Topic: Spelling b in words of different parts of speech.
5th grade.
2012/13 academic year.
Lesson Objectives:
consolidate the studied rules for using b in words of different parts of speech;
develop thinking, memory, the ability to defend one's point of view, analyze the answers of comrades;
cultivate love for the Russian language.
Know : conditions for choosing the spelling b in words of different parts of speech - nouns of the 2nd and 3rd declensions, short adjectives, adverbs, verbs.
Be able to: know how to act when choosing a spelling
Creating a problem situation.
Kolya and Vitya argued at the blackboard at recess.
BUT On the desk it is written: Learns(?)sya, learns(?)sya, takes care(?), from tasks(?), good(?)
- In all these words it is necessary to write a soft sign, - says Kolya.
- No, don't, - Vitya disagrees.
- No, you must!
- No, don't!
How would you judge their dispute?
What theme unites the written words?
What are these words?
What will be discussed in the lesson? Guessed?
A postman came to our lesson. Let's hear what he has to say to us.
Postman:
Here, friends, lies a treasure
And treasures lie.
And guess what
But don't open the letter.
The caption is sly,
What does the letter contain.
On the envelope written:
Where Spelling
To Use b in words of different parts of speech
You have chosen the topic of the lesson correctly.
Guys! Today you will have to listen to the opinion of Gramoteikin, because he is an expert in the Russian language and grammar rules.
Gramoteikin's lessons:
Grammar, grammar,
Science is very strict
I always take a grammar book with anxiety.
She is difficult, but without her
Life would be bad...
I love you grammar.
You are smart and strict.
You my grammar
I'll get by a little.
Gramoteikin's assistant - Slovoznaikin.
And, of course, the main persons in the lesson today are the letters Soft and Dividing Soft signs.
Spelling b after hissing at the end of a word.
One of the most important skills is to master the mode of action when choosing the spelling b.
Gramoteikin's lessons:
A soft sign after hissing asks for real knowledge.
Based on the scheme and the rhyming algorithm, tell us about the spelling of b in words with a hissing at the end.
On the desk:
fat, unit b
(she is one)
Cr. adj. b/
pl., m.p. b/
(many, mine)
Slovoznaykin:
In verbs and adverbs
The sign is always written.
And in short adjectives
He never exists.
Noun - A LOT
Noun - MY -
No sign needed.
And substitute SHE, ONE -
Always write a soft sign.
Digital dictation.
Designate with numbers: 1 - spelling b; 0 - b is not written.
Read the words with b, distributing them into parts of speech.
In what words did you not write b? Justify your answer.
Noun:
The sun came out from behind clouds.. .
Flying stones from steep.. .
past dacha.. striding rook...
past groves.. I carry borsch.. .
Adjective:
cactus always prickly...
Oak mighty...
A forest dense...
Flower good.. .
Well, our baby.. nice...
To a neighbor in a notebook take a look.. –
Mistake to myself pull.. .
Correct.. – correct .. those!
Leave.. – leave.. those!
So softly asks for a soft sign,
That cannot be denied.
10 dense..
13 pretty..
14 look..
15 drag..
16 fixes..
17 fix..te
19 stay..te
Remember: soft sign in words like take a look, take a look cannot denote the softness of an always hard sound w and is written according to tradition.
Spelling b in verbs with –ts and –tsya
Gramoteikin's lessons:
How can we be familiar with this?
Set it up or not?
It is necessary that the verbs themselves
People were given the answer.
How do you understand the words that the verbs themselves must give an answer, when they should be written -tsya, and when -tsya?
- Verbs that answer a question what to do? are always written with a soft sign.
Write examples for the rule. Explain the spelling of these verbs. Remember: very often with verbs in an indefinite form, the words must, should, can, cannot, it's time, etc. are used, from which the question is raised to the verb.
We are waiting for help from Slovoznaikin.
Slovoznaykin:
When choosing -tsya, -tsya in verbs you need:
1. Determine which word the verb refers to.
2. Put a question to the verb, determine its form, write down the ending.
Sample reasoning:
Lessons must be carefully get ready.
Determine which word the verb is associated with get ready.
We put a question from him: it is necessary (what's up be?) cook to be.
He is always ready for lessons.
He (what's up no?) cook tsya.
Let's say the student is an A studies.
He loves very much studies and from books does not hurt..sya.
Excellent person out of it will receive..sya.
Suppose the student sleeps all day and lazy..sya.
He studies does not want, at random hopes.
Anyway, he is nowhere from teaching not going..sya. (E. Uspensky)
The check is carried out by the key:
b - - - b - -
Writing soft and separating soft sign in words.
Listen to the fable. Try to resolve the dispute of signs: are they needed; which one is more important and where should they be?
- Aren't you too kind? -
So he said to the sign of the Soft
Solid sign. -
Words and letters you always strive to soften.
No, you're not good for the alphabet!
- Who would say, but you would be silent! - The Soft Sign to the Hard one answered this .-
You are hard and rough
Like a knotty oak...
Gramoteikin's lessons:
- Friends! Your conversation is worthless words, -
I'll tell you:
- You are both good, both are worthy of honor,
When you are in the right place.
How do you understand the meaning of the last two lines of the fable? Tell us about the conditions for writing this sign in words.
Now listen to the poem "Dividing soft sign."
Find words with a separating soft sign. Write them down only.
Before E, Yo, Yu, I
I stand in the roots friends.
Sparrows, family, housing –
Before I, Yu, I, E, Yo.
Sparrows, housing, streams,
Leaves, wings, chairs, whose.
Stakes, feathers and family
Blizzard, autumn, friends.
Day, ding, dream, shadow,
Cheese, juice, elk, laziness,
Nose, brought in, dig, whine,
Kon, horse, noise, sew.
Can you tell me what words
Will you write a soft sign?
Horse Shelter
Remember: L is always kind and affectionate, all the time trying to soften everything. Here is such an interesting work of the Soft Sign.
And now let's look at the envelope that the postman brought.
Postman:
Guys! I accidentally dropped my envelope with words and lost the letter b in some words. Can you help me find her?
Handout material provided.
"Collect a proverb." On what topic are the proverbs chosen?
Insert where necessary, b. Read the proverb you like and explain its meaning.
Learns .. you won’t catch .. and a fish from the pond
Easily love and carry sleds
Love .. roll ..sya hands will not be taken away ..sya
From the work of the master is afraid..sya
Everything can’t be lazy ..sya will always come in handy ..sya
Yes, it’s unhealthy ..
Lazy always come in handy .. Xia
In the world and work is uplifted .. laziness
No one can live..
Every business is recognized by a person in the case .. Xia
He teaches literacy..sya and glorifies..sya
Without difficulty arguing .. Xia
1 option. Learning is always helpful. You can't even catch a fish from a pond without effort. If you like to ride - love to carry sleds. You can't live without hard work. A lazy person can’t do anything but be unwell. The work of the master is afraid.
Option 2. I'm lazy and too lazy to get up. In the world and work is argued. Every person is known by the case. Hands will not be taken away from work. Every deed is set by a man, and is glorified by a man. Literacy is always useful to learn.
Summing up the lesson.
The soft sign says about itself:
A soft sign is a cunning sign.
Don't name him.
He does not pronounce ..sya,
But in a word often asks..sya.
He is very polite, Soft Sign,
He does not like arguments and fights.
He's in the word mat.. and in the word daughter..,
And in a quiet moon word night...
To not upset anyone
He tries to soften everything.
Why at home corner
turned immediately into corner..?
No fire, just like that?
It made a soft sign.
We will always be where we need to be
Insert a soft sign into words,
To chorus.. would not chorus,
Kol..i - Kolya never.
What is the role of b in words? Illustrate this with examples from the poem.
Write the words with b in three columns:
b indicates the grammatical characteristic of the word (daughter, night, not pronounced, asked).
b indicates the softness of the preceding consonant (mother, coal, ferret, do not upset, soften, insert).
Separating b (stakes).
Reread the text. In it the main idea is "hidden". Select it and write it down.
Studying .. at school - means under the guidance of a teacher himself
to teach, he tries himself .. to acquire knowledge .. After all, the best one learns .. is the one who
learns .. not only for the future, not only to get
a good specialty, but simply because he is interested in learning..sya.
To everyone who wants to learn..sya, to everyone who tries..studies..sya, opens up..sya the farthest road. (S.Soloveichik).
This was our last assignment. Perhaps you can put a point. But every time you pick up a pen, the Russian grammar lesson starts all over again for you.
I am sure that, knowing the rules of Russian writing well, you will enjoy where you previously experienced torment. After all, the Russian language is amazing, interesting, fascinating and not boring at all. Do you agree with me friends?
Attention!
Reading the last page!
And this explains:
The lesson is already over!
Tutorial closes -
It's time to say goodbye to him.
A soft sign to write is to raise your hand. In what words would you write b?
On house.
Reflect in writing about why learning is important.
Try writing about yourself.
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The soft sign is probably the most mysterious letter in the Russian language. It does not denote a sound, it is not classified as a vowel / consonant. Why is she needed then? It turns out that its role in our writing is great. In this article, we will figure out when “b” is used after hissing with nouns, adverbs and verbs.
Nouns. Soft sign after hissing consonants
The exact spelling of the soft sign after these consonants is the most difficult, since it is not clear by ear whether it should be written or not.
It turns out that the rule is very simple: a soft sign after hissing in it. noun written only in the words of women. gender belonging to the 3rd declension.
The words “oven”, “speech”, “daughter”, “night”, “game” are feminine, have the nominative case and are in the singular. Therefore, we must certainly write “b” in them.
But be careful: they should not be confused with the words of the 1st declension, which are in oblique cases: “many clouds”, “no tasks”, “several heaps”. All these words, it would seem, are feminine, and, probably, they should be attributed to the 3rd declension.
But let's take a closer look: they are in the genitive case. If we raise them to the initial form (“cloud”, “task”, “heap”), then we will make sure that they belong to the first declension, which means that they do not obey this rule.
There is another "trap" in Russian, where in no case do they use a soft sign after hissing ones. Words ending in a hissing consonant, but related to the second declension, are not written with "b" ("rook", "doctor", "cloak" - 2nd declension). Therefore, be more careful when asking the question to the noun. Do this before determining the declension, since the gender depends on it. noun, and number.
When do we write "b" in adverbs?
An adverb is one of the invariable parts of speech. It is not declined, there are no endings in it. Spelling "b" in adverbs lends itself to not at all difficult rules.
- In those adverbs that end in the consonant "sh" or "ch", a soft sign is always written. For example: "jump", "exactly".
In adverbs for "zh", it is never written. The exception would be the word "wide".
- Another rule that the adverb obeys: a soft sign after hissing is always used, with the exception of “already”, “married”, “unbearable”. Undoubtedly, such a comic sentence is easily remembered by schoolchildren, especially girls.
It is not so important which rule you remember, the main thing is that both reflect the essence of the spelling of adverbs.
Verb and soft sign after sibilants
The verb is one of the most used parts of speech, without which our language would be very poor. Spelling "b" with verbs causes a lot of difficulties not only for students, but also for adults.
- If the verb in the indefinite form (infinitive) ends in sibilant, then "ь" in this case will always be written. And here without any exceptions. "Protect", "bake", "burn". It will also be preserved in a returnable form, before the postfix “-sya”: “get carried away”, “ignite”, “beware”.
- All 2nd person singular verbs use a soft sign. This applies both to the present: (“you are now”) “writing”, “drawing”, “walking”, “sleeping”, and to the future: (“you are tomorrow”) “work”, “think”, “finish ”, “remake”. The soft sign will be preserved before the “-sya” postfix: “you will like it”, “you will use it”, “you will touch it”, “you will type it”, “you will take shape”. In verbs that are in the imperative mood and end in a hissing consonant, they always write a soft sign: “cut off”, “eat”, “spread”, “hide”. Before the plural postfix "-te", it must be preserved: "mark", "cut", "hide".
Before the postfix “-sya”, it also does not disappear: “comfort yourself”, “do not cut yourself”.
And again, be careful and do not fall into the "trap" of the insidious Russian language! The words "cry" and "cry" are completely different parts of speech, and therefore are spelled differently.
“Crying” without a soft sign is a noun of the 2nd declension, and, accordingly, a soft sign cannot be written in it. But “cry” with a soft sign is a verb of the imperative mood, and, as you know, we always write “b” in them. All this is easily guessed by the proposed context, in which the meaning of the word will become clear.
Conclusion
A soft sign after hissing is used with many parts of speech. Knowing the simple rules, you will never encounter the problem of spelling it after these consonants. If suddenly you forget some of the nuances, then our article will remind you of them.
The letter ь is written to denote the softness of a double consonant at the end of words, for example: dove, leave, notebook, dirt, pity, seven, horse, kitchens, apple trees, embankment, beast, paint, drink, shipyard.
Letter b , which ends the first part of a compound or compound word, is written to indicate the softness of a consonant before any letter, vowel or consonant, that begins the second part, for example: village executive committee, village council, salvage materials, bone salvage, robbery army, quarter-century, quarter-final, Dalenergo, Svyazinvest, Tyumen?nefte.
To indicate the softness of a paired consonant in front of consonants, the letter "b" is written in the following cases
1. After letter l before any consonant except l , for example: shooting, leonine, foil, ice floe, glide, a few, no whitewash, bedroom, carefully, scalpel, waltz, little coat, flatter, April, alpha, alder, mirror, boy, more, flattered .
Between two l a soft sign is not written, for example: goofy .
?sk? consonant l before the suffix - soft, so after l spelled b , for example: rural, Ural, Barnaul. However, in some adjectives formed from non-Russian proper geographical names, a firm l, and therefore b not written, for example: Kyzyl, Yamal(along with options Kyzyl, Yamal).
2. After other consonants:
a) before letters that convey hard consonants, for example: carving, take, earlier, nanny, letter, request, very, induce, witch, wedding, darkness, threshing, pah;
In most adjectives with the suffix ?sk? consonants n and R before the suffix - solid, therefore b they do not include, for example: horse, Kazan, Tyumen, knightly, January, Jaeger. However, in the following adjectives, these consonants before the suffix ?sk? soft, in them after n and R spelled b : day?day, june, september, october, november, december, as well as in many adjectives formed from non-Russian proper geographical names on uh, for example: Tien Shan, Taiwanese, Phnom Penh, Torun, Sichuan, Tianjin. Nouns formed with the suffix ?c? from the same geographical names: Kazanians, Tyumen, but Taiwanese, Phnom Penh, Torun etc.
b) before letters that convey soft consonants, b it is written only in those cases when, in other forms of the same word or in words with the same root, the second soft consonant becomes hard, and the first consonant remains soft, for example: take(cf. I'll take), eight (eighth), witch (witch), in the darkness (dark), carving (thread), mowing (mowing), wedding (wedding), threshing (threshing), earrings (earrings), skates (skates), uncle (uncle).
3. In other cases, after the letter that conveys a soft consonant, b is not written, for example: unless, prisoner, gnaw, bones, carry, syndicate, review, early, pension, bow, if, song .
Letter b not written in consonant combinations LF, NS, in particular before suffixes ?chik, ?schik, ?chin(a), for example: nurse, dandelion, cup, tip, chick; bricklayer, bathhouse attendant, partisanship, Ryazan region.
The letter "b" as an indicator of grammatical form
Letter b written (regardless of pronunciation) in the following grammatical forms:
a) in complex numbers before ?ten and ?hundred: fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, five hundred, six hundred, seven hundred, eight hundred, nine hundred;
In numerals fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen before ?eleven b is not written.
b) in the indefinite form of the verb (infinitive) before? Xia (same as in the infinitive of verbs without ?Xia), for example: bathe, have, pour, split, put on shoes, wash, laugh;
in ) in the imperative mood of verbs before ?Xia and ?those(same as in forms without ?Xia and ?those), for example: set off, weigh yourself, back up, sit down, stand up, quit, meet, check ;
G) in the form of the instrumental plural of nouns , for example: people, horses, doors, children, as well as in the instrumental form of the numeral four .
After w, w, h, w letter b traditionally written in the following grammatical forms:
a) at the end of nominative/accusative singular feminine nouns of the 3rd declension , for example: rye, whim, mouse, falseness, night, trifle, thing, help;
b ) at the end of the 2nd person singular of present and future tense verbs (after w ), for example: carry, laugh, see, give, rush;
in) in imperative forms of verbs , for example:smear, eat, hide, cut, comfort, hide, don't wince;
G) in the indefinite form of verbs (after h ), for example: bake, cut, crush, get carried away, burn yourself .
The letter ь after hissing is also written at the end of adverbs and particles , for example: wide open, all the way, backhand, jump, back, unbearable, away, completely, you, only, you see, you see. Exceptions: letter b not written in adverbs married, unbearable, in a particle already, as well as in the preposition between .
The letter ь after hissing is not written at the end of the following grammatical forms:
a) nominative / accusative singular masculine nouns of the 2nd declension , for example: knife, ball, ladle, raincoat;
b) genitive plural of feminine nouns of the 1st declension , for example: puddles(from puddle), clouds, galoshes, groves ;
in) short forms of masculine adjectives , for example: fresh, good, good, poor.
After the hissing. We will lay down the rules for you when it should not be done and when it is strictly necessary to do it.
These rules are based on what part of speech is being discussed, in what declension and in what part of the word.
Soft sign after hissing - setting rule
We put a soft sign:
- A soft sign after hissing must be written in feminine nouns if they are in the singular in the nominative and
Example words: night, gap, daughter, lie, thing, baldness.
Example in a sentence: The queen gave birth on the night of either a son or a daughter.
2. In verbs of the second person in the singular, subject to the present or future tense at the endings after the sibilants.
Example in a word: you will, you will become, you cook, you remember, you believe, you will do.
Examples in sentences: If you know, if you believe, then you will be with me and will not soon stop loving.
- Xia, the soft sign is preserved. Example: returning, straining, intending.
3. In singular verbs in endings after sibilants.
Example in a word: Cut! Eat! Hide!
Addition: If the ending is added to these verbs - Xia, the soft sign is preserved. Hide! Don't fool around!
Examples in sentences: Vadik, don't be foolish and don't hide!
4. In verbs in and imperative before endings - those, - those.
Example: smear - smear - smear.
Example in a sentence: Children! Do not Cry!
5. In verbs of an indefinite person, including before the ending -sya.
Example words: oven - bake, lie down - lie down.
Example in a sentence: These rivers take a long time to flow.
6. In adverbs, it is necessary to enter a soft sign after the hissing ones at the end of the word.
Example: Entirely, jump, backhand, wide open.
Example in a sentence: He started the horse at a gallop, and hacked at the air with his sword.
Exceptions: Oh, unbearable, married.
7. In particles with hissing endings: I mean, you see, you only.
Example words: that is, only.
In a sentence: Look what a bully!
Why sometimes a soft sign is not written after hissing ones?
You don't have to write:
- In nouns of the nominative case.
Example: rook, kalach, stag, bream, knife.
Sentence: A swift flew up to our window.
2. In plural and genitive nouns.
Example: clouds, steep, shoulders, Grish, between, puddles.
Suggestion example: Unfortunately, no pears were served for breakfast today.
3. In short form.
Example: powerful, hot, good, flying, melodious, comely.
Sentence: He was good-natured and good-looking...
4. In pronouns with hissing at the end.
Examples: yours, ours.
Given the above, the spelling of a soft sign after hissing differs depending on many factors - part of speech, declension, number, as well as the presence of exceptions to the rules.
Elementary teachers give their students rhymed versions of the rules - for easier memorization.
Rules in verse!
Nouns "a lot"
Nouns "my" -
We don't put up any sign!
In verbs and adverbs
The sign is always written
And in short adjectives
We never write!
