PerformersKudryavtseva Olga Magomedovna, Kudryavtseva Nastya.

Project type:creative, with elements of research activity.

Target:to acquaint the child with the meaning of water, its properties and form a conscious careful attitude to water.

Tasks:- to summarize the knowledge of the child about where and how water enters the house, how to use it economically;

Develop the cognitive abilities of the child in the process of observation;

Introduce the child to the properties of water;

To form the concept that water can be purified.

The relevance of the project.

During the implementation of the project work, the child gets acquainted with the physical properties of water, the water cycle in nature. The child realizes the need to use water sparingly, draws conclusions about the value of water for all living organisms (animals, plants). Develops observation, creativity. The implementation of the project is carried out in the process of organizing joint activities of an adult and a child at home based on the knowledge gained in kindergarten.

The child was interested in this topic, because we need water in everyday life. The experimentation is very inspiring as the limited water supply is further reduced by pollution. That is why it is so important to know how to purify water.

Introduction.

People cannot imagine their life without water. Water plays an important role in our life, it accompanies us everywhere. Owners of land have the opportunity to build a well and use water for all household needs. The situation is quite different in apartment buildings. To provide the inhabitants of the house with water, it is necessary to build a complex water supply system using special filtering devices. Therefore, even a minor breakdown in this system can have catastrophic consequences. Many people believe that water resources are inexhaustible. Hence - faulty or simply not closed taps in apartments, not repaired, leaking pipes, clogged rivers and other reservoirs.

Our task, as parents of the younger generation, is to show how important it is to conserve water. In addition, water is not only a natural resource, without water the life of all living beings is not possible.

Our observations.

How much water is needed for a particular purpose:

To prepare a cup of tea, boil about 500 ml in a teapot. water, a cup of tea - about 150-200 ml.

For watering one indoor plant, we use about 100-200 ml. water. We have 18 small plants and 3 large ones on our balcony. Watering small plants takes 18 x 100 ml. = 1800 ml. Watering large plants takes 3 x 200 ml. = 600 ml.

As a result, it takes 1800 ml to water all the plants in the house. + 600 ml. = 2400 ml.

We water the flowers once a week. This means that it takes 4 x 2400 ml per month to water the flowers. = 9600 ml. In summer, when the air temperature rises, we water the plants 2 times a week.

To change the water in a turtle tank, we use ¼ of the tank volume (approximately 4-5 liters). We change the water in the aquarium once every 2 days. It follows that we consume about 4 x 4-5 liters of water = 16-20 liters per week. 4 x 16-20 liters per month = 64-80 liters.

2) How to prepare water for use:

For cooking and drinking, we pour cold water into pots and kettles and boil them. Hot water in taps is used for technical purposes: in radiators, for washing clothes, washing floors and dishes, for bathing.

For watering indoor plants and changing the water in the aquarium, we collect cold water in a container and defend it for several days.

For what needs is water used in a residential building:

Every day our whole family consumes water from different points. First of all, water enters the kitchen. Here we have a sink and a washing machine. In the kitchen, with the help of water, we cook food, wash dishes, and wash clothes.

We use water in the shower and toilet room. We take care of hygiene every day, washing ourselves, brushing our teeth, taking a shower.

Indoor plants grow in our apartment, water is used for their irrigation, which we defend for several days. Nastya has red-eared turtles in her aquarium, which also need water.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that we spend most of the water on our own hygiene, food and drink. The average amount of water is spent on maintaining cleanliness in the house and for other needs.

Water properties.

By the age of seven, a child has a lot of information about the properties of water, namely:

Water is a colorless, transparent liquid without taste or smell.

Water has three states: steam, ice, flowing.

Water can be painted in any color: with the help of art paints (watercolor, gouache), tea or coffee, food coloring.

Our experiments with water:

Snow is the solid state of water. We took the snow from the freezer and held it over a burning candle. As a result, the snow turned into water.

Nastya observation in nature:tIt also happens in nature in spring - the sun begins to warm more strongly, and the snow melts, turning into water.

Heavy objects and materials sink in water, light objects float to the surface.

For the experiment, we used cold tap water, colored sand, and paraffin.

First, Nastya poured colored sand into the water and stirred it. The sand remained at the bottom.

Then they lit a candle and dripped molten paraffin into the same vessel. Drops of paraffin do not sink, remaining on the surface of the water.

Nastin's conclusion:sand is heavy, so it sinks, paraffin droplets are light, so they float on the surface of the water.

Where and how does water get into our house.

We found out that water enters the tap from a well or a river. Only she does not get into the tap right away. Those droplets with which we washed, for example, our hands, have come a long way. First, a person directed from the river to the pipes, where the water was purified, and after that it enters the tap. Used water from the tap flows into the sewer and through the drains back into the river.

We also found out that water has three states: flowing, steam and ice. Large reservoirs contain water in a fluid state. When the air temperature rises, when the sun's rays heat the surface of the reservoir, the water passes into a vapor state and evaporates. Thus, it gathers in the atmosphere into clouds, and then into large clouds. Overflowing clouds pour out the water accumulated in them in the form of raindrops. This is how the water returns to the surface of the earth. When the air temperature drops below zero, the water in the reservoir turns into ice.

Nastin's conclusion:The state of the water depends on the air temperature. If it is cold, the water turns into ice (for example, ice cream, ice cubes are stored in the freezer, it is always cold there). When water boils, it turns into steam because the temperature rises.

Experiment "Water Purification".

It is very important to teach the child the concept that water should not be polluted. Polluted water is not suitable for use not only by people, but also by all living organisms, which may die due to pollution. To show by experience that polluted water can be purified even at home. Nastya was interested in the experience of water purification. First, we took a mug of water from the tap and poured sand and small pebbles, dry leaves and paper.

Question:can this water be used?

Answer:No, you can't, because it's dirty.

Then we decided to conduct an experiment on water purification. To do this, they took a clean container, a funnel for pouring liquid and a cotton pad, which they put in the funnel.

Nastya carefully poured water from the mug into a clean container through a funnel with a cotton pad.

As a result, all the debris remained on the cotton pad, and the water that passed through the funnel into the container became clean.

Outcome:

During the experiment, we expanded our understanding of water, learned how to take care of water, and clean it from pollution.

Conclusion.

As you know, fresh water reserves in the world are very small. These reserves are gradually depleted, fresh water is becoming less and less. Water is one of the main resources on earth. It is hard to imagine what would happen to our planet if fresh water disappeared. But such a threat exists. All living things suffer from polluted water, it is harmful to human life. Therefore, water is our main wealth, we must protect it! We learned how to conserve water and learn how to use it carefully, purify it at home.

Research project on the topic:

WATER IN THE HOUSE

Completed by: Kaplunova Veronika,

5th grade student

MKOU "Secondary School No. 15" IMR SK

Scientific adviser: Yartseva T.I.

biology teacher of the highest category,

MKOU "Secondary School No. 15" IMR SK

Table of contents

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Goals and objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Theoretical facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Where is water used in our home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

What is the quality of water in our village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

How does water get into our homes? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Water classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Practical work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

How important is water to humans? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

How to filter water, and what types of filters are. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Method 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Method 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Method 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Method 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eight

My filter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ten

How much water does our family use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ten

Ways to save water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ten

Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..ten

Conclusion from the completed work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .12

Introduction

My project is "Water in the house". I chose this topic in connection with an environmental problem related to water. At the moment, this is the main problem of our planet, since only 3% of all water reserves on Earth are fresh; constantly, because of man, reservoirs are polluted, and because of the factories built by him, the atmosphere is polluted, on top of which there are clouds from which it rains, and if it rains polluted, then everything will be polluted accordingly.

What is water? It is a formless substance, a universal solvent, with a certain mass and density, colorless and odorless.

H 2 Ois the formula for water. This formula means that a particle of water consists of two particles of hydrogen and one particle of oxygen.

Goals and objectives:

Objectives: 1) To study the places in the house where water is used.

2) Find out what quality the water is in our village.

3) Find out how and where water gets into our homes.

Tasks: 1) Describe the importance of water for humans.

2) Get acquainted with the work of a home filter.

4) Suggest ways to save water.

Theoretical facts

Where is water used in our home? We have several places in the house where we use water: kitchen (faucet), bathroom (shower, washing machine), toilet (faucet, toilet flush tank), corridor (aquarium).

Our family needs a kitchen faucet to wash dishes, collect water for cooking and drinks.

We take a shower in the shower cubicle.

Washing machine - its name speaks for itself.

Toilet faucet for washing hands after using the toilet.

The aquarium serves us as a kind of sedative, because according to scientific research, looking at the fish, our nervous system calms down and recovers faster.

What is the quality of water in our community?

I would say that it is not the best, as it is tough, and often even rusty, so it has to be cleaned. I will write about this in the "practical work" section, the item "how to filter water and what filters are."

Water classification: I think it can be divided according to two criteria. This is for hardness and application.

Application difference: Industrial water is extracted from the surface layers of the earth. For example: wells, rivers. It is used for field irrigation, animal watering and industrial production.

Drinking water is obtained at depth. Its composition is different depending on the layers of the soil in which it is located. Water is: hydrogen sulfide, iodine, ferruginous, silicon and others. Water should be drunk 2 liters per day.

Medicinal water is extracted at a depth. But it is found only in some places. Sources of mineral medicinal water Caucasian mineral waters: Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, Goryachiy Klyuch, Essentuki, Pyatigorsk, Mineralnye Vody. Sanatoriums and health resorts are being built near such sources. Doctors prescribe these waters depending on the type of disease. Mineral water is used not only inside, but also for baths, inhalations.

Hardness difference: Soft water - is found mainly in the deep layers of the earth. It contains some of the alkaline elements.

Hard water is found in the surface layers of the earth. Contains large amounts of calcium and magnesium salts. Because of this, when boiled, scale remains.

Practical work

How important is water to humans?

In table 1, I will show the rate of drinking water for a person. A person consists of 75-80% water: our brain is 80%, muscles - 75%, plasma - 91%, blood - 92%, bones - 22%, and cells - almost 70%. It follows from this that a person cannot live without water.

How to filter water, and what filters are: Often, as I said, you have to filter the water. I will offer 4 ways to purify water

Method 1.

Freezing

This cleaning method is quite effective. The fact is that polluted water freezes last. And if you freeze water gradually, then the ice formed at the very beginning will be the purest. It must be collected and stored in the freezer, thawing as needed.

Melt water has healing properties. In molecular structure, it is similar to the liquid contained in our cells, and helps to improve the metabolism and vital activity of each cell. Drink melted water should be within a day after thawing, while it is stillcontains its healing properties. When boiled, such water loses them and is not suitable for cooking.

Method 2.

Mineralization

Ordinary water can be turned into healing water by dropping a mineral - flint or shungite into it. Several small pieces of silicon, which is sold under the name"opal chalcedony", destroy all pathogenic bacteria. Fill them with tap water and leave for 2-3 days. Water prepared in this way will help you significantly improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, strengthen the body, and increase its resistance to disease.

Shungite works much faster. The water purified with it is indispensable for inhalation and rinsing. And if you take a bath with a small pebble of shungite, the skin will be cleansed and become smooth.

Method 3.

Electrochemical cleaning

With the help of a special device, consisting of a non-conductive container, electrodes and a membrane, a direct current is passed through the water. The result is two types of water -"live"(alkaline) and"dead"(acid)."Alive" has the ability to accelerate cell growth. It is indispensable for watering plants, it is used for cosmetic, and sometimes for medicinal purposes."Dead", being a mildly acting antiseptic, effectively copes with any microbes.

Method 4.

Make your own carbon filter (+ activated carbon description).

Since ancient times, activated carbon has been used primarily as an effective filter. They purified water and wines to improve their quality.

The use of carbon filters is still relevant today, which is associated with pollution of natural resources, which affects the quality of life of people. Purification of water and drugs used for treatment is important for human health.

Often, tap water is heavily chlorinated, has an unpleasant odor and taste, looks cloudy and contains a lot of substances and microorganisms harmful to humans, although it is treated at city treatment plants. In this case, the use of activated carbon as a cleaning filter is the most effective and fairly cheap means to improve the quality of drinking water and prevent many diseases. Activated carbon is able to absorb all substances harmful to the body, including such heavy substances as lead, mercury, radon and its decay products, chlorine, pesticides, etc. At the same time, activated carbon leaves valuable minerals in the water.

People with a diseased liver should not use unpurified water for drinking and cooking. The use of such water can exacerbate the disease and worsen the general condition of the patient. Compulsory water purification or purchase of already purified water is recommended.

The device of the coal filter: a - the input of the treated water, the output of the wash water; b – purified water outlet, wash water inlet; in - air; g - drain; e - activated carbon.

Carbon water filters can be made by yourself. To do this, take powdered activated or birch charcoal, wrap it with gauze or cotton cloth. Having made several such layers, put them in a saucepan (it can also be replaced with a bottle), at the bottom of which a hole has been made. The pan must be placed on another vessel designed to collect purified water. Water poured into the pan will pass through the coal and be purified. Such a filter is effective for several days, after which it is recommended to replace it with a new one.

Currently, you can buy ready-made filters with an installed counter for measuring recycled water to accurately determine the service life of activated carbon in the device. The carbon filter unit is easily replaced with a new one as needed.

My filter: Jug"Barrier"- This is one of the simplest and most common filters in everyday life. Such filters do not need plumbing, so they can be used not only at home, but also in the office, outdoors or in the country. How it works: water flows from one container to another through a layer of sorbent (often coal or silver). For such filters, filter cassettes with different properties are produced - for soft water, for hard water and bactericidal. Pitchers differ in the volume of water they can hold - I have 2 liters (sometimes also 1 and 3 liters). Typically, the filtration time for 1 liter of water is 3-4 minutes.

Advantages of devices of this type: low cost, ease of use and installation. The disadvantages are the small resource of cartridges and the need to fill the jug manually.

How much water does our family use? The amount of water consumed is recorded in Table 2 and also shown in Diagram 1. Every day our whole family consumes a lot of water, but still not quite a lot.

Ways to save water:

1) Always turn off the faucet after using it. Monitor their correctness. Turn off the faucet or use a glass while brushing your teeth.

2) Load washing machines and dishwashers completely. Take care of yourself, stain your clothes less to reduce the number of washes.

3) Take a shower more often than a bath. Put the toilet with a lever, and not with a button (if possible). In the shower, turn off the tap while we wash or wash our hair.

Conclusion:

Thus, from the above it can be seen that many of us use water resources irrationally (and this is in view of the fact that the example is given for only one family).

In 2020, if no action is taken, there will be a global water crisis.

Therefore, it is in our power, by taking the necessary measures today, to prevent the tragedy of the future.

Appendix

Table 1

CONSUMPTION

WATER

For 1

once

For 1

day

For 1

week

For 1

month

For 1

year

washing

the car

liters

liters

liters

1680

liters

20160

liters

Washing

crockery

liter

liters

liter

liters

7560

liters

shower

liters

liters

liters

liters

1800

liters

Aquarium

liters

Replacement 30%

(i.e. 45 liters)

liters

2700

liters

Cooking (1.Food 2.Drinks)

liters

liters

10,5

liters

liters

liters

liters

liter

liters

liters

liters

Flushing the toilet tank

liters

liters

liters

1500

liters

18000

liters

Total

888,5

liters

4260

liters

51120

liters

table 2

Diagram 1

Lyubov Yaufman
Family environmental project "Water in the house"

Family environmental project: Water in our house.

Passport project.... 3

Introduction … 4

1. Purpose and objectives project.... 5

2. Stages of implementation project.... 5

Conclusion …8

Literature …9

Application … 10

PASSPORT PROJECT

Name project« Water in the house»

Head Yaufman Lyubov Aleksandrovna, teacher of the preparatory group MBDOUCRR kindergarten No. 1 of the village of Kalininskaya, Krasnodar Territory

Performers project Pimenov Evgeny Valerievich, Elena Nikolaevna,

Pimenov Kolya

Type project Creative, with elements of research activity.

Relevance project Raising the next generation environmentally literate conserving water resources and saving their use.

Target project Formation in children of a conscious, careful attitude to water,

instilling the skills of research activity of preschoolers;

education for children and adults ecological consciousness.

Tasks project 1. Study literature and Internet - related resources project.

2. To study the ways in which water enters the house and how to use it economically.

3. Learn to apply this knowledge in everyday life.

Used methods Analysis, collection of information from books, magazines, Internet - resources, generalization, analysis.

Expected result Application of acquired knowledge in practice.

Implementation stages project I. Preparatory (January 20 - February 3, 2013)

INTRODUCTION

Water for us the most familiar and simple substance. Water- a necessary condition for the existence of all living organisms on our planet. Water is one of the most basic human needs. Without water, a person can live only two or three days. Water must be treated very carefully, because there is not so much water suitable for drinking on earth. Despite the fact that water covered the area of ​​land.

Modern man is used to living comfortably, using a lot of clean water for domestic purposes, turning it into dirty water, pouring it into rivers, water bodies, which pollutes and harms the environment.

Therefore, it is necessary to instill in children a careful attitude to water, the source of life, the nature of their native land.

Our son Kolya is an active, inquisitive child. Making excursions, walking to water bodies, observing the natural processes of life of the inhabitants of rivers and lakes, Kolya asked many questions, to which he wanted to hear the answer right away. Therefore, we decided to start research activities with him so that he could find answers to his many questions himself.

The basis of the research activity was the materials of N. A. Ryzhova on the program "Our home is nature". Kolya, with great desire and interest, got involved in research activities, conducting various experiments with water, studying reservoirs, the ways water enters the house and its journey through pipes.

1. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES PROJECT.

Before starting to implement project, we set ourselves

goal: to study and expand ideas about the way water passes into the house and the places of its use. To develop skills for careful and economical use of water.

Based on this goal, we have identified the following tasks:

1. Study literature and Internet resources on the topic project.

2. Study the ways in which water enters the house.

3. To form the skills of careful and economical use of water. 4. To develop the intellectual and research abilities of our child;

5. Cultivate respect for water and wildlife.

2. STAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT.

I stage. Preparatory

In the preparatory phase of implementation project, we studied the literature on the water resources of our region. Find out where and how water gets into the house and how much it is needed for human life, while using materials from the Internet - resources.

II stage. Practical

Based on the materials available to us, we began to study places in home where is used water and research activities for the purification, filtering of polluted water.

To understand the ways of water travel, Kolya and I studied the water cycle in nature, and made a diagram. What helped Kolya remember in what form water exists in nature. In doing so, we used riddles:

It does not burn in fire and does not sink in water. (ice)

First it flies, then it runs

then on the street lies ...

Then without a bot or galoshes

You won't cross it dry. (rain)

She grows upside down

It grows not in summer, but in winter.

A little sun will bake it,

She will cry and die. (icicle)

What kind of stars through

On a coat and on a scarf?

All through - cut,

Will you take - water in hand. (snowflake)

Water, passing through the layers of the earth, is cleared in a natural way. To show this to Kolya clearly, we looked at a lot of illustrations, studied the information in the encyclopedia. Developed curiosity, observation, and speech. We tried to consolidate the knowledge gained in the drawing.

6 - 7 slides.

Where did water in our house? There is no river nearby. We use artesian water. It is cleaned in a special place called a water treatment plant. At first water passes through special gratings, then filters, where water become completely clean. Pumps pump clean water into underground pipelines. Plumbing engineers have built a long path to every house, kindergarten, shop.

Looking through the Internet materials about water, Kolya and I found a diagram of how water enters the house.

9-10 slide.

Examining the house and the basement, Kolya and I considered ways to connect pipes. The pipe connection is sealed so that not a single drop of water is wasted.

The first room it enters water - kitchen. Introducing the use of water in the kitchen, we used a didactic game « Water helper» We have shown economical ways to use water.

From the kitchen water enters the bathroom. Here Kolya washes, brushes his teeth. To save water, Kolya takes a shower. When brushing your teeth, rinse your mouth with a glass of water.

If our hands are in wax,

If there are blots on the nose,

Who then is our first friend?

Will it remove dirt from the face and hands?

After doing research work, Kolya and I learned several rules for using water.

1. Close the water tap.

2. Do not blast water with a strong jet.

3. Collect as much water as necessary.

III stage. Generalizing.

At the general stage of work on our family environmental project we were engaged in its design, photographed the stages of research activities, systematization of the work done, summing up.

Conclusion.

Summing up the results of our research activities, we came to the conclusion that Kolya mastered the knowledge and ideas about the properties of water and its significance for humans. In practice, he applies the acquired knowledge and passes it on to his peers. Take care of the use of water in home.

LITERATURE

1. N. I. Ryzhova "Our home is nature".

2. Volchkova V. N., Stepanova N. V. "Cognitive Development" shopping center "Teacher" 2004

3. Volchkova V. N., Stepanova N. V. « Ecology» 2004

4. Encyclopedia "Live nature"

5. Internet - resources.

Municipal budgetary educational institution

secondary school No. 24

municipal formation Temryuk district

Approved:

director of MBOU secondary school No. 24

N.N. Kravtsevich

Head: Sereda E.Yu., primary school teacher

Objective :

Investigate the quality of drinking water.

Research objectives:

1. Study the places in the house where you need to use water.

2.Find out where and how water enters the house.

3. Find out how much water is needed for a particular purpose.

4. Should the water be prepared before use.

5. Study the operation of water filters.

6.Suggest ways to save water at home.

Water is an ancient universal symbol of purity, fertility and the source of life itself. In nature, there are about 1330 types of water. They differ in origin (spring, rain, soil, snow

by the quantity and nature of the substances dissolved in it. 3/4 of the entire surface of the globe is covered with water in the form of seas, oceans, rivers, lakes.

A person can live only 7-8 days without water.

The origin of life on Earth is due to water.

How does water get into our house?

Water is taken from a river or lake, reservoir.

Then it goes to special water treatment plants, where it is cleaned of dirt, sand, and various microbes with the help of complex filters.

And only after that the water enters our homes through the faucet.

Water use in the home.

In our At home, water is in the kitchen, on the street, in the bathroom and toilet.

The whole family consumes water every day. In the bathroom we wash, take a shower, brush our teeth, use the toilet, do laundry, use water to clean the house. In the kitchen, I wash dishes, prepare food and drinks.

On the street, water is used for watering flowers and gardens, for drinking animals. All these needs require large amounts of water.

Is there clean water in our homes?

Often, the water in the tap has an opaque color, an unpleasant odor, and a sediment during settling. Therefore, water must be further purified before use, as it contains bacteria, harmful substances, microbes that adversely affect our body.

The usual inhabitants of the water are: saprophytes, gray and iron bacteria, mycelial and yeast-like fungi; microscopic algae; protozoan bacteria (zooplankton, phages, actinomycytes, etc.).

To do this, use ultraviolet or water filters.

Purification of water in the house.

There are such methods of water purification: settling - when settling in water, a precipitate is formed from mechanical impurities, while chemical impurities and microbes remain in the water. It is better not to use such water for drinking.

Boiling - with this method, a large number of harmful bacteria and viruses die in water, but useful substances also die. This water can be used for drinking and cooking.

Freezing is the most troublesome and time-consuming cleaning method. At low temperatures, harmful microorganisms and viruses die in the water. Then it takes a long time to defrost. This water is suitable for drinking.

Filtration is the most efficient method of water purification. It makes the water more transparent, without unpleasant tastes. But not all filters purify water equally.

Consider the operation of the Geyser Prestige filter - it conducts water through 6 levels of purification (mechanical filter, 2 activated carbon filters, mineralizer) and through a reverse osmosis membrane, whose size is commensurate with the size of a water molecule.

The filter itself comes with a storage tank of 12 liters, a tap for clean water. As a result, we obtain water purified from hard salts, the quality of water is comparable to the quality of melt water and glaciers, the mineralization of water by natural components.

Experience with water

Let's take three glasses with clean water, and polluted with garbage and soil. Water with garbage looks dirty and does not cause a desire to use it. The tap water has an unpleasant smell. Let's try to clean it with a paper towel and a funnel. We fold the napkin in four and put it in the funnel, let water and debris pass through it. As a result, the water looks clean, the garbage remained on the napkin.

Let's pass water with soil through a napkin - particles of clay, sand remain on the napkin, the water looks cleaner.

Let's skip the tap water through a napkin - the water still smells of chlorine, which means a more thorough cleaning is needed.

So, water for cooking and drinking must be purified.

Water consumption in the house

During the week, we monitored the flow of water.

					morning routine
					washing dishes
					Wet cleaning
					Food and drink
					For animals
In our house, water is consumed moderately, but you can save a little more.

How to save water.

You can use the following methods to save water resources:

First, you need to fix all the leaking plumbing, as up to 2000 liters flow from a leaking faucet. water per year.

When washing dishes by hand, fill the sink or basin with water and detergent. Then rinse in a container of clean water. Savings can be up to 60l. water per day. Wash fruits and vegetables in a container of water with the faucet turned off.

Do not use water to defrost food. Leave them overnight in the refrigerator or use the microwave.

Use a toilet with a special fill level, and in the shower, turn off the water more often when soaping.

Water costs will decrease, and the money saved will definitely come in handy.

Interesting facts about water

The cleanest water in Finland.

Ice is faster to get from hot water.

A person drinks about 35 tons of water during his life.

Despite the fact that our planet is 80% covered with water, only 1% is drinkable.

Most of the fresh water is in glaciers.

Conclusion:

Water is not only the most common, but also the most important liquid in nature. Life exists only where there is water. Without water, humanity, agriculture and industry will not be able to exist and develop.

In the words of Academician V.I. Vernadsky: “There is no such component that could be compared with it in terms of its influence on the course of the main processes, the most grandiose geological processes. And there is no earthly substance - a mineral, a rock, a living body, which would not include it.

Literature:

1.A. Merkulov "The most amazing liquid in the world." Moscow 1978 "Owls. Russia." Kyiv 1982 "Budivelnik".

2. S. K. Kolobanov, E. S. Kolobanova, L. M. Bely “Water in nature and technology”.

Nadezhda Potashova
Family environmental project "Water in the House".

Competition « Family environmental projects»

NOMINATION « WATER IN THE HOUSE» .

Work theme: « WATER IN MY HOUSE»

pupil of the senior group, MBDOU kindergarten No. 43, Armavir

Supervisor project: Potashova Nadezhda Evgenievna, teacher of the senior group No. 8 MBDOU Kindergarten No. 43 in Armavir, Krasnodar Territory.

The place of research is a city apartment, a summer cottage.

Terms of the study: February-March 2016

Armavir, 2016

I. Introduction 3

1) Relevance.

2) Research objectives.

3) Research objectives.

4) Work plan

5) Research methods.

II. Main part. 4

III. Practical part. 5 – 19

IV. Conclusion. 20-21

V. List of used literature 22

I Introduction:

The relevance of research: Water- the largest "food product" in the human diet in terms of consumption.

Water It is a universal substance without which life is impossible. Water- an indispensable part of all living things. Plants contain up to 90% water, and in the body of an adult - about 70%. Man constantly uses water in his daily life.

Objective: To study the need for water for human and plant life.

Research objectives:

1. Study Internet resources and literature on this topic.

2. Explore places in home where is used water.

3. Find out where and how water enters the house.

4. Explore a way to purify water at home.

Work plan:

Explain how important and indispensable water in human life;

How water was extracted and used in the past.

Find out where and how water enters the faucet.

Identify and explore those places in home where is used water.

Conduct experiments on water purification and draw a conclusion.

Research methods:

1. Observation, literature analysis, conversations with adults, experiments.

II. Main part

Without water, the existence of all living organisms is unthinkable; Since ancient times, it has been considered the primary source of life along with fire, air and earth. Everything created by nature contains water. Water- the most common, most unique and amazing substance in nature. Among all the substances present on earth, water due to its special physical, chemical and quantum-mechanical properties, it occupies an exceptional position in nature and plays a special role in the existence of organic life. Water- the only substance found in huge quantities in natural conditions in all three states of aggregation - solid, liquid and gaseous. Covering about 3/4 of the surface of our planet, water is not only the cradle of all living beings, but also constantly supports life for billions of years. On average, the body of animals and plants contains more than 50% water. In the body of a jellyfish, it is up to 96%, in algae 95 - 99%, in spores and seeds from 7 to 15%. At least 20% of water is in the soil, while in the human body water is about 65%.

Modern man is used to living comfortably, using a lot of clean water for domestic purposes, turning it into dirty water, pouring it into rivers, water bodies, which pollutes and harms the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to instill in children a careful attitude to water, as a source of life on Earth.

III. Practical part.

Hello!

My name is Igor Bespalov.

I am a pupil of Kindergarten No. 43 "Cheburashka" senior group №8 "Fidgets"

I live in a beautiful, green and modern city of the Krasnodar Territory - Armavir.

My family is very friendly and united.

Papa Andrey, Mama Vika, older sister Sophia.

One evening, while taking a bath at home, I thought: "Where did it come from? tap water? Why do we water in the house? We use water every day, but it keeps flowing and flowing, does not end, why?” From that moment on, I decided to learn everything about water and explore all the places in home where is used water.

From the encyclopedia "Why", which we read together with dad, I found out that "... rivers, rivers and seas on earth do not flow in vain!"; "... like a stream of water produces a current!"

Oceans, seas, rivers, rivers and lakes… Isn't there too much water in the world? The World Ocean has an important concern - to water the Earth. Everyone drinks water in the light of forests and fields, flowers and trees.

Without it, neither animals, nor birds, nor people can live.

But water not only feeds everyone, but also feeds fish ...

And also water- the widest and most convenient road.

Water works at hydroelectric power plants - produces electricity.

And washes everyone too water. Wash people, cars, take a shower of the city and the road. You can't knead dough for bread without water, you can't prepare concrete for a construction site, you can't make plastic, metal, sweets, or medicines - you can't do anything without water. Here she is water!

Reading a children's atlas with mom "Peace and Man" I learned about the water cycle in nature

From the surface of the oceans, seas and rivers water turns into steam and rises. There it cools and turns into water droplets, from which clouds form. From the clouds water hits the ground and turns into rivers, and the rivers carry it to the ocean.

I asked the elder sisters: “Where did people get their water from in the old days?”

And Sophia told me that people used to go with buckets for water to the river, spring, built wells in the courtyard of their house.

I thought how then water gets into our house? After all, now there are no springs or wells. The Internet and my favorite encyclopedia came to the rescue "Why".

And then I understood everything:

People laid pipes from the bank of the river or the sea and put gratings on them so that nothing superfluous and fish would get caught in the pipe. These pipes are then connected to pumps that pump it to a water treatment plant where water passes slowly through huge tanks and all the garbage has time to settle to the bottom. Then, with the help of complex filters, the water is purified from dirt, sand and various microbes. You turn the tap at home - cold transparent clean flows water. So the plumbing came to the house.

And then I decided to explore the apartment and find all the places where water that we take from nature.

And it turned out that there are a lot of such places.

First, it's the bathroom. From early morning I take water and hygiene procedures. Then I shower and cheerful and cheerful go to the garden.

Secondly, water often used on kitchen:

For the operation of the washing machine when washing clothes, for washing dishes, for preparing household supplies for the winter.

Even in the cooler there is cold and hot spring water. Nice to sit with the whole family for tea. Vodichka gathers our family together for a cup of fragrant tea.

Also water used in our family in cleaning the house, cleaning clothes and shoes, watering potted flowers. With water in home always clean and tidy.

The batteries that heat our apartment also have water, the temperature of which is controlled by a gas boiler.

My pet ferret Sherlock needs water every day. I take care of him and change the cup daily.

When we wash the car with dad, we take water from the faucet in the yard. It pumps the pump directly from the well.

Without water it is impossible to get a good harvest. Only with constant proper watering everything grows quickly, quickly. On weekends, I help Grandma take care of the vegetable garden and greenhouses. I fill the drinking cups for the ducks with water. And here without water anywhere!

Our outdoor recreation, by the river, sea voyages, city walks in the park with fountains always accompanies WATER!

My mother and sister and I decided to conduct several experiments at home in order to get to know the qualities and capabilities of water better.

On the windowsill, we salted the onion. Several bulbs were planted in the ground and carefully watered, and one was placed in a jar of water so that the root of the onion reached the water. During the week, the onion stood on the windowsill and basked in the sun. Every morning I checked the soil for moisture and watered.

And the onion that sprouted in the jar checked that the roots reached the water. And so result: the whole ray sprouted, showed its green feathers. Only the onion that stood in a jar of water sprouted several times more than the one that was planted in the ground. Conclusion: water gives life to plants, with sufficient moisture, plants grow quickly.

But I did not stop there and continued my experiments ...

I decided to conduct an experiment on water purification ... For the experiment, I needed one empty vessel, a vessel with clean water, some earth and sand, a piece of cotton wool and activated charcoal. We poured some sand and soil into a vessel with water and stirred it with a stick. Dirty water is ready! Then, in a clean vessel, we put a funnel in which we put a piece of cotton wool and crushed activated carbon

(this is our filter).

Now let's start cleaning the water. Pour the mixed dirty water from the second vessel into a clean vessel with an inserted funnel with a filter.

We pass dirty water through a funnel with cotton wool ...

And what do I see ... All rubbish (sand and earth) remained on our filter. Water in the vessel became almost clean ...

And another study came to my mind while making myself tea. First, I put a spoonful of sugar in hot water and, stirring it with a spoon, saw that it had melted without a trace. Then I dipped a teapot of black tea into the tea. My tea began to change Colour: changed from clear to dark orange. I realized that water has the property of dissolving solids and changing color when stained.

IV. Conclusion.

After my research, observations and experiences, I have made conclusion:

1. water taken from the ocean - this is a gift of nature to man.

in my encyclopedia "Why" I have read a wonderful poem:

Asked the other day baby - neighbor

At the trickle pouring from crane:

Where are you from? Water is the answer:

From afar, from the ocean!

Then the kid walked in the forest.

The meadow sparkled with dew.

Where are you from? Rosu asked.

Believe me - And I'm from the ocean!

You're a soda, what's your fizz?

And from the bubbling glass came whisper:

Know baby

And I came from the ocean!

A gray mist fell on the field.

The kid asked the fog:

Where are you from? Who are you?

And I, my friend, from the ocean!

Amazing, isn't it?

In soup, in tea, in every drop,

In the sound of ice

And in a tear

And in the rain

And in the dew

We will always respond

Oceanic water!

2. Water is very important in the life of every person, animal and plant. Only where there is water is life! Water must be conserved and used sparingly! Don't pollute waterways!

3. Water makes a long and difficult journey before getting into our crane.

4. After conducting experiments with water, I came to the conclusion that water can be purified at home using improvised means, as well as

but that it is transparent and has the properties of dissolving solids and being colored.

Water our companion throughout life. We are nowhere without her!

References:

1. Alexander Dietrich: Why. Encyclopedia for the Curious

2. Geographic atlas "Peace and Man",1987

3. Daria Ermakovich Great Children's Encyclopedia. Want to know everything. 2010