Were there Russians? What was the harlot used for? Who is Hertzumsroll? These and other words in the list of the most interesting hapaxes - words used only once in history
hapaxes(in Greek - ἅπαξ λεγόμενον, hapax legomenon, "named once") - these are words that occur only once in the totality of texts in this language. There should be many such words in every language: according to Zipf's statistical law, the frequency dictionary of any text and any combination of them contains a long tail of "ones". Most of these hapaxes consist of known roots and suffixes and are understandable even to those who have not heard them before. However, some of these words are especially interesting, especially when it comes to dead languages or literary classics: their meaning is often cryptic, the origin is unclear, and in some cases they are complete phantoms (ghost words) that appeared as a result of erroneous interpretation of the text.
Rusichi
Old Russian language
From the album "Peoples of Russia". France, 1812-1813 Bibliothèque nationale de FranceThe most famous ancient Russian hapax is the word Russians. True, it occurs not once, but four times, but only in one short text - "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". But few of our contemporaries are unfamiliar with this word: in dozens of popular books and films, the inhabitants of Ancient Russia are only called that, so now the word "Rusich" has become a popular patriotic name for anything: from a subway car to a cinema. Nevertheless, the Eastern Slavs themselves usually called themselves simply collectively - rus. Not a single ancient monument from Russians more could not be found, except for obvious rough fakes like the Veles book. Even in the medieval imitation of the "Word" - "Zadonshchina" - the words Russians not in any of the lists, but there is Russian sons.
For a long time, a minority of scholars defended the view that the Lay, whose only manuscript burned down in 1812, is a forgery. Of course, the name of the inhabitants of Russia, which is not found anywhere else, served these authors as one of the arguments in favor of the falsification of the monument. Now it is shown that this word does not actually contradict the old Russian norms; rare options for -ichi were in most of the names of peoples and denoted "children of a common ancestor." In addition, a similar word was found in Ukrainian folklore Russovichi. "The Word" is a poetic text, so the unusual name could well be used in it.
Blood cutter
Old Russian language
In one Old Russian text, the list of property mentions bledorez forged. The "Dictionary of the Russian language of the XI-XVII centuries" includes the word "fornication" with the indication "the meaning is unclear." The imagination draws some kind of forged metal tool, the purpose of which is better not to think about.
Linguist Vadim Krysko solved the riddle of the "fornication cutter". This word simply does not exist: the letter “yus” (ѫ) is read not as most often - “y”, but as “yu”, and we have before us simply “a dish - a forged cut”, that is, a dish with a forged carved pattern. The nominative case in such cases also occurs in the modern language: for example, in the inscription on the price tag “gloves leather”.
Dzheregelya
Ukrainian language
The father of Ukrainian literature, Ivan Kotlyarevsky, wrote in his poem "Aeneid":
Here the dzheregeli were wedded,
Crushes on the heads.
In the Ukrainian-Russian glossary attached to the "Aeneid", he explained that these are "braids, finely braided and set out in a wreath on the head." Since then, this word has been included in various dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, including a small dictionary compiled by the young N.V. Gogol; but all its uses ultimately go back to Kotlyarevsky. Where he got the word from and whether it exactly means what the glossary says is unclear. In the "Etymological Dictionary" of 1985, it is associated with Polish ceregiela("ceremony"), but the meaning of the Polish word is quite different. For a while, the Russian Wikipedia had an article called Dzheregeli, illustrated with a photograph of Yulia Timoshenko, but then it (the article) was deleted.
Gertsum-roll
Belarusian language
Cab driver in Vilna www.oldurbanphotos.com In the classic play by Yanka Kupala "Tuteishya" ("Local" or "Local"), one hero meets another, carrying a cart with all sorts of junk, and tells him:
“Smoke what’s with you? Qi didn’t you write free men’s hertzum-srolik? - like a wheelbarrow yaki, drumming this brychka with himself.
More belarusian texts with the word gertsum-srolik no. But he managed to find it in the essays in Russian “Journey through Polesye and the Belarusian Territory” by Pavel Shpilevsky, where, when describing the Nemiga floods, it says:
“Since this channel is sometimes quite large, bridges are arranged to cross it: however, fast water demolishes the bridges on the same day as they are arranged, and then you have to move in hired cab carts (in the genus Viennese Zeiselwagen) of the so-called Hertzumsrollers - Jews flying to the shores of Novaya Nemiga in countless numbers and collecting pennies from riders for transportation.
As you can conclude, this word means a Minsk Jew, moonlighting as a cab driver, a kind of "bomb", a "free" non-professional. It is logical to look for its etymology in the Yiddish language. Linguist Alexandra Polyan suggested that it consists of her cu- “hey, you” and “Srolik” (in Ukrainian Yiddish Srul) is a common Jewish name, a diminutive of Israel.
ΣАΣТНР
Ancient Greek
The “Chersonese oath” is a monument from the territory of Crimea (near present-day Sevastopol), found on the central square of the ancient city of Tauric Chersonesos in the 1890s. Dated to the beginning of the 3rd century BC. e. This is a marble slab with a long text of the Chersonese citizen's oath. Among the understandable oaths (“I will not betray anything to anyone, neither the Greeks nor the barbarian”, “I will not violate democracy”, “I will not plot a conspiracy”, “I will be an enemy to intruders”) there is also this: “I will protect the saster (ΣАΣТНР) for the people”.
No other Greek text of the Old or Modern times has this word. The literature on the saster is enormous. There are many hypotheses, including very eccentric ones. Max Vasmer and Lev Elnitsky, for example, believed that the saster was the Scythian governor of Chersonese, S. A. Zhebelev believed that this was some kind of sacred object, for example, an idol; V. V. Latyshev (the first publisher of the inscription) - that this is a kind of legal concept, for example, a civil oath. Parallels were searched for this word in Iranian and other languages. Historical novels appeared, where the sacred saster towering above the Chersonese coast appears; in Sevastopol, a festival called "Saster of Chersonese" was held. On the Internet, you can listen to a song with the words “And I’ll find a magical saster” (with an emphasis on “a”) and read verses with the line “An unknown saster melting from us” (with an emphasis on “e”).
But what is or who is the “saster”, which (whom) the Chersonesos had to protect for the people, no one knows for sure. It will be possible to solve this problem only if someday in the Black Sea region there is another inscription with this word.
Celtis
Latin language
The Vulgate (the Latin translation of the Bible made by Saint Jerome) in most editions contains the following redaction of verses 23-24 of chapter 19 of the Book of Job:
Quis mihi tribuat ut scribantur sermones mei? Quis mihi det ut exarentur in libro stylo ferreo et plumbi lamina, vel celte sculpantur in silice?
(“Oh, if my words were written down! If they were inscribed in a book with an iron chisel and tin, they would be carved on a stone for eternity!”)
Where the Russian translation of the word "for eternity" (they are in both the Greek and Hebrew texts of the Bible; Jerome missed them for some reason), is the Latin word celte- it can only be an ablative (in this case, an analogue of the Russian instrumental case) from the word Celtis, meaning, judging by the context, some kind of stone carving tool, such as "chisel" or "chisel". Word Celtis not found, except for the translation of the Bible, in any ancient text; all of its medieval examples depend on the Vulgate. The word found its way into many Latin dictionaries, and during the Renaissance it was taken as a name by the humanist Konrad Celtis, whose real name Bikel means in German "pick, pick, ice ax."
In many of the oldest lists of the Vulgate, in place of the word celte worth the well-known certificate- "exactly" ( vel certe Jerome means something like "or"). A number of researchers considered that celte- a complete phantom, the result of a typo instead of certificate. The philologist Max Niedermann rehabilitated this word, showed that there is no reason to consider it a secondary reading, and led to it a number of interesting Indo-European parallels. That the word for instrument did not find its way into the bulk of Latin texts, only a small part of which is devoted to technical topics, is not surprising.
bhnoshche umpchb
MADY! rIRMSCH! RPNPZYFE VEDOPNKH AETH OBKFY OBKHNOSHCHE UMPChB DMS UCHPEZP UPVUFCHEOOPZP UMPCBTs. OBRTYNET, LMHLKhVTBGYS, YDYPUYOLTBYS, TBNVKHTUYTPCHBFSH Y F.D. CEMBFEMSHOP UP OBBYUEOYEN, OP NPTsOP Y VE OEZP, ZMBCHOPE, YUFPV UMPCHP UHEEUFCHPCHBMP Y EZP NPTsOP VSHCHMP YURPMSH'PCHBFSH CH UPCTENEOOOPK TEYUY VPMEE-NEOE BLFICHOP Y YUBUFP. f.E. NOE OE OKHTSOSCH UMPCHB, LPFPTSHCHE S YURPMSHKHA MYYSH TB CH TSOYOY Y FP, RPFPNH UFP CH KHOYCHETE KHUMSCHYBM OB MELGIY. th ChBN, OBDEAUSH, YOFETEUOP VKHDEF (CH DPMZH OE PUFBOKHUSH :)), YNOE IPTPYP. rTENOPZP VMBZPDBTEO!
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| vikka 04 SOCHBTS 2006 ZPDB | 156 50 |
uENBOFYUEULBS PDOP'OBYUOPUFSH - SUOPUFSH UNSCHUMB, OBRTYNET, "OE NPZMY VSCH CHSHCHTBTSBFSHUS U VPMEE CHSHTBTSEOOPK UENBOFYUEULPK PDOP'OBYUOPUFSHHA, B FP S OY ITEOB OE RPOSM".
ZHMHLFHBGYS - UMHYUBKOSCHE PFLMPOEOYS ZHYYYYUEULYI CHEMYUYO PF YI UTEDOYI OBYUEOYK
DEZHYOYGYS - LTBFLPE PRTEDEMEOYE LBLPZP-MYVP RPOSFIS.
FPMETBOFOPUFSH - FETRYNPUFSH L YUENH-MYVP. UMPCHP NPDOPE, B RPFPNH HCE OE HNOPE.
DYIPFPNYS - DEMEOYE ABOUT DCHE YUBUFY. "UEKUBU S RTPYCHEDH DYIPFPNYA LFPZP SVMPLB Y PFDBN RPMPCHYOLH FEVE".
LFBOBYS - LFP RTPGEDHTTB UPTBNETOPZP MYIEOYS RTEUFHROYLB TSYOY RP ZTBTSDBOULPNKh YULKH. "uNFBOBYS RP FEVE RMBYEF!"
YDYPUYOLTBYS - OERETEOPUYNPUFSH. FETNYO NEDYGYOULYK, OP HRPFTEVMSFSh NPTsOP CHEDE Y CHUADH. obrtynet: "x NEOS L DHTBLBN YDYPUYOLTBYIS!"
NEFBRHTYYN - LFP LPZDB UMPCHB, PVPOBYUBAEIE IPTPYYE CHEEY, DEKUFCHYS Y ЪBOSFYS, OE RTYOBAFUS ЪB RMPIYE. obrtynet "nBFSH FCHPA ЪB OPZH" - FFP CHTPDE LBL OE TKhZBFEMSHUFCHP.
FTBOUGEODEOFBMSHOSHCHK - BVUFTBLFOSHCHK, PFCHMEYUEOOSCHK, BLBDENYUEULYK, NSCHUMEOOSCHK, HNPTYFEMSHOSHCHK, HNUFCHEOOSHCHK, FEPTEFYUEULYK. h U YYTPFPK RPOSFIS TELPNEODHEFUS YITPLPE RTYNEOYE FETNYOB, ZDE OBDP Y ZDE OE OBDP.
NEFBZHYYYUEULYK - RTYNETOP FP CE UBNPE, UFP FTBOUGEODEOFBMSHOSHCHK. FETNYO IPTPY DMS PFCHEFB ABOUT CHPRTPU, UHFSH LPFPTPZP chshch OE RPOSMY. obBRTYNET, FBL - "LBL chsh PFOPUYFEUSH L WIPMBUFILE?" - "h NEFBZHYYYUEULPN UNSHUME?"
UIPMBUFYLB - FYR TEMYZYP'OPK ZHIMPUPZHYY, UFTENSEEKUS DBFSH TBGYPOBMSHOPE FEPTEFYUEULPE PVPUOPCHBOYE TEMYZYP'OPNKH NYTPCHP''TEOYA RHFEN RTYNEOEOYS MPZYUEULYI NEFPPDCH DPLBBFEMSH. nPTsOP DPUFBCHBFSH OBLPNSCHI CHPRTPUPN "b CHSCH UMHYUBEN OE UIPMBUFYL?"
BEEPFETYLB - FBKOPE HYUEOYE.
FTAYN - PVEYYCHEUFOPE NOOYE YMY CHCHULBJSCHCHBOYE. FYRYUOSCHK RTYNET FTAYNB - "CHPMZB CHRBDBEF CH lBURYKULPE NPTE."
CHZHENYYN - BNEOB ZTHVSCHI YMY TELLYI UMPCH Y CHCHTBTSEOIK VPMEE NSZLYNY.
UPZHYUFYLB - HNEOYE IYFTP CHEUFY RTEOIS. tPOZMYTPCHBOYE UMPCHBNY Y RPOSFISNY. obrtynet: "YDYFE chshch tsprkh UP UCHPEK UPZHYUFILPK!"
LLMELFIILB - UPEDYOEOYE TBOPTPDOSCHI CHZMSDPCH, YDEK Y FEPTYK. zhenyjn DHTOPCHLHUIGSHCH. obrtynet: "by FBL llmelfyuop pdechbefus!"
YOCHELFYCHSHCH - OEGEOJHTOBS, RMPEBDOBS VTBOSH, NBFETEEYOB.
ZPNZEOOSCHK - PDOPTPDOSHK. obrtynet: "zPNZEOOPUFSH FFPZP KPZKhTFB OE CHSHCHCHCHBEF OILBLYI UPNOOEIK."
ZEODETOSHCHK - RPMPCHPK. NETZEODETOSHK, UPPFCHEFUFCHEOOP, - NETSRPMPCHPK.
BDDYLGYS - ЪBCHYUYNPUFSH. obrtynet, yofetoef-bddylgys, obtlp-bddylgys.
DELBDEOFUFCHP - HRBDOYUEUFCHP. FETNYO IPTPY DMS PGEOLY MAVSHCHI DEKUFCHYK MAVSHCHI RETUPOBTSEK: "LBLPE DELBDEOFUFCHP!"
LPOZTHIOFOPUFSH - PYUEOSH VPZBFPE UMPCHP. pЪOBYUBEF UPUFPSOYE GEMPUFOPUFY Y RPMOPK YULTEOOPUFY, LPZDB CHUE YUBUFY MYUOPUFY TBVPFBAF CHNEUFE, RTEUMEDHS PDOH GEMSH. fBLCE YUBUFP HRPFTEVMSEFUS U RTYUFBCHLPK "OE".
ZYRETVPMB - RTEKHCHEMYYUEOYE. obrtynet: "oE ZYRETVPMYYTHK, RPTsBMHKUFB!"
CHPMAOFBTYYN - HYUEOYE, RPMBZBAEEEE H PUOPCHSH VSHCHFIS CHPMECHPE OBYUBMP. h GENERAL CHENS HRPFTEVMSEFUS LBL PGEOPYUOSCHK FETNYO DEKUFCHYK YUEMPCELB, LPFPTSHCHE MYUOP CHBN OE OTBCHSFUS. obrt .: "chBOS CHSHCHRYM CHUA FELYMH. yFP YUYUFSHCHK CHPMAOFBTYIN!"
HVYLCHYUFSHCH - CHYDSCH TBUFEOYK Y TSYCHPFOSHCHI, PVYFBAEYE RPCHUENEUFOP. "CHPO HVILCHYUF
RPVETSBM"/ULBBOP P FBTBLBOE ABOUT LHIOE
LPZOYFYCHOSCHK DYUUPOBOU - OPCHBS YOZHPTNBGYS, CHIPDSEBS CH RTPFYCHPTEYUYE UP UFBTSHNY BOBOISNY, YNEAENYUS YUEMPCHELPN.
ZOPUEPMPZYS - FEPTYS RPOBOYS, PUOPCHOBS YUBUFSH ZHYMPUPZHYY, TBUUNBFTYCHBAEBS HUMPCHYS Y RTEDEMSHCH CHPNPTSOPUFY DPUFPCHETOPZP OYOBOYS.
LZPGEOFTYL - UBNPCHMAVMEOSHK YUEMPCEL.
VYOPN oSHAFPOB - ZHPTNKHMB DMS RTEDUFBCHMEOYS UFEROOY UHNNSC DCHHI YUYUEM. hRPFTEVMSEFUS, LBL RTBCHYMP, CH LBYUEUFCHE CHSHCHTBTSEOIS YuEZP-FP UMPTSOPZP CH RTPFICHPRPUFBCHMEOYY OEUMPTSOPNKH. OBRTYNET: "FPCE NOE WYOPN oSHAFPOB!"
LPZETEOFOPUFSH - PYUEOSH LTBUYCHPE UMPCHP. (PF MBFYOULPZP cohaerens. OBIPDSEYKUS H UCHSKY), UPZMBUPCHBOOPE RTPFELBOYE PE READING OEULPMSHLYI LPMEVBFEMSHOSHCHI YMY CHPMOPCHSCHI RTPGEUUPCH, RTPSCHMSAEEEUS RTY YI UMPTSOYY.
ZHTHUFTBGYS - TB'PYUBTPCHBOYE. OBYB TSIOYOSH - FFP GERSH ZHTHUFTBGYK.
ZHTYLBFYCHOSCHK - (PF MBF. frico - FTH), RTYNEOSEFUS CH MYOZCHYUFILE, OBRTYNET, ZHTYLBFYCHOSHE UZMBUFOSHCHE "F, S, I, Y". nPTsOP HRPFTEVMSFSH: "lBLPC SHCHL X FEVS ZHTYLBFYCHOSCHK!"
DYULKHTU - CHYD TEYUECHPK LPNNHOILBGYY, PUOPCHSCCHBAEYKUS ABOUT TEZYPOBMSHOPN OERTEDCHЪSFPN PVUKhTSDEOYY, ABOUT RPRSHFL DUFBOGITPCHBFSHUS PF UPGIBMSHOPK TEBMSHOPUFY. obrtynet, "rTEDMBZBA RTELTBFIFSH FFPF ZMHRSHCHK DYULHTU".
| obRYUBFSH LPNNEOFBTYK |
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| FUCK, RTENOPZP VMBZPDBTEO! — Anonymous | |
| tedyulb - OEIPTPYK YUEMPCHEL :)) - Hellhammer | |
| PDOP NBMEOSHLPE "OP", EUMY RPCHPMYFE. "CHFBOBYS" (PF ZTEYUEULYI eu - "VMBZPK", "IPTPYK" Y thanatos - "UNETFSH"). hDPCHMEFCHPTEOYE RTPUSHVSCH VPMSHOPZP PV HULPTEOYY EZP UNETFY LBLYNY-MYVP DEKUFCHYSNNY YMY UTEDUFCHBNY, CH FPN YUYUME RTELTBEEOYEN YULKHUUFCHEOOOSCHI NO RP RPDDETSBOYA TSYOYA. — she-devil | |
vikka. :)
+ |
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| x LFPZP FELUFB EUFSH BCHFPT Y OKHTSOP VSCHMP HLBFSH FFP. — MEDY_CHBMETY | |
| vPMSHYPE URBUYVP) nOPZP YOFETEUOPZP) - FPOS HFCLBY |
| Gregory 06 SOCHBTS 2006 ZPDB | 64 50 |
dPVBCHMA L PFCHEFH Vikka.
(rTSN DBCE OE CHETYFUS, UFP POB LFP RTPRHUFYMB);)
Vizhhtlbgys - TBDCHPEOYE, TBDEMEOYE, TBCHEFCHMEOYE UEZP-MYVP. nBFENBFILY ZPCHPTSF "FPYULB VYZHHTTLBGYY", F.E. FPYULB OEPRTEDEMEOOPUFY, UPVSCHFYE H FPK FPYULE TBCHOPCHETPSFOP NPTSEF RPKFY RP MAVPNKH RTPZOPYTHENH RHFY, DBTSE, EUMY LFY RHFY UCHCHETYEOOOP RTPFYCHPRMPTSOSCH.
OH Y LPOEYUOP, TSE yoftprice.
fPMSHLP OBUFPSEYE ZHYYLY NPZKhF PFGEOYFSH RTEMEUFSH Y NPZKHEUFCHEOOPUFSH FFPZP UMPCHB Y OE FPMSHLP YЪ-ЪB EZP LTBUPFSHCH, OP Y YЪ-ЪB UNSCHUMB CHMPTSEOOPZP H FFP UMPCHP.
oFTPRYS (ZTEYU. en - H, trope - RPCHPTPF, RTECHTBEEOYE) - PDOP YЪ PUOPCHOSHI RPOSFIK LMBUUYYUEULPK ZHYYLY, CHCHEDEOP CH OBHLH t. lMBHYHUPN. JOFTPRYS CHCHTBTSBEF URPUPVOPUFSH IOETZYY L RTCHTBEEOSN: YUEN VPMSHIE JOFTPRYS UYUFENSCH, FEN NEOSHY BLMAYUEOOBS CH OEK IOETZYS URPUPVOBL L RTCHTBEEOSN. obtbufboye joftpryy UCHYDEFEMSHUFCHHEF P OBTBUFBOYY ISPUB CHOHFTY UYUFENSCH.
fBL CE U IOFTPRYEK UCHSHCHCHBAF FEPTIA P "FERMPPCHPK UNETFY CHUEMEOOPK", F.E. P LPOGE UCHEFB.
http://lib.ru/TEXTBOOKS/TEACH/Physics/node12.html
| obRYUBFSH LPNNEOFBTYK |
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| "Oh HCHEMYYUYCHBKFE IOFTPRYA!" (YUEMPCHELH, LPFPTSCHK UHEFIFUUS, YHNYF, NEYBEF :) - rthyog zptsh | |
| uh, rthyog. UFP VSCH NSHCHOE DEMBMY, IOFTPRYS CHUE TBCHOP OBTBUFBEF, Y UPSU CHUE VMYTSE Y VMYTSE. chbn MY ffp OE OBFSH?! ChPF Y X ChBU FYFHM PUFBMUS. B LPTPMECHUFCHB-FP HCE FA-FA, OEF: ((IBPU) - Gregory |
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| f.E. chshch PFTYGBEFE OEZIOFTPRYA??? :) rPTSDPL CH RTPFYCHPCHEU iBPUKH? dB Y U LPTPMECHUFCHPN OE CHUE FBL PDOPOBBYOP;) - rthyog zptsh |
| Hellhammer 04 SOCHBTS 2006 ZPDB | 57 50 |
b RPYUENKh VSC RTPUFP OE RPLPRBFSHUS H UMPCHBTSI?
| obRYUBFSH LPNNEOFBTYK |
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| rTEDMBZBM. oE IPUEF! — chBUYMYK nBLUINPCH |
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| ChSCH VSC UBNY RPRTPVPCHBMY RPLPRBFSHUS CH UMPCHBTSI, FEN VMEE LMELFTPOOSCHI. CHTHYUOKHA S HCE RTPUNPFTEM PYO UMPCHBTSH YOPUFTBOOSCHI UMPCH, LHYUH READING HVYMP + OBDP EEE CHUE CHSHCHRYUSCHCHBFSH - Anonymous | |
| bbfp — Hellhammer | |
| PVSIBFEMSHOP ЪBKNHUSH LFYN, LPZDB VKhDEF UCHPPVPDOPE CHTENS. zTBOD NO! — Anonymous | |
| oEF, NO YFP OTBCHYFUS: "CHS VSHCH UBNY RPRTPVPCHBMY"! LPOEYUOP Y RPRTPVPCHBMY, Y RTPVKHEN. MЈZLYI BOBOIK UEF. UBNP CH THLY RMSCCHЈF FP, UFP CH CHPDE OE FPOEF ... - chBUYMYK nBLUINPCH |
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| YOFETEUOP, RPYUENKh chshch OE ZPCHPTYFE FFP LBTsDPNH, LFP BDBEF DEUSH CHPRTPUSCH? CHEDSH VPMSHYOUFCHP PFCHEFCH "ON RPCHETIOPUFY" ... - Anonymous | |
| Ch MAVPN UMKHYUBE, RTYOBA UCHPA PYYVLKH, CHBUYMYK nBLUINPCH, Y RTYOPYKH UCHPY Y'CHYOEOYS — Anonymous |
| chBUYMYK nBLUINPCH 04 SOCHBTS 2006 ZPDB | 36 25 |
CHPF UPNOECHBAUSH S, UFPVSCH chBN RTYIPDYMPUSH FBL HC YBUFP LMLCHVTYTPCHBFSH...ULPTEE, RPLBBFSH "PVTBBPCHBOOPUFSH"...
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мхлхвтбгйс - UPYOYOEOYE, FTEVHAEEEE LTPRPFMYCHPK DMYFEMSHOPK TBVPFSCH, RPDCHYTSOYYUEULYK FTHD.
idypuyoltbys - RPCHSHCHIEOOBS (CHTPTSDEOOBS) YUHCHUFCHYFEMSHOPUFSH PTZBOYNB L OELPFPTSCHN CHEEEUFCHBN: RIEECCHCHN RTPDHLFBN, NEDYLBNEOFBN, RUYYYUEULYN YMY ZHYYYYUEKUF CHP.
tbnvhtuytpchbooshk VBOL - VBOL-LPTTTEURPODEOF, RTPYCHPDSEIK TBUYUEFSHCH U VBOLPN YNRPTFETB, EUMY RPUMEDOYK OE YNEEF LPTTTEURPODEOFULYI UYUEFCH X VBOLB LURPTFETB.
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DHNBA, UFP chBN UFPYF RPTSCHFSHUS, OBRTYNET, DEUSH.
All people want to appear very smart. To be considered a smart person, you must learn to use smart words. This is not at all as difficult as it might seem at first glance. Below is a short list of buzzwords you will need. By interspersing smart and obscene words in your texts at the same time, you have every chance to pass for a person with broad views.
Regular list of buzzwords and expressions:
Idiosyncrasy- intolerance. My favorite smart word. In general, the term is medical, but you can use it anywhere and everywhere. For example: I have an idiosyncrasy for fools!
Transcendental- abstract, abstract, academic, mental, speculative, mental, theoretical. Somewhere like that. In connection with the breadth of the concept, it is recommended that the term be widely used, where it is necessary and where it is not necessary.
Metaphysical- about the same as the Transcendental. The term is good for answering a question, the essence of which you did not understand. For example, like this - "How do you feel about scholasticism? - In a metaphysical sense?"
Binomial theorem- a formula for representing the power of the sum of two numbers. It is used, as a rule, as an expression of something complex as opposed to something simple. For example: "I also need Newton's binomial!" = Shit-pie!
Scholasticism- Medieval philosophy. I included scholasticism in my list of buzzwords solely because of the beautiful name.
Metrosexual is a euphemism for a pederast. To be completely honest.
Esoterics- secret doctrine. Nothing more is known about him.
Truism- public opinion or statement. A typical example of a truism is "The Volga flows into the Caspian Sea."
Euphemism- replacement of rude or harsh words and expressions with softer ones. Among the people, the phenomenon received a very biting and precise formulation: "There is an ass, but there is no word."
Sophistry- the ability to cunningly conduct a debate. Juggling with words and concepts. For example: "Go to hell with your sophistry!"
Glossary is also a smart word. Unfortunately, I always forget its meaning and therefore almost never use it. List of abbreviations and abbreviations.
Eclecticism- connection of heterogeneous views, ideas and theories. A euphemism for bad taste. For example: "He dresses so eclectically!"
Invectives- obscene, areal abuse, swearing. Often used in combination with invective vocabulary.
Homogeneous- homogeneous. For example: "The homogeneity of this yogurt is beyond doubt."
Gender- sexual. Intergender, respectively, - intergender. A very favorite word in LiveJournal.
addiction- addiction. Eg. Internet addiction. Like mine.
Decadence- decadence. The term is good for evaluating any actions of any characters. For example: "What decadence!"
Congruence is a very rich word. One of my favorites. Means a state of integrity and complete sincerity, when all parts of the personality work together, pursuing one goal. It is also often used with the prefix not. A very congruent word.
Hyperbola- an exaggeration. For example: "Don't hyperbolize, please!"
Voluntarism- a doctrine that puts the volitional principle in the foundations of being. In our time, it is used as an evaluative term for the actions of a person that you personally do not like. For example: "Vanya drank all the tequila. This is pure voluntarism!"
Ubiquists- species of plants and animals that live everywhere. Do not get carried away with this term, anyway, no one knows it, except for you and me.
The cognitive dissonance- new information that is in conflict with the old knowledge that a person has. The term was introduced into Russian use mainly by the writer Pelevin.
Epistemology- the theory of knowledge, the main part of philosophy, considering the conditions and limits of the possibility of reliable knowledge. A very smart word. Unfortunately, it is of little use.
Egocentric- Selfish. Such as we all are. It is important not to use the term in relation to your own person. Not nice. Except in the order of self-irony.
fisting- you don't need it. This is from areas of hard debauchery. Just know what it is when fisted.
Guelphs and Gibbels- Guelphs - for the pope and popolans, gibbelins - for the emperor and nobles. In general, you don't need it either. It is unlikely that you will be able to show off erudition. Few experts.
coherence- a very beautiful word. (from the Latin cohaerens - in connection), the coordinated flow in time of several oscillatory or wave processes, which manifests itself when they are added.
frustration- disappointment. our life is a chain of frustrations.
discourse- and so everyone knows. but the word is smart.
Dictionary of rarely used words, terms and proper names
Adonais (Adonis) - a character of Greek mythology, a beautiful young man with whom the goddess of love fell in love
Aphrodite, died very young, killed by a boar. The English poet P. B. Shelley gave the nickname Adonais to the poet J. Keats in the elegy of the same name on the death of the latter (1821): for Shelley, the death of the poet was as untimely as the death of Adonis.
Baphomet is a symbolic satanic goat, usually depicted as a half-man-half-goat or a man with a goat's head.
Bityugs are a Russian breed of heavy horses.
To harrow - here: to defend.
Brany - patterned.
Brasno - food, dish.
Buchilo is a vessel in which the laundry is soaked and bleached.
Valkyrie - in Scandinavian mythology, the daughter of the supreme god Wotan, who flies on a winged horse over the battlefield and takes the lives of warriors.
Veksha is a squirrel.
Versha - fishing tackle-trap.
Veshina - a branch, a pole.
Vishnu is one of the supreme gods of the Hindu pantheon, who, together with Brahma and Shiva, is part of the triad (trimurti) and performs the cosmic function of storing the world, acting in it through many of his incarnations, the main of which are Rama and Krishna.
The Vlachs are Eastern Romanesque peoples, here, probably, the Romanians are meant.
Gorlach is a big krinka.
The Hotchkiss cannon is a small, fast-firing, French-made naval cannon.
Gras - single-shot French guns of the Gras system from 20 to 28 caliber, converted from rifles in 1871.
Delos is an island in the Aegean Sea, where, according to ancient Greek myths, the gods Apollo and Artemis were born. In ancient times, hymn and musical competitions of Greek choirs from different cities were held on the island.
Jazz band - a small jazz orchestra (up to 10 performers).
To reach - here: to overtake.
Essenes - a Jewish religious sect (2nd century BC - the end of the 1st century AD), a separate and closed brotherhood; they believed, like the Pharisees, in the need for personal piety and removal from the filth of everyday life, as well as in posthumous retribution (unlike the Sadducees, the Essenes believed in the physical resurrection of the dead); considered themselves the only true Israel.
Zane - because.
Indus even.
Isaiah is a biblical prophet who preached, among other things, moral values. "Rejoice, Isaiah!" - sung during the sacrament of marriage.
Kerenzyata are graduates of cadet schools in the second half of 1917, during the reign of A.F. Kerensky.
Comanches are North American Indians.
Scab! - an exclamation meaning a nasty, stupid person or animal.
Kochet is a rooster.
Kruzhalo - here: the old name of taverns.
Cool-gavrila - the wheel of the hand brake of a steam locomotive; the expression "Cool-Gavrila!" means "Release the brakes!".
Kuban - a big krinka, a gourlach.
Kysmet - rock.
Leviathan - a monstrous sea serpent, sometimes identified with Satan, is mentioned in the Old Testament (Job 3 8, 40 20 - 41 26; Ps 73 14, 103 26).
Lewis is an English light machine gun from the times of the 1st World War.
Lying - frail, unfit.
Maxim is a heavy machine gun developed by the American gunsmith Hiram Maxim in 1883.
Hominy is a steeply brewed porridge made from cornmeal, which is cut with a special thread or a wooden knife.
Mammon, mammon - belly, stomach.
The Mannlicher rifle is a repeating automatic rifle designed by the Austro-Hungarian gunsmith Ferdinand Mannlicher.
Honey - here in the meaning: a light alcoholic drink made from bee honey.
To measure - here in the meaning: to evaluate according to one's own understanding.
Masichka - table (Bulgarian).
The youngest is the youngest.
Molonya - lightning.
Moloss - refers to the breed of large fighting dogs, bred by the Hellenic tribe of Molossians.
Nazarene - the nickname of Jesus Christ, who lived in Nazareth before the start of his ministry.
Nishkni - an exclamation meaning: do not shout, shut up.
Sowing - the remnants of sifting grain, in a figurative sense - a girl who was not married.
Oder is an old exhausted horse, a nag.
Wake up - come to your senses, cross yourself, calm down.
Paneva - old women's clothing, homespun skirt.
Parks are the three goddesses of fate in ancient Roman mythology: Nona spins the thread of human life, Decima winds the thread on a spindle, distributing fate, Morta cuts the thread of fate.
To take revenge - to be heard, to appear.
To honor - to honor.
Razzavod - breeding, keep on razzavod - keep on breeding, for future use.
Rakia is a strong alcoholic drink made from fruits, similar to brandy, popular among the South Slavic peoples.
Stand up! Help, save!
Repetilov is a character in A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", a chatterer mindlessly repeating other people's opinions.
Himself-friend - together.
Hay girl - a yard girl serving the masters, a maid.
Scattered pearls are large and even pearls that can easily roll on the surface.
The tabernacle is a sanctuary.
Stogny - squares and streets of the city.
Tatarva - Tatars (Tatars in ancient Russia could be called any foreign-speaking peoples).
Teleport - hang out, dangle, walk very slowly.
Tiara - a triple crown, the headdress of the ancient Eastern kings, the Pope.
Fata Morgana - mirages in which objects are seen repeatedly and with various distortions (according to legend, the fairy Morgana, who lives on the seabed, deceives travelers with ghostly visions).
Fatera - living quarters (distortion of the word "apartment").
A roan horse is a gray horse with an admixture of other wool.
The Schwarzlose machine gun is an Austro-Hungarian medium-caliber machine gun.
Ektemporale - classy written work on translation from a native language into a foreign one without prior preparation; improvisation.
Eleusis (Eleusis) is a city in Attica (Greece), in ancient times known for its mysteries.
Yarilo is the sun.
Note:
THIS IS NOT A WORK OF YU.A. REINHARDT.
Dictionary compiled by publishers and commentators
E.N. Egorova and prot. Pavel Nedosekin
for the convenience of readers.
Reviews
Your dictionary, Yuri Alexandrovich, seemed interesting to me.
Veksha is a squirrel. Hence the name Vekshegonov. I wonder when the Russians forgot the former name of the squirrel? 200 years ago, 300?
Hominy is a steeply brewed porridge made from cornmeal. During the Great Patriotic War, the Germans prepared hominy for Russian prisoners. The depleted stomachs of the prisoners, who had not seen food for weeks, could not stand it, and diarrhea (diarrhea) developed everywhere. The number of prisoners in the camp, without any effort on the part of the German administration, naturally decreased by 90%.
Nazarene - the nickname of Jesus Christ, who lived in Nazareth before the beginning of his ministry. Nazarene is also the name of one of the religious sects. The Nazarenes, according to tradition, did not cut their hair and did not wash. The Nazarene was the legendary Samson. It is no wonder that Jesus spent weeks in the Judean wilderness, where he did not cut his hair and did not wash. That was his faith.
It is no coincidence that modern historians will never find the city of Nazareth. He was absent! Jesus is a Nazarene - this does not mean a resident of Nazareth (a city that did not exist). The Nazarene is a faith akin to the Jews.
Ferii are holidays in the ancient Roman calendar.
Well, but how! After all, we all come from the same Indo-European cauldron!
In German, fire is a holiday.
Dear Leo!
The dictionary of rarely used words on the page of Yuri Reinhardt does not exist by itself, but refers to his stories, memories of the Volunteer Army, poems and fairy tales. Moreover, this is not his work: we, the publishers and commentators, compiled the dictionary so that it would be easier for modern readers to perceive the works of Yuri Alexandrovich. Read better his works on his page, follow the links. The page also contains a biographical sketch of him.
As for Jesus the Nazarene, the nickname is precisely for the city of Nazareth. He had nothing to do with the Nazarenes. A veksha squirrel is still called in some dialects. Before the revolution, this name was quite common in the literary Russian language.
Yury Reynardt's leading page
Elena Nikolaevna Egorova
Clever words, borrowed from other languages, are designed to strike those around you with the intellect of the speaker or writer. And after all, many people want to know abstruse words for communication and their meaning, but they are too lazy to just look for them on the Internet and use them in simple speech. It's time to finally compile a dictionary of the most incomprehensible words in Russian and their meanings and memorize them! Where and how will it help you? For example, in reviews of new films, performances and books, in conversations with colleagues, in talk shows on TV and the blogosphere, here and there flash with an important look "insight", "kurtosis", "existential" and, of course, trendy "cognitive dissonance". And you do not understand a word, and no one wants to feel "close-minded" and ignorant.
Remember the proverb “The word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you won’t catch it”? Of course, we cannot give a complete list of the smartest words in the world that can be used for conversation, and their meaning, but we offer you a list of literate smart words for communicating with people (and their meaning) - a sort of mini-dictionary of popular smart expressions .
smart nouns
The most useful intricate words with meanings that everyone should know are nouns, because they are the basis of our speech. All these smart words, such as "insight", "collaboration", "frustration" ... So, we replenish the vocabulary with long smart words that you need to know by heart.
ADDITION
The English word addiction characterizes addiction, an addiction, a way of escaping from reality. Addictions are not only alcoholism, gambling, drug addiction, smoking. Psychologists assure: a similar addiction mechanism is found in those who overeat, live and burn at work, love extreme sports, hang out on the Internet for days, love creativity and ... fall in love. Another thing is that the forms of addiction are divided into acceptable by society, like the same workaholism or falling in love, and unacceptable, like excessive craving for alcohol.
AMPHIBOLICITY
Amphibolism is the ambiguity of a concept, its contradictory interpretation. As a rule, this word is rarely used - in dissertations, at court hearings, or in biochemical papers. But it’s not bad at all to understand if someone says “this is amphibolic” or “the amphibolic nature of this concept baffles me, because I adhered strictly to one line,” and you understand that it’s all just about the ambiguity of the concept you are discussing.
vis-a-vis
"Frenchman" vis-a-vis in Russian can be both an adverb ("sit vis-a-vis", that is, opposite each other), and a noun, both masculine and feminine ("my smart vis-a-vis", "your beautiful vis-a-vis"). You have every right to call your counterpart the one who is opposite you, with whom you are sitting face to face.
IDIOSYNCRASY
What did Stirlitz mean when he said: “I have an idiosyncrasy for rhyme”? The fact that he is completely devoid of a poetic gift. He was modest, of course ... The word with ancient Greek roots (idos - “separate, special”; synkrasis - “mixing”) was familiar only to physicians for a long time, but came into wide use as a synonym for the words “allergy”, “rejection”: “Yes, he has idiosyncrasy for everything new!”, “I have an idiosyncrasy for empty talk.”
INSIGHT
Translated from English, "insight" (insight) literally means insight, insight. This concept is used in philosophy and psychology to convey insight, a sudden understanding of something that is not inferred from past experience. So someone will say: “And then it dawned on me!” – and someone will proudly say: “I had an insight!”
COLLABORATION
The association of several equal, independent participants in order to achieve common goals in fashion, art, business, science and education is called (from English collaboration - cooperation). For example, at the end of March, in honor of the 50th anniversary of the fantastic Star Trek franchise, the MAC cosmetics company announced the release of the Star Trek beauty collection. The make-up options will be borrowed from the movie characters of the franchise and brought to life with 25 limited-edition products for lips, eyes and face. The start of sales is in August 2016.
CARRYLISM
A phenomenon in which the interlocutor asks you a question again, although he heard it perfectly. Why is he doing this? Scientists say that a person does this consciously or subconsciously in order to have more time to formulate an answer. They (or their colleagues) are still arguing about the origin of the word. Many associate him with the American politician John Kerry, who at the end of 2015 could not immediately answer the question of a Russian student and asked him several times. If someone wants to accuse you of being slow to respond, tell him that this is nothing more than carrilism, and you need a couple of seconds to formulate an answer.
LIPOPHRENIC
Remember this: "Do not touch me, old woman, I am in sorrow." It was not Ivan the Terrible who said this, but a lipophrenic. In more detail, a lipophrenic is a person who feels irresistible sadness, melancholy and does not know the reasons for the appearance of this condition. Lipophrenia, which is also called apathy, depression, melancholy, usually appears from being alone for a long time, from routine activities or insufficient activity (which is relevant for today's youth), as well as from a lack of positive emotions. If you don’t want to wear the not-quite-proud name “lipophrenic”, do your favorite things more often, prefer live communication to virtual communication, walk more in the fresh air.
NATIFORM
Have you seen stones in the form of a heart or a tomato with a nose? If yes, then you are halfway to understanding the word “natiform”. But here is a more particular case, because a natiform is a natural formation that resembles the outlines of a female body or part of it. It could be a tree that you looked at from a certain angle and saw shoulders, chest, waist, hips… Or rocks in a rock looking so bizarre that it reminded you of your ex. These are all natiforms.
palynphrasia
Have you noticed for some people that they repeat one word or phrase in almost every sentence? If not, you are lucky, and if you have met with this, congratulate your friend: he has palinphrasia. It is not contagious, but it is absolutely unpleasant when in every sentence you will be told "sir" or "I told you that ...". And so in a circle. As a result, you will not hear other words, lose the essence of the narrative and generally lose any interest in the conversation.
SYNERGY
When this word is called, they usually remember its arithmetic “formula”: 1 + 1 = 3. The ancient Greek synergeia is translated as “cooperation, commonwealth”. It means an amazing effect that occurs when several subjects or objects interact. This summed effect exceeds the return from the actions of each participant in the process separately. An example of synergy: you have mastered a few secrets of applying concealer, and your friend knows all the intricacies of mascara. By sharing life hacks, both of you, without losing your previous experience, will gain a new one, that is, you will grow up in the art of makeup.
SOPHISTRY
The philosophical current in Ancient Greece, whose followers were famous for their ability to cunningly conduct scientific disputes, gave the name to verbal statements based on the juggling of facts, simplifications, and violations of logic. Another sophist (from the ancient Greek sophia - “skill, skill, cunning invention, trick, wisdom, knowledge”) is brilliantly able to prove obvious absurdity: “Half-empty is the same as half-full. If the halves are equal, then the whole ones are equal. Therefore, the empty is the same as the full. Therefore, sophistry in a figurative sense is called any speech that is built on false conclusions, but disguises itself as correct, logical.
TOCHE
Borrowed from the sports sphere, the word “touché” (touchér in French - touch) draws a line to a certain dispute, when one of the interlocutors recognizes the correctness, superiority of the other after a decisive argument or a verbal injection - what if you competed not in knowledge of the topic, but in wit? Touche, the argument is counted, as fencing injections or throws on the back of wrestlers, performed in accordance with all the rules, are counted.
FRUSTRATION
Falling into a state of frustration (Latin frustratio - deceit, failure, futile expectation) means experiencing a whole range of negative feelings due to the inability to achieve what you want. For example, you were planning a vacation at sea, you had already packed your suitcase, and suddenly your boss postpones your vacation a month later because of an important project that you cannot do without. Naturally, you feel anger, despair, anxiety, irritation, disappointment and hopelessness ... Frequent experience of such states, psychologists say, spoils the character, strikes at self-esteem.
EGOCENTRIC
The namesake of the egoist, the egocentric (from the Latin words ego - "I" - and centrum - "center") is still not similar to him. The egocentric is focused on his own inner world, point of view, his interests, needs and does not notice others, but is able to "move", help others, hear them if he is asked for support. Egocentrism in one way or another is inherent in everyone. The egoist sees other people's interests, but deliberately ignores them, opposes himself to others, always putting his person in the first place.
EXCESS
Latin excessus means "exit, evasion". In Russian, the word consonant with “process” has two meanings. The first is an extreme manifestation of something: “This is not literature, but graphomaniac excess!” The second is an emergency, a violation of the normal course of events: "Her gossip caused a real excess in the team."
ESCAPADE
A daring, shocking, provocative, headstrong stunt in the style of Salvador Dali, Lady Gaga or Miley Cyrus, for example, a rotten herring on a hat or a dress made of raw meat - this is an escapade. The French word escapade also has a second meaning - an adventure trip - not in demand in our language.
Smart adjectives
After nouns, it's time to see a dictionary of smart adjectives for every day and their meanings, because it is the presence of adjectives in your speech that will distinguish you from other interlocutors. Decorate your speech with little-known smart words, believe me: this will help you in all areas of life. Such unfamiliar intelligent words (and their meanings) will help raise your status both among friends and among colleagues.
UPSCALING
Derived from the English adjective upscale - "high-quality, first-class, exclusive." Characterizes the absolute embodiment of the desired properties in any subject, object: upscale interior design, upscale sound, upscale image.
VERBAL
This adjective has nothing to do with a tree with fluffy buds, but very much so with our speech. Latin verbum is translated as "word", so "verbal" is verbal, oral. For example, verbal thinking, verbal intelligence, verbal method. There is also the adjective "non-verbal" - not having a verbal expression: non-verbal communication, non-verbal signals.
DEVIANT
What do they mean when they talk about deviant behavior? The French word deviation characterizes a deviation from the norm, whether it is the position of a compass needle, the course of an aircraft or a ship, as well as a feature of the human psyche. In other words, deviant behavior destroys the personality and health of those who prefer an antisocial lifestyle, and also causes moral and material harm to others.
COGNITIVE
Translated from Latin, cognitio is knowledge, knowledge. The adjective "cognitive" describes a person's ability to acquire knowledge, to know the world around him and himself. This psychological term would not be so popular without its companion, the "Frenchman": dissonance means "discord, disharmony, inconsistency."
It turns out a kind of situation “you don’t understand mine”, when previous experience, already accumulated knowledge conflict with new information, new circumstances. There are two opposite ideas about the same thing in your head at once. Let's say your friend emphasizes that he really appreciates punctuality, you like it, and at the same time you do not remember a single meeting when he would not be late. So consider him punctual, organized, true to his word and justify his behavior as accidents or not? The need to choose one thing, evaluate and interpret the newly received picture becomes a cause of mental discomfort.
A synonym for "cognitive dissonance" can be called another stable phrase, the meaning of which not everyone knows. This is a pattern break. This is a broader concept, but the essence is the same: you had some kind of scheme in your head regarding a person, concept, phenomenon, and overnight this scheme collapses due to new knowledge. It turns out that twice two is not always four. Like this?..
SMART
From English, the word "smart" is translated as "smart", "smart". It is this meaning of the word "smart" that is now used in Russia. It cannot be said that it is firmly planted in the minds of Russians, but if you do not know what a “smart watch” or “smart television”, and even more so a “smartphone”, is shame and shame on you. Simply put, the prefix (or part of the word) “smart” means “smart”: smartphone = smart phone, smart watch = smart watch, etc. As you probably noticed, the word "smart" is used specifically with high-tech items, so when using it, follow the context.
TRANSPARENT
An adjective with English roots (transparent - transparent) is held in high esteem by politicians, bloggers and even cosmetologists. The former conclude transparent agreements and voice transparent positions without secrets or omissions, while the latter swear to be as open and sincere with the audience as possible. And transparent, that is, transparent powder does not look like a mask on the face and at the same time perfectly mattifies it. Yes, she can’t hide skin imperfections, but that’s another topic for conversation.
TRANSCENDENTAL
There is a good understandable word "incomprehensible". And when, outside of philosophical debate, one wants to give speeches intellectual depth, some flaunt the Latin "transcendent" (transcendentis) with the same meaning. And now the speaker or writer and his audience begin to search for and discuss transcendental meanings, connections, feelings...
TRIVIAL
Banal, boring, ordinary, primitive, ordinary - that's how many synonyms the adjective "trivial" has. It has French ancestry, and in the native language trivial means the same thing - something ordinary. Fewer interlocutors with trivial thoughts and anecdotes, theater productions and film premieres with a trivial plot!
EXISTENTIAL
Another philosophical concept associated with being, human life. The Latin word existentia is translated as "existence". There are many things that influence our days, but the use of the epithet "existential" adds to these "agents of influence" of universal scale. Existential problems, crises, experiences are phenomena that exist at the heart of the world, manifest in reality and are often beyond the control of human will.
Conclusion
In general, if not all new words could immediately fit into your head, we advise you to compile a dictionary of complex intellectual words for conversation that few people know, with their meaning, of course, and use them as often as possible - in correspondence, when writing in a diary, in a conversation . Only in this way it will not become empty information that you will forget about when you close this page. And by the way: do not think that this is shameful or feigned. It is not at all shameful to look for and memorize tricky words with definitions in order to seem smart. After all, the request “complex words with explanations for smart people” is very common in Runet. Note that for already “smart people”, stupid people will not even look for this.
