A 1 Species is: 1. a set of individuals with similar characteristics, interbreeding and producing fertile offspring, occupying a certain area 2. a set of individuals living in similar biological conditions that do not have a specific area 3. a set of individuals similar in external structure, but inhabiting different areas 4. set of populations occupying different links in the food chain X X

B 1 Establish a correspondence between the sign of the mollusk of a large pond snail and the criterion of the species for which it is characteristic. A) sensory organs - one 1) morphological A pair of tentacles 2) ecological B) brown color of the shell C) inhabits fresh water bodies D) feeds on the soft tissues of plants E) spirally twisted shell ABVGD Big pond snail

В 2 Set the correct order of systematic categories, starting with the smallest. A) species B) order C) class D) genus E) kingdom E) family G) type AGEBVZhD

C 4 Differences arose between isolated populations. It is necessary to find out whether new species have formed as a result of these differences, or not yet. Suggest a way to solve this problem. C 4 Differences arose between isolated populations. It is necessary to find out whether new species have formed as a result of these differences, or not yet. Suggest a way to solve this problem.

Test control work on the topic

"Population-Species and Ecosystem Levels"

A1 .Power networks are

1.bonds between parents and offspring

2.genetic connections

3.metabolism of the body cell.

4.ways of transfer of matter and energy in the ecosystem

A2 . All species that form the food web exist due to the organic matter created

1.only plants

2.only plants and animals

3.animals,bacteria fungi

4. plants, cyano- and chemosynthetic bacteria.

A3. the bulk of the land biomass is

1.plants

2.animals

3.bacteria

4. mushrooms

A4. The sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems is mainly determined by

1.Great variety of species of living organisms

2. the predominance of the number of animal species

3.A small number of species of living organisms

4. equality in the number of species of animals and plants

A5. The stability of an ecosystem is enhanced if it

2. the number of types of decomposers decreases

3. the number of species of all living organisms is increasing

4.all plants disappear

A6. The most stable system is

1.wheat field

2. Orchard

3. Steppe

4. Cultural pasture

A7. A purposefully created community is called

1.biocenosis

2. Biogeocenosis

3. Agrocenosis

4. Biosphere

A8. Founder of the doctrine of the biosphere

1. S.S. Chetverikov
2. 2. N.I. Vavilov
3. 3. V.I. Vernadsky
4. 4. B.L. Astaurov

A9. The living matter of the biosphere is

1. The totality of all plants on the planet

2. The totality of all animals on the planet

3. The totality of all the microbes of the planet

4. The totality of all living organisms on the planet

A10. The biosphere is an open system, because she is

1. receives and gives energy

2. only gives energy

3. only gets energy

4. does not receive or give energy

A11. main feature of the biosphere

1. The presence of living organisms
2. . The presence in it of non-living components processed by living organisms
3. . Circulation in-in, controlled by living organisms
4. . Solar Energy Binding

A12. Strengthening the greenhouse effect contributes

1.carbon dioxide

2. Propane

3. Nitrogen dioxide

4. Ozone

A13. the largest number of speciesfound in ecosystems

1. Temperate evergreen forests
2. 2. Wet tropics
3. 3. Temperate deciduous forests
4. 4. Taigi

A14.one one of the main reasons for the decline in animal species diversity

1.increasing consumption of food

2. Excessive reproduction of predators

3. Habitat destruction

4. Accumulation of pesticides in the environs. environment.

A15. The basic evolving unit in the animal kingdom is

1. Family
2. 2. Population
3. 3. Class
4. 4. Individual

A16. Which of the members of the food chain will get the least energy per unit of body weight

Plant - rodent predator - flea

1.plant

2. To a rodent

3. Predator

4. Bacteria

A17. The food chain reflects:

1. Flows of energy and nutrients from one organism to another
2. Dependence of organisms on each other
3. The nature of nutrition
4. .herbivory and carnivory of organisms

A18. The main criterion for the type is

1. morphological
2. . Physiological
3. . Genetic
4. . Geographical

A19. Organic substances during photosynthesis are formed from

1. Proteins and hydrocarbons
2. . oxygen and carbon dioxide
3. . carbon dioxide and water
4. oxygen and hydrogen.

A20. The difference between living and non-living is:

1. The use of energy by living systems to support their growth and development
2. Differences in the chemical elements that make up the systems
3. Ability to move
4. The ability to increase mass.

1 option

1. None of the listed organisms can evolve

BUT) bear B) termite colony AT) swan couple G) laboratory colony of bacteria

2. Scientists attributed two groups of outwardly similar individuals to populations of different species. The main reason for this was

BUT) the external difference between these groups B) isolation of groups from each other

AT) physiological features G) non-crossing of individuals of these groups with each other

3. The exchange of genes between a population of the same species may cease, most likely due to

BUT) restrictions on the territory occupied by populations B) range isolation

AT) differences in the nature of food G) climatic differences between areas

4. A mutation that occurs in one of the sand martin populations cannot

BUT) spread in this population B) move into other populations of sand martins

AT) move into population of city swallows G) disappear

5. Individuals belong to the same population if they

BUT) live in the same area B) eat the same food

AT) occupy a common eco-niche G) produce fertile offspring when crossed

6. Choose the correct statement. The songbird and the blackbird living in the same forest make up

BUT) one population of one species B) one population of different species

AT) two populations of the same species G) two populations of different species

IN 1. Match the terms that designate the criteria of the species with the terms that do not designate them.

IN 2. From the given factors, select those that are able to regulate the number of populations, that is, increase the strength of the impact with an increase in its density:

C.1. One organism, one population and even a whole species are NOT capable of independent isolated existence. Give at least four proofs for this statement.

C.2. The sizes of nesting sites are different in different species. For redstart, for example, 300 m, and for hoopoe - up to 800 m. In what period is this observed and what is the reason?

Independent work on the topic "Population-species standard of living"

Option 2

1. From the listed organisms can evolve

BUT) bear family B) ant AT) crane G) two same-sex parrots

2. Individuals of two populations of the same species

A) m can interbreed and produce fertile offspring B) cannot interbreed

AT) can interbreed but do NOT produce offspring G) only interbreed in captivity

3 . Individuals from different populations of foxes are NOT capable of interbreeding if

BUT) they inhabit different parts of the range

B) their gene pools differ in a number of genes

AT) they have different chromosome sets

G) they have strong intraspecific competition for food and territory

4. The two twin species of wolves can be distinguished by

BUT) number of vertebrae B) skull size AT) number of chromosomes G) fur density

5. Individuals belong to different populations of the same species if they

BUT) are the same by all criteria and live in the same territory

B) isolated and incapable of interbreeding

AT) occupy different areas, and outwardly different

G) identical in all criteria, but isolated

6. Specify the term that refers to the territory occupied by the species

BUT) plot B) square AT) space G) range

IN 1. Determine which groups of organisms are a population

A) a group of cheetahs at the Moscow Zoo

B) a family of wolves

C) rye in the field

D) bird market

D) a colony of seagulls

E) brown bears on Sakhalin Island

G) all oak forest plants

C.1. List the parameters that characterize one population and make it possible to compare different populations

C.2. All the variety of forms of interspecies relations can be reduced to three main groups. List them.

Class: 9

Type of lesson: lesson-game with colloquium elements.

Lesson objectives:

• educational tasks. Consolidation of basic ecological concepts (levels of organization of living things, species, population, ecosystem, flows of matter and energy in an ecosystem, biogeocenosis), particular ecological concepts (species criteria, environmental factors, adaptations, community productivity), necessary basic knowledge (biological classification); continue the formation of general educational skills (work with a textbook, the Internet, a PC, an interactive whiteboard); special skills and abilities (observe, explore living objects, compare, analyze, draw conclusions).
• educational tasks. To draw students' attention to the problem of nature protection (environmental education), to help to feel the beauty and harmony of natural objects (aesthetic education), in order to prevent student fatigue, to help apply various activities in preparing for the lesson and conducting it (physical education, the use of health-saving technologies ).
• development tasks. To form skills: observation, accuracy in completing the task, highlight the main thing in the material being studied, carry out elementary analytical actions, draw conclusions, review the conclusions of their comrades.

The objectives of the lesson: to systematize, deepen and expand knowledge about the species, population; about the features of the structure and functioning of natural communities; about regular changes in ecosystems.

Equipment: interactive whiteboard, photos, multimedia projector.

Preparing for the lesson

The class is divided into 3 parts: two parts - two teams "Blossom" and "Sunset" 10 people each and a jury team (5 people): Varlamova Liina, Kontorshchikov Anton, Marchenkova Julia, Penko Victor, Severina Natalia.

In the previous lesson, the following homework is given: a common part- repeat paragraphs: 4.1-4.3; 5.1-5.5 relevant chapters from the textbook; a list of populations of six species is given (hog parsnip, gray rat, rotan, Amur tiger, lily of the valley, sturgeon), using a textbook, periodicals, the Internet, students should, as much as possible, answer questions characterizing the state of the population at the present time

List of questions characterizing the state of the population in terms of size:

The jury has 3 multi-colored cards, for voting - expressions of agreement or disagreement with the statements of the teams: red - disagree; green - agree; yellow - do not fully agree.

The tables in the office are arranged in such a way that the team members are facing each other, they can see the jury and the teacher; the jury is located between the teams; teacher - between the teams, opposite the jury. That is, the tables are set in a square.

The teacher keeps a "protocol", noting the work and activity of each student in the lesson.

During the classes

Team "Blossom" the first one begins to present a list of species populations considered to be the most successful in the team. She is ready to prove her case to her rivals and the jury with factual material. The list includes: hogweed, gray rat, rotan.

Kulikova Tatiana:

Hogweed Sosnovsky

Family Celery (Apiaceae) or Umbelliferae (Umbelliferae).

For a powerful look hogweed nicknamed by botanists as the grass of Hercules (Heracleum).

A perennial herbaceous plant with a height of 50 to 250 cm. The green parts emit an unpleasant odor when damaged. In the first year, a basal rosette develops, in the second - a stem and seeds. The flowers are white-greenish, sometimes pink in the form of large multi-beam umbrellas. Seeds ripen in July, crumble easily.

In central Russia, in May, the flowering of Sosnovsky's hogweed begins - a huge three-meter plant that usually grows along roadsides, fences of summer cottages, in forest glades and edges.

It contains special substances - furocoumarins, which act as photosensitizers: when they get on the skin, they make it sensitive to the sun. Under the influence of solar radiation, it can cause skin burns, so you need to collect the plant with gloves. The leaves have a strong aromatic smell and a bitter taste due to the large amount of essential oils and coumarins. Flowering hogweeds provide bees with nectar and light gray pollen. Dozens of bees often swarm on the inflorescences of hogweed. They are attracted not only by nectar, but also by pollen, which serves as protein food for bees and a source of fats, vitamins, and minerals.

Churochkin Fedor:

Gray rat. Pasyuk.

In Russia, in the temperate zone, the distribution of the gray rat is continuous.

The gray rat is originally a semi-aquatic species, which in nature lives along the banks of various reservoirs. Thanks to its omnivorous nature, high research activity, fast learning ability and high fecundity, it has adapted to life in anthropogenic landscapes and directly in human buildings.

Gray rats prefer to inhabit the gently sloping shores of water bodies, with good protective conditions - dense vegetation, voids in the soil, etc. Under natural conditions, they dig fairly simple burrows 2–5 m long and up to 50–80 cm deep. reservoirs, gardens, gardens and parks, wastelands, places of recreation for people (for example, beaches), landfills, sewers, edges of "filtration fields". A prerequisite is the proximity of water. In cities, they sometimes rise in buildings up to 8-9 floors, but they prefer to settle in basements and on the lower floors of residential and warehouse buildings, where available food supplies and household waste provide them with a food base.

These are mobile animals with outstanding physical data. If necessary, the rat can reach speeds of up to 10 km / h, overcoming barriers up to 80 cm high on the go (up to 1 meter can jump from a place). Every day a rat runs from 8 to 17 km. They swim well (they can stay in the water for up to 72 hours) and dive, staying in the water column for a long time and even catching prey there. Rats have poor eyesight. The sense of smell is well developed, but at short distances.

Each rat consumes 25-20 g of food per day, eating 7-10 kg of food per year. Starvation gray rats endure hard and die without food in 3-4 days. They die even faster without water. The reproductive potential of the gray rat is extremely high. In nature, rats breed mainly in the warm season; in heated rooms, reproduction can continue all year round.

In natural biotopes and agrocenoses, they become prey for many predatory mammals and birds; in buildings - domestic cats and dogs. The systematic extermination of rats is carried out by man.

Korelova Svetlana:

The mosaic nature of the modern area is associated with the peculiar nature of the settlement. In isolated reservoirs, the population density exceeds the optimal one necessary for the prosperity of the species, that is, there is always a surplus of individuals. During floods, heavy rains, when the mother reservoir ceases to be isolated for a short time. If this is not possible, the population density is regulated by eating extra individuals.

It lives in swamps, rain puddles, lakes, small rivers, river bays, mountain streams, but prefers small stagnant, heavily overgrown water bodies, where its density reaches 100 ind./m 2 .

It is undemanding to the hydrochemical regime of reservoirs. Feels good at all normal natural temperatures. It can live in water with a meager content of dissolved oxygen, which is facilitated by aeration of water in the mouth when swallowing atmospheric air.

Rotan has excellent eyesight. He notices the prey from afar, approaches it slowly, in "rushes", working only with his ventral fins, without taking his eyes off the victim. Its movements are so slow and calm that it is very difficult to notice a hunting rotan. When hunting, he is very quick-witted, he takes "witty" decisions in difficult situations.

The female spawns 300-1000 eggs at a time, during the summer - up to 10,000 eggs. When there is little dissolved oxygen in the water, the clutches are located closer to the surface. The male aerates the water near her by working with his fins.

Rotan consumes aquatic invertebrates of almost all groups, however, preferring moving organisms; tadpoles, eggs and juvenile fish are found in the stomachs of rotans. In reservoirs with a high population density, rotan eats terrestrial invertebrates that fall into the water. In small lakes and ponds, rotan quickly undermines the resources of aquatic invertebrates, juvenile fish and remains the only representative of the ichthyofauna.

There are few enemies of rotan in European reservoirs: pike, catfish, birds. The damage caused by them to the rotan population is small. In general, within the region, such a death does not threaten rotan.

Team "Sunset" finds weaknesses in the team's "evidence" "Blossom". Or restrictions under which the claims of rivals are respected. All the given factual data by one team and criticism, additions by another are evaluated by the jury, recorded by the teacher.

Team "Sunset" starts presenting a list of populations of species that are considered the most oppressed in the team. And in turn, she is ready to prove her case to her rivals and the jury with factual material. The list includes: Amur tiger, lily of the valley, sturgeon.

Saveliev Nikita:

Amur tiger.

At present, only the Sikhote-Alin has the only viable population of the Amur tiger in the world.

The Amur tiger is an inhabitant of mountainous regions covered with broad-leaved and cedar-broad-leaved forests. The degree of adaptation of the predator to the difficult ecological conditions characteristic of the northern limit of the distribution of the species is quite high. Low winter temperatures do not affect the vital activity of the tiger. He arranges temporary beds right on the snow and can stay on them for several hours. For a long rest, they prefer shelters - rocky ledges and niches, voids under fallen trees.

Tigers lead a solitary lifestyle. The exception is females, accompanied by a brood of cubs, or the rutting period. The individual ranges of adult same-sex individuals do not overlap or may partially overlap (in males). The daily movements of tigers are different and depend on whether the animal makes a transition through the habitat, hunts successfully or unsuccessfully, searches for prey or eats it. The basis of food is wild boar and red deer.

Tiger cubs are separated from their mother in the second year of life. Accordingly, tigress broods may appear at intervals of two years. Since the beginning of the 1950s, as a result of the protection measures taken, the area of ​​tiger habitat has begun to expand noticeably.

Currently, tigers inhabit almost the entire forested part of the habitats suitable for them in the Primorsky and southern parts of the Khabarovsk Territory.

The main limiting factor is poaching, which has become commercial in recent years. Tiger products are sold in most countries of East Asia as a valuable medicinal raw material. Another negative factor in terms of significance is the increased imbalance in the numbers of the predator and its main prey.

Chernigovtseva Valentina:

A very valuable commercial fish, reaching a length of 2 meters and a weight of up to 80 kg. Spreading. The Black, Azov and Caspian seas, from where the sturgeon rises to the rivers for spawning.

Characteristic. The Russian sturgeon is an anadromous fish moving in flocks or single individuals. Mass accumulations form only in the sea, in desalinated areas and on wintering grounds. In the Volga, according to available information, it forms a residential race.

Growth. Russian sturgeon reaches a length of 2.3 m and a weight of 12-24 kg, occasionally 80 kg or more. He lives up to 46 years and longer.

Nutrition. Sturgeon fry in the Volga feed on benthic animals. In underyearlings, chironomid larvae predominate in the food; in older ones, the same chironomid larvae, amphipods, and oligochaetes. Large individuals, in addition to the listed forms, also feed on small mollusks. The feeding intensity of large sturgeons in the river is greatly reduced. In the stomachs of individual specimens, there are remains of organisms swallowed by sturgeon while still in the sea. In the Caspian Sea, crustaceans, primarily amphipods, are of great importance in the nutrition of juveniles. The composition of the food of large individuals to a large extent depends on the areas where they keep. In addition to mollusks, fish (gobies, sprat), crustaceans and worms are of great importance in some areas.

Competitors. In the Caspian Sea, the main competitors of sturgeon are some types of gobies and, to a much lesser extent, stellate sturgeon and other bottom-feeding fish. The sturgeon, due to its food plasticity, can use food resources quite diversely, which greatly reduces the negative impact of competitors. The enemies of the sturgeon are few. On most spawning grounds, the risk of eating eggs is minimal, since fish do not stay there, and the invertebrate fauna is poorly developed. Also, the juveniles have few enemies, which keep to sections of the river with a fast current. Large sturgeons are inaccessible to enemies due to their size. The change in the number of sturgeon is influenced by the anthropogenic factor - caviar production. In recent years, this type of activity has been strictly limited, but due to poaching, the number of sturgeons has sharply decreased. As a result, catching sturgeon for the purpose of extracting caviar, selling caviar is prohibited.

Parshina Anna:

This flower is famous and very popular. However, it would hardly have become so famous and popular if it had not been so common. It does not just grow in many forests of the Eastern Hemisphere, but is found in abundance. And suddenly - the lily of the valley is declared protected, it is taken under protection:

Here is another example of a prosperous, prosperous species that has become dysfunctional! But how could this happen? Until recently, few people returned from the spring forest without a bouquet (or even bouquets) of lilies of the valley. How nice to look at him in the room, how nice to give such a bouquet to a friend. But how many such bunches were taken out of the forest, how many flowers were destroyed as a result?! It is harvested in large quantities for the pharmaceutical industry and often does not do it skillfully, not knowing how, when and what to harvest. For the preparation of medicines, lily of the valley collected only in spring is suitable, at other times of the year - useless destruction of the plant. In addition, you need to know the characteristics of this plant. The first year, the lily of the valley - a seedling (a plant that emerged from a seed) hides underground. Only in the second year does a green leaf appear. It is curious that it is twisted so tightly, as if it were piercing the ground with a spear, but gradually unwinds and a second one appears. Both sheets are, as it were, folded like a funnel and resemble a funnel, water gets into it and thanks to this funnel it is directly carried to the roots.

By autumn, a thick rhizome forms in the ground. It grows (about 15 centimeters per year), grows, throws out many long cords. From them, new leaves appear on the surface. Arriving at some clearing, you can see dense thickets of lily of the valley. These are plants with a single root. Because of this, the plant is very vulnerable: it is enough to damage at least a small part of the rhizome, the entire lily of the valley thicket in the clearing will die.

You must always remember about the toxicity of this plant.

In this representation of weakened species populations, the team "Blossom" looking for inaccuracies and limitations - "weak spots" in the evidence base of rivals, under the watchful eye of the jury and the teacher.

After the presentation of one team and analysis of its evidence by another team, the word is passed to the jury. There is a vote if a verbal comment is needed.

After summing up the results of the first task, the teacher gives the second building. It provides for joint independent group work within the team, based on the knowledge acquired by students earlier. The time given is 1 minute. Task question: "Find the place of each of the populations you represent in the material-energy flow in the biocenosis"

Sample Team Responses "Blossom":

Successful species (populations) of hogweed, gray rat, sleeper, as a rule, are located in different biocenoses or on their borders.

Golovina Nastya: Hogweed, as an autotroph, receives energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and nutrients from the soil. The life of pollinating insects is very closely connected with flowering hogweed. Few herbivores are able to eat the green mass of this plant (cow). By eating, processing cow parsnip, cows receive energy and nutrients from the plant. Waste enters the soil, where insects, worms and microorganisms receive energy and nutrients, enriching this substrate with available substances for the plant.

Dovgailo Anatoly: The gray rat is omnivorous: it consumes plant and animal food, using the nutrients and energy contained in it. Her natural enemies are predatory: canine and feline. By eating rats, predators get nutrients and energy. Their remains, getting into the soil, are mineralized into nutrients available to plants.

Yushin Alexander: Rotan lives in reservoirs, feeds on fish fry, small frogs, algae. Nutrients and the energy of chemical bonds in these substances comes from food. Larger predators (birds, mammals, large birds of prey) prey on rotans, eating them. Digesting them, the body of large predators receives nutrients and energy accumulated in the body of rotan. Processed products enter the water, where they are food for the smallest crustaceans, worms, protozoa, which themselves are food for mollusks and other fish.

Sample Team Responses "Sunset":

Species (populations) in need of protection, protection: the Amur tiger, lily of the valley, sturgeon, as a rule, are in different biocenoses.

Dyachkova Irina: The Amur tiger is a predator that eats ungulates and herbivores. The energy and nutrients contained in the prey are transferred from the prey to the predator. After death, getting into the ground, the body of a tiger is decomposed by insects, worms, microorganisms. Nutrients and energy pass into the organisms of the "gravediggers". Carbon dioxide, minerals become available to plants. Herbivorous animals feed on plants, which become the prey of a predator - a tiger.

Aleksey Tserenko: Lily of the valley is a plant that receives energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air, and mineral nutrients from the soil. The flowering plant is associated with insect pollinators. Due to its toxicity, herbivores do not eat it. With the seasonal death of the ground part, rotting occurs, its mineralization is processed by insects and microorganisms. The nutrients obtained after this are available to plants.

Popkov Dmitry: The sturgeon lives in the seas and rivers, feeds on small fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and worms. The nutrients and energy accumulated by these animals passes to the sturgeons. Due to its size, there are no enemies for the sturgeon. Dying, the body of the fish remains in the water, where it is food for the smallest organisms that process the "dead" - extracting nutrients and energy for themselves. The remains settle to the bottom and give nutrients to benthic forms and algae, which, using them and sunlight, form a green biomass, saturating the water with oxygen.

After the allotted time has elapsed, the teams, in turn, speak out. Analysis of statements by the opposing team is welcome. After listening to all the opinions, the jury issues its verdict. At the end of the lesson, the jury member Marchenkova Julia recites a fragment of a poem by E. Matusovskaya "Caution":

Son, do not crush the beetle and the ant
And do not interrupt the existence of a speckled cow,
So that someone's awkward movement
Your life has not been cut short.
Imagine: one summer, in the morning
Another boy you don't know
Bored all day to sit over a book,
Another is looking for a game for himself.
Now try to see the child
Look up and hold your cap:
The head is hidden behind the clouds
Thunderous children's words:
He can no longer be there.
And there are already squashed trees,
Where the trace lay from the five-year-old legs.
Look, now he will come out into the clearing.
He took a step and did not look (but he will look - he will not see).
One move and in broad daylight
There is no you, no home, no me:
Son, walk and choose the path,
Don't crush the flower and don't break the blade of grass
And moderate the agility of running a little,
To go around the crawling beetle.

List of references and information used:

7. Chernova N. M. "To the teacher of biology about the basics of ecology" Ed. "Pedagogical University "First of September" M. 2006

Grade 9

I option

1. The form of existence of a species in specific environmental conditions and the unit of evolution is ...

A) ecology; B) population; B) view.

2. A set of organisms characterized by a common origin, having a hereditary similarity of all signs and properties, is called ...

A) view B) criterion; B) population.

3. An important factor in evolution ...

A) heredity of populations;

B) hybridization;

C) population variability.

4. An English naturalist who was the first to try to determine the criteria, or signs, by which one can judge the belonging of an organism to a given species ...

5. Group characteristics, such as abundance, fertility, mortality, age composition, are called ...

A) an environmental indicator;

B) demographic indicator;

B) world class.

6. Correlate the criteria of the species with their characteristics:

Genetic

Ecological

Geographical

Morphological

Physiological

a) A certain area of ​​​​distribution;

b) Similarity of life processes;

c) External structure;

d) The structure of the genomic material;

e) Certain living conditions.

f) Environmental factors

Population-species level. Grade 9

II option

1. The science of the relationship of organisms with each other and with the environment is ...

A) view; B) population; B) ecology.

2 . A group of organisms of the same species that have the ability to interbreed freely and maintain their existence indefinitely in a given area is ...

A) the population B) criterion; B) view.

3. The section of biology that deals with the description and classification of organisms - both living and extinct, is called ...

A) kingdom B) systematics; B) department.

4. The Swedish scientist who created scientific systematics ...

A) T. Morgan; B) Carl Linnaeus; C) John Ray.

5. The characteristic features and properties by which some species differ from others are called ...

A) the criteria for the species; B) criteria of the genus; B) systematic.

6. Correlate the demographics of the population with their characteristics:

fertility

population

Age composition

Density

Mortality

a) The total number of individuals;

b) The rate of addition of individuals;

c) The number of individuals in a certain territory;

d) The rate of reduction in numbers;

e) The ratio of old and young individuals

f) The ratio of males and females

Population-species level. Grade 9

III option

A) populations B) families.

A) Carl Linnaeus b) John Ray.

5. The area is ...

B) geographical criterion.

A) genetic criterion;

B) morphological criterion.

A) systematics; B) ecology.

Population-species level. Grade 9

III option

1. In nature, groups are not distributed evenly, but separately ...

A) populations B) families.

2. The characteristic features and properties by which some species differ from others are called ...

A) criteria of the genus; B) criteria types;

3. Hereditary variability, the struggle for existence, natural selection are manifested in the population, therefore it is considered ...

A) a unit of the species; B) a unit of evolution.

4. The double name of the species was introduced by ...

A) Carl Linnaeus b) John Ray.

5. The area is ...

A) demographic indicator;

B) the area of ​​​​distribution of the species.

6. The similarity of the external and internal structure of the body is ...

A) morphological criterion;

B) geographical criterion.

7. The set of chromosomes characteristic of each species, their size, shape, DNA composition is ...

A) genetic criterion;

B) morphological criterion.

8. The rate of decline in numbers as a result of the death of individuals is ...

A) fertility B) mortality.

9. The number of individuals in a certain territory is ...

A) density; B) number.

10. Science. studying the life of populations is ...

A) systematics; B) ecology.

Answers. Population-species level. Grade 9

I option

1 - d; 2 - d; 3 - a; 4 - in; 5 B.

II option

1 - b; 2 - a; 3 - d; 4 - in; 5 - g.

III option

BUT; 6. A;

B; 7. A;

B; 8. B;

BUT; 9. A;

B; 10. B.