accurately describe the necessary object or its location. In short forms, it not only denotes some feature, but also gives dynamism to the text.

Now you all know how to parse an adjective as a part of speech. Using our simple recommendations, you will cope with the task without difficulty!