HIV infection is one of the most progressive sexually transmitted diseases in the world. It is also worth noting that AIDS statistics in the world, as a rule, absolutely do not correspond to the true picture of the spread of the disease, since research methods are based only on patients who are served in medical institutions. At the same time, most carriers and patients are not even aware of their infection due to unwillingness or lack of access to a doctor.

Another factor contributing to the concealment of truthful information about the spread of AIDS in the world is the fear of politicians and doctors to be guilty of the inability to contain the avalanche of infection that is rapidly moving towards humanity.

The state of the spread of HIV in the world

The number of HIV-infected people in the world is growing exponentially. First of all, this is due to the fact that the problem of AIDS in the world does not lend itself to the basic rules for combating infectious diseases, which are based on the exclusion of one of the components of the epidemiological process:

1. The source of the disease.
2. transmission path.
3. susceptible population.

In the countries of the world, HIV has long been the number one problem. For every infection to spread, there must be a source, a route of transmission that ensures that the virus reaches a susceptible population. In the case of HIV, there is no way to act on any of the three components that contribute to the spread of the disease. A huge problem is that most people become infected from virus carriers who are in the so-called “serological window”, when a person is already infected, but the tests are still negative. It has not been possible to exclude the latter factor for many decades, since the invention of a vaccine against immunodeficiency has been postponed indefinitely due to insufficient knowledge, research and technical capabilities.

Given the above, the statistics of HIV in the world will worsen every year, as many people on the planet underestimate the danger of the immunodeficiency virus. The current HIV epidemiological situation in the world can only be affected by awareness of the population and support for the fight against AIDS at the state level.

The prevalence of HIV infection (AIDS) in the world

Only by the end of the eighties, the statistics of HIV-infected people in the world reached indicators that shocked the world community. In 142 countries, the World Health Organization found more than 120,000 people with AIDS and more than 100,000 infected with a retrovirus. The real prevalence of HIV in the world is much higher than these data, since there is always a percentage of the population that is not registered in medical institutions and therefore cannot be taken into account in statistical indicators. There are also carriers who are not even aware of their infection. The AIDS epidemic in the world affects mainly people of reproductive age. This leads to a significant loss of the able-bodied population, a decrease in the birth rate of healthy children and, accordingly, a decrease in the health indicator of all strata of humanity.

How many HIV-infected people are there in the world?

The question that interests many is how many people have AIDS in the world today? The countries of southern Africa, India, Russia, the USA and Latin America occupy the first place in terms of HIV in the world. In these states, infected people make up approximately 15% of the total population. Every year, the number of HIV-infected people in the countries of the world increases by 5-10 million. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, the number of AIDS patients in the world amounted to more than 60 million. The first place in AIDS in the world community is occupied by the countries of southern Africa. Due to the unstable economic situation, the possibility of treating and identifying HIV-infected people is very difficult. This leads to a rapid and rapid spread of immunodeficiency among people. The disease progresses very quickly to stage 4 - AIDS.

The epidemiological situation of HIV infection in the world

Countries where the incidence of immunodeficiency is rapidly increasing:

1. Brazil.
2. countries of Central Africa.
3. Haiti.
4. Indonesia.
5. Bangladesh.
6. Pakistan.
7. Mexico.
8. United Kingdom.
9. Turkey.

The ways of spreading AIDS in the countries of the world to some extent depend on the economic situation in the state and on its policy towards HIV-infected people. There are such features:

1. The countries of the European Union, the USA, Australia and New Zealand are characterized by a high early detection of the disease among the population. This is due to compulsory health insurance and relatively frequent high-quality medical examinations. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that 80% of the infected were found among homosexual men and drug addicts who use intravenous drugs. In childhood, the incidence is practically not recorded. This is due to the timely and high-quality treatment of infected pregnant women, which prevents the vertical transmission of immunodeficiency (from a sick mother to a healthy fetus through the placenta, blood, breast milk). Cases of non-sexual transmission in these countries are practically not registered.
2. For the states of Africa and the adjacent warm islands, as well as the states of the Caribbean, Indonesia, the rate of early detection of AIDS is very low. In these countries, the majority of patients are heterosexual. Their age is 18-38 years. Most of these people were infected through sexual contact with prostitutes. Studies show that more than 90% of them are infected with a retrovirus. In Africa, HIV transmission is often associated with sexual contact with an ill woman. More often, such intercourse additionally leads to diseases that are sexually transmitted. And genital ulcers that develop due to these pathologies lead to a higher likelihood of transmission of the pathogen. In such states, transfusion of blood and its products from an infected donor to a healthy recipient is not uncommon.
3. Countries where HIV has been introduced relatively recently. These include Asia and Eastern Europe. Infection with a retrovirus here occurs mainly through sexual contact. The highest risk of infection in people who have many sexual partners do not neglect unprotected relationships with prostitutes.

HIV in Russia

The Urals Federal District occupies the first place in terms of HIV in the Russian Federation. About 800 patients per 100 thousand of the population are registered in it, which is a very high figure. Over the past 15 years, cases of detection of immunodeficiency in pregnant women have increased by 15% in Russia. At the same time, such women are registered at a later date, which leads to intrauterine infection of the fetus due to the lack of necessary treatment in the early stages of embryo formation. The Siberian Federal District also claims the first place in Russia in terms of AIDS, in which about 600 infected per 100 thousand of the population are registered, most of them have the last stage of the development of the disease, that is, AIDS.

Medical news in the world of HIV

Nowadays, the task of creating a vaccine against a retrovirus in scientists is in the first place. Now a huge amount of research work is being carried out in the field of molecular microbiology, which undoubtedly brings humanity closer to the creation of an AIDS vaccine. Despite this, there are a number of factors that prevent the possibility of obtaining such a drug:

• The high ability of the virus to mutate.
• A variety of HIV strains (currently 2 types are known).
• The need to fight not only with a retrovirus, but also with infected cells of the body, as well as AIDS-associated infections.

Due to the fact that the spread of HIV in the world is growing every year, many patients simply do not have time to wait for a vaccine. Therefore, the main way in the fight against this disease should be directed to preventive measures. All HIV-infected people in the world receive free treatment, which provides them with the most comfortable life. With adequate and competent therapy, patients can live a full and long life. Treatment of HIV in the world is carried out in regional AIDS centers according to uniform standards and provides for an individual approach to any patient, the selection of a scheme depending on the stage of progression of the pathology. The main principle of medical care is maximum confidentiality.

AIDS is constantly spreading among the world's population, while curing it completely is not yet possible. Therefore, it is worth directing maximum efforts to prevent such a dangerous pathology.

"The epidemiological situation of HIV infection in the Russian Federation continues to deteriorate." These words begin a note prepared by the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and published by the Russian news agency Ura.ru. The document collects the most important epidemiological indicators, such as the number of new HIV infections, the overall prevalence of HIV infection in the population and the age groups in which the infection is most common. The most common ways of transmission of the virus are also named.

Destroying the intrigue, let's say right away that the final statement of the authors of the document looks disappointing. “While maintaining the current pace of the spread of HIV infection and the absence of adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread, the forecast for the development of the situation is unfavorable,” the certificate states.

How bad things are can be judged by the following data. Cases of HIV infection have been registered in all subjects of the country. At the same time, the number of regions with a high prevalence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the total population) is constantly growing. In 2014, there were 22 such regions, in 2017 - already 32. In total, 49.5% of Russian residents live in such disadvantaged regions.- that is, almost half of the population of the country.

We put the 10 regions in which the prevalence of HIV infection is maximum in a separate table.

According to the authors of the help, “HIV infection has gone beyond vulnerable populations and is actively spreading in the general population”. More than half (53.5%) of patients in 2017 became infected through heterosexual contacts, while the proportion of those infected through injecting drug use decreased to 43.6%.

As for the coverage of patients with dispensary observation and treatment, these figures are growing year by year. However, the 90-90-90 targets (all UN members committed to identify 90% of HIV-infected people by 2020, 90% of them on antiretroviral therapy and 90% of those on treatment to achieve viral load suppression) are still far away: treatment covered only 35.5% of the number of people living with a diagnosis of HIV infection, or 47.8% of the number of those who were under dispensary observation.

“The treatment coverage achieved in Russia does not solve the problem of preventive measures and does not allow to radically reduce the spread of the disease and the increase in mortality from HIV infection,” the document says.

But even these figures do not fully reflect the real situation. As explained to the agency Ura.ru According to the Federal Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, “treatment coverage is the percentage of people who see doctors. But not everyone gets registered: about 25 percent do not reach doctors. You can’t reach this group with treatment, even if the drugs are “loaded”: one is afraid that his infection will become known, the other is afraid to go to the doctor, the third does not go, because the disease has not manifested itself for a long time, the fourth - because he does not have interest in treatment. No matter how much we treat those who go to the doctors, the rest who do not come will spread the disease. We need special programs to attract these people to treatment.”

Indeed, it is now impossible to “attract to treatment”. Therefore, all of us can only hope for the awareness and responsibility of HIV-infected people, and also that they will not believe the stories of the so-called HIV dissidents and will make the right decision about the timely start of antiretroviral therapy. After all, not only the duration and quality of life of the patients themselves, but also the rate of spread of infection in the general population depends on this decision.

According to the report announced at the Fifth International Conference on HIV, held in March 2016 in Moscow, the following ranking of 10 countries was compiled by the number of people infected with AIDS. The incidence of AIDS in these countries is so high that it has the status of an epidemic.

AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome secondary to HIV infection. It is the last stage of the disease of an HIV-infected person, accompanied by the development of infection, tumor manifestations, general weakness, and ultimately leads to death.

1.2 million patients with 14 million population. Therefore, it is not surprising that the average life expectancy there is 38 years.

9th place. Russia

In 2016, the number of people infected with AIDS in Russia exceeded 1 million people according to Russian healthcare, 1.4 million according to the EECAAC-2016 report. Moreover, the number of infected in the last few years has been growing rapidly. For example: every 50th inhabitant of Yekaterinburg is HIV-positive.

In Russia, more than half of patients became infected through a needle while injecting a drug. This way of infection is not the main one for any country in the world. Why exactly in Russia such statistics? Many say it was driven by the move away from oral methadone as a substitute for injecting drugs.

Many mistakenly believe that the problem of infection of drug addicts is only their problem, it is not so scary if the "dregs of society" acquire diseases that lead to death. A person who uses drugs is not a monster that can be easily identified in a crowd. He leads a completely normal life for a long time. Therefore, spouses and children of drug addicts are often infected. There are cases when infection occurs in clinics, beauty salons after poor disinfection of instruments.

Until society realizes the real threat, until random partners stop assessing the presence of STDs “by eye”, until the government changes its attitude towards drug addicts, we will rapidly rise in this rating.

8th place. Kenya

6.7% of the population of this former English colony are HIV carriers, namely 1.4 million people. Moreover, among women, the infection is higher, since in Kenya the social level of the female population is low. Perhaps the rather free manners of Kenyan women also play a role - they easily approach sex here.

7th place. Tanzania

Of the 49 million people in this African country, just over 5% (1.5 million) have AIDS. There are areas in which the infection rate exceeds 10%: this is Njobe, far from the tourist routes, and the capital of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam.

6th place. Uganda

The government of this country is making great efforts to combat the problem of HIV. For example, if in 2011 there were 28 thousand children born with HIV, then in 2015 - 3.4 thousand. The number of new infections in the adult population has also decreased by 50%. The 24-year-old king of Toro (one of the regions of Uganda) took control of the epidemic into his own hands and promised to stop the epidemic by 2030. There are one and a half million cases in this country.

5th place. Mozambique

More than 10% of the population (1.5 million people) are infected with HIV, and the country does not have its own forces to fight the disease. About 0.6 million children in this country are orphans due to the death of their parents from AIDS.

4th place. Zimbabwe

1.6 million infected per 13 million inhabitants. Such figures have led to widespread prostitution, lack of basic knowledge about contraception and general poverty.

3rd place. India

Official figures are about 2 million patients, unofficial ones are much higher. Traditional Indian society is quite closed, many people ignore health problems. Educational work with young people is practically not carried out, it is unethical to talk about condoms in schools. Hence the almost complete illiteracy in matters of protection, which distinguishes this country from the countries of Africa, where getting condoms is not a problem. According to surveys, 60% of Indian women have never heard of AIDS.

2nd place. Nigeria

3.4 million HIV patients per 146 million population, less than 5% of the population. The number of infected women is higher than men. Since there is no free healthcare in the country, the most terrible situation is in the poor segments of the population.

1 place. South Africa

The country with the highest incidence of AIDS. Approximately 15% of the population is infected with the virus (6.3 million). About a quarter of high school girls already have HIV. Life expectancy is 45 years. Imagine a country where few people have grandparents. Scary? Although South Africa is recognized as the most economically developed country in Africa, most of the population lives below the poverty line. The government is doing a lot of work to stop the spread of AIDS, providing free condoms and testing. However, the poor are convinced that AIDS is a white invention, as are condoms, and therefore both should be avoided.

Bordering South Africa, Swaziland is a country of 1.2 million people, half of whom are HIV positive. The average resident of Swaziland does not live up to 37 years.

Many countries consider HIV infection as the main problem in the formation of a healthy nation all over the world. Depending on the economic state of the state, the ability to quickly and accurately detect infected people, timely high-quality treatment of patients, as well as the awareness of the population about the danger of the disease and prevention methods, the indicator that determines which country has the most HIV (AIDS) incidence depends.

The popularity of the state in the world community and economic growth depend on this indicator in the 21st century. Many highly developed countries do not allow entry into their territory without passing an appropriate analysis, which indicates the government's interest in the health of its population. In the Russian Federation every year every working person is required to take an analysis to determine the retrovirus in the blood. This allows you to control the disease and take appropriate measures to prevent immunodeficiency. For example, in Belarus, when crossing a border checkpoint, one must document one's HIV-negativity. But in Europe, this document is not always required. In any case, when traveling to another country, you must have such data with you, which are valid for 3 months.

Countries according to the number of HIV-infected people are divided into 3 levels:

1. States in which the causative agent of AIDS is transmitted among men - homo- and bisexual, drug addicts using intravenous potent substances. These include the USA, Brazil, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Mexico, Great Britain, Turkey. These countries have a high rate of infected per 100,000 population, which ranges from 53 to 246 patients, depending on the region.
2. The disease occurs among heterosexuals when the pathogen is transmitted sexually through contact with a prostitute. At the same time, a high degree of possibility of infection in people with many sexual partners. Often such patients are also exposed to sexually transmitted diseases. Such regions include the countries of Asia and Eastern Europe. They have a relatively low rate of those infected with a retrovirus, which is from 20 to 50 patients per 100,000 population.
3. In China, Japan, Nigeria, Egypt, the incidence of HIV infection is lower than in other countries of the world. Here, the disease is considered imported and occurs most often in prostitutes and those who use their services. These countries have a low rate of infected, which is from 6 to 16 patients per hundred thousand citizens.

Countries heavily infected with HIV pose a great danger to the population of the Earth. The statistics of such states show that the infection with immunodeficiency is growing every year. This suggests that either the country is not fighting AIDS or the actions taken are not effective. There is a list that includes the most dangerous countries in terms of HIV transmission. The rating below shows the level of danger in them:

1. SOUTH AFRICA. It has the highest degree of infection of the population with a retrovirus. It is believed that approximately a quarter of the population is affected by immunodeficiency. There are 5.6 million patients with AIDS here. The state has an HIV mortality index of about 1 million people a year, infected - 15% of the total number of citizens.
2. India. AIDS has affected 2.4 million people here. In the country, the mortality rate from immunodeficiency varies from 1% to 2% per year, the number of HIV-infected people is 10-12% of the population.
3. Kenya has the lowest rate of HIV (AIDS) in Africa. Statistics speak of 1.5 million patients. The country has a mortality index from a retrovirus - 0.75 million people, 7.5% of the population are infected with this pathogen.
4. Tanzania, Mozambique. There are 0.99-0.34 million people with AIDS here, depending on the region. These countries have an immunodeficiency mortality index of 0.2-0.5 million citizens per year, 8-12% of the population is infected.
5. USA, Uganda, Nigeria, Zambia, Zimbabwe. There are 1.2 million people with AIDS. These countries have a total HIV mortality index of 0.3-0.4 million people per year, 5% of the population is infected.
6. Russia. HIV-infected people in Russia amount to 0.98 million people. Mortality from AIDS reaches a level slightly less than 3-4% of all cases. The most HIV-infected city in Russia is Yekaterinburg. It is believed that one in 50 residents of the city is infected with a retrovirus.
7. Uzbekistan. The infection in Uzbekistan affected 32,743 people. Of these, 57% are men.
8. Azerbaijan. The number of HIV (AIDS) patients in Azerbaijan is 131 people. Of these, 36 women and 95 men.
9. United Arab Emirates. Recently, the detection rate of HIV infection among Arabs has increased. According to the latest data, the incidence index is 350-370 thousand per 367 million population.

HIV (AIDS) in Kazakhstan

According to the latest report, HIV-infected people in Kazakhstan account for 0.01%. At the end of 2016, 22,474 cases of infection were registered. 16,530 people with AIDS have been identified. Among the total number of infected men are 69%, women - 31%. Although the female sex occupies a smaller proportion among those infected, their number is gradually growing. The government is actively involved in the treatment of HIV (AIDS) in Kazakhstan. The effectiveness of the program is evidenced by:

increasing the number of early detection of patients;

an increase in the number of patients who received antiretroviral therapy;

decrease in the birth rate of infected children.

HIV in the USA

The number of HIV-infected people in the United States is growing every year. The country has a high level of economy, which contributes to the early detection of those infected and the appointment of adequate treatment in the initial stages of the disease. This helps to reduce the aggressiveness of the virus, prolong life and improve its quality.

How many people are HIV positive in the US? To a greater extent in America, immunodeficiency is common among homosexuals. It is believed that there are about 2.6 million carriers of the infection in the United States. But the high level of medical care makes it possible to take good care of such patients, making their life the same as that of healthy people.

How common is HIV in Russia?

AIDS in Russia has not yet won the status of an epidemic, but the growing figures indicate the possibility of a rapid progression of infection among people in the country. HIV infection in Russia is considered one of the most dangerous pathologies, because there is no vaccine for its prevention, and only the self-awareness of citizens can lead to a decrease in the incidence rate.

Where did AIDS come to Russia from? The first confirmed case of immunodeficiency was discovered in Moscow in the family of a seafarer. After a 9-month business trip to hot countries, he was hospitalized in his hometown with pneumocystis pneumonia, which very often affects infected people due to a decrease in the barrier function of immunity. The examination revealed the human immunodeficiency virus. The man died a few months later, and his family had to move to the other side of the country, change their names so that their ill-wishers would not find them.

Since this period, the level of HIV incidence in Russia has been gradually growing, violating the standard indicators of the health of the population and reducing its efficiency.

How many HIV-infected people are in Russia? At the end of 2016, the quantitative index among those infected with a retrovirus was 0.98 million. This number is considered one of the lowest in the world, while AIDS mortality in the Russian Federation is stable at an average level. In the regions of Russia, the situation of HIV incidence is different. This is due to several factors:

1. Religiosity.
2. The population of the region.
3. Economic importance.
4. The quality of medical equipment and service.

How many people have HIV (AIDS) in Russia? The largest figure in the Ural Federal District. The incidence has the highest numerical indicator among other regions of the country. It is 757.2 infected per 100,000 people.

The Siberian Federal District has an incidence index of 532 infected people per 100,000 citizens. Privolzhsky Federal District - 424 patients for the same population.

Among all the federal districts of the country, the North Caucasian Federal District has the lowest rate, here the level is 58 people per 100,000 population.

The number of AIDS patients in Russia in the Far Eastern Federal District is 172 infected. How many people are ill with HIV (AIDS) in Russia in the North-West region? The incidence index in this district is 407 patients per 100,000 population.

The number of HIV, AIDS-infected people in Russia is progressing upward every year, so only preventive measures can reduce the incidence among citizens of the Russian Federation.

Thanks to the standards of immunodeficiency treatment, the state program for detection and therapeutic assistance, the number of patients with HIV infection (AIDS) in Russia has slightly decreased. The rate of birth of infected children has decreased, which indicates the early detection of a retrovirus in pregnant women and the appointment of correct and effective treatment for them.

Thanks to the simplification of testing for retroviruses and the constant screening of the population, the dynamics of HIV disease in Russia tends to reduce mortality rates. Some facts suggest that the number of carriers of the pathogen is increasing. But on closer examination, it turns out that the number of examined citizens is growing every year, and this leads to an overestimation of the absolute incidence rate.

There is no need to be afraid that there are a million HIV-infected people in Russia. If you adhere to the basics of personal hygiene and prevention methods, the risk of infection approaches zero. You need to know that the best means of protection against retrovirus infection are barrier contraceptives, sterile instruments.

Official statistics of HIV, AIDS in Russia

At the beginning of 2017 The total number of HIV infections among Russian citizens has reached 1,114,815 people(in the world - 36.7 million HIV-infected). Of them died for different reasons 243,863 HIV-infected according to the monitoring form of Rospotrebnadzor "Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identify and treat HIV patients." In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection. As of July 1, 2017 the number of HIV-infected people in Russia amounted to 1 167 581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons ( in the 1st half of 2017 years already dead 14 631 HIV-infected that 13.6% more than for 6 months of 2016.). Population stricken rate RF HIV infection in 2017 was 795,3 infected with HIV per 100 thousand of the population of Russia.

In 2016. It revealed 103 438 new cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens (excluding those identified anonymously and foreign citizens), which is 5.3% more than in 2015 the annual growth averaged 10%. HIV incidence rate in 2016 made up 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

In terms of the rate of growth in the incidence of HIV infection, Russia has taken 3rd place after the Republic of South Africa and Nigeria.

For the 1st half of 2017 in Russia revealed 52 766 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation. HIV incidence rate in 1st half of 2017 made up 35,9 cases of HIV infection per 100,000 population. Most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Increasing the rate of growth of new cases HIV infections in 2017(but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda Oblast, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016, in terms of incidence in the Russian Federation The following regions and cities were in the lead:

1. Kemerovo region (228.8 new cases of HIV infection were registered per 100,000 population — total 6,217 HIV-infected), including in the town Kemerovo 1,876 HIV-infected.
2. Irkutsk region (163.6% 000 - 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were detected in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. In 2016 in the city Irkutsk registered 2 450 new infected with HIV, in 2017 - 1,107. Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV.
3. Samara region (161.5% 000 - 5,189 HIV-infected, including in the city of Samara 1,201 HIV-infected), for 7 months of 2017 - 1,184 people. (59.8% 000).
4. Sverdlovsk region (156.9% 000 - 6,790 HIV-infected), including in the city of Yekaterinburg 5,874 HIV-infected (the most HIV-infected city in Russia / Or well reveal? ed./).
5. Chelyabinsk region (154.0% 000 - 5,394 HIV-infected),
6. Tyumen region (150.5% 000 - 2 224 people - 1.1% of the population), for the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were detected in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic.
7. Tomsk region (138.0% 000 - 1 489 people.),
8. Novosibirsk region (137.1% 000) regions (3 786 people.), incl. in the town Novosibirsk 3 213 HIV-infected.
9. Krasnoyarsk Territory (129.5% 000 - 3 716 people.)
10. Perm Territory (125.1% 000 - 3 294 people.)
11. Altai Territory (114.1% 000 - 2 721 people.)
12. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (124.7% 000 - 2010 people)
13. Orenburg region (117.6% 000 - 2 340 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 650 people (32.7% 000).
14. Omsk region (110.3% 000 - 2 176 people.), for 7 months of 2017, 1184 cases were detected, the incidence rate was 59.8% 000.
15. Kurgan region (110.1% 000 - 958 people.)
16. Ulyanovsk region (97.2% 000 - 1 218 people.), in 1 sq. 2017 - 325 people (25.9% 000).
17. Tver region (74.0% 000 - 973 people.)
18. Nizhny Novgorod region (71.1% 000 - 2 309 people.) areas, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people (18.9% 000).
19. Republic of Crimea (83.0% 000 - 1 943 people),
20. Khakassia (82.7% 000 - 445 people),
21. Udmurtia (75.1% 000 - 1 139 people.),
22. Bashkortostan (68.3% 000 - 2 778 people.), in 1 sq. 2017 - 688 people (16.9% 000).
23. Moscow (62.2% 000 - 7 672 people)

Note: %000 is the number of HIV-infected people per 100,000 people.

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

Subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

The most significant growth (speed, growth rate of new HIV cases per unit of time) incidence in 2016 was observed in Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Region, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk Regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Nenets Autonomous Region, Samara Region and Jewish Autonomous Region.

Number of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

afflicted HIV infection of the population of Russia as of December 31, 2016 amounted to 594.3 per 100 thousand people Cases of HIV infection have been registered in all subjects of the Russian Federation. In 2017, the incidence was 795.3 per 100,000 of us.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the total population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country's population lived.

Dynamics of prevalence and incidence of HIV infection in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016

To the most affected regions of the Russian Federation relate:

1. Sverdlovsk Region (1,647.9%,000 people living with HIV were registered per 100,000 population - 71,354 people. In 2017, there were already about 86,000 people infected with HIV), including in Yekaterinburg more than 27,131 HIV-infected people have been registered, i.e. every 50th city dweller is infected with HIV It's a real epidemic. Serov (1454.2% 000 - 1556 people). Infected with HIV - 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov.
2. Irkutsk region (1636.0% 000 - 39473 people). Total identified HIV-infected at the beginning 2017- 49,494 people, at the beginning of June (almost six months) 2017 51,278 people were registered with a diagnosis of HIV infection. AT the city of Irkutsk more than 31,818 people have been identified for all the time.
3. Kemerovo region (1582.5% 000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo more than 10,125 patients with HIV infection have been registered.
4. Samara region (1476.9% 000 - 47350 people),
5. Orenburg region (1217.0% 000 - 24276 people) regions,
6. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1201.7% 000 - 19550 people),
7. Leningrad region (1147.3% 000 - 20410 people),
8. Tyumen region (1085.4% 000 - 19768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20787 people.
9. Chelyabinsk region (1079.6% 000 - 37794 people),
10. Novosibirsk region (1021.9% 000 - 28227 people) region. As of May 19, 2017 in the city of Novosibirsk more than 34 thousand HIV-infected people have been registered - every 47 resident of Novosibirsk has HIV (!).
11. Perm Territory (950.1% 000 - 25030 people),
12. St. Petersburg (978.6% 000 - 51140 people),
13. Ulyanovsk region (932.5% 000 - 11728 people),
14. Republic of Crimea (891.4% 000 - 17,000 people),
15. Altai Territory (852.8% 000 - 20268 people),
16. Krasnoyarsk Territory (836.4% 000 - 23970 people),
17. Kurgan region (744.8% 000 - 6419 people),
18. Tver region (737.5% 000 - 9622 people),
19. Tomsk region (727.4% 000 - 7832 people),
20. Ivanovo region (722.5% 000 - 7440 people),
21. Omsk region (644.0% 000 - 12741 people), as of August 1, 2017, 16 099 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate is 813.7% 000.
22. Murmansk region (638.2% 000 - 4864 people),
23. Moscow region (629.3% 000 - 46056 people),
24. Kaliningrad region (608.4% 000 - 5941 people).
25. Moscow (413.0% 000 - 50909 people)

Age structure

The highest level of damage HIV infection of the population is observed in the group 30-39 years old, 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection. Women become infected with HIV at a younger age, already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV, the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 years is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has changed radically. In 2000, 87% of patients were diagnosed with HIV before the age of 30. Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed HIV infections in 2000, as a result of an annual decrease in 2016, this group was only 1.2%.

Age and sex of HIV-infected people.

HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years (19.9%), the share of young people aged 20-30 decreased to 23.2%. An increase in the proportion of newly detected cases was also observed in older age groups, and cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

It should be noted that at low testing coverage of adolescents and youth, more than 1100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among people aged 15-20 years. According to preliminary data the largest number of HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) was registered in 2016 in Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sex with an HIV-infected partner (77% of cases in girls, 61% in boys).

Structure of the deceased

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, detection and treatment of HIV patients”. The highest annual mortality was registered in the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Mordovia, the Kemerovo Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Ulyanovsk Region, the Republic of Adygea, the Tambov Region, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the Chuvash Republic, the Samara Region, the Primorsky Territory, the Tula Region, Krasnodar, Perm Territories, Kurgan region.

Treatment coverage

At the dispensary in specialized medical organizations in 2016 there were 675,403 patients infected with HIV, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the monitoring form of Rospotrebnadzor.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients who were in places of deprivation of liberty. In the 1st half of 2017 received antiretroviral therapy 298 888 patients, about 100,000 new patients were added for therapy in 2017 (drugs for all most likely will not be enough, because the purchase was according to the figures of 2016). Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation was 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection; among those on dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy. The achieved treatment coverage does not play the role of a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing, the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016 in Russia there were tested for HIV 30 752 828 blood samples from Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples from foreign citizens. The total number of tested serum samples of Russian citizens increased by 8.5% compared to 2015, while among foreign citizens it decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, the maximum number of positive results in the immunoblot in Russians over the entire history of observation was revealed - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results). The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, therefore it differs significantly from the number of newly registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV. Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up an insignificant part of those tested for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but among these groups 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were detected. When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% of HIV-positive people were detected for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during the epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, STI patients - 0.7%.

Transmission path structure

In 2016, the role of sexual transmission of HIV infection has grown significantly. According to preliminary data, among those newly identified in 2016 HIV-positive with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% were infected through drug use with non-sterile instruments, 48.7% - through heterosexual contacts, 1.5% - through homosexual contacts, -0, 45% were children infected from mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. The number of children infected through breastfeeding is growing: in 2016, 59 such children were registered, in 2015 - 47, 2014 - 41 children. In 2016, 16 cases were registered with suspected infection in medical organizations when using non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases when blood components were transfused from donors to recipients. Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries.

Distribution of HIV-infected people by means of infection.

findings

1. In the Russian Federation in 2016, the epidemic situation of HIV infection continued to worsen and the trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resumption of the global HIV epidemic, which, according to the UN report in July 2016, began to decline.
2. The high incidence of HIV infection remained, the total number and number of deaths of HIV-infected people increased, and the emergence of the epidemic from vulnerable groups of the population into the general population intensified.
3. If the current pace of the spread of HIV infection persists and there are no adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread, the forecast for the development of the situation remains unfavorable.
4. It is required to intensify organizational and preventive measures to counteract the HIV epidemic in the country.