The lesson was prepared by a primary school teacher: Naydenova N.L.
Labor lesson: 3 "B" class
Subject : "Pincushion"
Lesson objectives:
Educational goals:
- Formation of knowledge and skills in students regarding the processing of needle cushions.
2. Help memorize basic terminology.
3. Formation of ideas about creative work.
4. Promote understanding of the quality of the finished product.
Corrective and developmental goals:
1. Correction and development of coherent oral speech of students (enrichment and complication of vocabulary).
2. Correction and development of mental activity (establishment of logical and cause-and-effect relationships, planning function of thinking).
3. Correction and development of fine motor skills of the hands (formation of manual skill, development of rhythm, smoothness of movements, proportionality of movements).
4. Correction and development of the sensory sphere of students (development of the eye, orientation in space, accuracy and subtlety of distinguishing colors and shapes).
5. Correction and development of students’ personal qualities, emotional-volitional sphere (self-control skills, perseverance and endurance).
Educational goals:
1. Cultivate interest in learning and the subject.
2. Cultivate interest in folk art.
3. Cultivate moral qualities (careful attitude towards school property, hard work, mutual assistance).
Methodological equipment of the lesson:
1. Material and technical base:
Tools : needle, scissors; thimble
Materials : pad detailand for needles, threads, braid, padding polyester
Didactic support:
Instruction cards;
Sample pincushion;
Teaching methods:
Verbal (conversation, explanations);
Visual (showing objects of labor, work methods,
Practical (independent practical work of students).
Forms of organization of students’ cognitive activity: frontal.
Vocabulary work:pincushion, pincushion, braid, padding polyester, forward stitch.
Lesson type: combined
Interdisciplinary connections:mathematics, Russian language
During the classes
p/p no. | Stages | During the classes | Note |
Organizing time Updating students' knowledge. Subject message. Setting a goal. Consolidating student knowledge Final teacher briefing Physical education minute Practical work Analysis of students’ independent work performance Cleaning workplaces. Teacher summing up the lesson | Hello guys! Today we have a difficult lesson. Guests came to our lesson. Let's turn to them and greet them, to Checking students' readiness for the lesson; Getting students in the mood for work. In the last lesson, we already started talking and making a needle case. Pincushions can vary in shape and type of finish. Teacher Questions: What are the items presented for? - (for storing needles and pins) What are these items called? - (needle beds) (Open the word “pincushion” on the board) As you can see, pincushions come in different shapes and sizes. Which pincushion do you think is the most convenient for working in the classroom? - (pad) The topic of our lesson "NEEDLE COUCH" Before we begin the final work of making the pad, we will determine a work plan In the last lesson we started making a pillow. It's half ready already. What shape will our pincushion be? - (square). We will stuff the pillow with cotton wool or synthetic padding. (Open words on the board"cotton wool", "sintepon") When sewing products, sewing threads are used. Tools and accessories What tools and devices will we choose for the job? Listen to the riddle: On one finger (thimble) What is a thimble for? Next riddle. We can do a lot: Cut, cut and cut. Don't play with us, children: We can punish you painfully! (scissors) Before you start working with scissors, you need to remember « Rules for safe work" 3. Pass closed and rings forward; 4.Work at your workplace; Guess what it is?: Steel maiden Needle – a pointed rod for sewing with an eyelet at the end. Before you work, you need to remember the safety rules. 1. Store pins and needles in a certain place (cushion, special box, etc.), do not leave them at the workplace. The pillow will be decorated - braid - On your table there is a card with the stage of making the pillow. By following the technological sequence, you will get a beautiful product, a pin cushion. 1.Fill the pad with synthetic padding. 2.Sew up the hole. 3. Decorate the pillow with braid. So, we will need... It is necessary to remember the safety rules when working with them and the sequence of manufacturing the product. Let's start working The attendant conducts a physical education session, demonstrating exercises. All the guys turned around All the guys reached out And then they sat down And they sat down quietly at the desk. (To students, cat Those who have already completed the work, I give the task to continue the proverbs that talk about the importance of work.)
Teacher's message about achieving lesson goals; Assessing the results of students’ work in the classroom; Making marks in the class journal and student diaries. | Demonstration of different types of needle beds. pincushion topic on the board "Pincushion" The words are displayed: Sintepon, cotton wool sewing threads thimble scissors "Safe work rules" on the board Word on the board needle On the desk Safety precautions when working with a needle On the desk Braid Technological map (lying on the desk) Supplies on the board |
Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions 3.. Sew up the hole. | Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions 1. Decorate the pillow with braid. 2. Fill the pad with padding polyester. 3.. Sew up the hole. |
Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions 1. Decorate the pillow with braid. 2. Fill the pad with padding polyester. 3.. Sew up the hole. | Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions 1. Decorate the pillow with braid. 2. Fill the pad with padding polyester. 3.. Sew up the hole. |
Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions 1. Decorate the pillow with braid. 2. Fill the pad with padding polyester. 3.. Sew up the hole. | Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions 1. Decorate the pillow with braid. 2. Fill the pad with padding polyester. 3.. Sew up the hole. |
Technological map for manufacturing needle cushions
1. Decorate the pillow with braid.
2. Fill the pad with padding polyester.
3. Sew up the hole.
Safety precautions when working with a needle
1. Store pins and needles in a certain place (cushion, special box, etc.), do not leave them at the workplace.
2.Do not use rusty needles and pins when working, as they break easily.
3. Do not put needles or pins in your mouth under any circumstances.
4.During work, do not stick needles into clothing or random objects.
5.Sew with needles only with a thimble to avoid pricking your finger.
6.Do not bite off the threads with your teeth, but cut them off with scissors.
Safety precautions when working with scissors:
1. When cutting with scissors, you should point them with the ends away from you;
2.Do not hold the scissors with the ends up;
3. Serve closed and in ringsforward; 4.Work at your workplace;
5.Do not leave it open.
Preview:
Scenario for the performance of the “Green Light” team
Children take the stage to the tune of “It’s Fun to Walk Together”
1st student: Hello!
2 lessons .: Welcome to the 3rd "B" class team
In chorus: "Green Light"
3 lessons - Our motto:
In chorus:
"Our green light"
Friend, faithful assistant,
Make the path safe
He will definitely be able to!”
1 lesson A traffic light is the most important road sign. He was born in London in 1868. Translated from Greek, the word traffic light means “carrying light.”
2 lessons To help you
The path is dangerous
We burn both day and night -
Green, yellow, red.
3 lessons . Our house is a traffic light,
We are three siblings
We've been shining for a long time
On the road to all the guys.
2 lessons You are crossing the street-
Stop for a moment.
Stay quiet and calm
Wait for my signals.
1 lesson
Brake quickly, driver!
The red eye is burning point blank.
He puts on a menacing appearance,
2 lessons
Yellow flashed after him -
Let's wait, let's wait.
Yellow warning light
Wait for signals to move!
3 lessons
And behind it is a green eye
Flashed ahead.
He will say: there are no obstacles,
Feel free to hit the road!
4 lessons
Let other people wait
Until they give the green light.
I won't wait in vain -
I'll run through the red!
There is a squeal of brakes. A pedestrian falls, gets up, and grabs his head.
1 lesson
He ran a red light
And I got into an accident.
It's good that he remained alive.
4 lessons - Only teeth were missing.
2 lessons
A pedestrian needs to know
Where to go and where to walk,
And the driver must drive
So don't bother people.
4 lessons
And who will tell them on the way,
Where to go, where to go?
Where is the dangerous road
Is it safe to cross?
3 lessons
On the road what and how
The road sign will explain.
You definitely need to know them
To avoid getting into trouble.
1 lesson
You will see a blue sign - a square,
You will be very happy with the sign.
A man walks along a zebra crossing
Without fear, without barriers,
People know this sign -
CHORUS: " Crosswalk".
2 lessons
But if the sign is different -
White with red border,
It means something is forbidden
Don't rush to go, wait!
Man, bike
There is no way for them to come here,
If the red line
The silhouette is crossed out.
3 lessons
Where is the school, kindergarten
Triangles hang
And kids are running inside.
Signs for adults say:
“The children are close to the road here!
Cars slow down here!”
The sign is called "Children!"
But it's not for guys.
1 lesson
Today we are pedestrians
Tomorrow we are drivers
Let's be careful kids
CHORUS: Let's be super vigilant!
4 lessons
I understand now, guys.
I will teach the rules.
I'll be on my way now
Transition correctly!
Children sing a song to the melody of “Chunga-Changa”
So that there is no trouble in life,
We must follow the rules.
So that we can live peacefully, without worries,
You need to memorize them by heart.
Children need, without a doubt,
Remember the traffic rules
Remember the traffic rules
Without a doubt.
On the road, on the road
There is a very strict order
There is a very strict order
On road.
2 lessons
We showed the program
But we don’t want to say goodbye.
Everyone who listened to us today
We thank you from the bottom of our hearts.
3 lessons
There are a lot of traffic rules in the world.
It wouldn't hurt us to learn them.
1 lesson
But the main rules of movement are
In chorus: Know how to do multiplication tables!
4 lessons
- Be able to tell yourself “Stop” in time(in unison) and your health and life will be safe!
Preview:
Preview:
I have three questions for community members. For those who want to leave their answers, I ask you to first look at the comments that are posted at the end of this post.
1. Please remember your time at school and tell me how much the labor lessons that you attended in those days were useful to you in your life (both professional and everyday). At the same time, it would be interesting to understand, if we talk about basic everyday things (cooking, sewing for girls, sawing, planing, etc. for boys), to whom do you consider yourself to be more indebted for the skills that you acquired by the time you grew up? : for school lessons or for parents?
2. Can you say how useful (from your point of view) labor lessons are for your children in a modern school? Do your children acquire any skills at school that make their PRESENT life in your family easier?
3. If you consider it reasonable to take such an approach to conducting labor lessons, in which children acquire REAL SKILLS that will be useful to them after they begin an independent life in their new young family (however, before, too, while they are still living " under your wing"), please share your knowledge about those schools where this experience, in your opinion, is actually put into practice.
And now - a few of my own comments.
I want to explain where the legs “grow” from. The fact is that I work for a publishing company that produces products aimed at school administrators. And working with me are people who were (or still are) directors or head teachers of schools. Yesterday, quite by chance, we had a conversation on this topic, and I, as a young father and as an active participant in all kinds of actions that fall to the share of parent committees, asked my colleagues a question about the extent to which the education of children is carried out in the schools in which they work. work is close to real practice. We had a rather interesting and meaningful conversation. For my part, I was primarily interested in whether boys are taught to work with a drill, saw, plan, sharpen, lay tiles, glue wallpaper, etc. In addition, I was interested in the question of whether labor lessons in their schools were somehow connected with the solution of some economic problems that arise in the school and require some kind of repair action. That is, for example, if a certain classroom needs renovation, is this situation used to demonstrate to children in practice the technologies that are used in the renovation of premises, perhaps while giving them PRACTICAL LESSONS. After all, this kills two birds with one stone: the children learn something, and the school saves money on repairs by solving some of the problems using its internal reserves. Or suddenly, in some toilet, the boys gouged a sink or toilet (this, for example, happened at the school where my girls study), and then at a labor lesson you can demonstrate to some class how to install a new sink, how to connect plumbing, etc. .P. This develops responsibility and a more careful attitude towards what is available at school. And in general, the school then gradually turns into a second home..
The main disadvantages of this approach, which my colleagues immediately told me about, are two things (actually interrelated). The first is the attitude of parents towards such events. Negative attitude. Because many parents will think that their children are simply being used. And in this case, I understand that all kinds of carrying heavy objects, cleaning rooms and other similar work can really strain many parents, especially when their child is plowing, and his desk neighbor does not want to do this. But I hope you understand that this is a different situation. The second problem is that now the school administration must be extremely careful in these types of situations. In the case of such a non-standard event, such as, for example, the participation of children of a certain class, say, in painting walls, they are obliged to conduct a bunch of instructions, obtain parental consent in writing and take a lot of other paperwork steps. And it's so complicated that hiring a painter is much cheaper.
Our conversation yesterday stuck in my head so much that this post was formed as a result. And now, to be honest, I would like, having received some critical mass of your comments, to formulate some parallel questions for the LiveJournal community director_shkoly
where current education administrators sometimes “graze” to find out what difficulties are involved in overcoming such a “tilt” in labor teaching.
By the way, I know for sure that in less formalized schools, in rural areas, everything I wrote about is often natural and familiar. And moreover, sometimes such a joint school-home economics turns out to be a condition for the survival of the school with the level of funding that it has. And the relationships there between students and teachers are more sincere...
Thanks in advance to everyone who responds!
TASS, November 15. The introduction of a new technology lesson concept, which was proposed by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives (ASI) and the Union of Young Professionals (WorldSkills Russia), will require equipping schools with new equipment and retraining teachers, according to experts interviewed by TASS.
The project was presented in early November on the sidelines of the WorldSkills Hi-Tech championship in Yekaterinburg. It involves the modernization of teaching methods of the subject and the mastery of modern concepts by students. Experts note that changing approaches will improve early career guidance due to the emergence of new directions, but it is necessary to take a balanced approach to innovation, taking into account not only high technology, but also traditional household skills, as well as the national traditions of a number of regions.
Experiment in Moscow: lessons in technology parks
According to the concept, the new technology lesson will be aimed at implementing projects in scientific and technical creativity, ASI General Director Svetlana Chupsheva told TASS. “The technology lesson that we offer is exactly the skills that will be useful to a child in his professional or everyday life. It (the initiative - TASS note) has already been supported, methodological recommendations have been prepared and approved by the Ministry of Education, which will be broadcast in schools, so that technology lessons are as effective as possible in terms of developing such skills in children,” she noted.
According to her, this year in Moscow technology lessons were already held according to the new program. “It is important that they took place not inside educational institutions, but in a technology park. The children were very interested in implementing projects in five key areas over the course of three months: industrial design, the smart home environment, robotics, and drones. We hope that technology lessons will be gradually introduced in all schools,” Chupsheva said.
Director of the Center for Physics and Mathematics Education of the Russian Textbook Corporation, Elena Tikhonova, told TASS that the corporation is ready to develop a new line of educational and methodological kits, taking into account current changes and the concept of technological education.
"A modern technology textbook can be built on a modular principle. This will ensure the acquisition of basic technological knowledge and, depending on the request of the region, the capabilities of the educational organization, and the preference of students to choose an additional module, for example, agrotechnological, robotics, service technologies. New textbooks must include a larger number of different tasks of a developmental nature, to introduce them to the development and implementation of various projects, it is necessary to acquaint students with constantly updated types of technologies,” Tikhonova clarified.
Not everyone is ready Several experts immediately noted that in order to implement the new teaching concept, schools will need to be additionally equipped with modern equipment. According to the head of the department of additional education of the School of Pedagogy of the Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Galina Pavlenko, classes should be structured as the development of modern technologies, and one of the promising methods of conducting them will be game or simulation.
“The vast majority of schools in the Primorsky Territory are not ready to implement the new concept: they do not have the appropriate material base and a sufficient number of teachers ready to work in the conditions of the new concept. Training of labor teachers in universities in the Far East is not carried out at all. With a change in the approach to teaching it is necessary to ensure training for the implementation of the new concept, on the basis of pedagogical universities. At the same time, universities need additional material and technical conditions for training technology teachers," she noted.
The head of the department of vocational education and science of the education and science department of the Lipetsk region, Natalya Yushkova, shares the same opinion. “Of course, schools do not have such equipment, because it is not provided for by authority, for example, high-level welding machines. But secondary vocational technical educational institutions can show their bases and offer to try working on their equipment,” the agency’s interlocutor added.
According to Igor Vlasov, associate professor of the department of vocational education at the Kursk Institute of Education, the introduction of a new concept of teaching technology lessons in Kursk schools will cause certain difficulties, primarily due to a lack of personnel and facilities.
Regional experience
Some Russian regions are already independently organizing training in high-tech competencies as part of technology lessons. As Tatyana Vasilyeva, First Deputy Minister of Education of Karelia, told TASS, the republic has experience in interaction between schools, colleges and enterprises to enable schoolchildren to master various skills and help them decide on a future profession.
“For example, students of school No. 39 in Petrozavodsk, as part of extracurricular activities, received theoretical knowledge at school, then at a college or technical school they practiced practical skills in the modules “Cooking”, “Driver of road and construction machines”, “Welders” and others. After that, the guys visited enterprises where these skills can be applied, and got acquainted with potential places of work,” she said.
New approaches to conducting lessons have been used for several years at gymnasium No. 19 in Kurgan. “For example, in the eighth grade, boys learn the basics of robotics as part of a technology lesson. With the help of parents and sponsors, we purchased equipment for these lessons. The course is taught by a young teacher who is proficient in modern technology. We are currently thinking about purchasing a 3D printer,” Elena Smirnova, director of the educational institution, told TASS.
And in the Bryansk region they are already preparing teachers who are ready to teach modern technologies. “All the technology teachers we train to work at school are able to give students knowledge of how to model a 3D product on a computer and make it on a 3D printer. They can also give children knowledge in the field of robotics, but so far such enclaves of progressive teaching of advanced disciplines are concentrated not in schools, but in children’s technical centers,” the agency’s interlocutor noted.
A balanced approach
In general, experts agreed that the concept of teaching technology in modern schools needs to be improved. However, the issue of pairing boys and girls in technology lessons, given the emphasis on high technology, has caused mixed reactions.
Deputy Director for Research at the FEFU School of Pedagogy, Grigory Kapranov, believes that schoolchildren need to be prepared for life in a high-tech world, without forgetting the skills that are necessary in everyday life, for example, in the home. “A straightforward change in the labor training system to ignore the gender principle... is more likely to do harm than be useful,” he told TASS.
Assistant to the Minister of Education of Chechnya Abdurakhman Kaimov also believes that joint education of boys and girls in technology lessons is not applicable for all regions. “From the point of view of the national mentality, there are aspects in the republic that differ from other regions. This is my personal opinion, but joint education in technology in the Chechen Republic is not mandatory. There are things that a man or a woman is supposed to do, and these activities should not overlap, although the development of society presupposes the presence of common skills in some matters,” he said.
His position is shared by the head of the Committee on Education, Culture and Relations with Religious Organizations of the People's Assembly of Ingushetia, Maryam Amrieva. “I understand that there is a trend in global development and the lines between women and men are blurring. However, a girl must be raised as a teacher of children and a keeper of the hearth, and boys must be raised in the spirit of a defender of the hearth, country and people,” the agency’s interlocutor said.
At the same time, Kabardino-Balkaria is gradually moving to new standards for teaching labor lessons. “Our schools have already moved away from traditional labor lessons, where boys study separately from girls. We have robotics in many schools; not only boys, but also girls study there. As for teachers for such classes, in some schools they are specially retrained, in some they recruit new ones,” the regional Ministry of Education, Science and Youth Affairs told TASS.
In Dagestan, technology lessons are held in different formats. “The new standards for teaching technology lessons do not provide for division [by gender] as such. Now in Dagestan, technology is taught in different ways, since educational institutions themselves have the right to decide; in most schools there are combined lessons, in others separate ones,” Larisa Abramova, head of the department of general and vocational education of the Ministry of Education and Science of Dagestan, told TASS.
Today, the system of labor education in schools is undergoing changes. Their driver is the new norms of federal state educational standards (FSES), which, in particular, provide for a reduction in hours for technology lessons. A more detailed study of this subject will go into the so-called electives, that is, compulsory courses of students' choice, and more attention will be paid to extracurricular activities. And here the children themselves must decide what will become a priority for them - technology in courses and clubs or some other science for in-depth study.
Recently, parents have repeatedly noted that technology lessons in schools are outdated. Life moves forward, but labor education is marking time; in most schools, equipment is not updated, and more modern technologies are not being introduced.
"Cheryomukha" decided to find out if this is really so? What has changed in labor technology lessons lately besides the name, how have they been affected by the standards within which the school lives?
WHAT DO PARENTS WANT?
So that children leave school literally as universalists.
Nikolai Solovyov, father of 12-year-old Anton and 14-year-old Natasha:“The girls would be able to cook not trivial dishes like sandwiches and salads, but more complex ones, they would master cutting and sewing, the basics of housekeeping, and they would be psychologically ready to start a family. Boys would know wood and metalworking and become tech savvy. It would be good if children had medical knowledge.”
I agree with one thing - the foundations of medical knowledge should be laid in a person from adolescence. But this should be done by specialists. But why shouldn’t parents instill the knowledge listed above in their children? But the realities of our time are such that almost half of the children in each class are from single-parent families. As a rule, dads are absent. Mothers and grandmothers can also show and explain to girls the basics of housekeeping. What about the boys? The burden falls on technology teachers. And in two-parent families, parents, preoccupied with making money, practically do not see their children.
TEACHERS' POINT OF VIEW
Technology teachers believe that today there is a stereotype regarding technology lessons that needs to be broken. There is an opinion: in class, schoolchildren do nothing but make stools and mops, while girls do cross-stitch. In fact, it's not like that. At least in those schools where I was able to visit during the preparation of this material. Today, children get acquainted with many areas - drawing, electrical engineering, technologies for processing various materials, housekeeping, repair and construction. For example, eighth-graders, as part of a regional vocational training program for schoolchildren, study modern industries and production in the Yaroslavl region, universities and educational institutions in the region.
Technology includes several interrelated subjects: labor training, computer science, mathematics, geometry, drawing, physics. New educational standards provide for the possibility of introducing modern educational blocks into the educational process at the discretion of the teacher.
The problem is precisely who will promote modern trends in city schools? The average age of technology teachers is about 45 – 50 years. In addition, there are not very many young specialists who want to go to work in school. There is a stereotype that people earn little here. But with a good workload, a teacher can receive the average salary in the city. Plus vacation in the summer - 56 days, three vacations during the school year. There are also social guarantees. There is a regional mortgage lending program for the purchase of housing for young professionals.
Teachers are confident that it is necessary to revive the prestige of the school teaching profession and, as soon as possible, talk about its advantages and promote it among teenagers and parents. Maybe we shouldn’t wait for young specialists from pedagogical universities? Rybinsk has its own technical university. Why not introduce pedagogy into the undergraduate curriculum as an elective course? And after graduation, attract them to work in schools.
The fact that in the modern world the lessons of technology are changing was also told by Galina Chepurina, technology teacher at secondary school No. 12 named after P. F. Derunov:“We work according to Irina Sasova’s program, which is based on the project method. And the children carry out their work from idea to implementation. If earlier, during labor lessons, girls sewed napkins, and they all turned out almost identical, but now everything is different. We recently carried out a project on a theatrical puppet - and each child got their own, who wanted which one and chose for themselves.”
Galina Alekseevna showed several project dolls - Smeshariki, others were made from ordinary spoons, the third looked like a tablet doll for a real puppet theater.
Galina Chepurina:“Having completed the project, the children present the results of their work - some simply explain the manufacturing technology, while others prepare a whole performance. Isn't that interesting?"
Only the technology for making things remains the same - take measurements, master the seams. But creativity plays the main role.
Liliya Gladkova, technology teacher at secondary school No. 26:“I liked the new standards better because they provide an opportunity to develop children’s imagination through project activities. And children take on projects with great interest. Our goal as teachers is to introduce girls to new trends in applied art and broaden their horizons. We are now studying the interior of the house, even the formation of a family budget. And we do everything we can - crocheting, knitting, sewing various products, making paintings in the batik style. With the advent of the Internet, children now have more opportunities - they saw something there, and in lessons we do it. We even cook cabbage soup virtually. It’s just a pity that they are reducing the time for technology lessons.”
Photo from the personal archive of Stanislav Matchin What about the boys?
There are all kinds of crafts in the workshop of technology teacher of secondary school No. 12 Stanislav Matchin, who this year became the winner of the Rybinsk stage of the “Teacher of the Year” competition. Flower stands, tablets and cell phones, notebooks made from outdated computer materials - floppy disks, praying mantises made from incandescent light bulbs, kits for caring for indoor flowers, clocks made from old records, airplane models, wooden devils for Halloween. The boys learn the basics of wood and metalworking, various technologies and tricks that will undoubtedly be useful to them in later life.
It’s easier to master the basics of cooking and learn cutting and sewing with girls. At what plan? The materials are not that expensive. I don’t argue that sewing machines, electric stoves, and dishes also cost money, but it is much cheaper than purchasing metal, wood and the corresponding machines, tools and devices for boys’ technology lessons.
Sergey Zanin, technology teacher for boys at secondary school No. 26:“Technology lessons in schools are an expensive pleasure. They “eat up” about 40% of the funds from the total supply. Today the cost of a school screw-cutting lathe is approximately 240 thousand rubles, plus its installation and connection will cost 50 thousand. And also the cost of tools and equipment. Therefore, the hours spent working with metal have been reduced. “I began to devote more time to arts and crafts.”
Sergei Nikolaevich showed samples of wood and metal products that they made and are making with the boys during technology lessons. Modern children's products are simpler than those of children in the 80s and 90s. The reason is problems with logistics. Equipment and tools are worn out, and, as always, there is not enough money to purchase new ones. At one time, enterprises provided assistance to schools with tools and machines.
To make labor lessons more high-tech today, you need a base, equipment, materials, specialists, in the end. Today, unfortunately, there is no continuity among teaching staff. After all, a teacher, before giving a child knowledge, must himself be able to work on machines and with his hands. There is currently a shortage of technology teachers for boys. In some schools, this subject is taught by women. What can they teach boys? Yes, they will provide theoretical knowledge from the textbook, but the most important thing is practice, for which 75% of the study time is given according to the program.
Photo from the personal archive of Stanislav Matchin Sergey Zanin:“I believe that we should teach a child to work with his hands and teach him the basics of working with various tools and machines. And then he himself will decide in which direction to improve. If we go a little deeper into history. You know that Bismarck was the first to introduce labor training in German schools. And the emphasis was placed on manual labor. After which Germany began to develop rapidly as an industrial country. And it is still developing. France, England, and the USA followed her example. At the beginning of the 20th century, our country was one of the leaders in manual labor; about 5 thousand teachers worked at that time.”
After our conversation, I approached the boys who had just mastered electrical engineering in a technology lesson. Judging by the glowing eyes, they like it.
— What else would you like to do during technology lessons? - I ask them. The guys just smiled and ran to recess. Sergei Nikolaevich came to their aid:
“Our goal is to instill a love of work, interest children, and captivate them with creativity. But this requires materials, tools, machines, designers.”
HIGH-TECH VIEW FROM RGAT
If we move away from the standards, what might technology lessons be like in school? “Cheryomukha” addressed this question to one of the teachers of the Rybinsk State Aviation Technical University. He has his own vision, quite original.
Andrey Pechatkin, Head of the Department of Radioelectronic and Telecommunication Systems of the Russian State Aviation Technical University, Candidate of Technical Sciences: “In my opinion, you can go into more interesting areas, for example, robotics, which combines many areas of knowledge. And both girls and boys can do this. At the first stage, the child constructs his own robot. What function it will perform depends only on his imagination. In this case, children turn to such a field of knowledge as mechanics. An object has been created. Now you need to “breathe” life into it so that the robot can carry out the simplest commands - move in different directions, raise your hands, take something. This is where sciences such as programming and computer science come into play. After which it can be made more elegant - using a 3D printer to shape it. In this case, children are already mastering computer-aided design systems. The robot can be made colorful.”
Modern technology, which, by the way, is safe for children, allows this to be done. In addition, the robot can be radio-controlled. And let these toys grow with the children. And you can organize competitions to see whose robot can overcome obstacles faster and get from point A to point B - fantasize ad infinitum. But it is also possible to create more realistic devices for the needs of the school, for example, thermal imagers - devices for monitoring the temperature distribution of the surface under study. With their help, we can determine whether heat leaks occur in the school, examine the body of humans and animals, plants, and answer the question of what happens to a conductor when an electric current passes through it.
What will it take to create robots? Standard kits for their creation, a computer and software, design programs and a 3D printer - everything, by the way, can be purchased today.
What will the reduction in hours for technology lessons in school lead to? Probably this means that children will work less and less with their hands. Everything that surrounds us is created by labor and hands. Labor is the basis of human life. Therefore, technology lessons at school should be productive. Labor is connected with the foundations of all sciences. It cultivates many qualities in a person: discipline, caution, perseverance, eye, perseverance, attentiveness. In the end, it shapes the child into a human being.
- Svetlana Bakunina
If for another ten years not a single school could do without a labor lesson, today many consider this subject to be “morally obsolete.” Is this so, and do modern schoolchildren need such classes?
So, according to their views on the existing education system, parents were divided into two groups. The first group includes those people who believe that labor lessons will not teach their children anything useful, so it is best to devote this study time to another lesson, for example, an English lesson, mathematics, computer science or even economics. But another group of parents are sure that “you can’t pull a fish out of the pond without difficulty,” that is, such lessons are not only useful, but also educational for schoolchildren of all ages. That is, the child learns to work, show his thinking and ingenuity, and also realize himself in yet another area of life. To understand for yourself whether labor lessons are needed at school, it is worth remembering what girls and boys do during them.
As I remember from the school curriculum, girls in such classes sew a skirt and apron, knit booties and socks, cross-stitch and satin stitch, and also learn the basics of cooking. In addition, they prepare a sweet table with their own hands, and then invite classmates to a friendly tea party. In general, this is very interesting, but the main thing is that young ladies not only get a lot of positive feedback from the work done, but also learn new knowledge that will definitely be useful to them in their future life and motherhood.
As for boys, they always find something exciting to do, such as working with wood, making crafts and souvenirs, basic carpentry and minor home repairs. Every boy always remembers how he made an original flower vase from a tin can, a flowerpot from old records, and a real kitchen stool with his own hands.
There are a lot of impressions, but the main thing is that such a future man will at least be able to hammer a nail in his house, and this, as we know, is not so little. Having studied all these school memories, many parents come to the conclusion that labor lessons are still educational for every student, be it a boy or a girl. But, nevertheless, each person must choose for himself what he wants to do in the future - physical and intellectual activities, but it was precisely these lessons that helped him set his life priorities and try himself in every activity.
The most surprising thing is that today physical labor has given way to intellectual labor, and the once exciting labor lessons have now been replaced by a new subject “technology”. This innovation places an emphasis on introducing the child to the computer, as well as gaining basic skills in work. Of course, we live in a world of scientific progress, but this is not a reason to forget about past equally entertaining activities at school. In order to finally decide whether it is worth studying a subject such as “labor” at school, he recommends carefully studying all its advantages and disadvantages, and drawing appropriate conclusions based on the information received. Of course, few people care about the opinions of children in school. However, this is a fundamentally wrong approach, because a child, being a full-fledged person, can independently make his own choice.
So, among the significant advantages, it is necessary to remember that work allows children to escape at least a little from the school curriculum and relax mentally, because, as you know, memorizing rules, solving examples and equations, as well as reading large texts simply exhaust the child’s psyche, requiring at least a short pause . In addition, work contributes to the development of imagination, abstract thinking and memory, and also allows you to get better at a certain activity and gain valuable skills in life. This subject significantly raises the spirit of collectivism and unites the class morally, because it is so interesting to work together and provide each other with unbearable help.
It is also worth remembering that such lessons are always noisy and fun, and this is not surprising, because every student simply offers numerous ideas, showing imagination and ingenuity. In addition, students develop a love and affection for work, and this will certainly come in handy in life. Many attentive mothers notice that their child is a creative person who strives to make unique things with their own hands, and, as you know, such potential is revealed by labor lessons at school. Among the benefits, it is also worth highlighting learning something new, and such a unique experience allows the child to grow above himself, realizing himself in new areas of life. So it’s simply impossible to overestimate the benefits of labor, although again, not all healers think so.
As for the shortcomings of the so-called “labor education”, there is no need to deny that they really exist. Firstly, today there are no longer those qualified specialists who instilled in children a love of work. Now such teachers only turn children away from this subject, resulting in bad behavior and regular absenteeism, which leads to satisfactory grades. Secondly, the program proposed by the teacher is not always interesting for children, especially if classes for girls and boys are combined and, due to the lack of proper premises, are held in the same class. Thirdly, there is a lack of equipment necessary for lessons, and children have enough theory in other lessons. This is where all the disadvantages of work end, but the advantages of such activities are definitely still much greater.
If we face the truth, we can safely say that conducting labor lessons is not economically profitable. the fact is that all the equipment used has either simply broken down due to the expiration of its service life, or is obsolete for children living in the era of nanotechnology. As a rule, schools do not have sufficient funding to purchase new machines, instruments and mini-workshops, so they have to save money and replace labor lessons with technology. Parents, as a rule, do not interfere with such innovations, since they are sincerely glad that their offspring has the opportunity to additionally engage in mental work, mastering the use of a computer.
Today, a huge number of schools have abandoned labor lessons, sincerely believing that such classes are just a waste of children's time and nothing more. There are many reasons for such a refusal, for example, in private schools this is the initiative of parents who want the emphasis in their children’s education to be on mental development. As for educational schools, the meager budget itself dictates its own rules, because it is clear that the maintenance of machines, the cost of purchasing materials, and even the teacher’s salary are all expenses that not every school can handle. Also, many principals are afraid that the inexperience of schoolchildren can lead to increased injuries, and such a reputation is certainly of no use to any school.
There are not many parents who would try to return the labor development of their children to schools, since this requires money and free premises. Of course, such questions are raised more than once at parent-teacher meetings, but things do not go beyond loud statements and eloquent slogans. Often the director transfers the initiative to the parents' committee, however, even on a voluntary basis it is also not possible to return labor to the school. If previously children were very upset by the lack of such lessons, today it is a joy for them, because they can skip class or engage in a more interesting activity.
One way or another, there must be labor lessons in elementary school. Why? The fact is that physical activity trains fine motor skills of the fingers, and, as you know, it is these parts of the body that transmit signals to the brain, that is, by attending such lessons, the child develops and grows above himself. That is why many parents, sending their child to first grade, are keenly interested in whether the chosen school offers labor lessons that are valuable for children’s development. If there are any, then there is no doubt that they will certainly interest the not yet spoiled schoolchild who strives for new knowledge.
What value do primary school students gain from labor lessons at school? Firstly, they solve developmental tasks that can train technical and visual-figurative thinking, independence, creativity, spatial imagination, memory and even speech of the child. Secondly, there are didactic tasks that teach how to work with reference literature and the instructions attached to a particular product. Thirdly, educational tasks teach you to be neat, thrifty and tidy, which may also come in handy more than once in the future. Solving such tasks at each lesson shapes the personality, so no harm will come to the child from a labor lesson.
Every parent must understand that a child must grow up fully developed in order to be able to adapt in time to all life situations. This is not so little, because mom and dad will not always be nearby, and one day you will still have to enter adulthood with all its surprises and surprises. However, one way or another, the choice remains with the adults, because only they can decide which school to send their child to.
Labor lessons today are not available in every school, therefore, when enrolling your child in the first grade, it is worth asking the director whether the school curriculum provides labor education lessons.
