Gavriil Derzhavin is an outstanding Russian poet, playwright, prose writer and statesman. He was a true patriot of his Motherland, which he often extolled in his works.

His work had a great influence on the further development of Russian literature, which was recognized by all subsequent writers.

Biography of Derzhavin somewhat different from classical writers, and somewhat reminiscent of another great poet and diplomat -.

So, before you is the biography of Gabriel Derzhavin.

Childhood and youth

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin was born on July 3, 1743 in the village of Sokura, Kazan province. He grew up in a large family with a very modest income.

His father, Roman Nikolaevich, served as a second major. He died at an early age, so Gabriel hardly remembered him.

In this regard, the mother, Fekla Andreevna, had to work hard to feed her children.

Education

The first educational institution in Derzhavin's biography was the Orenburg school, after which he continued to study at the Kazan gymnasium.

Gabriel began to be interested in poetry from a young age. Most of all he liked the work of Trediakovsky and Sumarokov.

Remembering by heart many of the poems of these poets, he begins to compose poems himself. And it comes easily to him.

Army service

In 1762, Gavriil Derzhavin served as an ordinary guard in the Preobrazhensky Regiment.

Derzhavin in his youth

It is interesting that in the future the regiment will take an active part in the coup d'etat, as a result of which it will come to power.

The army service did not bring any pleasure to the future poet, since he did not have free time to write works.

In addition, Derzhavin became addicted to playing cards.

To beat his rivals, he had to engage in cheating. It is worth noting that because of this, he experienced serious remorse.

When, over time, he manages to leave this heavy addiction, Derzhavin will thank God for this.

Second marriage

In 1794, a tragedy occurred in Derzhavin's biography. His wife Catherine died, with whom he lived for 19 years.

A year later, the poet married Daria Dyakova. He also had no children in this marriage. As a result, the couple raised the children of their family friend, Pyotr Lazarev.

An interesting fact is that one of these children, Mikhail, in the future became a famous admiral, scientist, governor of Sevastopol and discoverer of the Arctic.

Career Peak

During the tenure of Paul 1, Derzhavin served as president of the College of Commerce and state treasurer.

When he became the next emperor, the poet ended up in the position of Minister of Justice. It is worth noting that both in the first and in the second case, he managed to perfectly cope with his duties.

In 1803 another important event took place in Derzhavin's biography. He decided to complete his state activities and devote himself entirely to literature.

Creativity Derzhavin

Shortly before his resignation, Gabriel Derzhavin lived for a long time on the estate that belonged to his second wife. There he wrote over 60 poems and published the first volume of his works.

Interestingly, in addition to unusually deep and philosophical poems, Derzhavin wrote several plays.

It is important to note that Derzhavin admired his work, who first met him at the lyceum exam. Then Gavriil Romanovich was among the members of the commission.

The still young Pushkin made a wonderful impression on him. Derzhavin even wanted to hug the unusually gifted entrant, but he hurriedly left the room where the exam was being held, as he was unable to hold back his tears.

Death

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin died on July 20, 1816 at the age of 73. He was buried in Veliky Novgorod in the Transfiguration Cathedral.

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Derzhavin, Gavriil Romanovich famous poet. Born July 3, 1743 in Kazan, in a family of small estate nobles. His father, an army officer, lived first in Yaransk, then in Stavropol, and finally in Orenburg. Derzhavin's parents did not have an education, but ... ... Biographical Dictionary

- - a famous poet, statesman and public figure of the second half of the past and the first quarter of this century (b. July 3, 1743, d. July 8, 1816). His ancestor, Tatar Murza Bagrim, in the 15th century, during the reign of Vasily ... ... Big biographical encyclopedia

Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich- Gavriil Romanovich (07/3/1743, Kazan (according to other sources, the village of Karmachi or Sokura near Kazan) 07/08/1816, the village of Zvanka, Novgorod district and provinces), poet, state. figure. From a small estate noble family of Tatars. origin. In 1759 1762 studied at… … Orthodox Encyclopedia

Derzhavin, Gabriel Romanovich- See also (1743 1716). At a public examination at the Lyceum (1814), young Pushkin read his Memoirs in Tsarskoe Selo in the presence of Derzhavin. The poet retained the memory of this, his first appearance in the literary field (Message Zhuk., 1816, ... ... Dictionary of literary types

famous poet; genus. July 3, 1743 in Kazan; By origin, he belonged to the small landed nobility. His father, an army officer, almost immediately after the birth of a child, had to move even further to the east on business and lived either in Yaransk or in ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Derzhavin, Gabriel Romanovich- (1743 1816) began his poetic activity with odes in which he tried to imitate Lomonosov. However, starting with Felitsa, an ode in honor of Catherine II, the solemn tone of Lomonosov's lyrics gradually gives way in Derzhavin's place to a more lively real ... Historical reference book of a Russian Marxist

Derzhavin, Gabriel Romanovich- See also (1743 1816). The first book that Goncharov came across outside the classroom were the works of D., which he copied and learned by heart (Autobiography) ... Dictionary of literary types

Gavriil Derzhavin Portrait by Borovikovsky Date of birth: July 3 (14), 1743 Place of birth: Kazan, Russian Empire Date of death: July 8 (20), 1816 Place of death: Zvanka estate ... Wikipedia

Gavriil Derzhavin Portrait by Borovikovsky Date of birth: July 3 (14), 1743 Place of birth: Kazan, Russian Empire Date of death: July 8 (20), 1816 Place of death: Zvanka estate ... Wikipedia

Books

• Crimea in Russian poetry and art. Anthology, Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, Annensky Innokenty Fedorovich, Benediktov Vladimir Grigorievich. Crimea - the "Mecca" of Russian poetry and Russian painting - is first presented in an anthology from the first Derzhavin ode of 1783 on the peaceful annexation of Crimea and the first paintings "by the artist Serene Serendipity ...
• Lyric-epic hymn to the expulsion of the French from the fatherland, Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. AT…

Derzhavin Gavrila Romanovich (1743-1816), Russian poet. Born into a poor noble family on July 3 (14), 1743 in the village of Karmachi, Kazan province. Derzhavin lost his father early, and his mother had to go to great humiliations in order to raise her two sons and provide them with a more or less decent education. In those years, it was not easy to find truly qualified teachers outside of St. Petersburg and Moscow. However, Derzhavin's perseverance and exceptional abilities helped him learn a lot, despite the difficult circumstances, poor health, semi-literate and strange teachers.

In 1759-1762. studied at the Kazan gymnasium. Derzhavin's childhood and youth made it completely impossible to guess in him the future genius and reformer of literature. The knowledge that the young Derzhavin received at the Kazan Gymnasium was fragmentary and chaotic. He knew German very well, but did not speak French. He read a lot, but had a vague idea of ​​the rules of versification. However, perhaps it was this fact that in the future made it possible for the great poet to write without thinking about the rules and violating them for the sake of his inspiration. Poet friends often tried to correct Derzhavin's lines, but he stubbornly defended his right to write as he pleased, not always following ossified rules.

Derzhavin began to write poetry while still at the gymnasium, but his studies were unexpectedly and prematurely interrupted. Due to a clerical error, the young man was called up to St. Petersburg for military service in 1762 a year ahead of schedule and, moreover, was recorded, although in the Preobrazhensky Guards Regiment, but as a soldier. In the same 1762, as part of a regiment, he participated in a palace coup that led to the accession of Catherine II. Due to the difficult financial situation, the lack of high patrons and an extremely quarrelsome disposition, Derzhavin had not only to wait ten years for an officer's rank, but even, unlike other noble children, lived in the barracks for quite a long time. There was not much time left for poetry, but the young man composed humorous poems that were popular among his fellow soldiers, wrote letters at the request of the soldiers, and, for the sake of his own self-education, studied Trediakovsky, Sumarokov and especially Lomonosov, who at that time was his idol and an example to follow. I read Derzhavin and German poets, trying to translate their poems and trying to follow them in my own writings. However, the career of a poet did not seem to him at that moment the main business of his life. After the long-awaited promotion to an officer, Derzhavin tried to advance in the service, hoping in this way to improve his financial affairs and serve the fatherland faithfully.

Already an officer, in 1773-1774, Derzhavin took an active part in the suppression of the Pugachev uprising. It was by the 1970s that Derzhavin's poetic gift first truly manifested itself. In 1774, during the Pugachev uprising with his people not far from Saratov, near Mount Chatalagay, Derzhavin read the odes of the Prussian King Frederick II and translated four of them. The Chatalagay Odes published in 1776 attracted the attention of readers, although the works created in the 70s were not yet truly independent. Regardless of whether Derzhavin translated or composed his own odes, his work was still under the strong influence of Lomonosov and Sumarokov. Their high solemn language, strict adherence to the rules of classic versification fettered the young poet, who tried to write in a new way, but did not yet clearly realize how to do it.

Despite the activity shown during the Pugachev uprising, Derzhavin, all because of the same quarrelsome and quick-tempered temper, did not receive the long-awaited promotion. He was transferred from military service to civilian service, received as a reward only three hundred souls of peasants.

Significant changes in Derzhavin's life and work took place in the late 1970s. He did not serve long in the Senate, where he came to the conclusion that "it is impossible for him to get along there, where they do not like the truth." In 1778, he passionately fell in love at first sight and married Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bastidon, whom he would then sing for many years in his poems under the name of Plenira. A happy family life ensured the personal happiness of the poet. At the same time, friendly communication with other writers helped him develop natural talents. His friends - N.A. Lvov, V.A. Kapnist, I.I. Chemnitzer - were highly educated and fine art people. Friendly communication in their company was combined with deep discussions about ancient and new literature, vital for replenishing and deepening the education of Derzhavin himself. The literary environment helped the poet to better understand his goals and possibilities.

As Derzhavin himself wrote, from 1779 he chose "his own special path." The strict rules of classicist poetry no longer fettered his work. After composing "Ode to Felitsa" (1782), addressed to the Empress, he was awarded by Catherine II. Appointed governor of Olonets (since 1784) and Tambov (1785-88).

From that moment until 1791, the main genre in which Derzhavin worked and achieved the greatest success was the ode - a solemn poetic work, whose sonorous and measured form was always close to representatives of classic poetry. Derzhavin, however, managed to transform this traditional genre and breathe completely new life into it. It is no coincidence that the outstanding literary critic Yu.N. Tynyanov wrote about Derzhavin's "revolution".

Having been appointed Cabinet Secretary of Catherine II (1791-93), Derzhavin did not please the Empress and was dismissed from her service. Subsequently, in 1794, Derzhavin was appointed president of the College of Commerce. In 1802-1803. - Minister of Justice. From 1803 he was retired.

The new features that appeared in Derzhavin's work in the 1970s and 1980s intensified significantly in the last decades of his life. The poet refuses from odes, in his later works the lyrical beginning clearly prevails. Among the poems created by Derzhavin in the late XVIII - early XIX centuries. - friendly messages, humorous poems, love lyrics - genres that were placed in the classicist hierarchy much lower than odic poetry. The poet, who became almost a classic during his lifetime, is not at all embarrassed, since it is in this way that he can express his individuality in poetry. He sings of a simple life with its joys, friendship, love, mourns its short duration, mourns for departed loved ones.

Despite the innovative nature of Derzhavin's work, at the end of his life his literary environment consisted mainly of supporters of the preservation of the old Russian language and opponents of that light and elegant style, which Karamzin first began to write at the beginning of the 19th century, and then Pushkin. Since 1811, Derzhavin was a member of the literary society "Conversation of lovers of Russian literature", which defended the archaic literary style.

This did not prevent Derzhavin from understanding and highly appreciating the talent of the young Pushkin, whose poems he heard at the exam at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. The symbolic meaning of this event will become clear only later - the literary genius and innovator welcomed his younger successor.

Gavrila Romanovich died on July 8 (20), 1816 in his beloved estate Zvanka, Novgorod region.

Gabriel (Gavrila) Romanovich Derzhavin. Born on July 3 (14), 1743 in the village of Sokury, Kazan province - died on July 8 (20), 1816 in the estate of Zvanka, Novgorod province. Russian poet, statesman of the Russian Empire, senator, active privy councillor.

Gabriel (Gavrila) Derzhavin was born on July 3 (14 according to a new style) in July 1743 in the village of Sokury, Kazan province, into a family of small estate nobles.

Father - Roman Nikolaevich Derzhavin, second major.

Mother - Fyokla Andreevna Derzhavina (nee - Kozlova).

According to family legend, the Derzhavins descended from one of the Tatar families: Bagrim-Murza moved to Moscow from the Great Horde and, after baptism, entered the service of Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich.

He spent his childhood in the family estate of Sokura near Kazan. Early left without a father.

In 1762 he entered the service as an ordinary guardsman in the Preobrazhensky Regiment. As part of the regiment, he took part in the coup d'état on June 28, 1762, as a result of which she ascended the throne, later being repeatedly sung by him in odes.

From 1772 he served in the regiment as an officer.

In 1773-1775, as part of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, he participated in the suppression of the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev.

In 1773 he wrote his first poems.

Widespread fame came to Gabriel Derzhavin in 1782 - after the publication of the ode "Felitsa", which in enthusiastic tones was dedicated by the author to Empress Catherine II. In the ode, he glorifies the enlightened monarchy, which is personified by the reign of Catherine II. The smart, fair empress is opposed to the greedy and mercenary court nobles.

godlike princess
Kirghiz-Kaisatsky hordes!
Whose wisdom is incomparable
Discovered the right tracks
Tsarevich young Chlor
Climb that high mountain
Where a rose without thorns grows
Where virtue dwells,
She captivates my spirit and mind,
Let me find her advice...

From the moment the Imperial Russian Academy was founded in 1783, Derzhavin was a member of the Academy, took a direct part in compiling and publishing the first explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.

In May 1784 he was appointed ruler of the Olonets vicegerency. Arriving in Petrozavodsk, he organized the formation of provincial administrative, financial and judicial institutions, put into operation the first general civil medical institution in the province - the city hospital. The result of on-site inspections in the districts of the province was his “A Day Note, made during the review of the province by the ruler of the Olonets viceroy Derzhavin”, in which Derzhavin showed the interdependence of natural and economic factors, noted elements of the material and spiritual culture of the region. Later, the images of Karelia entered his work: the poems "Storm", "Swan", "To the second neighbor", "For Happiness", "Waterfall".

In 1786-1788 he served as the ruler of the Tambov viceroy. He showed himself as an enlightened leader, left a significant mark in the history of the region. Under Derzhavin, several public schools, a theater and a printing house were opened, where in 1788 the first provincial newspaper Tambov News was printed in the Russian Empire. He also drew up a plan for Tambov, put things in order in office work, and laid the foundation for an orphanage, an almshouse and a hospital.

In 1791-1793 he was the cabinet-secretary of Catherine II.

In 1793 he was appointed senator with the production of privy councillors.

From 1795 to 1796 - President of the College of Commerce.

In 1802-1803 he was Minister of Justice of the Russian Empire.

All this time, Derzhavin did not leave the literary field, creating the ode "God" (1784), "The thunder of victory, resound!" (1791, unofficial Russian anthem), "Velmozha" (1794), "Waterfall" (1798) and many others.

The work of Gavriil Derzhavin represents the pinnacle of Russian classicism, the founders of which were A.P. Sumarokov.

The purpose of the poet, in the understanding of G. R. Derzhavin, is the glorification of great deeds and the condemnation of bad ones.

The main object of Derzhavin's poetics is a person as a unique individuality in all the richness of personal tastes and predilections. Many of his odes are philosophical in nature, they discuss the place and purpose of man on earth, the problems of life and death.

Derzhavin created a number of samples of lyrical poems in which the philosophical intensity of his odes is combined with an emotional attitude to the events described.

Derzhavin's poetry was called speaking painting. He possessed an extraordinary gift to be imbued with the idea of ​​the painter and create his own poetic images.

Gabriel Derzhavin's awards:

Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky;
Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree;
Order of St. Vladimir 2nd degree;
Order of St. Anne 1st degree;
Order of St. John of Jerusalem Commander's Cross.

On October 7, 1803, he was dismissed and released from all government posts, as he himself wrote: "dismissed from all affairs."

In retirement, he settled in his estate Zvanka in the Novgorod province. In the last years of his life he was engaged in literary activity.

Personal life of Gabriel Derzhavin:

Was married twice. Didn't have children.

The first wife is Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bastidon, the daughter of the former valet of Peter III, the Portuguese Bastidon. They married early in 1778. At the time of the wedding, the bride was 16 years old. Immortalized by the poet as Plenira.

In 1794, Ekaterina Yakovlevna died suddenly at the age of 33. She was buried at the Lazarevsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg.

Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bastidon - the first wife of Gabriel Derzhavin

The second wife is Daria Alekseevna Dyakova. He married her six months after the death of his first wife. The poet immortalized his second wife as Milena. Darya Alekseevna died in 1842.

Daria Alekseevna Dyakova - the second wife of Gabriel Derzhavin

Derzhavin had no children of his own. In 1800, after the death of his friend, Pyotr Gavrilovich Lazarev, he took care of his children, incl. and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev, the future outstanding admiral, discoverer of Antarctica, governor of Sevastopol.

Also, the orphaned nieces of Daria Dyakova, the children of her sister Maria and the poet Nikolai Lvov, Elizaveta, Vera and Praskovya, were brought up in Derzhavin's house. Praskovya's diary contains interesting details about Derzhavin's family.

Gavriil Romanovich was friends with Prince S. F. Golitsyn and visited the Golitsyn estate in Zubrilovka. In the famous poem "Autumn during the siege of Ochakov" (1788), Derzhavin urged his friend to quickly take the Turkish fortress and return to his family.

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin and his second wife Daria Alekseevna were buried in the Transfiguration Cathedral of the Varlaamo-Khutynsky Monastery near Veliky Novgorod. During the Great Patriotic War, the monastery buildings were subjected to artillery fire and were in ruins for more than forty years. In 1959, the reburial of the remains of Derzhavin and his wife took place in the Novgorod Kremlin.

In 1993, after the completion of the restoration of the Transfiguration Cathedral of the Varlaamo-Khutynsky Monastery, timed to coincide with the 250th anniversary of the birth of the poet, the remains of Gavriil Romanovich and Daria Alekseevna Derzhavins were returned from the Novgorod Kremlin to the crypts of the monastery.

The name of Gabriel Derzhavin was given to Tambov State University. One of the streets of Tambov is called Derzhavinskaya. In 2003, the Tambov Regional Duma awarded Derzhavin the title of honorary citizen of the Tambov Region.

A square in Laishevo (Tatarstan) is named after him. In Laishevo, the museum of local lore bears the name of the poet, to whom most of the museum's exposition is dedicated. In Laishevo, Derzhavin's holiday is held annually (since 2000), Derzhavin's Readings with the presentation of the Derzhavin Republican Literary Prize (since 2002), the All-Russian Derzhavin Literary Festival (since 2010). The Laishevsky District is often informally referred to as the Derzhavinsky Territory.

In Veliky Novgorod, on the Monument “1000th Anniversary of Russia”, among 129 figures of the most prominent personalities in Russian history (as of 1862), there is a figure of G. R. Derzhavin.

A memorial stele was erected in the poet's homeland in the village of Derzhavino (Sokury).

Monuments to the poet: in Kazan (existed in 1846-1932 and recreated in 2003); St. Petersburg; on Derzhavinskaya Square in Laishevo; in Tambov; in Petrozavodsk.

A memorial sign to the poet was installed in Zvanka (now in the territory of the Chudovsky district of the Novgorod region on the banks of the Volkhov River).

In St. Petersburg there is a museum-estate of the poet - the mansion of Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, on the Fontanka Embankment, 118, next to Derzhavinsky Lane. Since 2003, the Literary Memorial Museum, a branch of the All-Russian Museum of A. S. Pushkin. The city estate consists of the poet's mansion, two twin outbuildings, a small guest building and a greenhouse. The mansion on the Fontanka and the circumstances of its construction are played up in the poet's poems "To the First Neighbor" (1780) and "To the Second Neighbor" (1791), addressed to the farmer M. S. Golikov and Colonel M. A. Garnovsky, respectively. After 1811, meetings of the “Conversations of Lovers of the Russian Word” were held in the large double-height hall.

A crater on Mercury is named after Derzhavin.

In 2016, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia and President of Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov took part in the opening ceremony of the monument to the Russian poet and statesman Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin in his small homeland near Kazan (the village of Kaipy), on the day of the 200th anniversary of the death of the poet.

Poems by Gabriel Derzhavin:

To the author who ridiculed the poets in the comedy and translated Anacreon
Albaum
Cupid and Psyche
Cupid and Psyche
Anacreon in the assembly
Anacreon at the stove
Anacreon's Pleasure
Aristippus bath
Harp
Ataman and the Don army
Ataman and the Don army
Athenian knight
Butterfly
Without a kind chest languishes
Conversation with Genius
Soul Immortality
Gratitude
Thanks to Felice
consort's bliss
God
Wealth
goddess of health
The battle
Boskanf, Laba and Dolsky
Fraternal consent
Storm
byvalschina
On the day of irritated fate
In memory of Davydov and Khvostov
Varyusha
Solomon's Introduction into the Judgment Seat
Fan
Majesty of God
nobleman
Venus court
Crown of Immortality
Lelya's wedding
Spring
View to the author of "Suvoroids"
Murza's vision
visha
rulers and judges
Attention
Water cannon
Waterfall
Return of Spring
War song
The reign of truth
Enemies are our best friends
Multiplying torment every day
Vsemile
Signboard
Signboard
Mr Dietz
Hebe
Hercules
Hymn to God
Hymn to God
Safa's hymn to Venus
Guitar
Dove
Burners
Slides
The mountains
combustible key
guest
City, birth of all charms
Countess Orlova
Thunder
Gift
Dasha offering
Country life
Children for their comedy and masquerade
Dianin's bright brilliance, ethereal purity
Virtue
Proof of Creative Being
Reached a terrible rumor to me
friend
To a friend of women
Evgeny. Life Zvanskaya
Wish
Desire in mountainous
winter wish
Village life
Zhukovsky and Rodzianka
Mystery
thoughtfulness
Zadravny eagle
Zephyr winds have flown
Idyll
Idolatry
From the second song of Moses
From the poem "Pozharsky"
Image of Felitsa
True
True happiness
To Angelica Kaufman
To the bust of Admiral Vasily Yakovlevich Chichagov
To the Graces
To the virtuous beauty
To women
To the image of Emperor Paul I
To Calliope (Descend, immortal, from heaven...)
To the handsome
To the lyre (Sounding lyre)
To the lyre (I was going to sing Rumyantsov)
To the mother who raises her children herself
To the Maecenas
To the marble bust of Catherine II
To the Muse
To N. A. Lvov
To the first neighbor
To the portrait of Admiral Alexander Ivanovich Cruz
To the portrait of Admiral Spiridov
To the portrait of V. V. Kapnist
To the portrait of Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna
To the portrait of Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev
To the portrait of Princess Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova
To the portrait of Lomonosov
To the portrait of N. A. Dyakov
To the portrait of a beautiful and virtuous woman
To the portrait of His Grace Innocent of Pskov
To the portrait of Bishop Plato
To the portrait of Senator Prince Yakov Fedorovich Dolgorukov
To the portrait of the industrious
To a portrait through atrocities who reached virtues and glory
To myself
To the silhouette of Chemnitzer
To Skopikhin
To Sofia
To the statue of Catherine II
To F. M. Kolokoltsov
To Euterpe
How did I meet you
Cantata
Cantata for the day of the military order to Russian heroes
Kapnist
Key
To the second neighbor
You smolder with passion for me
Chariot
Krezov Eros
Peasant holiday
Mug
Grasshopper
Cupid
Martin
Swan
Lion and wolf
Summer
Lisa. praise of the rose
art lover
Love thoughts opens
Lyubushka
Lucy
Mahiavel
Miller
Mercury
Dream
I know those torments
fashionable wit
My graces
My idol
Prayer (God the Creator)
Prayer (Who, Lord, can know Your statutes?)
Prayer (Incomprehensible God, Creator of all creatures)
Prayer (O God, Creator of immortal souls)
Prayer (Oh God! I honor Your limits of luminosity)
Monument to Peter the Great
sailor
Courage
Vengeance
N. A. Lvov
To the ballet "Zephyr and Flora"
On a badger
On the atheists
On the talker
For the marriage of Countess Litta
For the wedding of Grand Duke Pavel Petrovich
For wedding celebrations
On the bust in the medallion of Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna
To the absurd writer
On the capture of Warsaw
On the capture of Ishmael
On the return of Count Zubov from Persia
For divination
For the recovery of the Maecenas
On the Gatchina ponds in the reign of Emperor Paul I
On howitzers, by Count Shuvalov, and on horse artillery, by Prince Zubov introduced
On the coffin of Vimes
On the coffin of a nobleman and a hero
On the coffin of Count Peter Ivanovich Panin
On the coffin of Dubyansky
On the coffin of Prince Peter Mikhailovich Golitsyn
On the coffin of Prince A. A. Vyazemsky
On the coffin of Prince Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko
On the coffin of Fortune's favorite
On the coffin of Peter the Great
On Pozharsky's coffin
On the coffin of N.N.
To the tomb of P. V. Neklyudov
To the house church of Prince A. N. Golitsyn
To the country house of Senator Nikolai Ivanovich Chicherin
For a famous poet
On the image of Catherine II (Majesty, love, generosity, beauty)
On the image of Catherine II (Love for Russia breathes)
On the image of Peter the Great (God rarely, working miracles)
On the image of Peter the Great (Whom I see shining among the rays)
On the image of Suvorov at his resignation
On the image of Theophanes
On Cantemir
To the insidiousness of French indignation and in honor of Prince Pozharsky
To the end of a benefactor
On the death of Grand Duchess Olga Pavlovna
On the death of Count Orlov
On the death of Catherine II
On the death of Empress Catherine II
On the greedy
On Beauty
At the baptism of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich
On Losenkova
On the Order of Malta
At the masquerade, which was in front of the Empress in Kazan
On the medallion of Countess Alexandra Vasilievna Branitskaya
On the medallion of Catherine II at Musina-Pushkina
On the medallion of Catherine II near Protasova
On the medallion depicting Suvorov in lion skin
On the monument erected by Countess Branicka
On the marble image of Metropolitan Gabriel
On the marble column in the Red Naryshkin Manor
On the inflated, unjust and lame historian
For New Year 1797
For New Year 1798
For the New Year
For the consecration of the Kamennoostrovsky invalid home
For the consecration of the church in the study of Her Majesty Catherine II
For the consecration of the Church of Our Lady of Kazan in St. Petersburg
For the opening of governorates
To the reflection of the Swedes by Greig
In the absence of Her Majesty to Belarus
On the fall of the new Phaeton
At the memorial service for Louis XVI
For the transfer of the relics of St. Alexander Nevsky
Crossing the Alps
To Peterhof
On the victory won by Archduke Charles
For victories in Italy
On the victory of Catherine II over the Turks
On presentation by the deputies of Her Majesty the title of Catherine the Great
To conquer Derbent
To conquer Paris
On the commander who wanted to get a haircut
on Popovsky
For a visit to the printing house in Tambov by Bishop Theophilus
To overcome the enemy
For the acquisition of Crimea
For a walk in the Georgian garden
On the prophecies of Simeon of Polotsk and Dimitri of Rostov
For a bird
For parting
On the rhymer
For the birth of a porphyry child in the North
On the birth of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich
On the birth of Grand Duchess Olga Pavlovna
For the birth of Empress Gremislava
On the rondo of Peter the Great
On Skrypleva
In case of breaking the Moscow Kremlin
On the death of Bibikov
On the death of Bibikov
On the death of Countess Rumyantsova
On the death of Katerina Yakovlevna
On the death of Prince Alexander Andreevich Bezborodko
On the death of Prince Meshchersky
On the death of Naryshkin
On the death of Peter the Great
To the death of the dog Milushka
On the death of Suvorov
On the Magpie in defense of the Cuckoos
To the one who composed an ode without eres
On the statue of Peter the Great
For happiness
On the tragedy "False Dmitry" by Prince Beloselsky
To the vanity of earthly glory
To a pleasure garden called Caprice
To moderation
On the character of Emperor Paul
On Khmelnin
On a cold poet
on Chemesov
To the swedish world
On the procession of the Empress to Kazan
Above the doors of the chambers where the sick lie
Gravestone Shelekhov
Gravestone of Empress Catherine II
Hope in God
Inscription to the portrait of Catherine II
Inscription to the portrait of Princess E. N. Orlova
Opposite you with you
bride
forget-me-not
Already inevitable rock
Nina
Housewarming of the young
About pleasure
Abode of Dobrada
Defense against a thief
Declaration of love
Ode to Catherine II
Ode to Movterpiy
Ode to Greatness
Ode to Her Majesty's Birthday
Ode to nobility
Ode to caress
Ode to condemnation
Ode to Consistency
Ode on the Death of General-in-Chief Bibikov
Fetter
Description of the celebration in the house of Prince Potemkin
Eagle
Autumn
Autumn during the siege of Ochakov
Opening
Excerpt (Triumphed - and chuckled)
Excerpt (Don't be sad)
Excerpt (Washing the Kostroma soles of solid walls)
Hunter
Peacock
Monument
Hero monument
parashe
penalties
Chiffchaff
First Song of Pindar Pythic
Song of Bayard
Song of marriage to a pair of porphyry
Song of Catherine the Great
Peter the Great
Picnics
Pyramid
Letter to spouse on New Year's Eve 1780
Plamid
prisoner
beauty victory
Winner
Imitation of the psalm
Repentance
polyhymnia
commemoration
Help of God
Portrait of Varyusha
Sending fruits
sinking
Praise for Justice
Praise of rural life
Poems of praise to Gavrila Andreevich Surovtsov
righteous judge
rule to live
Justice
Feast of pupils of the maiden monastery
foreshadowing
Interference with spouse
At the entrance of the Grigoriev hospital
When reading the description of winter in Rossiyad
Dinner invitation
Confession
The invocation and appearance of the Plenira
Offering to beauties
Offering to the Monarchine
The Coming of Phoebus
glimpse
Providence
Walk
Walk in Sarskoye village
Sermon
birder
Let the morning, let me now
Bee
Joy of Justice
Ruins
Parting
Various wines
Repentance
open rose
Resolution
The river of time in its striving
Reshemysl
The birth of beauty
Birth of Love
Rock needs to break up
Russian girls
Russian graces
Sappho
freedom
lamentation
Titmouse
Modesty
Snigir
With power in the heart, opening the way
Advice
Advice to the author
Nightingale
Nightingale in a dream
Solomon and Shulamita
Sonnet
Compassion
Reference
Sleeping Eros
Stanza Clarice
Old man
shooter
Suvorov for his stay in the Taurida Palace
Suvorov-Rymniksky to Rochensalm from Tsarskoye Selo
Scholastic
happy family
Your legacy, Zhukovskaya!
Silence
Tonchiu
Longing of the soul
When would you know
Evidence
tenderness
Trust in God's Protection
Trusting in your strength
Urn
Calm disbelief
consolation of the good
Morning
Felitsa
Philosophers drunk and sober
Fleet
Lamp
Charites
Hop
Chorus to the swedish world
Khrapovitsky (old comrade)
Khrapovitsky (Khrapovitsky! signs of friendship)
Christ
Tsar Maiden
Healing Saul
chains
Chain
Gypsy dance
Petition about the completion of the house
chechotka
Procession along the Volkhov of the Russian Amphitrite
comic desire
Epigram
Epistle to I. I. Shuvalov
Epistole to General Mikhelson for the defense of Kazan
Epitaph to Catherine II
Epitaph to the sage of the present age
Echo
I see in passion me
I, having lost my dear fate
The Appearance of Apollo and Daphne on the Neva Bank
fragmentum

G.R. Derzhavin is one of the famous Russian poets, as well as a prominent political figure of his time.

Gabriel was born in 1743 in the Kazan province. His father, a nobleman and major, passed away early, so Derzhavin was brought up only by his mother.

The beginning of his education is passable at home, then he begins to study in a German boarding school, after which he enters the Kazan gymnasium. After graduation, he goes to serve in the army. He began his service in the Preobrazhensky Regiment, in 1762 he participated in a coup d'état.

Gabriel begins his writing activity in the 70s, his poems were first published in 1773. In the literary sphere, he is the founder of a new direction - philosophical lyrics.

Some time later, Derzhavin decides to leave military service for civilian service. He worked for a short time in the Senate, then, on behalf of the Empress, he became the governor of Olonets, and after that of Tambov. Derzhavin fought the bureaucracy, tried to defend the interests of the common people, which is why officials did not like him and often changed jobs. At 60, he decides to retire and devote his life to creativity. He becomes an honorary member of literary communities and an active poet of that time.

In 1816 G. R. Derzhavin dies.

Detailed biography

The fate of Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin is amazing: from an ordinary ordinary soldier, he climbed the career ladder to the minister of the Russian Empire. He served as governor of two regions and was a personal adviser to Catherine II.

Born in 1743 near Kazan in the family of a poor nobleman, Gabriel could not dream of a brilliant education. His father passed away early, the boy grew up in the village of Sokura in the family estate.

At the age of sixteen, Derzhavin enters the Kazan gymnasium to study, the world of poetry of Lomonosov, Sumarokov opens before him, he tries to start writing poetry.

In 1762, Derzhavin entered the Preobrazhensky Regiment as an ordinary guardsman. He received his first officer rank of warrant officer after 10 years of service. Since 1773, for two years, Gavriil Romanovich participated in hostilities against the uprising of E. Pugachev. Being engaged in office work at the headquarters, he had the opportunity to touch the primary sources of the events of that time, so his notes became an invaluable contribution to the study of the history and course of events of the peasant war. In the same period, the first poetic works of Derzhavin appeared in the light.

Having retired in 1777, Gavriil Romanovich went to work as a state adviser to the Government Senate. A year later, he married sixteen-year-old Ekaterina Batidon, with whom he had been married for 17 years, until the sudden death of his wife.

Since 1784, for a year and a half, Gavriil Romanovich held the post of governor in the Olonets province. During his short reign, he made a great contribution to the development of the province: the first city hospital was built and opened, a system of city judicial, financial and administrative institutions was introduced. The period of life is reflected in the works of the poet "Storm", "Waterfall", "Swan".

From 1786, for another two years, Derzhavin held the post of governor of the Tambov province, where, on his initiative, a printing house, a theater, and educational institutions were opened.

The active life position of the poet helped in moving up the career ladder. Since 1791, Gavriil Romanovich has served as the Empress's cabinet secretary, two years later he becomes her Privy Councilor, two years later he is appointed President of the College of Commerce by Catherine II, and from 1802, after his retirement, he becomes Minister of Justice. All these years the poet did not stop creating. In 1791 he wrote the first Russian anthem. Even during Derzhavin's lifetime, a four-volume edition of his works was published.

After the end of public service, Derzhavin moved with his second wife Daria to his estate Zvanki in the Novgorod province. The family had no children, and since 1800 they took the children of the deceased friend of the poet P. Lazarev to raise them. One of the sons of Michael would later be the discoverer of Antarctica.

Derzhavin devoted the rest of his life to literature, he founded the literary circle "Conversations of lovers of the Russian word." The great writer died in 1816.

Option 3

Gavriil Derzhavin - a great literary figure, Russian politician

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin was born on July 14, 1743 to an insolvent noble family. His ancestors were Tatars who left the Horde lands in the 14th century. As a result, they served the Russian princes. While still a child, his father died. The mother could not pull the family out of the difficult financial situation. The boy was raised by priests who taught him to count and write. At the age of 7 he becomes a student of the Orenburg boarding school. Gabriel's performance was satisfactory. But he had no equal in knowledge of foreign languages. He spoke German especially well. As a result, the family moves to Kazan, where Derzhavin enters the local gymnasium.

The moment of studying at the gymnasium is a turning point in the life of the future poet. It was there that he fell in love with literature. He read the works of Lomonosov, Sumarokov and Trediakovsky. In addition, he liked the fine arts. The first attempts to write for him were unsuccessful. As a result, he was called to serve in the Preobrazhensky regiment. The army years turned out to be painful for Gabriel. The constant exercises were supplemented by a palace coup, in which Derzhavin had to participate. It was under him that Catherine II ascended the Russian throne. Time for literature and his own creativity was sorely lacking. Nevertheless, the young man found minutes to compose his own poems. In parallel with this, he is fond of gambling, for which he was stripped of his rank and expelled from the regiment.

Derzhavin decides to start a new life and in 1770 goes to the capital. Subsequently, he is sent to suppress the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev. During this time, he writes the ode "Felitsa" and the poems "Waterfall", "God" and "Vision of Murza". After defeating the dissidents, Gabriel took the post of collegiate adviser. Because of his straightforwardness, the Empress transferred him to the Senate. He had a whole sea of ​​​​enemies who hated him for his freethinking. He denounced every official and minister. As a result, he was exiled to the Olonets and Tambov governorships. There the writer is engaged in leadership and management. During his stay, theaters, schools, orphanages and hospitals were built in these territories. For his merits, he is returned back to the capital. By the end of his life, he was already working in the Ministry of Justice. Derzhavin's first wife, with whom he lived for 18 years, died safely. After her death, he marries Daria Dyakova. In 1803, Gabriel buys an estate near Novgorod and leaves there with his family, where he devotes time to his hobbies.

In 1815, Gabriel attended the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he acted as an examiner. There he met Alexander Pushkin, for whom Derzhavin was a real idol. It was on the model of his poem "Monument" that the great figure of Russian literature wrote his work, which became the standard. On July 20, 1816, Gabriel Derzhavin died in his own estate for an unknown reason.

7th grade, 9th grade.

Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important thing.

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