Panorama of Balaklava harbor. In the center is Mount Tavros. The green arrow indicates the entry point, the red arrow indicates the exit point for submarines from the underground shelter.
Naval Museum Complex "Balaklava"- underground base of submarines in Balaklava (Object 825 GTS), a top-secret military facility of the Cold War, located in Balaklava Bay. At present, it is one of the largest declassified military facilities on the territory of the former USSR.
Coordinates : 44°29′50.5″ N sh. 33°35′48.29″ E d. / 44.497362 , 33.596749 (G)44.497362 , 33.596749
Description and purpose
The facility is a first category anti-nuclear defense structure (protection against a direct hit by an atomic bomb with a power of 100 Kt), which includes a combined underground water channel with a dry dock, workshops for repairs, warehouses for storing torpedo and other weapons. It is located in Mount Tavros, on both sides of which there are two exits. From the side of the bay - the entrance to the adit. If necessary, it was covered with a batoport, which was blown with air and floated up. For access to the open sea, an outlet was equipped on the northern side of the mountain, which was also blocked by a bot port. Both holes in the rock were skillfully covered with camouflage devices and nets.
Object 825 GTS, for the service of which the 155th submarine brigade was formed, was intended for the repair and maintenance of submarines of the 613th and 633rd projects, as well as for the storage of ammunition intended for these submarines. In the central adit (length 602 meters) of the object, 7 submarines of the indicated projects could be accommodated, and if necessary, in all adits - up to 14 submarines of different classes. The loading of equipment in peacetime was carried out at the pier, taking into account the movement of spy satellites of a potential enemy. In case of a nuclear threat, loading was to be carried out inside the base through a special adit. The arsenal also stored nuclear weapons, which were served only by officers. The temperature inside the base is about 15 degrees.
Story
In the period after the Second World War, both superpowers - the USSR and the USA increased their nuclear potential, threatening each other with preventive strikes and retaliation strikes. It was then that Stalin gave Beria (who was in charge of the “nuclear project” at that time) a secret directive: to find a place where submarines could be based to deliver a retaliatory nuclear strike. After several years of searching, the choice fell on the quiet Balaklava: the city was immediately classified. Balaklava was chosen for the construction of the underground complex not by chance. A narrow winding strait only 200-400 m wide shelters the harbor not only from storms, but also from prying eyes - from the open sea it is not visible from any angle.
In 1957, a special construction department No. 528 was created, which was directly involved in the construction of an underground structure. The underground complex was built for 4 years - from 1957 to 1961. About 120 thousand tons of rock were removed during the construction. To ensure secrecy, the export was carried out at night on barges to the open sea. The object was built first by the military, and then by the metro builders, which was due to the complexity of drilling the rock. After closing in 1993, most of the complex was not guarded. In 2000, the actually looted object was handed over to the Naval Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
The museum was created in accordance with the order of the State Secretary of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine dated December 30, 2002 "On the creation of a branch of the Central Museum of the Armed Forces of Ukraine - the Naval Museum Complex "Balaklava". After the object was transformed into a branch of the Central Museum of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, a new stage in its history began The Naval Museum Complex includes the underground part of the plant, an arsenal, as well as a sea pier and several buildings.The opening of the branch took place on June 1, 2003. The areas around the artificial canal that runs through the mountain, several workshops of the plant and an arsenal, where stored torpedoes and nuclear warheads.
Gallery
|
The Museum and Memorial Complex of the History of the Russian Navy (Museum of the Navy) is located on the territory of the Northern Tushino Park, located in the north-west of Moscow, on (related to), opposite the capital. Was opened in 2009. At present, the Museum of the History of the Russian Navy has three major exhibits: the B-396 Novosibirsk Komsomolets submarine, the A-90 Orlyonok ekranoplan, and the Skat hovercraft. All objects are located on the water area of the Khimki reservoir, but only a submarine is available for visiting. The submarine "Novosibirsky Komsomolets" was delivered to Moscow in September 2003 from Severodvinsk (Arkhangelsk region), and the ekranoplan "Eaglet" and DShK "Skat" - from the city of Kaspiysk (Dagestan) in June 2007. According to the initial plans, the museum's exposition was supposed to include the Druzhny patrol ship, delivered to Moscow from Kaliningrad in November 2003, but due to disagreements with the owner, the ship was not included in the museum, was not operated, and in the spring of 2016. The idea of creating a naval museum in Moscow appeared in the second half of the 1990s. After the submarine was excluded from the Navy (Red Banner Northern Fleet) in March 1998, the boat was bought by the Moscow authorities along with the Druzhny patrol ship (Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet) as exhibits of the future Museum of the History of the Russian Navy and Shipbuilding in Moscow. It was originally planned that the museum would be located on the Moskva River in the Gorky Park area in the center of the capital. But several circumstances prevented this. Firstly, significant work was required on the arrangement of the territory to accommodate facilities that needed considerable funding. In addition, there was a problem of transporting objects of the future museum to the center of the capital. If there were no problems delivering the submarine there, then in order to conduct the "Druzhny" it had to be almost completely dismantled. And the Ministry of Defense, not far from the building of which they wanted to place a floating museum on Frunzenskaya Embankment, did not want to support the project. As a result, according to the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 18, 2003 "On the placement of a museum and memorial complex of the history of the Russian Navy and a cultural and entertainment center in the water area of the Khimki reservoir", the water area of the Khimki reservoir in the area of the territory of the park "Northern Tushino" was determined as the location of the museum (southern part). How to get there to the Navy Museum in Severnoye Tushino park: the nearest metro station is Skhodnenskaya of the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line. Exit from the first car in the direction of the Planernaya station, then exit to the right, then walk along Khimki Boulevard for 15 minutes to the intersection with Svoboda Street, then walk through the park for 5 minutes. By public land transport: stop "Zakharkovo" (trolleybus No. 70 from the metro station "Belorusskaya", "Dynamo", "Airport" or "Sokol"; bus "T" and No. 102 from the metro station "Planernaya"). Schedule Museum of the Navy: Monday - day off; all other days - from 11 am to 7 pm, except Thursday, when the museum is open from 1 pm to 9 pm. The last Thursday of the month is a sanitary day. The ticket office closes 30 minutes before the closing time of the museum. Tours for individual visitors are held at 15:00 and 17:00 (Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday), at 17:00 and at 19:00 on Thursday. About the object based on the reviews of tourists: The theme of the museum: ; Large (ocean) diesel-electric submarine B-396 "Novosibirsk Komsomolets". Built at the factory in 1980. She served in the Northern Fleet since 1981. During her service, she made military campaigns in the Mediterranean Sea, performed combat service tasks in the North and South Atlantic, off the western coast of Africa, and also patrolled the Soviet and Russian borders in the Barents and Norwegian Seas, and was repeatedly awarded the title of the best ship of the Northern Fleet. Photo: Mikhail Arkhipov
A-90 "Eaglet" transport-landing ekranoplan. Built in 1983 on . Until 2006, it was assigned to the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet, the 236th Division of Ekranoplan Ships. Photo: Mikhail Arkhipov
Landing assault hovercraft "Skat".
Everything related to the submarine fleet is of great interest to inquisitive people. After all, this is one of the military spheres, and even so mysterious. Feature films about the heroism of submariners only stir up interest, which is nowhere to be satisfied. Therefore, museums on submarines are very popular here and abroad. The Submarine Museum is open on a real combat submarine. Here you can clearly get acquainted with the situation in which the sailors of the submarine fleet are, you can feel what it is like to serve on a submarine. This museum is not the only one in the world that is equipped on a submarine, but there was nothing similar in Moscow before. They organized a museum on a submarine in 2003. Then the military submarine "Novosibirsky Komsomolets", which had served worthily for twenty years in the Northern Fleet, was "retired" and towed to a parking lot near the embankment, in the famous Moscow park "Northern Tushino". This exposition is one step in the grandiose museum complex dedicated to the Russian fleet. Someday, other military vessels and amphibious aircraft should open to visitors. So far, these grandiose intentions are only in the plans. But even in its current form, the museum is full of visitors. In the skin of the "sea wolf"During the tour, you can not only see and hear many interesting facts about the exciting and difficult service of submariners. Tourists are allowed to touch almost all the exhibits, you can ring the ship's bell, sit in the navigator's service chair, try to dive into the hatch in a second (the standard standard for a submariner). Kids are thrilled with these interactive activities, and adults enjoy it just as much, although they are a bit quieter.
In order for the museum to be convenient for guests, the boat had to be slightly modernized. We made an entrance and exit for tourists, some internal hatches were replaced with walkways so that people with disabilities could also stay here on an equal basis with everyone else. The entire space of the museum submarine has seven compartments.
Visitors can visit the cabins, inspect the control room, evaluate the medical isolation room, look into the specific shower and latrine. The torpedo compartments with ammunition - torpedoes and mines - cause a special revival. It is interesting to look at diving suits. It is very informative to visit the compartments that support the vital activity and maneuverability of the vessel: this is an air supply system, a hydroacoustic cabin, a radio cabin and navigational instruments. In the submarine itself, you can suddenly see the figure of a sailor in a military uniform or a vest, and on the stern, a cook in a white coat suddenly appears. On the territory of the museum in the souvenir shop you can buy souvenirs and books on the marine theme. There are several radar devices and a torpedo in front of the boat. Here you can admire the real, not souvenir, St. Andrew's flag.
Tours are conducted in groups of no more than 13 people. Guides talk with guests not only in Russian, but also in many European languages, as well as in Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Hebrew. Therefore, the museum is popular both among Russians and internationally.
After visiting the Submarine Museum, such amazing facts become known that it never even occurred to you to think about before. For example, why is every submariner's clothing recycled every ten days? After this, you understand that just serving on a submarine is already a courageous act. And the dangers that lie in wait for the crew in battle are simply amazing. I would like once again to respectfully bow before the modest heroes - submariners. On an excursion to the Museum of the Navy, you can see:
Excursion to the submarine B-396The duration of the program is 1 hour. In a group of tourists on excursions no more than 15 people. The standard excursion program includes a visit to the Submarine. Currently, the B-396 submarine is located on the Khimki reservoir. The large diesel-electric submarine B-396 consists of seven compartments. All compartments are accessible during the tour for tourists. Additionally, the program may include a visit to the cabin and the upper deck of the boat. The cost of the excursion to the submarine B-396Adults, citizens of the Russian Federation - 8000 rubles per group of tourists. Children - 6000 rubles per group. Children's group from Moscow - 4500 rubles per group. If every tourist has a Moskvich social card. When visiting the cabin and the upper deck of the Submarine, entrance tickets are additionally paid 300 rubles for an adult and 200 rubles for a child. Excursion to the exhibition of the NavyDuration 45 minutes. In a group of tourists no more than 15 people. The program includes a visit to the exhibition exposition of the Navy Museum, presented on two floors of the museum. During the program, the participants of the tour will get acquainted with the history of the formation of the Russian Navy, the stages of its formation and development features. Documentary materials and photographs from the history of the formation of the Navy are widely presented at the exhibition exposition. The cost of the excursion to the exhibition of the NavyAdult tourists, citizens of the Russian Federation - 8000 rubles for a group of up to 15 people. Children - 6000 rubles for a group of up to 15 tourists. Children's group from Moscow - 4500 rubles for a group of up to 15 children. If every tourist has a Moskvich social card. A comprehensive excursion program with a visit to the exhibition of the Navy and the SubmarineThe duration of the program is 1 hour 30 minutes. The maximum number of tourists on the program is up to 15 guests. A single ticket for excursions to the Museum of the Navy (museum + submarine): Adults (up to 15 people) 11,000 rubles. Pensioners, schoolchildren (up to 15 people) 8500 rubles. Schoolchildren from Moscow, when providing a social card - 6000 rubles for a group of up to 15 schoolchildren The cost of excursions to the Submarine, the exhibition of the history of the Russian Navy includes:
Attention! For foreign citizens, the services of a guide-interpreter with knowledge of a foreign language are additionally paid. Company "City Voyage" is ready to offer you guides-translators in almost any language of the world. The cost of services depends on the language of the tour. About the Museum of the History of the Russian NavyThe Museum of the History of the Russian Navy is a unique complex of objects located in the north of Moscow. Submarine B-396 was produced in 1979. For 20 years, she performed state tasks in the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, in the Norwegian and Barents Seas. Since 2003, it has been a museum exhibit and the pride of Muscovites and the entire Russian Navy. The submarine has seven compartments. Compartment number 1 - torpedo. It contains weapons, control devices, instrumentation. Additionally, for tourists to see the excursion, a wetsuit is presented, in which the crew of the submarine goes beyond its limits in case of rescue operations. Compartment No. 2 - battery. Is residential. Currently, this compartment is equipped for lectures and conferences, it can accommodate up to 30 people in the landing version. Compartment No. 3. CPU or, in other words, the central control post. The compartment is two-deck, has an upper and lower deck. The upper deck is a radar cabin, a central post, navigational and hydroacoustic cabins. All the mechanisms of the submarine have been restored and even some of the equipment is connected and in working order. Here are the periscopes, they are raised to the top position. Everyone will be able to see the surrounding area with the help of a periscope. Compartment No. 4. Residential, also battery-operated. There are two decks in the compartment, upper and lower. The upper deck is an exhibition hall, a museum of the history of the development of submarines. Compartment number 5. Diesel. For the perception of tourists, the diesel submarine is presented in real form with all engine operating systems. Compartment No. 6. Electromotive. Tourists can see the submarine's electric engine with all life support systems. Compartment number 7 is residential. Aft compartment. There are berths for the crew of the submarine, a regular stern hatch with a diving tube for the emergency escape of the submarine by the crew, and you can also see the devices and mechanisms of the ship's general system. Performance characteristics of the submarine B-396. Length 90.2 meters Width 8.6 meters Diving depth up to 300 meters Autonomy up to 80 days Range up to 15,000 miles Travel speed: surface, knots / underwater, knots 13.5 / 16 Number of torpedoes 24 Crew 78 people. During the tour of the territory of the Museum of the History of the Navy, you can additionally see: The hovercraft Skat, which is an air assault boat, was delivered to Moscow from Kaspiysk. Ekranoplan "Eaglet". Also from Kaspiysk to the Museum of the Navy was brought a combat marine amphibious ekranoplan "Eaglet". The ekranoplan is unique in its kind, it is a mixture of an aircraft and a ship. It has significant differences from a seaplane. It can fly over water, go ashore, move over ice, tundra, regardless of the surface that is under the ekranoplan. Whether it's a swamp or concrete. Opening hours of the Museum of the History of the Russian NavyExcursions to the Museum of the Navy (Submarine B-396) are held: Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday: from 11.00 to 19.00. Thursday: from 13.00 to 21.00. The day off is Monday. If necessary, we are ready to provide transport for excursion groups for rent: comfortable buses, minibuses and cars. Latest reviewsSkvortsova Anna Sergeevna Alexey, good afternoon, Dmitry Alexandrovich expressed his deep gratitude for the perfectly organized event! Everything was top notch! Thank you for your work! Sincerely, Anna E-mail: [email protected] Our partner's impressions of organizing an individual excursion to the exhibition "Ilya Repin" in the New Tretyakov Gallery. Sazonova Rozalia Sayarovna Thanks a lot! Everything is cool, clear, competent, at the highest level! The tour guide is a wonderful woman, adjusted to the children! Rosalia. Email: [email protected] The impressions of our tourists about the organization and conduct of an individual excursion to the Tretyakov Gallery in Russian. Elena Tupika Anna, hello! Sorry for not answering right away. We really enjoyed the tour. Elena (tour guide) prepared a well-prepared program with moving from picture to picture. She told the most interesting. It was comfortable, cozy. The paintings and the artist himself opened up to us in a different perspective. Special thanks to your organization. For a quick solution to the issue of creating an individual Tour. Everything is thought out to the smallest detail. We just have to pay, arrive on time and enjoy the journey. Thank you. Sincerely, Elena Tupika E-mail: [email protected] Impressions of our tourists about the organization of an individual excursion to the exhibition "Arkhip Kuindzhi" in the Tretyakov Gallery. Naval Museum Complex "Balaklava" (Sevastopol, Russia) - expositions, opening hours, address, phone numbers, official website.
Previous photo Next photo The naval museum complex "Balaklava" is considered one of the central attractions of the city. For tourists, it is interesting not only for its exhibits; numerous visitors come here to see with their own eyes the secret military facility of the Cold War, after the construction of which Balaklava received the status of a closed area of Sevastopol for several decades. The unique fortifications, built in a short time in the most difficult underground conditions, are an outstanding example of military engineering art. The idea of an underground complex for servicing submarines, protected from atomic strike, appeared in the late 1940s, when the US and the USSR developed the first samples of a new generation of weapons. For the construction of a secret base, Balaklava was chosen, the bay of which is securely hidden from prying eyes by a narrow strait and can be completely isolated from the sea. Work continued for eight years, in 1961 the underground complex was completed. The naval museum complex "Balaklava" is considered one of the central attractions of the city. The underground base, dug into the rocks at a depth sufficient for anti-nuclear protection, consisted of an artificial water channel with dry docks, technical areas for servicing and repairing boats, fuel depots, and a secret mine and torpedo unit. On both sides of Mount Tavros there were two camouflaged exits: one into the bay, the other, on the northern side of the mountain, into the open sea. From a military point of view, the "Object 825 GTS" served as a base for submarines of the 613th and 633rd projects. It was planned to carry out repair and maintenance of submarines, storage and replacement of ammunition, refueling here. The most secret part of the complex was the "Object 820", where work was carried out with atomic warheads. In the last years of its existence, the secret base was practically not used for its intended purpose, as the navy switched to a new type of submarine. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the base was completely closed, and two years later the premises were finally vacated, the guards were liquidated, and a long period of desolation and plunder began. The revival and restoration of the completely plundered complex began in 2003, when the former military base was turned into a museum by decree of the President of Ukraine. In June 2013 the museum celebrated its tenth anniversary. The Balaklava underground complex, together with the Mikhailovskaya Battery museum complex, is part of the Military History Museum of Fortifications. Tour routesMuseum visitors can choose from two different excursion routes. The basic tour is an hour-long walking tour through the artificial labyrinths of Mount Tavros with a visit to a secret anti-nuclear facility for sheltering submarines, an underground navigation channel laid in the bowels of the mountain, and the former nuclear weapons arsenal of the USSR Navy, converted into exhibition halls. The second tour is a short half-hour boat trip through the underground canal, during which tourists will see submarine service areas. The list of unique objects includes a 100-meter dry dock at an eight-meter depth relative to sea level, as well as a genuine naval mine designed to destroy enemy naval targets and capable of destroying all life within a radius of 100 meters. In 2007, the Egyptian film "Taimur and Shafika" was filmed in the underground premises of the museum. The dungeon now and then resounded with explosions, to heighten the effect, the directors decided to use pyrotechnics. Helpful informationAddress: Sevastopol, Balaklavsky district, Tavricheskaya embankment, 22. Website. Phone: +7 (86-92) 63-75-90, 94-70-69 (excursions). From the bus station and the railway station, you can get to the museum by trolleybuses No. 17 and 20, as well as by fixed-route taxis No. 17, 20A and 26 to the final stop "5th kilometer". Buses No. 9, 94, 98 and 99, as well as fixed-route taxi No. 9 (Obolon stop) run from the 5th kilometer stop to Balaklava. If you are traveling from the eastern part of Balaklava Bay, then buses No. 9, 94, 98 and 99 (Obolon stop) will do. Opening hours: Wednesday - Sunday from 10:00 to 17:00. Monday and Tuesday are sanitary days. The cost of the entrance ticket is 300 RUB, for schoolchildren and students - 100 RUB. Entry with children under 5 years is prohibited. For WWII veterans, military personnel, preschoolers, visitors with disabilities, orphans and museum staff, admission is free. Amateur photo and video shooting is free. Do not forget to take warm clothes with you: the air temperature in the underground complex is only +16 °С. Prices on the page are for August 2018.  
|
