Geographic Encyclopedia

North Ossetia- Alanya. Numbers indicate: 1. Dagestan 2. Chechen Republic 3. North Ossetian Reserve Abbreviations: V.F. - Upper Fiagdon D. - Dargavs S. - Sadon North Ossetia, Republic of North Ossetia Alania, located in the south ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"

- (Republic of North Ossetia Alania), in the Russian Federation. The area is 8 thousand square meters. km. The population is 678.6 thousand people, urban 67% (2001). The main population is Ossetians (53%), Russians (29.9%), Ingush (5.2%), Armenians (2.2%) and others (2001). 8 districts, 6… … encyclopedic Dictionary

NORTH OSSETIA, the Republic of North Ossetia Alania, a subject of the Russian Federation; located in the south of the European part of Russia. Included in the North Caucasian economic region. Pl. 8 thousand km2. Population 663.2 thousand people. (1998). The capital of the city ... ... Russian history

- (Republic of North Ossetia) in the Russian Federation. 8 thousand km². Population 651.5 thousand inhabitants (1993), urban 69%; Ossetians (335 thousand people, 1989 census), Russians, Ingush, Armenians, etc. 8 districts, 6 cities, 7 urban-type settlements ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Exist., number of synonyms: 1 republic (21) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

North Ossetia- The Republic of North Ossetia Alania within the Russian Federation. The name Ossetia was adopted by Russian. language not earlier than the end of the 16th century. In Russian The annals repeatedly mention the Iranian-speaking yases Kavk. Alans, ancestors of modern Ossetian; they are in Mongol Turk. ... ... Toponymic Dictionary

North Ossetia- a republic within the Russian Federation. The name Ossetia was acquired by the Russian language no earlier than the 16th century. In the Russian chronicles, the Yases are repeatedly mentioned - the Iranian-speaking Caucasian Alans, the ancestors of modern Ossetians; they are in the Mongol-Turkic ... ... Toponymic Dictionary of the Caucasus

NORTH OSSETIA- Republic of North Ossetia Alania, part of Ros. Federation. Pl. 8 thousand km2. Us. 634 thousand people (1989); 53% Ossetians, among other peoples Naib. Russians, Armenians, Georgians, Ukrainians, Kumyks are numerous. Capital Vladikavkaz. In 1989, per 1000 people ... ... Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia

North Ossetia- Sp Šiáurės Osètija Ap North Ossetia/Severnaya Osetiya rusiškai Sp Alãnija Ap Alania osetiškai L RF respublika … Pasaulio vietovardziai. Internetinė duomenų bazė

Books

• South Ossetia in the Collisions of Russian-Georgian Relations, M. Bliev. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. A detailed book by Mark Bliev immerses the reader in history from ancient times, including centuries…
• North Ossetia. Photo album, H. A. Gokoeva, T. A. Dzatseeva. A colorful photo album will tell the reader about the history of North Ossetia, nature and people. The book is printed on coated paper and illustrated with many…
• Kalmykia, North Ossetia, Ingushetia, Chechen, Kabardino-Balkarian, Karachay-Cherkess Republics, Stavropol Territory. Car map, . Your attention is invited to a double-sided full-color folding map of the Republic of Kalmykia, North Ossetia, Ingushetia, Chechen, Kabardino-Balkarian, Karachay-Cherkess, Stavropol ...

To the north - to the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania as part of the Russian Federation. The total area of ​​the whole of Ossetia (as the sum of the areas of South Ossetia and North Ossetia-A) is approximately 11,950 km².

The rivers in the north of Ossetia belong to the Terek river basin, in the south - to the basins of the Liakhva (a tributary of the Kura) and Rioni rivers.

From the southernmost settlement of South Ossetia (the village of Orchosan, Leningorsky district of the Republic of South Ossetia) to the northernmost settlement of North Ossetia (the village of Sadovy, Mozdoksky district of the Republic of North Ossetia) is 225 km.

Story

Here is what the famous Georgian historian and geographer of the 18th century Vakhushti Bagrationi wrote in his work “Description of the Kingdom of Georgia” about the borders of Ossetia:

From the 14th century until the middle of the 17th century, Ossetia existed as an absolutely closed mountainous territory that did not have cities, education, and no chronicle was kept.

In 1774, medieval Ossetia became part of the Russian Empire.

In 1801, the Georgian principality of Kartli-Kakheti, which included part of what is now South Ossetia, becomes part of the Russian Empire.

Russian punitive expedition in the south of Ossetia in the Cheselt Gorge [ ] .

In 1922, Ossetia was divided into two parts: the northern one remained part of the RSFSR, the southern one remained part of the Georgian SSR. The northern part of the Ossetians mainly lived in the North Ossetian Autonomous Republic of the RSFSR, as well as Ossetian enclaves were located in the neighboring Kabardino-Balkarian A.R. SSR, and Karachay-Cherkess A.R. SSR (Laba). The southern part of the Ossetians mainly lived in the South Ossetian Autonomous Region of the Georgian SSR, there were also enclaves of Ossetians in the central part of the Georgian SSR, Kakhetia, the Kazbek region (Trusovskoe Gorge).

Late October - early November 1992 Ossetian-Ingush conflict - hostilities in the eastern part of the Prigorodny district and around the eastern and southern outskirts of the city of Vladikavkaz.

On August 8, 2008, Georgia attacked the city of Tskhinvali, and the southern borders of South Ossetia, hostilities went on from August 8 to August 12.

On August 26, 2008, South Ossetia received partial recognition from the Russian Federation, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Syria, and others.

At meetings of parliamentarians and intellectuals of North and South Ossetia, after 2012, the question of the reunification of the two Ossetias was raised.

Cities

The largest city, cultural and economic center of modern Ossetia is Vladikavkaz (Oset. Dzudzhykhzhu), Tskhinvali also plays a significant role, in which scientific and cultural centers of all-Ossetian significance are located (South Ossetian Research Institute named after Z. Vaneta, South Ossetian Drama Theater, South Ossetian State University and others).

Urban-type settlements :

• Zavodskoy, Yuzhny, Redant, Alkhanchurt - the administration of the city of Vladikavkaz,
• Mizur, Buron, Zgid, Kholst - Alagir district,

It was founded back in 1924. The indigenous population is Ossetians, but other nationalities also live in this territory.

Let's see where North Ossetia is located, that is, what is its geographical position. This republic is part of the North Caucasian Federal District. From this follows a simple conclusion that the entire territory of the state is located in the Caucasus. To be more precise in the wording, then on the northern slope of a large mountain system - the Greater Caucasus. The relief here is distributed as follows: plains and lowlands occupy most of the terrain, and highlands - less than half.

In total, about 700 thousand people live on the territory of the republic. More than 60% of them are urban population. In economic terms, Russia is a strategic partner. The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (its full name) occupies the 80th place in the list of subjects of the Federation in terms of area (less than 8 thousand sq. km). The capital of the state is the city of Vladikavkaz. It is located in the south of Russia on the banks at the foot of the Caucasus Mountains.

Briefly about the main

Vladikavkaz was founded in the Catherine era. In 1784, Pavel Sergeevich Potemkin gave this name - "Own the Caucasus" - to a fortress erected as a Russian outpost in the southern part of the modern city. The future capital of North Ossetia received the status of a city in 1860.

Now it has a little more than 300 thousand people, most of whom are Ossetians, Russians and Armenians.

Vladikavkaz (in Ossetian Dzaudzhikau) is located in the center of the Caucasus. There are short winters and long warm summers. The city is surrounded by picturesque places and natural resources in the form of healing mineral springs and high-quality drinking water.

Transport

At present, Vladikavkaz can be proud of its well-developed transport network. There is an international airport with regular flights to Moscow. Also, it is from these places that the famous Georgian Military Road begins. It is an important communication route between the two states - Russia and Georgia. However, for 4 years (2006 - 2010), the government was forced to temporarily close it. But since March 2010, traffic has been resumed. There is also the Vladikavkaz railway, which connects the city with Rostov-on-Don.

culture

The capital of North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz) will delight fans of intellectual and cultural recreation with numerous theaters, concert halls, museums, libraries, among which the oldest in the North Caucasus is the Republican one. Of the architectural monuments - the Russian Theater, a department store, the Palace of Metallurgists, the Government House, and, of course, the business cards of Vladikavkaz - the Mukhtarov Sunni Mosque and the Orthodox Church of the Nativity, also called the Ossetian Church.

The mosque was built on the left bank of the Terek by the Azerbaijani philanthropist oilman Murtuz-Aga Mukhtarov. During the Soviet era, this building was used to house a branch of the Museum of Local Lore. The Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary is the oldest Orthodox church that Vladikavkaz can be proud of. Until the 90s. In the 20th century, the church served as a burial place for prominent citizens of the republic. Also in Vladikavkaz is the recently built St. George's Cathedral, which is the main cathedral of the Vladikavkaz diocese.

monuments

Many monuments to figures of culture, art, and national heroes have been erected in the city. Among them is an unusual monument to A. S. Pushkin. The poet is depicted sitting in a cart drawn by oxen, in which he traveled around the Caucasus.

During the Great Patriotic War, bloody battles took place in the city and its environs. In 2007, the capital of North Ossetia received an honorary title. One of the national heroes of the Ossetians is a general who became a Hero of the Soviet Union 2 times. In his honor, the most recognizable monument of Vladikavkaz, the equestrian statue of Pliev, was erected on the Terek embankment.

City development

For recreation of local residents and tourists in the city there are many parks. The most popular among them is the Park of Culture and Leisure of the poet K. L. Khetagurov. It offers visitors a restaurant, tennis courts, mini-golf. Another well-known park is the Olympic, built in 2014, the main attraction of which is a luminous musical fountain. In the very center of Vladikavkaz, in its historical and cultural part, there is a tram and pedestrian zone - Mira Avenue, almost all of whose buildings are architectural and cultural monuments.

From May to October, the North Caucasian small railway named after Valentina Tereshkova operates for little townspeople and guests of the city. The capital of North Ossetia has a beautiful embankment of the Terek River.

Wellness and sports

The most popular sports in Vladikavkaz and North Ossetia are football and wrestling. All Ossetians support the local football club "Alania", which became the champion of Russia in 1995.

Not far from the city is the village of Redant, close to which there are well-known sanatoriums "Ossetia", "Redant", camp sites, an arboretum.

The North Caucasus is the site of many ethnic and interstate conflicts, the political structure of which is unstable. North and South Ossetia often become one of the parties to conflicts. Today, even an educated person may not answer the question "North Ossetia - is it or not?". Let's try to figure it out.

The ancestors of the Ossetians are considered nomadic Alans. This is an Iranian-speaking people, related to the Sarmatians. At the turn of the old and new eras, they settled in the foothills of the Caucasus and the Black Sea region. The invasion of the Huns forced the Alans to retreat to the mountainous regions.

In the Early Middle Ages, the Alans were dependent on the Khazar Khaganate. After its decline, they founded their own state in the 10th century, which went down in history as Alanya. In the XIII century, the armies of the Mongols fell upon the state, weakened by civil strife.

The Alans scattered across the Caucasus. In the Middle Ages they were called Ossetians - the very word of Georgian origin. During the reign of Empress Elizabeth of Russia, the process of incorporating Ossetia into Russia began. The territories that were considered to belong to the Alans in ancient times were allowed to be settled by their descendants. Under Catherine II, Ossetia became part of the Russian Empire.

Two Ossetia: South

The division of the Ossetian people into two states may be the reason why modern people doubt: is North Ossetia now Russia or not? The opposition to North-South Ossetia appeared as early as the 19th century in the documents of Russian officials in the Caucasus. South Ossetia was formed due to the resettlement of Ossetians to the lands of Georgia. This part of the Caucasus became part of Russia in 1801 at the same time as Eastern Georgia.

In 1922, after the revolution, South Ossetia received the status of an autonomous region within the Georgian SSR. The city of Tskhinvali was appointed the capital of the region. The Georgians put pressure on the semi-independent part of their republic and imposed their language on the Ossetians.

When Georgia left the USSR, the Ossetians tried to secede against the pressure of the Georgian government. In 1992, the majority of South Ossetians voted for independence. In the 1990s - 2000s, South Ossetia remained an unrecognized republic. After the 2008 conflict, it formally became an independent state, but this is not recognized by most states.

Two Ossetia: North

North Ossetia today is a subject of the Russian Federation with the status of a republic. It is part of the North Caucasian Federal District. The capital of the subject of the federation is located in the city of Vladikavkaz. In the post-Soviet era, the republic acquired its own state paraphernalia. In 1994, the Parliament of North Ossetia adopted the coat of arms, flag and anthem of the republic within the Russian Federation. In modern Ossetia, the memory of the Alans is being revived. The name "Alania" is included in the official name of the republic.

In 1921, in the Caucasus, the Bolsheviks organized the Mountain Republic, of which the territory of Ossetia became a part. The history of the modern Republic of Ossetians began in 1924 with the formation of an autonomous region within the Mountain Republic. In 1936 the region was reorganized into a republic.

After the collapse of the USSR, North Ossetia remained part of Russia. The tension of the post-Soviet era and the resumption of previous conflicts led to a war between North Ossetia and Ingushetia. The fighting led to the death of more than 600 people and the flight of the Ingush population from Ossetia.

Today, about 700 thousand people live in North Ossetia. Of these, more than 60% belong to the Ossetian people. In second place are Russians, in third place are Ingush, of whom there are about 26,000 left in the republic. The rest of the population of the region are other peoples of the Caucasus and Transcaucasia (Chechens, Armenians, Georgians, Azerbaijanis).

In North Ossetia, twenty-two cities with a population of over five thousand inhabitants can be counted. The most populous of them is Vladikavkaz. Once it was founded as an outpost of the Russian Empire in the region. Later it was the center of the Mountainous Republic and the North Ossetian Autonomous Region, which was transformed into a republic.

In the Mozdok tract, now the second largest city of the republic, was founded in the 18th century by the Ossetian prince Kurgoka Konchokin, who converted to Christianity and settled baptized Ossetians and Kabardians there. With the formation of the Caucasian province, Mozdok received the status of a county town.

In 1847, Ossetian settlers founded the settlement of Beslan, which became the third largest city in the republic. Unfortunately, the city became best known because of the tragic events of 2004, when terrorists seized a school there.

Although some people find themselves in difficulty with the question "North Ossetia is Russia or not?", But this region is strongly associated with. Ossetians were part of the Soviet and later Russian states and contributed to their development. North Ossetia remains a region with its own unique culture.