One day of the military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR. "execution house" The building of the military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR

She also supervised the work of military tribunals. It was located in Moscow in house No. 23 on Nikolskaya Street (since 1935 - October 25 Street). From 1948 to 1948, the permanent head of the Military Collegium was the military lawyer (then Colonel General of Justice) V.V. Ulrich. Later, A. A. Cheptsov (1948-1957), V. V. Borisoglebsky (1957-1964) and N. F. Chistyakov (1964-1971) held this position.

From 1975 to 1989, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR was headed by Lieutenant General of Justice G. I. Bushuev. Under his leadership, the collegium began work to review the unjust sentences passed in the 1930s-1950s and to rehabilitate the victims of the Stalinist regime.

The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR existed until 1991. Among the unusual and high-profile cases considered by the board are the Case of Powers, an American pilot, the Case of Valery Sablin, a Soviet officer who, for ideological reasons, started a riot on a Baltic Fleet warship in 1975; high-profile spy cases, including the Penkovsky Case, the Polyakov Case, the Popov Case and others.

After 1991, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation became the legal successor.

In the period from October 1, 1936 to September 30, 1938, the All-Russian Military Commission issued sentences to capital punishment (execution) against 38,955 people, and to imprisonment against 5,643 people in 60 cities of the country.

Chairman of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR - Ulrich V.V., military lawyer.

Those sentenced to VMN in Moscow were shot on the day of sentencing in the VKVS building [ ] . The bodies of those executed were buried on the territory of the Kommunarka training ground and the Donskoye cemetery. The executions were led by NKVD commandant V.M. Blokhin.

Among the victims of the death sentences handed down to “enemies of the people” were writers I. E. Babel, I. I. Kataev, B. A. Pilnyak, director V. E. Meyerhold, marshals M. N. Tukhachevsky and A. I. Egorov, members Politburo N. I. Bukharin, G. E. Zinoviev, L. B. Kamenev and others.

In 1937-1938 VKVS sentences were passed in accordance with lists compiled by the NKVD and signed by the top leadership of the USSR. The lists contained lists of persons who were planned to be sentenced by the All-Russian Military Commission of the USSR with the sanction of J.V. Stalin and his closest associates in the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks to various punishments - in the overwhelming majority - to execution. Persons on the lists were divided into the first (VMN), second (10 - 15 years of imprisonment or ITL) and third (5 - 8 years of ITL) categories, depending on the planned punishment. The lists signed by members of the Politburo were transferred to the HCWS. Each category reflected the maximum permissible punishment for the person assigned to it. The judicial procedure was simplified to the extreme: the hearing took place without witnesses and lasted on average 5-10 minutes (in rare cases up to half an hour). During this time, three judges had to have time to “explain to the defendant his rights, announce the indictment […] explain the essence of the charge, find out the attitude of the accused towards the “crimes committed”, listen to his testimony and the last word […] visit the deliberation room, write the verdict there and, returning to the courtroom, announce it ... "Death sentences were not announced to the defendants - they learned about their fate immediately before execution. The “list” mechanism of conviction in the HCWS was also used after 1938.

Appealing the verdicts was practically impossible due to the secrecy of most cases. In total, during the pre-war years, according to the lists of the Politburo of the Central Committee, 30-35 thousand people were shot.

The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR was located in Moscow, on Nikolskaya Street, 23. the house became a monument - an object of cultural heritage of regional significance. Negotiations with the owner about creating a museum there were interrupted after the head fled, the bank came under the control of VTB, then the owner of the building was Veresk LLC. The subject of protection, approved by the Moscow City Heritage in August 2013. On July 15, 2016, the Perovsky District Court of Moscow, based on materials sent to the court by the Department of Cultural Heritage of the city of Moscow, found Veresk LLC guilty of committing an administrative offense and brought to justice in the form of an administrative fine in the amount of 100,000 rubles.

In September 2016, information appeared in the media that one of the largest suppliers of luxury perfumes, the manager of the Esterk Lux Parfum company, Vladimir Davidi (the new owner of the house), intends to open a so-called “ premium department store." Restoration work has not yet begun, the house is empty. On April 6, 2017, the Urban Planning and Land Commission of the City of Moscow (GZK) agreed with the preparation of documents for the restoration of the building. In March 2018, the Act of State Historical and Cultural Expertise of Project Documentation for the Preservation and Adaptation of OKN for Modern Use was approved. The project involves covering the courtyard and turning it into an “atrium”, deepening the basements, creating new doorways, etc.

The building belonged to the Khovanskys. First, they built a rectangular volume in the depths of the property, then a building appeared along the red line, and then they were connected in a square with a courtyard. In the 1770s, Kolchugin’s bookstore was located here, and since 1808 the house belonged to the city Crafts Council. She rented out premises.

Guide to Architectural Styles

From the early 1930s to the late 1940s, the building housed the Military College. Perhaps executions were carried out in the basements of this house. But it is more likely that the sentences were carried out in the house on the corner of Bolshaya and Varsonofevsky lanes.

For many years, the military board passed sentences on the most famous figures, be they artists or scientists, military or industrial leaders, clergy or lawyers... The military board in these years was the central node of the mechanism of repression... According to the memoirs of Lev Razgon, the most terrible answer that could be heard in the NKVD information office on Kuznetsky Most, this is the “information office of the Military Collegium.” The information office was located in the same house on Nikolskaya, and here thousands of people received the false answer “ten years without the right to correspond.”

The verdicts of the Military Collegium were handed down according to lists compiled by the NKVD and signed by the top leadership of the USSR. The lists contained lists of people who were planned to be convicted and their closest associates. The trial was simplified to the extreme: the hearing took place without witnesses and lasted 5-10 minutes (in rare cases up to half an hour). During this time, three judges had to explain to the defendant his rights and the nature of the charge, listen to his testimony, write a verdict in the deliberation room, return to the courtroom and announce it.

Death sentences were not announced to the defendants - they were learned about them before the execution. Appealing the verdict was virtually impossible due to the secrecy of most cases.

In March 1950, the Execution House was transferred to the Moscow city military registration and enlistment office. Then it became private property.

Mini-guide to China Town

In the 1990s, there was an idea to place a museum of repressions in the house of the Military College. They wanted to demolish the building and install a parking lot. We discussed a reconstruction option involving dismantling the interior walls and adding a glass sales area. But it unexpectedly turned out that the northern part of the house contains elements of walls from the 17th century. Now the building is hidden by scaffolding and awaiting restoration.

(1948-1957), V.V. Borisoglebsky (1957-1964) and N.F. Chistyakov (1964-1971).

Military Collegium Supreme Court of the USSR
USSR coat of arms
View	military board
Jurisdiction	Supreme Court of the USSR
Date of foundation	1923
Conference hall
Location	USSR USSR, Moscow
Address	25 Oktyabrya street, no. 23.

The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR existed until 1991. Among the unusual and high-profile cases considered by the board is the Case of Powers, an American pilot shot down near Sverdlovsk
May 1, 1960, Case of Valery Sablin, a Soviet officer who, for ideological reasons, started a mutiny on a Baltic Fleet warship in 1975; high-profile spy cases, including the Penkovsky Case, the Polyakov Case, the Popov Case and others.

After 1991, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation became the legal successor.

Activities during the Great Terror

Check information.

Composition of the All-Russian Military Command of the USSR during the years of the Great Terror:

Chairman of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR - Ulrich V.V., military lawyer.

Deputy Chairmen of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR:

Matulevich I. O., civil rights lawyer;
Nikitchenko I. T., military lawyer.

Members of the Military Collegium:

Alekseev G. A., brigade lawyer;
Bukanov V.V., military officer 1st rank;
Golyakov I. T., military lawyer;
Goryachev A.D., military lawyer;
Detistov I.V., brigade lawyer;
Dmitriev Ya. P., military lawyer;
Dmitriev L. D., brigade lawyer;
Ievlev B.I., military lawyer;
Zhdan S.N., brigade lawyer;
Zaryanov I.M., brigade lawyer;
Kalashnikov S. M., brigade lawyer;
Cameron P. A., military lawyer;
Kandybin D. Ya., military lawyer;
Karavaikov F. F., brigade lawyer;
Kitin I. G., brigade lawyer
Klimin F.A., brigade lawyer;
Kolpakov V. A., military lawyer;
Lerner M. Ya., brigade lawyer;
Mazyuk A.I., military lawyer;
Marchenko I.P. brigade lawyer;
Milyanovsky B.V., military lawyer;
Orlov A. M., court lawyer;
Pavlenko, Colonel of Justice;
Plavnek L. Ya., court lawyer;
Preobrazhentsev S.V., brigade lawyer;
Romanychev M. G., brigade lawyer;
Rychkov N. M., military lawyer;
Rutman Ya. Ya., brigade lawyer;
Stelmakhovich A.D., brigade lawyer;
Stuchek V., Colonel of Justice;
Suslin A. G., military lawyer;
Syuldin V.V., brigade lawyer;
Tulin V.M., brigade lawyer;
Cheptsov A. A., Lieutenant General of Justice.

Secretaries of the board:

Butner A. A., military officer 1st rank;
Kozlov, military officer 2nd rank;
Kondratiev I.P., military officer 1st rank;
Kostyushko A.F., military officer of the 1st rank;
Shur, military officer 3rd rank

Executions

Victims

Conviction by lists

Location

The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR was located in Moscow, on Nikolskaya Street, 23. architectural monument (regional)

In the 1980s, the idea arose to create a Museum of the History of Soviet Terror in the “Execution House”; at that moment the house belonged to the military registration and enlistment office. In the 1990s, the military registration and enlistment office was transferred, and the house was sold, after which it belonged to a subsidiary of the Bank of Moscow; in 2011, during the reorganization of the bank, the building became the property of Sibneftegaz OJSC, a subsidiary of Itera.

Notes

According to the Law on the Judicial System of the USSR of 1938, the Supreme Court of the USSR was defined as the highest judicial body of the country and acted as part of: a) the Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases; b) Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases; c) Military Collegium; d) Railway Board; d) Water Transport Board.
Yatskova A. History of the Soviet court // “Domestic Notes”, 2003, No. 2.
Zhudro K.S. About military courts and military judges // Journal “Judge”, February 2012.
Secret tragedies of Soviet history Archived copy dated June 30, 2013 on the Wayback Machine
- lists of persons convicted by the HCWS with the sanction of the Politburo in 1937-1938.
Stalin's execution lists
Muranov A. I., Zvyagintsev V. E. The trial of the judges (Ulrich's special folder). - Kazan, 1993. - P. 68.
Roginsky A. B. Afterword. // Execution lists. Moscow, 1937-1941. "Kommunarka" - Butovo. Book of memory of victims of political repression. - M.: Links, 2000. - P. 494-496. - ISBN 5-7870-0044-7
List dated January 16, 1940
The fact that these cases were considered in a simplified manner is confirmed, for example, by a letter from the People's Commissar of Justice of the USSR N. M. Rychkov, the Prosecutor of the USSR M. I. Pankratiev and the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the USSR I. T. Golyakov to Stalin and Molotov dated December 3, 1939, which raised the question of the procedure for reviewing certain sentences. They wrote: “The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, especially during 1937 and 1938, considered a large number of court cases on counter-revolutionary crimes as a court of first instance. These cases were considered in a simplified manner and, as a rule, without calling witnesses” (AP RF. F. 3. Op. 57. D. 38. L. 179). The problem with the revision was that, according to the law, only the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR, consisting of 30 people, could do this, which, according to the authors of the letter, is undesirable, because it could lead to the disclosure of the materials of these cases. “Cases of this category,” it was further written, “are top secret, and materials related to these cases constitute a particularly important state secret.” Therefore, it was proposed to use a “narrow composition” of the Supreme Court of three people with the personal participation of the USSR Prosecutor to review cases (Ibid. L. 180-181). On December 7, 1939, Beria, responding to this letter, noted: “...these cases were considered by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR in the period 1937-1938 on the basis of the Law of December 1, 1934, which provides for the consideration of cases without calling witnesses,” and concluded that violating the established procedure is impractical and the review of such cases should remain the prerogative of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR (Ibid. L.182). Even after Stalin’s death, his successors were in no hurry to abandon summary proceedings and used this procedure, for example, in December 1953 when convicting Beria, although this is perhaps an isolated example. The law of December 1, 1934 was repealed by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR only on April 19, 1956.
See: Collection of legislative and regulatory acts on repression and rehabilitation of victims of political repression. - M.:

And others

TOP SECRET

SENTENCE IN THE NAME OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE USSR Contains:

Chairman - Colonel General of Justice

‎ ULRICH V.V.

Members: Major General of Justice F.F. KARAVAYKOV And

‎ Lieutenant Colonel of Justice P.T. KLOPOV

Under the Secretary - Lieutenant Colonel of Justice M.S. POCHITALIN

‎ In an open court hearing, in Moscow, with the participation of the state prosecution: represented by the Deputy Prosecutor General of the USSR, Lieutenant General of Justice VAVILOV A.P. and Colonel of Justice P.A. KULCHITSKY, defense represented by Moscow lawyers KAZNACHEEV S.K., BELOV N.P., CHIZHOV K.D. and SIDORENKO N.T.

‎ 1/ Grigory Mikhailovich SEMENOV, born in 1890, native of the village of Durulguevskaya, Trans-Baikal region, Russian, former commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Russian Eastern outskirts, lieutenant general of the White Army;

‎ 2/ Konstantin Vladimirovich RODZAEVSKY, born in 1907, native of Blagoveshchensk, Russian, journalist by profession;

‎ 3/ BAKSHEEVA Alexey Proklovich, born in 1873, native of the village of Atamanovka, Transbaikal region, Russian, former lieutenant general of the White Army;

‎ 4/ Lev Filippovich VLASIEVSKY, born in 1884, native of the village of Pervy Chindant, Akshinsky district, Chita region, former major general of the White Army;

‎ 5/ SHEPUNOV Boris Nikolaevich, born in 1897, native of Elizavetopol, now Ganja, Russian, formerly. white army officer;

‎ 6/ Lev Pavlovich OKHOTINA, born in 1911, native of Chita, Russian, employee, -

‎ - all six in crimes under Articles 58.4, 58-6 Part 1, 58-8, 58-9, 58-10 Part II and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR;

‎ 7/ MIKHAILOV Ivan Adrianovich, born in 1891, native of the village of Ust-Kara, Merchinsky district, Chita region, Russian, former minister of the counter-revolutionary government of Kolchak and

‎ 8/ UKHTOMSKY Nikolai Aleksandrovich, born in 1895, native of Simbirsk, now Ulyanovsk, Russian, former prince, journalist, both in crimes provided for in articles 58-4, 58-6 part 1, 58-10 part. II and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR.

Having fled to the Far East at the end of 1917, SEMENOV, together with the officers of the tsarist army BAKSHEEV - a participant in the suppression of the Boxer uprising in China and VLASIEVSKY, established a criminal connection with the Japanese military command and, under his leadership and with Japanese funds, created from the officers, White Cossacks and other hostile Soviet power elements of the white army.

Units of this army under the command of SEMENOV, BAKSHEEV and VLASIEVSKY in 1918 waged an armed struggle against partisan detachments and the Red Army in Transbaikalia, organized punitive expeditions, burned villages and hamlets, committed mass executions, robberies and abuses of civilians who supported Soviet power.

The leader of the partisan movement in the Far East, Sergei LAZO, was burned alive in the furnace of a steam locomotive by the White Guards and the Japanese, for whose villainous murder SEMENOV and his associates BAKSHEEV and VLASIEVSKY were directly responsible.

Having curry favor with the Japanese through their active struggle against Soviet power, SEMENOV and BAKSHEYEV, on instructions from the Japanese interventionists, created a counter-revolutionary government in Chita in 1919, established a military dictatorship in the Transbaikal region, brutally suppressed all revolutionary uprisings, and mercilessly punished the population for evading forced mobilization for service in the Soviet Union. the white army and for refusing to supply food, fodder, and horse stock.

In 1920, SEMENOV, by order of KOLCHAK, took command of all the armed forces of the Russian eastern outskirts and agreed with the Japanese invaders to secede Soviet Primorye from Russia and transfer it to the Japanese, for which he received from them money, weapons and ammunition for the fight against the Soviet authorities.

At the direction of the Japanese government, SEMENOV took an active part in the formation in Vladivostok of the puppet, so-called Amur government, designed to subordinate Primorye to Japanese interests and provide a springboard for the further seizure of the Far Eastern part of the territory of Soviet Russia up to Lake Baikal.

After the defeat of the Japanese interventionists and the White Army, SEMENOV, BAKSHEYEV, VLASIEVSKY and SHEPUNOV fled to Manchuria and, under the leadership of the Japanese, continued to actively fight against the USSR.

On instructions from Japanese intelligence, they created a number of anti-Soviet organizations - “Monarchical Union”, “Union of Cossacks in the Far East”, “Russian All-Military Union”, “Bureau for Russian Emigrants in Manchuria” and other similar organizations.

The defendants in the present case subsequently took an active part in the anti-Soviet activities of SEMENOV and his closest assistants: RODZAEVSKY, who in 1925 fled from the USSR to Manchuria and created there the so-called “Russian Fascist Party”; MIKHAILOV, former minister of the Kolchak government; former Prince UKHTOMSKY and son of policeman OKHOTIN.

Being Japanese agents, these defendants, under the leadership of Japanese intelligence, created espionage, sabotage and terrorist groups and transferred them to the Soviet Union to carry out enemy work, and also formed armed detachments from among the White Guards to attack the Soviet Union as part of the Japanese army.

The materials of the case established that the Japanese military, which for a number of years had been preparing a military attack on the Soviet Union with the aim of seizing its territory, set itself the task of attracting and using White emigrants and their leaders in the implementation of the aggressive plans planned by the Japanese General Staff.

Defendant SEMENOV, being the leader of the White Guard formations in Manchuria, maintained a personal connection with the inspirers of Japanese aggressive plans, Generals TANAKA, ARAKI and others, and participated in the development of a plan for the separation of Eastern Siberia from the USSR and the organization on this territory of the so-called “buffer state” led by SEMENOV .

After seizing the territory of Manchuria in 1931 and turning it into a springboard against the USSR, the Japanese General Staff began to speed up preparations for a war against the Soviet Union and, in connection with this, proposed, through the head of the 2nd Department of the Kwantung Army Headquarters, Colonel ISIMURA, to intensify the anti-Soviet activities of White Guard organizations and the preparation of formations from white emigrants.

In 1938, during the period of the Japanese General Staff's action against the Red Army at Lake Khasan, and then in 1939 against the MPR and the Red Army in the Kholkhin Gol region, SEMENOV, through an officer of the Japanese General Staff, Major YAMOOKA, was given instructions to be ready in the event of successful development of operations invade Soviet territory with White émigré units to strengthen the Japanese occupation regime.

Having been defeated at Lake Khasan and on the Kholkhin Gol River, the Japanese invaders did not, however, abandon their aggressive intentions and in 1940 developed a new plan for an attack on the USSR, providing for the seizure of the Soviet Far East.

As a witness, former Vice Minister of War of Japan, Lieutenant General TOMINAGA, testified in court, this plan was reported by him in the presence of the Chief of the Japanese General Staff, Prince Kanin, to Emperor HIROHITO in his personal residence and a few days later approved by the Emperor.

At the same time, TOMINAGA pointed out that the operational plan for a military attack on the USSR provided for the widespread use of White Guards living in Manchuria, China, Korea and Japan.

After Germany’s treacherous attack on the Soviet Union, the Japanese General Staff, in collusion with the German command, in 1941 developed a special plan for a military attack on the Soviet Union with the participation of the White Guards, similar to the German Barbarossa plan, conventionally called “Kan-Toku-En” ( special maneuvers of the Kwantung Army).

Witness Lieutenant General TOMINAGA testified in court that the Kan-Toku-En plan was developed in mid-1941 and approved by the Japanese Minister of War, General TOJIO, under whose direct supervision military preparations related to the plan were carried out against the Soviet Union.

This was also confirmed in court by a witness, the former head of the central Japanese military mission in Manchuria, Lieutenant General YANAGITA, who testified that in the Kan-Toku-En plan, developed at the direction of the Japanese government, which aimed to seize the Soviet Far East, a significant role was assigned to the White Guards, living in the Far East.

Similar testimony was given by witnesses - the former head of the intelligence department of the Kwantung Army, Colonel ASADA, the former head of the Japanese military mission in the city of Dairen, Captain TAKEOKA.

In accordance with the general aggressive plans of Japan directed against the USSR, the defendants SEMENOV, BAKSHEEV, VLASIEVSKY, RODZAEVSKY, SHEPUNOV and OKHOTIN, betting on the overthrow of Soviet power with the help of Japan, united the disparate White Guard organizations as part of the "Bureau for Russian Emigrants" (“BREM”) and launched active efforts to train armed personnel from among the White Guards for an attack on the Soviet Union.

Beginning in 1932, on behalf of the Japanese, military units, special Cossack units, and police security detachments were formed.

At the end of 1943, “Russian military detachments” of the Manchukuo army were created, which included cavalry, infantry and individual Cossack units. In addition, a Cossack corps was formed, the commander of which the Japanese appointed defendant BAKSHEEV, reporting directly to the head of the Japanese military mission in Hailar, Lieutenant Colonel TAKI.

By obtaining espionage information about the Soviet Union through his agents sent to the territory of the USSR, SEMENOV passed this information on to the Japanese and regularly received monetary rewards from them, which is confirmed, in addition to his personal confession and the testimony of the witness TAKEOKA, by authentic receipts issued by SEMENOV to Japanese intelligence agencies.

In organizing espionage and sabotage against the Soviet Union, defendants RODZAEVSKY and his assistant in the so-called “Russian Fascist Union” OKHOTIN played an active role.

Defendants SHEPUNOV, MIKHAILOV and UKHTOMSKY, being officials of Japanese intelligence and police, for a number of years, until their arrest in the fall of 1945, recruited spies, sent them to the territory of the Soviet Union, organized surveillance of Soviet citizens who came to Manchuria, collected information concerning the Far Eastern Soviet defense in connection with the attack on the USSR by Nazi Germany, and transmitted this information to the Japanese military mission in Harbin.

In order to attract the White Guards to the active struggle against the Soviet Union, SEMENOV, RODZAEVSKY, MIKHAILOV, UKHTOMSKY, VLASIEVSKY and others, at the direction of the Japanese and at their expense, throughout their anti-Soviet activities, published anti-Soviet newspapers, magazines, leaflets and brochures, filled with hatred against Soviet power and containing calls for the unification of white emigrants to fight against Soviet power and provide comprehensive assistance to the Japanese in their aggressive intentions against the USSR.

After Germany's military attack on the Soviet Union, the defendants intensified their anti-Soviet activities even more, concentrated the leadership of all anti-Soviet propaganda among White emigrants in the hands of RODZAEVSKY, who, at the direction of the Japanese, organized the publication of a number of new anti-Soviet newspapers to prepare White emigrants for an armed uprising against the USSR.

The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR found proven the guilt of each of the defendants in committing the following crimes:

1. SEMENOV in 1917, after the formation of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, while in Petrograd, tried to organize a coup, overthrow the Soviet government, arrest V.I. LENIN, members of the Petrograd Soviet and deal with them, thus decapitating the Bolshevik leadership of the socialist revolution.

After a failed attempt to carry out a coup, SEMENOV, on the instructions of the former Minister of War MURAVYEV, left for Transbaikalia, and then to the Far East, where since 1918, under the leadership of the Japanese military command, he organized an active armed struggle against Soviet power, having constant communication and communication with representatives the Japanese command and the heads of Japanese consulates and missions in the person of SATO, Lieutenant Colonel KURASAWA, Major KUROKI, KATO and others, who provided assistance to SEMENOV with money, weapons and uniforms.

SEMENOV actively fought against units of the Red Army and partisan detachments led by Sergei LAZO, sent punitive detachments to the regions of Transbaikalia and the Far East and carried out reprisals against the civilian Soviet population who supported Soviet power.

In 1919, at the direction of the Japanese, SEMENOV created a counter-revolutionary government in Chita, established a military dictatorship in Transbaikalia, brutally suppressed revolutionary protests in favor of Soviet power, forcibly mobilized the population to serve in the White Army, and also organized the forced confiscation of food and fodder and horse stock.

SEMENOV mercilessly persecuted and exterminated everyone who resisted this.

At the end of 1920, SEMENOV, together with representatives of Japan, took part in the formation of the Amur puppet government in Vladivostok, in which SEMENOV was assigned the role of head of government.

After the defeat of the White Army, SEMENOV fled to the territory of Manchuria and for more than two decades was the leader and head of the Russian White emigrants who settled in Manchuria.

Being personally connected with the inspirers of Japanese aggressive plans, Generals TANAKA, ARAKI and others, SEMENOV, according to their instructions, participated in the development of a plan for an armed attack on the Soviet Union and was intended by the Japanese as the head of the so-called “buffer state.”

SEMENOV personally participated in the preparation of the Japanese capture of Manchuria and its transformation into a springboard for an attack on the USSR.

Being an active Japanese spy, SEMENOV, on instructions from Japanese intelligence, sent spies and saboteurs to the USSR, whom he instructed to establish contact with the agents he left in the Soviet Union and, with their help, organize rebel groups and commit acts of sabotage.

For espionage activities against the Soviet Union, SEMENOV regularly received large monetary rewards from the Japanese.

Along with carrying out extensive espionage work against the USSR, SEMENOV, as the leader of the White emigrants in the Far East, conducted active anti-Soviet activities throughout the entire period of his stay abroad, calling on the White Guards to unite and actively fight for the overthrow of Soviet power and for the creation on the territory of the Soviet Union fascist regime.

In 1934, on instructions from the Japanese, SEMENOV created the “Bureau for Russian Emigrants in Manchuria” (BREM), which was the center for the unification of the White Guards and the governing body of the active enemy work of the White emigrants against the USSR.

The Bureau for Russian Emigrants, led by SEMENOV, prepared and sent a large number of spies, saboteurs and terrorists to the Soviet Union, organized military training of the White Guards for armed struggle against the Soviet Union, and also conducted widespread anti-Soviet propaganda.

2. RODZAEVSKY, having anti-Soviet convictions, fled from the USSR to Manchuria in 1925 and for 20 years carried out active anti-Soviet activities there.

In 1926, while in Harbin, RODZAEVSKY created the so-called “Russian Fascist Organization” and, having taken a leading position in it, carried out anti-Soviet propaganda among the White Guards who were in Manchuria, compiling leaflets, brochures and books with anti-Soviet content, and made reports on anti-Soviet topics and was involved in recruiting new members to the organization.

Under the leadership of RODZAEVSKY, in 1931, a congress of “Russian fascists of the Far East” was held in Harbin, at which the fascist program developed by RODZAEVSKY was adopted and the so-called Supreme Council of the “Russian Fascist Party” was established, later renamed the “Russian Fascist Party” Union" (RFS). From that time on, RODZAEVSKY was active in creating fascist groups in Manchuria, China, as well as in Europe and America.

Closely associated with the leaders of Japanese aggressive policy, Generals ARAKI, KOISO and others, RODZAEVSKY was initiated into the Japanese plan for war against the USSR and prepared the White Guards for an attack on the Soviet Union together with the Japanese.

On instructions from Japanese intelligence in 1931, RODZAEVSKY organized and took personal part in provocative “incidents” that were organized by the Japanese as a pretext for the occupation of Manchuria.

Under the leadership of the Japanese, RODZAEVSKY published anti-Soviet newspapers and magazines in Manchuria, and also trained spies and terrorists from among the RFU, who were transferred to the USSR for espionage work and committing terrorist acts.

In 1937, RODZAEVSKY worked to unite fascist organizations in different countries with the aim of creating a single anti-Soviet bloc.

Since 1943, RODZAEVSKY served as deputy head of the Bureau of Russian Emigrants in Manchuria and led anti-Soviet activities among the White Guards.

RODZAEVSKY, in addition to Japanese intelligence agencies, was also associated with German intelligence and used funds received from the Germans for anti-Soviet work.

3. BAKSHEEV and

4. VLASIEVSKY in 1918, having voluntarily enlisted in the White Army of Ataman SEMENOV, actively fought against Soviet power.

BAKSHEEV, being the deputy of Ataman SEMENOV and the chairman of the Cossack government of Transbaikalia, issued orders for the forced mobilization of the population into White Guard detachments, was engaged in the requisition of food, fodder and horse stock from the civilian population, created punitive squads in the villages that actively fought the partisan movement, and VLASIEVSKY held the position head of the Cossack department of the White Army headquarters, directing the formation of White Cossack units for the armed struggle against the Red Army.

Having fled to the territory of Manchuria in 1920, BAKSHEEV and VLASIEVSKY continued to conduct active anti-Soviet activities.

BAKSHEEV, on instructions from Japanese intelligence, formed and headed the anti-Soviet “Union of Cossacks of the Far East,” which consisted of two separate divisions, five regiments and one hundred, which were prepared by the Japanese for the armed struggle against the USSR.

In 1934, at the direction of the Japanese, BAKSHEEV and VLASIEVSKY, together with SEMENOV, created an anti-Soviet organization called the “Bureau for Russian Emigrants in Manchuria,” which trained terrorists, spies and saboteurs who were thrown into Soviet territory.

BAKSHEEV from 1935, and VLASIEVSKY from 1943 until the day of his arrest headed the “Main Bureau for Russian Emigrants”, at the same time taking an active part in the preparation of the armed attack on the USSR planned by the Japanese, and for these purposes they created armed detachments from among the White Guards.

On SEMYONOV’s instructions, VLASIEVSKY personally recruited agents, who were then sent to the USSR on espionage missions.

5. SHEPUNOV in 1917, as part of the “Wild Division,” took part in the counter-revolutionary Kornilov rebellion and the attack on Petrograd, and then in the Socialist-Revolutionary-Menshevik uprising in Ashgabat, after which he voluntarily joined SEMENOV’s White Army, in which he led an armed struggle against Soviet troops.

Having fled to Manchuria in 1922, SHEPUNOV created the White Guard organization “Monarchical Union”, and also participated in the anti-Soviet White Guard organizations “Russian All-Military Union” and “Russian Fascist Party”.

In 1932, SHEPUNOV voluntarily enlisted in the Japanese police detachment at Pogranichnaya station, where he conducted searches and conducted investigations into the cases of persons arrested for activities against the Japanese. During interrogations, SHEPUNOV subjected those arrested to torture and beatings.

On instructions from Japanese intelligence, SHEPUNOV was engaged in recruiting spies and transferring them to the territory of the USSR for subversive work. SHEPUNOV supplied the spies being transferred to the USSR with anti-Soviet literature, intended for scattering in populated areas.

In 1938, SHEPUNOV was appointed by the Japanese as head of the Bureau of Russian Emigrants in Harbin and carried out active work to prepare White Guards to participate in the war on the side of Japan against the Soviet Union.

In 1941, on instructions from the Japanese, SHEPUNOV participated in the formation of a White Guard detachment, called the “Russian military detachment,” uniformed and armed by the Japanese and intended for an armed attack on the USSR.

6. Since 1928, OKHOTIN has been a member of fascist organizations created by the Japanese on the territory of Manchuria, and since 1937, he has been a member of the Supreme Council of the Russian Fascist Union and carried out active anti-Soviet activities.

Since 1937, OKHOTIN was an agent of Japanese intelligence, and was subsequently appointed by the Japanese as deputy head of the intelligence school, where he trained spies, saboteurs and transferred them to the Soviet Union for subversive work.

In 1940, OKHOTIN was appointed an official of the Japanese military mission in Harbin and here, until the day of his arrest, he was also involved in training espionage personnel for enemy work against the USSR.

By their criminal actions, defendants SEMENOV, RODZAEVSKY, BAKSHEEV, VLASIEVSKY, SHEPUNOV and OKHOTIN committed crimes under Articles 58-4, 58-6 part 1, 58-8, 58-9, 58-10 part 2 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code RSFSR.

7.-8. MIKHAILOV, being the minister of the Siberian counter-revolutionary government and one of the organizers of the coup that led to the establishment of the Kolchak dictatorship in Siberia in November 1918, took an active part in organizing the armed struggle against the Red Army.

In 1920, MIKHAILOV and UKHTOMSKY fled to the territory of Manchuria and established contact with Ataman SEMENOV, together with whom they participated in the preparation of a counter-revolutionary rebellion in Primorye and the creation of the so-called Amur Government.

While in Manchuria, MIKHAILOV organized the publication of an anti-Soviet newspaper and conducted enemy work against the USSR, and UKHTOMSKY was a correspondent for the newspaper, publishing slanderous articles about the Soviet Union and calling on the White Guards to actively fight against Soviet power.

MIKHAILOV since 1925, and UKHTOMSKY since 1930, were agents of Japanese intelligence and, on the instructions of the latter, recruited agents who carried out espionage activities against the USSR.

UKHTOMSKY, in addition, in 1941, on the instructions of the Japanese military mission in Harbin, created a special organization from among the White Guards, engaged in the dissemination of various kinds of provocative fabrications about the Soviet Union.

MIKHAILOV and UKHTOMSKY were connected not only with Japanese intelligence, but also with other foreign intelligence services, and regularly supplied them with espionage information concerning the Soviet Union.

With their criminal actions, MIKHAILOV and UKHTOMSKY committed crimes under Articles 58-4, 58-6 part 1, 58-10 part 2 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR.

Based on all of the above, guided by Art. 319 and 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR, Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR.

SENTENCED:

1. SEMENOVA: Grigory Mikhailovich on the totality of the crimes he committed, provided for in Art. 58-4, 58-6 part 1, 58-8, 58-9, 58-10 part 2 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, as the worst enemy of the Soviet people and the most active accomplice of the Japanese aggressors, through whose fault tens of thousands of Soviet people, on the basis of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated April 19, 1943, - to death by hanging with confiscation of all property belonging to him.

2. RODZAEVSKY Konstantin Vladimirovich

3. BAKSHEEVA Alexey Proklovich,

4. VLASIEVSKY Lev Filippovich,

5. SHEPUNOVA Boris Nikolaevich and

6. MIKHAILOVA Ivan Andrianovich in terms of the totality of the crimes they committed, provided for in Art. 58-4, 58-6 part I, 58-8, 58-9, 58-10 part 2 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR - to EXECUTE with confiscation of all property belonging to them.

7. UKHTOMSKY Nikolai Alexandrovich and

8. OKHOTINA Lev Pavlovich on the totality of the crimes they committed, provided for in Art. 58-4, 58-6 part I, 58-10 part 2 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, and OKHOTINA in addition Art. 58-8 and 58-9 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, taking into account their comparatively smaller role in anti-Soviet activities, guided by the resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 31, 1943 - to hard labor - UKHTOMSKY for TWENTY years, and OKHOTINA - for FIFTEEN years with confiscation of everything property belonging to them.

The term of punishment shall be calculated to N.A. UKHTOMSKY. - from September 13, 1945, and L.P. KHOTIN - since September 7, 1945.

The verdict is final and is not subject to cassation appeal.

Chairman V. Ulrich

Members F. Karavaikov

‎ P. Klopov

Secretary M. Pochitalin

Authentic with proper signatures

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Official seal of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR

‎ MILITARY BOARD OF THE UPPER COURT OF THE USSR

‎ Lieutenant Colonel of Justice

‎ signature

‎ (Pochitalin)

This work is not protected by copyright.
In accordance with Article 1259 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, official documents of state bodies and local self-government bodies of municipalities, including laws, other regulations, court decisions, other materials of a legislative, administrative and judicial nature, official documents of international organizations are not subject to copyright. , as well as their official translations, works of folk art (folklore), reports of events and facts that are purely informational in nature (news reports of the day, TV programs, vehicle schedules, etc.).

It was the highest judicial body in the USSR, from October 1, 1936 to September 30, 1938, it sentenced 30,514 people to death and 5,643 people to prison in 60 cities of the country.

Composition of the All-Russian Military Command of the USSR during the years of the Great Terror: Chairman of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR - Ulrich V.V. (armed military lawyer).

Deputy Chairmen of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR:

Matulevich I. O. (court lawyer);
Nikitchenko I. T. (military lawyer).

Members of the Military Collegium:

Alekseev G. A. (brigade lawyer);
Bukanov V.V. (military lawyer 1st rank);
Golyakov I. T. (military lawyer);
Goryachev A. D. (military lawyer);
Detistov I.V. (brigvoenyurist);
Dmitriev Ya. P. (military lawyer);
Dmitriev L. D. (brigade lawyer, Major General of Justice);
Ievlev B.I. (military lawyer);
Zhdan S.N. (brigvoenurist);
Zaryanov I. M. (brigade lawyer);
Kalashnikov S. M. (brigade lawyer);
Cameron P. A. (divisional lawyer);
Kandybin D. Ya. (brigvoenyurist, divvoenyurist);
Karavaikov F. F. (brigvoenurist, Major General of Justice);
Kitin I.G. (brigvoenurist);
Klimin F.A. (military lawyer 1st rank, brigade military lawyer);
Kolpakov V. A. (military lawyer);
Lerner M. Ya. (brigvoenurist);
Mazgok A.I. (military lawyer);
Mazyuk A.I. (military lawyer);
Marchenko I. P. (brigvoenyurist);
Milyanovsky B.V. (military lawyer);
Orlov A. M. (court lawyer, Major General of Justice);
Pavlenko (Colonel of Justice);
Plavnek L. Ya. (court lawyer);
Preobrazhentsev S.V. (brigvoenyurist);
Romanychev M. G. (brigade lawyer);
Rychkov N. M. (military lawyer);
Rutman Ya. Ya. (brigvoenurist);
Stelmakhovich A. D. (brigvoenyurist);
Stuchek V. (Colonel of Justice);
Suslin A. G. (military lawyer, major general of justice);
Syuldin V.V. (brigade lawyer, colonel of justice);
Cheptsov A. A. (Lieutenant General of Justice)

Secretaries of the board:

Butner A. A. (military lawyer 1st rank);
Kozlov (military officer 2nd rank);
Kondratyev I.P. (military lawyer 1st rank);
Kostyushko A.F. (military officer 1st rank).

Executions

Those sentenced to VMN in Moscow were shot on the day of sentencing in the building of the All-Russian Military Commission for Military Commissariat. The bodies of those executed were buried on the territory of the Kommunarka training ground and the Donskoye cemetery. The executions were led by NKVD commandant V.M. Blokhin.

Conviction by lists

Main article: Firing lists

In 1937 - 1938 VKVS sentences were passed in accordance with lists compiled by the NKVD and signed by the top leadership of the USSR. The lists contained lists of persons who were planned to be sentenced by the All-Russian Military Commission of the USSR with the sanction of J.V. Stalin and his closest associates in the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks to various punishments - in the overwhelming majority - to execution. Persons on the lists were divided into the first (VMN), second (10 - 15 years of imprisonment or ITL) and third (5 - 8 years of ITL) categories, depending on the planned punishment. The lists signed by members of the Politburo were transferred to the HCWS. Each category reflected the maximum permissible punishment for the person assigned to it. The judicial procedure was simplified to the extreme: the hearing took place without witnesses and lasted on average 5-10 minutes (in rare cases up to half an hour). During this time, three judges had to have time to “explain to the defendant his rights, announce the indictment […] explain the essence of the charge, find out the attitude of the accused towards the “crimes committed”, listen to his testimony and the last word […] visit the deliberation room, write the verdict there and, returning to the courtroom, announce it ... ". Death sentences were not announced to the defendants - they learned about their fate immediately before execution. The “list” mechanism of conviction in the HCVC was also used after 1938. Appealing against verdicts was practically impossible due to the secrecy of most cases. In total, during the pre-war years, according to the lists of the Politburo of the Central Committee, 30-35 thousand people were shot.

Modernity

In the 1980s, the idea arose to create a Museum of the History of Soviet Terror in the Execution House; at that moment, the house belonged to the military registration and enlistment office. In the 1990s, the military registration and enlistment office was moved and the house was sold. Now it belongs to a subsidiary of the Bank of Moscow.

In 2006, Moscow Heritage Committee assigned the status of a newly identified cultural heritage monument to the house on Nikolskaya, 23.

Notes

Links

“Memorial” - for the special status of the house of the USSR All-Russian Military Forces on Nikolskaya Street
Video of the International Historical, Educational, Charitable and Human Rights Society “Memorial” dedicated to the Execution House

Institutes of State Power and Administration of the USSR

Adviсe

Allied bodies
Republican bodies
Local authorities	Regional Council of People's Deputies Regional Council of People's Deputies Council of People's Deputies of the Autonomous Region Council of People's Deputies of the Autonomous Okrug District Council of People's Deputies City Council of People's Deputies Village Council of People's Deputies Village Council of People's Deputies Executive Committee

Government

Other organs

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Portal for schoolchildren. Self-preparation

One day of the military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR. "execution house" The building of the military collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR

From the early 1930s to the late 1940s, the building housed the Military College. Perhaps executions were carried out in the basements of this house. But it is more likely that the sentences were carried out in the house on the corner of Bolshaya and Varsonofevsky lanes.

In March 1950, the Execution House was transferred to the Moscow city military registration and enlistment office. Then it became private property.

Activities during the Great Terror

Executions

Victims

Conviction by lists

Location

see also

Notes

Executions

Conviction by lists

Modernity

see also

Notes

see also

Links

See what the “Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR” is in other dictionaries:

Portal for schoolchildren. Self-preparation

From the early 1930s to the late 1940s, the building housed the Military College. Perhaps executions were carried out in the basements of this house. But it is more likely that the sentences were carried out in the house on the corner of Bolshaya and Varsonofevsky lanes.

In March 1950, the Execution House was transferred to the Moscow city military registration and enlistment office. Then it became private property.

Activities during the Great Terror

Executions

Victims

Conviction by lists

Location

see also

Notes

Executions

Conviction by lists

Modernity

see also

Notes

see also

Links

See what the “Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR” is in other dictionaries:

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