"Vulgarity was his enemy..." "his enemy could be vulgarity

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a famous Russian writer, a master of a short story. A wonderful, noble man, he dreamed that people were beautiful, happy and free. He said: “Everything in a person should be beautiful: the face, and clothes, and the soul, and thoughts.”

Unfortunately, in real life there were few beautiful people, more often the writer had to deal with rudeness, rudeness, heartlessness and groveling - with all that Chekhov calls vulgarity. In the name of love for a person, he ridiculed philistinism, vulgarity, philistinism - everything that disfigures the soul. Gorky said of Chekhov: "Vulgarity was his enemy, and he fought against it all his life."

Especially Chekhov was unbearable self-humiliation of man, servility, servility. In a number of stories, the writer mercilessly ridiculed servitude, the slavish psychology of people. In The Death of an Official, Chekhov tells of the little official Chervyakov, who, sitting in the theater and accidentally sneezing, splashed the state councilor. The very name of the hero speaks of the essence of the behavior of this person. He wriggles like a worm in front of a higher rank and after repeated apologies, without calming down, terribly worried, he dies.

Another story is "Thick and Thin". Two friends met by chance at the station: a fat one and a thin one. They are both happy to meet, embrace. But when the thin one suddenly finds out that his friend has risen to the rank of privy councilor, he suddenly turns pale, embarrassed and begins to behave differently: “So much reverence, sweetness and respectful acid were written on the face of the thin one, that the privy councilor vomited.”

In "Chamber No. 6" the writer talks about an already established personality, and Chekhov writes about the fall of a person, his gradual degradation in the story "Ionych". This is a story about how a good person with good inclinations gradually turns into a stupid, greedy and indifferent layman. The hero of the story, Dmitry Ionych Startsev, is a young doctor, full of energy and strength, so passionate about his work that even on holidays he had no free time, interested in literature and art. He feels lonely among the townsfolk, he has nothing to talk about with them. But gradually Startsev gets used to the boring philistine environment, and his family name is “Ionych”. The hero puts up with the environment and turns into a well-fed, important, indifferent to everything tradesman. Now he willingly plays cards in the evenings, and when he comes home, he counts money with pleasure. In four years, Startsev's soul hardened, and his activities turned into a means of acquiring capital.

But Chekhov believed that much depends on the person himself, that a true person is able to resist the influence of the environment. Such is Dr. Dymov from the story "The Jumper". The idle, empty life that his wife leads did not suck him in because he is selflessly devoted to his work, he is all in the work that he loves very much. He even dies saving a sick child. Nadia in the story "The Bride" found the strength to escape from the swamp of philistine, "case" life and leave to study in the capital. Thus, Chekhov believes that only the environment cannot be blamed, there is a wormhole in the person himself. If the inclinations, high aspirations are not realized, then the person did not have inner strength and firm convictions.

Chekhov believed that a person should have a high life goal, and when it is insignificant, then a person becomes small. Such is the hero of the story "Gooseberry", who all his life dreamed of getting rich, acquiring his estate and planting gooseberries in it. By the end of his life, his dream came true. The hero has turned into a savage man, a stupid, fat man in the street. Chekhov said that a person needs not three arshins of earth, but the entire globe so that he can apply his strength, vigor, youth: “While you are young, strong, cheerful, do not get tired of doing good!”

Chekhov was convinced that labor guides and ennobles a person. In addition, the writer considered the ability to feel, to love important for people. Love kills vulgarity, its germs.

A noble goal, work and love - this is what can defeat vulgarity. This is what Chekhov called for in his works. Chekhov's stories are still relevant today, since many of the vices that the writer scourged have not yet been eliminated .. Chekhov's magnificent stories brought up a human personality in me, made me kinder to people, taught me to love and sacrifice myself for the sake of happiness on earth.

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"His enemy was vulgarity..."

(about the stories of A.P. Chekhov)

Especially Chekhov was unbearable self-humiliation of man, servility, servility. In a number of stories, the writer mercilessly ridiculed servitude, the slavish psychology of people. In "The Death of an Official" Chekhov tells about the little official Chervyakov, who, sitting in the theater and accidentally sneezing, splashed the state councilor. The very name of the hero speaks of the essence of the behavior of this person. He wriggles like a worm in front of a higher rank and after repeated apologies, without calming down, terribly worried, he dies.

Another story is "Thick and Thin". At the station, two friends met by chance: a fat one and a thin one. They are both happy to meet, embrace. But when the thin one suddenly finds out that his friend has risen to the rank of secret adviser, he suddenly turns pale, embarrassed and begins to behave differently: subtle was written so much reverence, sweetness and respectful acidity that the Privy Councilor vomited.

In Ward No. 6, the writer talks about an already established personality, and Chekhov writes about the fall of a person, his gradual degradation in the story "Ionych". This is a story about how a good person with good inclinations gradually turns into a stupid, greedy and indifferent layman. The hero of the story, Dmitry Ionych Startsev, is a young doctor, full of energy and strength, so passionate about his work that even on holidays he did not have free time, interested in literature and art. He feels lonely among the townsfolk, he has nothing to talk about with them. But gradually Startsev gets used to the boring philistine environment, and his family name is "Ionych". The hero puts up with the environment and turns into a well-fed, important, indifferent to everything tradesman. Now he willingly plays cards in the evenings, and when he comes home, he counts money with pleasure. In four years, Startsev's soul hardened, and his activities turned into a means of acquiring capital.

Chekhov believed that a person should have a high life goal, and when it is insignificant, then a person becomes small. Such is the hero of the story "Gooseberries", who all his life dreamed of getting rich, acquiring his estate and planting gooseberries in it. By the end of his life, his dream came true. The hero has turned into a savage man, a stupid, fat man in the street. Chekhov said that a person needs not three arshins of earth, but the whole globe so that he can apply his strength, vigor, youth: "While you are young, strong, cheerful, do not get tired of doing good!"

Chekhov was convinced that labor guides and ennobles a person. In addition, the writer considered the ability to feel, to love important for people. Love kills vulgarity, its germs.

A noble goal, work and love - that's what can defeat vulgarity. This is what Chekhov called for in his works. Chekhov's stories are still relevant today, since many of the vices that the writer scourged have not yet been eliminated. .The magnificent stories of Chekhov brought up a human personality in me, made me kinder to people, taught me to love and sacrifice myself for the sake of happiness on earth.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a famous Russian writer, a master of a short story. A wonderful, noble man, he dreamed that people were beautiful, happy and free. He said: "Everything in a person should be beautiful: the face, and clothes, and the soul, and thoughts." Unfortunately, in real life there were few beautiful people, more often the writer had to deal with rudeness, rudeness, heartlessness and groveling - with all that Chekhov calls vulgarity. In the name of love for a person, he ridiculed philistinism, vulgarity, philistinism - everything that disfigures the soul. Gorky said of Chekhov: "Vulgarity was his enemy, and he fought against it all his life." Especially Chekhov was unbearable self-humiliation of man, servility, servility. In a number of stories, the writer mercilessly ridiculed servitude, the slavish psychology of people. In The Death of an Official, Chekhov tells of the little official Chervyakov, who, sitting in the theater and accidentally sneezing, splashed the state councilor. The very name of the hero speaks of the essence of the behavior of this person. He wriggles like a worm in front of a higher rank and after repeated apologies, without calming down, terribly worried, he dies.

Another short story is "Thick and Thin". At the station, two friends met by chance: a fat one and a thin one. They are both happy to meet, embrace. But when the thin one suddenly finds out that his friend has risen to the rank of privy councilor, he suddenly turns pale, embarrassed and begins to behave differently: “So much reverence, sweetness and respectful acid were written on the face of the thin one, that the privy councilor vomited.”

People of this type take revenge on the subordinates. Chekhov depicted such a hero in the story "Chameleon". In the course of the story, the policeman Ochumelov, who was trying to figure out who the dog belonged to, constantly changes his behavior depending on who was called in the crowd. If it was a high-ranking person, the hero was ready to "walk on his hind legs" and curry favor with the dog. When they called a person of low rank, Ochumelov behaved rudely, in a businesslike way. Chekhov was also worried that vulgarity was also infecting the intelligentsia. In the story "Mask" the writer denounces licentiousness, permissiveness. Vulgarity has many faces. Often the heroes of Chekhov's stories are doctors - after all, the writer himself is also a doctor. The hero of the story "Ward No. 6", Dr. Ragin, is in charge of the hospital, knowing full well that the conditions in it are unbearable - here, unsanitary conditions reign, the sick are poorly fed, beaten. The hospital is like a prison. But Ragin does not react to what is being done in the hospital, justifying himself by the fact that life cannot be changed. He convinces himself that man must suffer. This philosophy of reconciliation leads the hero to the fact that he moves away from worldly worries, reconciles with evil and begins to commit it himself. Chekhov also called this psychology of reconciliation vulgarity. In Ward No. 6, the writer talks about an already established personality, and Chekhov writes about the fall of a person, his gradual degradation in the story “Ionych”. This is a story about how a good person with good inclinations gradually turns into a stupid, greedy and indifferent layman. The hero of the story, Dmitry Ionych Startsev, is a young doctor, full of energy and strength, so passionate about his work that even on holidays he did not have free time, interested in literature and art. He feels lonely among the townsfolk, he has nothing to talk about with them. But gradually Startsev gets used to the boring philistine environment, and his family name is “Ionych”. The hero puts up with the environment and turns into a well-fed, important, indifferent to everything tradesman. Now he willingly plays cards in the evenings, and when he comes home, he counts money with pleasure. In four years, Startsev's soul hardened, and his activities turned into a means of acquiring capital.

Chekhov seeks to uncover the causes that give rise to Chervyakovs and their ilk. First of all, it is social reality itself. In society, there were, as it were, two classes: those in power and slaves. In the service, unquestioning obedience was accepted, which gave rise to fear, worship, self-humiliation. Another reason that generates vulgarity is the social environment. In the story "Ionych" it is seen how the philistine mud sucks Dr. Startsev. There was a library in the city that no one visited. When Startsev spoke about honest work, they did not understand him and were offended by him. The only "interesting and educated" family in the city was the Turkin family. But, having recognized family members, the reader immediately understands that they are boring and mediocre. Around Startsev reigned petty-bourgeois satiety, indifference, a calm, idle life. This environment had a detrimental effect on the hero, and he gradually turned into a mean, boring person. But Chekhov believed that much depends on the person himself, that a true person is able to resist the influence of the environment. Such is Dr. Dymov from the story "The Jumper". The idle, empty life that his wife leads did not suck him in because he is selflessly devoted to his work, he is all in the work that he loves very much. He even dies saving a sick child. Nadia in the story "The Bride" found the strength to escape from the swamp of philistine, "case" life and leave to study in the capital. Thus, Chekhov believes that only the environment cannot be blamed, there is a wormhole in the person himself. If the inclinations, high aspirations are not realized, then the person did not have inner strength and firm convictions.

Chekhov believed that a person should have a high life goal, and when it is insignificant, then a person becomes small. Such is the hero of the story "Gooseberry", who all his life dreamed of getting rich, acquiring his estate and planting gooseberries in it. By the end of his life, his dream came true. The hero has turned into a savage man, a stupid, fat man in the street. Chekhov said that a person needs not three arshins of earth, but the entire globe so that he can apply his strength, vigor, youth: “While young, strong, cheerful, do not get tired of doing good!”

Chekhov was convinced that labor guides and ennobles a person. In addition, the writer considered the ability to feel, to love important for people. Love kills vulgarity, its germs.

The magnificent stories of Chekhov brought up a human personality in me, made me kinder to people, taught me to love and sacrifice myself for the sake of happiness on earth.

All Chekhov's stories evoke a deep emotional response in the reader, because each work is written off from nature. One of the properties of human life, to the greatest regret, is a huge, all-consuming vulgarity. This vulgarity does not allow a person to exist in peace, it puts pressure on him, making his whole life unhappy and miserable. Chekhov states that with all this, some people not only do not try to fight this vulgarity, but even cultivate it in every possible way.
Suffice it to recall Chekhov's story "The Man in the Case". The Greek teacher Belikov appears to the reader as a surprisingly unpleasant type. It is disgusting both in itself and in all its manifestations. It turns out that "this little man, who always walked around in galoshes and with an umbrella, held the entire gymnasium in his hands for fifteen whole years." Belikov is absolutely alien to respect for others, love, compassion. He lives in his closed little world among circulars and rules written by no one knows who. Belikov is completely unspiritual, despite the fact that, being a gymnasium teacher, he can be considered an educated person. The man in the case does not even spare himself. He puts many restrictions on his own life.
The author speaks of this as follows: “And at home the same story: a dressing gown, a cap, shutters, latches, a whole series of all sorts of prohibitions, restrictions, and - oh, no matter how it happens! Lenten food is harmful, it’s impossible to eat lean, because, perhaps, they will say that Belikov does not fulfill fasts, and he ate pike perch in cow butter - food is not lean, but it cannot be said that it’s fast.
Even such trifles draw a very colorful image of a man in a case. He is completely unnatural, from driving deep into himself all the natural manifestations of his soul. He is ruthless to others if their behavior does not comply with certain established rules and circulars. He is low, capable of meanness, and evokes neither pity nor sympathy.
The relationship between Belikov and Varenka is interesting. At first glance, it seems that at least some human weaknesses and feelings have finally appeared in the soul of a person in a case. But it was not there. The episode when Belikov saw Varenka riding a bicycle showed the true nature of the man in the case. He is not able to forgive any inconsistency with the rules of everyone around, and Varenka is no exception. Naturally, Belikov is outraged that the girl rides a bicycle. Although if you think about it, there is absolutely nothing reprehensible in this. Each person is free to manage his own life and do what he sees fit, and even such a trifle as riding a bicycle does not at all deserve such close attention and serious resonance.
True, Belikov has a different opinion about this “incident”. He seeks to subordinate everything around to the established rules, and any discrepancy plunges him into shock. Why did Belikov die? He died of shock, because he had to face something out of the ordinary. Belikov was humiliated, trampled, and then also ridiculed. The death of Belikov caused deep relief among those around him. They felt freer, though not for long.
At the end of the story, the reader is offered the author’s thought about how common the notorious “case” is in the surrounding life: ? And the fact that we spend our whole lives among idlers, quarrelsome, stupid, idle women, talking and listening to various nonsense - is this not a case?
We have to admit that it is very difficult for a person to influence the boundaries of this very “case”. And life turns out to be unreal, miserable, turns into a gray and useless vegetative life. Chekhov's story "The Man in the Case" shows how strong vulgarity can be, preventing a person from thinking and acting as his soul longs for. Nevertheless, such an event in the story as the death of Belikov indicates that vulgarity can still be dealt with. It only takes a little effort from a person to turn everything around. For example, in this story, in order to cope with Belikov, it was enough to laugh at him, not being afraid to show true feelings
The story "Gooseberry" is no less tragic. It shows how miserable a man's dream can be, to which he devoted his whole life. Nicholas had a desire to live in his own house, enjoying peace and quiet. For many years the dream was unrealizable, but the man tried with all his might to realize it. And he saw the gooseberry, a simple garden berry, as an indispensable attribute of his future happiness. To achieve his dream, he was ready to limit himself in everything: “He lived sparingly: he did not eat, did not drink enough, dressed God knows how, like a beggar, and saved everything and put it in the bank. Terribly greedy.”
In order to bring his dream closer, Nikolai married an elderly and unattractive woman. He brought an unfortunate woman to death with a half-starved existence. And at the same time, he never for a moment had the thought that he was responsible not only for the fact that her life was absolutely bleak, but also for her death.
Finally, the dream came true. Nicholas succeeded in fulfilling his wish. “This was no longer the former timid poor official, but a real landowner, gentleman.” A person appears completely satisfied with his life. It would seem that it has come true, the dream of a man has come true! One can only be glad for such a lucky man. But at the same time, how low and disgustingly wretched this petty official seems, who spent his whole life on becoming the owner of a small estate! There is nothing sacred in the soul of such a person, he is not capable of lofty feelings, compassion, respect, love. His only love in his life was the dream of a house. Thoughts of material well-being blinded the eyes of the unfortunate for many years. The vulgarity of a wretched existence is visible in everything, a person does nothing to escape from the atmosphere that suffocates with his vulgarity and wretchedness, on the contrary, he is truly happy.
However, for his neglect of his own soul, he gets a hundredfold - spiritual degradation leads to the fact that a person almost completely loses his human appearance, he turns into a base creature that has no ideals, does not have kindness and nobility.
The title of the story has a very deep meaning. It turns out that the whole life of the official Nikolai was devoted to one goal - the enjoyment of sour gooseberries. Isn't this a terrible human tragedy that makes one seriously think about the meaninglessness of such an existence?
But, denouncing human vices, Chekhov necessarily speaks of the possibility of salvation. Along with small, vulgar, truly disgusting people, there are other characters in his works. For example, in the story "Gooseberry" this is Ivan Ivanovich. He is the brother of Nikolai, about whom so much has been said above. But how different siblings can be! Ivan Ivanovich is completely different, he has other desires and aspirations. It is in his mouth that Chekhov puts the following statement: “... do not calm down, do not let yourself be put to sleep! while you are young, strong, cheerful, do not get tired of doing good! There is no happiness, and there should not be, and if there is a meaning and purpose in life, then this meaning and purpose is not at all in our happiness, but in something more reasonable and greater. Do good!”. True, after these phrases, the author immediately states that “Ivan Ivanovich said all this with a pitiful, begging smile, as if he asked for it personally.”
Therefore, the reader can draw a conclusion about the power of all-consuming vulgarity, breaking out of the shackles of which is very, very difficult. Yes, Ivan Ivanovich was ready to be completely different, he wants to oppose something to the callous and miserable little world in which there are people like his brother Nikolai. But, unfortunately, Ivan Ivanych has too little strength. Thus, in the story, Ivan Ivanovich serves only as a reminder of the possible opposition to vulgarity. He himself is too weak, but someone can be stronger and win this confrontation.
The story "About Love" prompts the reader to think about the complexity and incomprehensibility of human feelings. The characters of the story have lengthy conversations about love, as if trying to understand this complex and multifaceted phenomenon. At the very beginning, the conversation is based on the story of Pelageya's love for the cook Nikanor. The cook was a drunkard, and besides, he had a violent temper, which, however, did not prevent the woman from loving him sincerely and with all devotion. That is why the speakers have a completely logical question: “How is love born, why didn’t Pelageya fall in love with someone else, more suitable for her in terms of her spiritual and external qualities, but fell in love with Nicanor?”.
Discussing such issues, everyone present does not come to any definite conclusion. And therefore they remain of the opinion that love "is a great mystery."
This is followed by the love story of one of those present - Alekhine. His story is rather banal. Once Alekhine fell in love with a young woman, the wife of one of his good friends named Luganovich. Recalling all this, Alekhine confirms that: “It’s a thing of the past, and now it would be difficult for me to determine what, in fact, was so unusual in her that I liked her so much, then at dinner everything was irresistibly clear to me; I saw a young, beautiful, kind, intelligent woman... a woman I had never met before...”.
Anna Alekseevna Luganovich made a strong impression on Alekhine. It seemed to him that he saw in front of him an amazing woman, different from all the people around her. He rarely saw his beloved, but the memories warmed his soul, making him almost happy. And every time he tried to find an answer to the question - why did the young, smart, beautiful Anna marry a completely uninteresting and simple person who is almost twice her age.
Apparently, Anna herself began to have tender feelings for Alekhine. At least she always confessed to him that she expected and anticipated his every visit. Lovers often talked to each other, without revealing their feelings to each other. Alekhine often thought about what would happen if Anna went with him. His opinion is interesting, which is impossible not to quote: “Where could I take her? Another thing is if I had a beautiful, interesting life, if, for example, I fought for the liberation of my homeland or was a famous scientist, artist, artist, otherwise, from one ordinary, everyday situation, I would have to carry her away to another of the same or even more everyday.”
Long reflections did not help the lovers to reveal their true feelings to each other. Meanwhile, time passed, Anna Alekseevna's mood gradually deteriorated, "there was a consciousness of an unsatisfied, spoiled life." In fact, what illuminated her life? Everyday worries and troubles could not please a smart and intelligent woman, she apparently did not love her husband. And a loved one could not find enough courage in himself to be the first to take a step towards.
When the time comes to part, finally, the lovers confess their true feelings to each other. And only now did Alekhine understand, “how unnecessary, petty, and how deceptive was everything that prevented us from loving. I realized that when you love, then in your reasoning about this love you need to start from something higher, from something more important than happiness or unhappiness, sin or virtue in their current sense, or you don’t need to reason at all.
Unfortunately, Alekhine realized this too late. For a long time, he and his beloved were under the rule of secular conventions. That is why they lost their love. In addition, each of them clearly underestimated their feelings, took them for something insignificant and unimportant. Otherwise, they would have found the courage to change their own lives. An amazing human feeling of love turned out to be buried under a heavy gravestone of vulgarity, indifference and everyday bustle. The lovers above all put their debt of honor to Luganovich, children, and finally, society. But by observing such conventions, they deprived themselves not only of joy and hope for happiness, but also of the meaning of life.
And this is precisely the deepest tragedy of people, such a tragedy knows no boundaries, moreover, it seems absolutely meaningless. The heroes of the story did not find a way out of the situation, which distorted their lives.

"Ionych Chekhov" - What is philistinism? Inappropriate jokes and whispering are prohibited. Do Ionychi meet now? Say what you think, but think what you say. Questions. Dispute rules. A sharp, well-aimed word is welcome. Is the cat a positive or a negative character? Epigraphs. What is happiness for each of the characters in the story?

"Stories of Chekhov and Bunin" - No, we don't need such things. The stories of the early Bunin are distinguished by: M .: Vyssh. school, 2002. In addition to the ring frame, this story also has a cumulative plot. So they joked, it happened: oh you, Che-ho-you! A. Chekhov I. Bunin. Reader, ed. Research in the field of the structure of a work of art:

"Thick and thin Chekhov" - Lessons from childhood. The story of A.P. Chekhov "Thick and Thin". The office of A.P. Chekhov in the house on Sadovo-Kudrinskaya. I received a religious education as a child... What is the reason for the subtle mood change? What makes you think so? Tragic Dramatic Humorous. Early stories by A.P. Chekhov. Subservience Self-deprecation Cow-worshiping Reverence.

"Anton Chekhov" - Photo 1892 CHEKHOV. 1. Introductory speech of the teacher about the goals and objectives of the lesson. 2. Acquaintance with the biography of A.P. Chekhov. A..P. Chekhov was born on 17 (29) January 1860 in the city of Taganrog. Nature richly endowed the children of the Chekhovs. The Chekhov family lived in the 19th century. Photo 1897.

"A.P. Chekhov" - From the known to the unknown. Place of work. School built by Chekhov. Chekhov's face changed every year. Dreams. All his life, A.F. Dyakonov wore galoshes even in very good weather. Thoughts. Physics, natural history. Believe it or not, but, in my opinion, a wonderful generation is now growing up.

"Chekhov's longing" - Not a soul in the square ... Why is no one in the crowd laughing at Ochumelov? Police warder Ochumelov in a new overcoat and with a bundle in his hand. A red-haired policeman with a sieve filled to the brim with confiscated gooseberries. Policeman Ochumelov with his assistant Eldyrin are walking across the square. The layman is a person who lives by petty, personal interests.

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