NASA scientists said that the Kepler telescope has discovered a copy of the Earth (Kepler 452), which has water and must have intelligent life.
NASA: Kepler has discovered a replica of the Earth that has water and probably intelligent life...
NASA astronomers reported, "The Kepler telescope has found a planet very similar to Earth." Experts from the same space agency said that water is present on the discovered planet, and intelligent life is also possible.
The sensational discovery became known to mankind after NASA announced it at a press conference last day. Astronomers have revealed that their Kepler telescope has found in space the first large exoplanet with liquid water similar to Earth, which is at the same distance from its fiery star as the Earth is from the Sun.
The new planet discovered is called "Kepler 452b"!
The discovered planet Kepler 452 and its Sun. NASA said, “We believe that the discovered analogue of the Earth, the exoplanet called the telescope, is a distant sister of the Earth, it differs in age and size. A copy of the Earth is located in the constellation Cygnus at a distance of 1402 light years from us.
Scientists have revealed the information why the new exoplanet is called "Kepler 452", as it turned out she was given it in honor of the telescope that discovered it.
Exoplanet Kepler 452 will be inscribed in textbooks
Experts say that the new planet "Kepler 452" will be listed in astronomy textbooks in the near future.
The authors of the report say that since the analogue of the Earth "Kepler-452" has existed for 6 billion years and is located at the same distance from its star as the Earth is from the Sun in our system of planets, referred to as, then intelligent life must be present on it.
Experts say, “thanks to the sensational discovery, one can imagine what awaits the planet Earth in the future, for example, in one billion years, when ours will be many times hotter.”
Photo of the planet Kepler 452 (Eng. Kepler 452)
Part of the exoplanet Kepler 452 and part of the Earth. Characteristics of the new exoplanet Kepler 452
According to the collected data on the planet "Kepler 452", one year lasts not 365 days as on Earth, but 384.8 Earth days. On the surface of the exoplanet, there are fewer plains, it is more rocky.
The exoplanet "Kepler 452" is already 6 billion years old, it is older than the Earth by 1.5 billion years. Its (English Kepler 452) size is 60 percent larger than our planet. It is located at a distance of 1402 light years from Earth.
An analogue of the Sun, around which Kepler 452 moves, is only 10 percent larger than our celestial body and is also older by 1.5 billion years.
Video about the discovered planet Kepler 452 (Eng. Kepler 452)
Discovered exoplanet Kepler 452b (New Earth)!
Small planets that could be habitable!
The American Kepler telescope has discovered the exoplanet Kepler 452 in space. Artist's view of Kepler 186f.
Named after the Kepler space probe that discovered it, Kepler 186f is 14,000 kilometers in diameter (10 percent larger than Earth). Its orbit lies in the "Goldilocks zone" of the star Kepler 186 - where it is not too cold and not too hot, the temperature conditions of the planet allow the existence of liquid water on its surface. This means that the chances of encountering life there are high.
Last year, there was already information about two planets discovered by Kepler in the habitable zone, but then it was about super-Earths, the mass of which is several times the mass of the Earth. The gravity on these planets is so strong that they are more like Neptune than Earth. Kepler 186f is much smaller and appears to be rock-covered, giving even more reason to call it a second Earth.
Kepler 186f is the first Earth-sized planet found in the habitable zone, said Elisa Quintana, who works at the NASA Research Center in California and the SETI project. “It's the right size and the right distance from the star to look like our planet.
The researchers suggest that Kepler 186f is made up of the same materials as the Earth - iron, rocks, ice and liquid water, although the proportions may differ. The force of gravity on the planet is close to that of the earth. "It's much easier for you to imagine that someone could arrive there and walk on the surface," says Stephen Cain of the University of San Francisco, who also took part in the study.
However, Kepler 186f is not literally a copy of the Earth. The local sun - a red dwarf - is colder than ours, and the year lasts 130 days. The planet is located on the very edge of the "Goldilocks zone", so most of its surface is probably covered with a layer of permafrost.
It's probably Earth's cousin, not a twin sister, says Dr. Barclay.
On the other hand, having a large mass, Kepler 186f probably also has a denser atmosphere, which compensates for the lack of heat. Red dwarfs emit most of their light in the infrared, which works better on ice, melting it more efficiently.
This allows the planet to more efficiently absorb the star's energy and keep it from freezing, said Victoria Meadows, an astrobiologist and astronomer at the University of Washington. - That is why, thanks to the dense atmosphere, the planet is considered potentially habitable, although it receives less light than Mars from the Sun. Interestingly, if the planet turns out to be habitable, photosynthesis will be impossible there.
Kepler 186f receives six times less visible light than Earth, but "there are plenty of terrestrial plants that could do that," Dr. Meadows said.
Astronomers can't tell the exact age of the planet, but red dwarfs are the longest-lived stars in the universe. Life has had a very long time - billions of years - to emerge in this system. However, discussions about the new planet will remain just reflections for a long time - it is too far (500 light-years from Earth) to be able to look at its surface. Astronomers hope that over time similar planets will be found closer.
The Kepler mission ended last year with the failure of the main equipment, but the analysis of the data it received has already revealed 962 new planets. More than 2800 star systems surveyed by the probe remain for further research.
First, the Earth was displaced from the center of the universe, proving that it revolves around the Sun, and not vice versa. Then it turned out that the solar system itself is just a formation on the periphery of its galaxy.
Now the uniqueness of the Earth as such has been called into question. More recently, a number of scientists believed that perhaps our planet is an exceptional case and the conditions that arose here and are suitable for the origin of life are not repeated anywhere else.
However, American space researchers believe that life is possible on almost every one of them.
Such conclusions of experts are contained in the material published in the scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States.
This work was based on an analysis of the results of the activities of the Kepler space telescope.
The Kepler telescope was named after the German scientist Johannes Kepler, the discoverer of the laws of motion of the planets in the solar system. Launched in 2009, the apparatus was assigned the mission of searching for the so-called exoplanets, that is, planets that do not revolve around the Sun, but around other stars. Moreover, the Kepler mission included the task of detecting exoplanets similar in parameters to the Earth.
Hunting for exoplanets
The first exoplanets were discovered at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. The search for such objects is extremely difficult due to their extreme remoteness from the Earth, their small size and dimness - after all, the planets themselves do not shine, but only reflect the light of the star.
The Kepler telescope was engaged in the detection of exoplanets using the so-called "transit method", that is, by measuring the fluctuations in the brightness of stars as the planet passes through its disk.
Kepler, which worked in orbit for four years, during this time discovered over 3,500 planets on which life could theoretically exist. There are 647 of them similar in size and mass to the Earth, and about 104 of them are located at such a distance from the star that makes the possibility of the existence of water a real possibility.
In the work of "Kepler" failures were discovered in the middle of 2012, and in the late spring of 2013 it finally failed. Currently, engineers are working on plans for a possible modification of the Kepler, but when they will be implemented and whether they will be implemented at all remains unknown.
Nevertheless, the data that Kepler collected during its work will be analyzed for several more years.
Was Giordano Bruno right?
Based on the data already studied, American scientists came to the conclusion that in the Universe there are a huge number of planets suitable for the origin of life and similar to the Earth.
Based on known information, astronomers believe that planets similar to the Earth exist in 22 percent of all stars. That is, its own "Earth" can rotate at every fifth star.
In the Milky Way galaxy alone, there may be 8.8 billion planets similar to Earth in size, mass, and surface temperature. This means that they may contain some forms of life.
As for the Universe as a whole, then, as the famous cat Matroskin used to say, “we have heaps of this shoe polish” - we are talking about tens and hundreds of billions of “copies” of the Earth.
Of course, under these conditions, the probability of the existence of brothers in mind among earthlings turns out to be extremely high.
By the way, American astronomers, by their conclusions, actually confirm the idea of “multiple worlds”, for which Giordano Bruno went to the stake more than four hundred years ago. By the way, in the year of the 400th anniversary of the execution of Bruno, the Catholic Church refused to consider the issue of rehabilitating the scientist.
Reach out to neighbors
The nearest "copy" of the Earth from the "original" Earth is located relatively close - about 15 light years. True, with the current level of technology, it will take earthlings millions of years to reach their neighbors.
However, supporters of the uniqueness of the Earth revolving around the Sun do not give up - now they rely on the original geometry of our system, where the planets have almost regular circular orbits. They also point to the influence exerted on the development of the Earth by the Moon, without which "everything could have been different."
The theoretical calculations of American astronomers, of course, look more weighty. It is quite possible that among the billions of "copies" of the Earth there are many that have their own "copies" of the Moons.
It’s just that it’s almost impossible to check this yet - for this you need a thing stronger than the Kepler telescope. Perhaps such a technique will appear in the not so distant future, because human curiosity is the great engine of progress.
The next generation of earthlings faces an unimaginable task - to find planets suitable for human life. Today, civilization is on the verge of a technological breakthrough that will answer one of the most ancient questions. Are people alone in the universe, or is there another living earth-like planet somewhere in the vast expanses of space among billions of stars and trillions of planets?
A similar question arose already in antiquity, when intelligent people turned their gaze to the stars. Gathering around the fires of their tribe, they imagined that somewhere out there, in the high distance, other invisible peoples were also kindling many of their fires at night.
In mid-May 2018, scientists confirmed the existence of the mysterious mythological planet Nibiru in space. A scientist at the University of Michigan (USA) Gerdes David wrote in an article in one of the scientific journals about the sensation of the paradoxical orbit of the little-studied astronomical body 2015BP519 under consideration.
This isolated trans-Neptunian object, up to 700 kilometers in diameter, occupies a region of the outer solar system. The angle of its rotation around the Sun is 54 degrees relative to the plane of the orbits of the other planets in the solar system. Scientists sent to the Inter-American observatory in Chile's Cerro Tololo, while studying dark matter, completely by accident in the fall of 2014, using theoretical calculations, discovered the existence of the alleged planet under the astronomical number 2015BP519, when processing space data received from a probe moving in the direction of Neptune.
Even earlier, relying on their astronomical calculations, the existence of an unknown object in the solar system with powerful gravity and a mass ten times the mass of the Earth was predicted by scientists from the California Institute of Technology Konstantin Batygin and Michael Brown. When they analyzed the trajectories of the movement of cosmic bodies in the Kuiper belt, they noticed one oddity in their behavior - for some reason, asteroids and huge pieces of ice in space suddenly changed their orbits, approaching a certain part of it, as if attracted there by a powerful force. It was these scientists who first gave the name to the invisible mysterious planet Nibiru, as if coming from ancient legends.
The data obtained by methods of modern thorough computer analysis of the trajectories of the object 2015BP519 discovered by astronomers, comparing the calculations of the trajectory of the body 2015 BP519 with observations, led scientists to an unequivocal conclusion. It turned out that 2015 BP519 is affected by a huge invisible body, with a mass exceeding 10 times the Earth.
This can be scientifically easily explained only if dynamic interactions with the Ninth planet of the solar system are taken into account. So you can confirm the existence of the unknown "Planet X". A computer model was obtained with the given orbits of 2015 BP519 and the approximate location of the discovered invisible "Planet X". Moreover, scientific calculations show that many of its parametric data coincide with terrestrial properties, and could well be suitable for human habitation at the time when the hour of the death of the Sun's star comes, and it begins to rapidly increase in size, capturing the nearest orbits of the planets of the solar system including the earth.
To date, this is not the only discovery. At a southern observatory in Europe, a worldwide team of astronomers have discovered two exoplanets from the constellation Leo orbiting the star K2-18. They are 111 light years away from our planet. Their location is included in the habitat of the parent huge star, which means that the surface is covered with liquid water necessary for the life of organisms.
There is a scientific opinion that the planet can be characterized as an enlarged terrestrial copy. Thanks to the HARPS instrumentation, which is part of the Chilean observatory in La Silla, the researchers found that K2-18b belongs to either rocky planets or ice blocks completely covered with frozen water. In size, it is almost 2.5 times larger than the Earth, and 8 times more massive than our planet.
More recently, scientists have discovered another "twin" of the Earth. Although the exoplanet discovered by astronomers from another system is slightly larger, and the temperature regime on it is much colder, this celestial body copies the properties of our rocky planet more than any other.
She was given the name Kepler 186f in honor of the Kepler space probe that found her. The diameter of the planet is 14 thousand kilometers. Its orbit passes along the very edge inside the Goldilocks region, that is, it falls into a possible zone of life. Astronomers have calculated that the surface of the newly appeared "sister" may contain liquid water.
Unlike previously discovered exoplanets, for the first time a planet has been discovered that contains the same materials as on Earth - iron, ice, liquid water and rocks. The researchers suggest that the force of gravity on the planet is very close to that of the earth. However, the role of the sun in Kepler 186f is a red dwarf, which is much colder and smaller than our star, so the length of the year for the exoplanet is only 130 days. In this regard, it is possible that a significant part of its surface is covered by a layer of permafrost.
Our galactic neighbor Alpha Centauri, which is located at a small distance from the Earth compared to the size of the Cosmos - about 4 light years, has a terrestrial-type planet, at first glance suitable for life. In this Galaxy not far from us, there are two parent stars with a higher metallicity than our Sun. These luminaries have allocated a huge amount of heavy elements for the formation of their planets.
Maybe there are no suitable candidates for the role of the Earth in our space system, and people are random unique creatures in the entire Milky Way. But perhaps humanity will still find its new home before the complete disappearance of our Blue Planet.
