In Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri", a young man who escaped from the monastery is shown as a romantic hero. The author develops in his work the ideas of protest and courage. Mikhail Yuryevich almost completely excluded from his creation the love motive, which played a large role in his poem "Confession". This motive in "Mtsyri" was reflected only in a fleeting meeting of the protagonist with a Georgian woman, which took place near a mountain stream.
Defeating the impulse of his young heart, Mtsyri for the sake of the ideal of freedom refuses personal happiness. In the poem, the patriotic idea is inextricably linked with the theme of freedom. This is also observed in the work of the Decembrist poets. Mikhail Yurievich does not share these concepts. In his work, the "fiery passion" merges the thirst for will and love for the Fatherland. Mtsyri is very attractive as a romantic hero. The plan for analyzing this character should include his relationship to the monastery. We will talk about this now.
Mtsyri's relationship to the monastery
The monastery for our hero is a prison. The cells seem stuffy to him, and the walls are deaf and gloomy. The monk guards appear to the protagonist as miserable and cowardly, and he himself is a prisoner and a slave. The impulse to freedom is due to his desire to find out why we were born into the world, "for will or prison." For the young man, the few days he spent in peace after escaping from the monastery turn out to be a will. Outside the blank walls, he lived a full life, and did not vegetate. The hero calls the time. It is during the days spent at large that the image of Mtsyra is fully revealed. As a romantic hero, he manifests himself behind the walls of the monastery.
Patriotism of the protagonist
Least of all, the freedom-loving patriotism of the protagonist is similar to the love for expensive graves and beautiful native landscapes, although Mtsyri yearns for them. He truly loves his Fatherland, wants to fight for her freedom. With undoubted sympathy, Mikhail Yurievich sings of these youthful dreams. The work does not reveal the aspirations of the protagonist to the end, but in hints they are quite palpable. The young man remembers his acquaintances and his father mainly as warriors. It is not by chance that this hero dreams of battles in which he is the winner. No wonder his dreams are drawn into the world of battles and worries.
Character of the main character
Mtsyri as a romantic hero is shown brave and courageous. He himself is convinced that "in the land of the fathers" he could be one of the "dares". And although this hero was not destined to experience the rapture of battle, he is a real warrior in terms of his character. From a young age, Mtsyri was distinguished by severe restraint. Proud of this, the hero says that he has never known tears. Only during the escape, the young man gives free rein to tears, since no one sees them. The will of the protagonist was tempered by loneliness in the monastery walls. It is no coincidence that it was on a stormy night that Mtsyri decided to escape: the timid monks were frightened by the revelry of the elements, but not this young man. By the storm, he had only a feeling of brotherhood.
Resilience and masculinity of a young man
The stamina and masculinity of Mtsyri manifests itself with the greatest force in the episode of the battle with the leopard. The grave did not frighten him, since he understood that returning to the monastery would be a continuation of suffering. The tragic ending created by the author shows that the spirit of the hero does not weaken due to the approach of death. His freedom-loving patriotism does not disappear in front of her face. Mtsyri do not force to repent the exhortations of the monk. He says that he would trade eternity and paradise again for a few minutes spent among loved ones. It is not Mtsyri's fault that the circumstances could not be overcome, and he could not get into the ranks of the fighters. The hero tried in vain to argue with his fate. He was defeated, but internally not broken. Mtsyri is a positive hero of Russian literature. His integrity, masculinity, courage were a reproach to the inactive and fearful representatives of the noble society, modern Lermontov.
The role of the landscape in revealing character
The Caucasian landscape serves to reveal the image of a young man from the poem "Mtsyri". Like a romantic hero, despising the environment, he feels kinship only with nature. Growing up within the walls of a monastery, he compares himself to a hothouse leaf. Breaking free, he raises his head along with the flowers at sunrise. Being a child of nature, Mtsyri falls to the ground and, like the hero of fairy tales, learns the secret of the prophetic chirping of birds, the riddles of their songs. He understands the thought of those eager to meet the disconnected rocks, the dispute with the stones of the stream. The young man's gaze is sharpened: he notices how the fur of the leopard shimmers with silver, how the scales of a snake shine, sees a pale strip between earth and sky and the teeth of distant mountains. Mtsyri, as the romantic hero of the poem, thinks that through the blue of the sky he could see the flight of angels.
Traditions of romanticism and new features of Lermontov's poem
Of course, Mikhail Yuryevich's poem continues the traditions of romanticism. This is evidenced, in particular, by the central image of the work. Full of fiery passions, Mtsyri as a romantic hero, lonely and gloomy, reveals his soul in a confession story. In this, Mikhail Yuryevich followed tradition. All this is typical of romanticism. Nevertheless, Lermontov, who wrote his poem during the years when he was working on the realistic work A Hero of Our Time, introduced features into Mtsyri that were not characteristic of his earlier poems. Indeed, the past of the heroes of Boyar Orsha and Confession remains unknown to us. We do not know what social conditions influenced the formation of their characters. And in the work "Mtsyri" we find lines that the childhood and adolescence of the protagonist were unhappy. This helps us to better understand his thoughts and experiences. It should also be noted that the form of confession, so characteristic of poems in the style of romanticism, is associated with the desire to "tell the soul", that is, to reveal it as deeply as possible. Such detailing of experiences, the psychologism of the work are natural for Lermontov, since he simultaneously created a socio-psychological novel.
The combination in the confession of numerous metaphors of a romantic nature (images of flame, fire), with the poetically sparse and precise speech of the introduction, characteristic of realism, is very expressive. The poem begins with the lines: "Once upon a time a Russian general ..." The work, romantic in its form, testified to the fact that realistic tendencies were becoming more and more distinct in Lermontov's work.
Lermontov's innovation
So, we opened the topic "Mtsyri as a romantic hero." Lermontov entered Russian literature as a successor to the Decembrist poets and the traditions of Pushkin. However, he also introduced something new into the development of the Russian artistic word.
Belinsky said that we can talk about the so-called Lermontov element. The critic explained that it meant, first of all, "an original living thought." Of course, it is also felt in the creation of such an image as Mtsyri. As a romantic hero, this young man was briefly characterized by us. You saw that there are some realistic features in the work.
Considering Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" as a romantic work, it makes sense to recall, first of all, the main features inherent in any romantic work. Firstly, this is the transfer of attention to the main character, his thoughts, feelings and experiences. Secondly, it is the realization in the text of the main principle of romanticism: the depiction of an unusual hero in unusual circumstances. Thirdly, making the main task of conveying the romantic rebellion of the hero, the author often carelessly handles the facts, generally pays little attention to the world around him.
Landscape "Mtsyri" as an element of a romantic poem
In "Mtsyri" all of the above conditions are met. Lermontov chooses an exotic setting for his work: a monastery in the Caucasus. Thanks to this, he can build a romantic contrast: the stuffy, cramped walls of the monastery, in which Mtsyri languishes - and the majestic nature of the Caucasus, mountains visible in the distance, impenetrable forests, flowing mountain streams. Fancifulness, non-standard landscape - this is what each line is filled with: "I saw mountain ranges, / Fanciful, like dreams."
A mysterious picture looms before us, besides, the Caucasus, both for Lermontov and for his compatriots, was a symbol of liberty, freedom (recall another poem by Lermontov about the Caucasus: “Perhaps, behind the ridge of the Caucasus I will hide from your kings, From their all-seeing eyes, From their all-hearing ears). It is to this freedom that the main character aspires. It is fair to say that the mountains, along with the sea, are one of the most characteristic landscapes for romanticism.
Unusual hero "Mtsyri"
The hero himself, described by Lermontov, is also unusual. After analyzing it, we can prove that the poem "Mtsyri" is romantic.
Very little is told about the life of Mtsyri. This is precisely the feature of a romantic work: to envelop the hero in mystery. How he grew up and was brought up - all this remains outside the scope of the story. Not even a detailed description of Mtsyri's appearance is given. But the three culminating days are depicted in great detail, when the hero finally receives the desired freedom. This is important, because it is at this moment that Mtsyri reveals himself as a romantic rebel hero, not understood by the outside world (in this situation, by the monastery).
The very nature of his rebellion is not completely clear and explained. As Mtsyri himself says, he "knew only one thought power, one - but a fiery passion." And this passion was an escape. But how could a young man, who at the time of the story is hardly twenty years old, learn about life in the wild? Brought to the monastery as a child, he practically does not remember his former life, and his desire for freedom comes not from the rational - memories, the desire to return the past, but from the irrational. That is, from a deep desire for a free life without any prohibitions, which is characteristic of a romantic hero.
Romanticism as a direction is characterized by a clear division of the world into two sides, into black and white, into right and wrong. The same maximalism is displayed in the hero of Lermontov's work. Mtsyri is convinced that life is possible only in freedom. And, remaining true to his convictions to the end, he dies, returning to the monastery. It is not the wounds received in the fight with the leopard that kill him, but the thirst for freedom, expressed in the poem in the form of a flame: "And he burned his prison."
Here, in Mtsyra's desire to break away from the monastery walls, another feature of romanticism is realized: a person's desire to change the unnatural environment to the natural one. In the monastery, Lermontov (and after him his hero) saw an environment that was not natural for a person. “I returned to my prison” - this is how Mtsyri speaks of him. And this is a dungeon not only for Mtsyri alone, no, the image can be viewed more broadly, as a dungeon of earthly existence for the free human spirit. At the end of the poem, the hero breaks the shackles that bound him and gains freedom, but not in this, but in another world. The death of the hero, we note, is also very characteristic of Romanism.
Compositional construction of the poem
The features of romanticism in the poem "Mtsyri" are also manifested in the compositional construction of the poem: the narrative is focused on one, the most important episode from the life of Mtsyri, and in the form of a lyrical confession of the hero. The form of confession is a classic device for romantic works. The episode of the struggle with the leopard, which critics single out as the key one in the poem, also deserves attention. In it, Mtsyri is revealed as a fearless fighter, like a real hero, worthy of his wild and fearless ancestors. Although Mtsyri's escape was unsuccessful, the climax chosen by the author suggests the opposite: nothing can break his hero. He won, and his victory is the victory of a romantic.
Based on the analysis, we can unambiguously consider "Mtsyri" as a romantic poem. It depicts a non-standard hero in non-standard circumstances, and the whole work as a whole is based on the image of Mtsyri's romantic experiences. And the strong, rebellious and passionate image of the hero created by Lermontov invariably resonates with readers.
The facts described in this article will be useful to students in grade 8 when writing an essay on the topic ""Mtsyri" as a romantic poem."
Artwork test
Literature lesson in grade 8 01/23/12.
Features of romanticism in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri". literary conflict.
Lesson objectives:
1) images:
- knowledge : acquaintance with the peculiarities of Lermont's rum-zma; literary conflict in a rum work
- skills and competencies: learning to analyze the worst text, the ability to find the features of the rum hero in the image.
2) general education : the ability to formulate an oral response on the topic and, based on the comprehension of what has been read, analyze and summarize.
3) educational task: formation of a worldview position, understanding of conceptsinner world, soul, spirituality, personality conflict; enrichment of the emotional range, the ability to sympathize, empathize.
Equipment:
- the text of the poem
- multimedia projector
- a laptop
- screen
During the classes
I Organizing moment.
II Introduction. Setting goals and objectives of the lesson.
Today we will again turn to the image of Mtsyri. But consider it from the standpoint of romantic traditions and innovation.
Any epic (and lyrical-epic) work is characterized by the presence of conflict. Including in a romantic work.
Conflict - what does this concept mean? (collision individual and society contradiction in views, positions)
slide 1 Let's turn to the epigraph of our lesson (read:“What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature…!”) Who are these words about? (About Mtsyri)
What is a soul? ( inner world person, his experiences, feelings). Let's try to link these 2 concepts: the inner world of the hero and the conflict, to understand how they are interconnected in Lermontov's work
What are the main, supporting concepts of today's lesson (the inner world of the hero, literary conflict) slide 2
III Work on the topic of the lesson
Lermontov does not give us a detailed description of Mtsyri's life in the monastery. Why? (because life was boring, monotonous, in prayers and fasting, without vivid impressions) slide 3
The symbol of what was the monastery for Mtsyri? (he became a "captivity", "prison", a symbol of captivity, imprisonment "with stuffy cells")
But how did the “fiery soul” of the boy manifest itself already in childhood? ( he is hardy, "no complaints he languished - not even a faint moan escaped from the children's lips", "he is wild", distrustful, "he rejected food with a sign and quietly, proudly died)
Can it be argued that later he lived in constant conflict with the society of monks who surrounded him with care and affection?(no, because they loved him, wanted to introduce him to their brotherhood, looked for him, nursed him, and he got used to them)
Mtsyri got used to it later, reconciled, but did she reconcile him soul ? (No. Later, after the escape, he will say in his confession: “Long time ago I thought
Look at the distant fields
Find out if the earth is beautiful
Find out for freedom or prison
We will be born into this world"
“Then, without wasting empty tears,
In my heart I swore an oath:
Though for a moment someday
my burning chest
Press with longing to the chest of another,
Though unfamiliar, but dear")
So what was hidden from childhood in the "fiery soul" of Mtsyri? To what "one but fiery passion" did he devote his life?(desire to be free , escape to that world of "alarms and battles, where rocks // hide in clouds, // where people are free, like eagles"; “... I have one goal //– to pass into darling country // - had in my soul")
He received this freedom. What did she become?(in the violent, powerful nature with which he merged; in the beauty of a young Georgian woman, childhood memories, the opportunity to fight, to test his strength:
He saw "lush fields,
Crowned hills
Trees that have grown around ... "
"I saw mountain ranges,
Freaky like dreams…»
"In the distance I saw through the mist,
In the snows burning like a diamond
gray-haired, unshakable Caucasus…»
And I remembered our peaceful home
And before the evening hearth
Long stories about
How did the people of the past live?
When the world was even richer.
"I was blooming all around God's garden...
Thus, we see that another world Mtsyri perceives with delight, enthusiasm. But did this world accept him the way he wanted?(not quite. At first he met him with a thunderstorm, did not allow passage into the thicket - and Mtsyri got lost, then he experienced hunger, thirst, and finally, a battle with a leopard
“I got scared; on the edge
Of the threatening abyss I lay,
Where howled, spinning, angry shaft;
There were steps of rocks;
But only an evil spirit walked over them ... "
« In vain in a frenzy sometimes
I tore with a desperate hand
Blackthorn, tangled with ivy ... "
“... I was a stranger
For them forever, like a beast of the steppe ... "
"... burned me
The fire of the pitiless day.")
Did Mtsyri oppose himself to this world? Or did he want to be part of it?(Nature is akin to Mtsyri himself: beautiful, strong, majestic. He “caught lightning with his hand”, “would be glad to hug the storm”, compares himself with the beast)
Next, the basis of the literary conflict is not here!
Let's return to the inner world of Mtsyri, his soul. What did Mtsyri learn about himself when he was released? (that he is capable of strong feelings, fearless, purposeful. But he was not destined to find the way to his distant homeland:
"But in vain I argued with fate
She laughed at me!"
“... I could not understand for a long time that again
returned I'm going to my prison..."
And then I vaguely understood
What is the trace to my homeland
Never lay again"
Why? What is the tragedy of Mtsyri?
(“Prison left its mark on me …” Reality turned out to be stronger.)
4) Conclusion
So, it means that the main conflict of the work is the contradiction between the spiritual impulses, aspirations, ideals of the hero and reality. slide 4
And what was Mtsyri striving for?(to freedom What did freedom mean to him? motherland - in the end) slide 5
Why is Mtsyri dying? (for him there is no life without a homeland and without freedom, especially when he has already tasted all its sweetness)
IV Summarizing conversation
Let's read the continuation of V. Belinsky's statement:
“This is the beloved ideal of our poet, this is the reflection in poetry of the shadow of his own personality.» Slide 6
What does Lermontov have in common with his hero?
(Lermontov also constantly yearned for his homeland, since he spent almost his entire life away from her, in exile.)
He wanted to serve his homeland, but in the conditions of constant inactivity, apathy, in which Russia was in the 30s, this was impossible. With his work, he called for abandoning such a life. The then Russia seemed to him in the form of a prison, imprisonment. His Mtsyri dies undefeated, because he accepted this death in the name of his idea, having lived a short but free life.
You are familiar with other works of Lermontov. In what other poetic images did he embody these same thoughts? ("Sail", Slide 7 "Demon", "Clouds", "Airship"). This is how Lermontov reinterprets the literary conflict in a new way. This is a certain innovative touch to the traditional understanding of the conflict. The poet raises the romantic hero to a new level.
So what is the main conflict of the work?
(in the clash between the hero's ideals and reality)
V Reflection
1) - Continue the statement:
The main feature of Mtsyra is ...
(in writing)
2) Reading answers (2-3 works).
3) - Impressions from the lesson? (you can offer to read some reviews about the work, about Mtsyri)
VI Explanation d / z. Targeting work on the trail. lesson
We will expand our knowledge about the features of a romantic work using the example of Lermontov's work, and get acquainted with other methods of creating romantic images. To do this, we need your knowledge of such techniques as personification, comparison, metaphors. Try to find one example in the text of the poem.
(For "weak students": cards with texts from the poem and questions that help to reveal the metaphor, find personifications, comparisons)
VII The results of the lesson. Evaluation.
1. Find the description of mountain ranges in chapter 6. What are they compared to? What comparison did the poet choose to describe the Caucasus?
2. Re-read Chapter 11. How does Lermontov convey the sounds that Mtsyri hears?
3. Find a description of the leopard. What epithets did the poet use to show his majestic beauty and power?
Epigraph to the lesson: What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature...! V.G. Belinsky
conflict - clash Inner world - soul, feelings, experiences
Life in a monastery Monotony No vivid impressions Renunciation of the joys of earthly existence Voluntary imprisonment Dreams of Mtsyra Diversity of life impressions Freedom, freedom Native land, family, friends Serving the ideal
dream reality conflict
freedom = motherland
“What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has! This is the beloved ideal of our poet, this is the reflection in poetry of his own personality. (V.G. Belinsky)
Mikhail Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" reminds me of the confession of the soul in the last minutes of life. When a person pours out all his experiences, suffering and sadness for his entire life. It would seem that there is nothing beautiful, let alone romantic, but it is not.
The whole confession of a young novice of the monastery is imbued with romanticism. The way he describes nature, for which he always yearns, native places, for a minute stay, where he would refuse both paradise and eternity. His own sisters and father. Everything is full of love and sadness at the same time. Even in the scene where he fights the leopard, there is passion. And how tenderly and reverently he described the Georgian woman, who was descending to the river under the water. She even dreamed of him.
All three days that he was outside the monastery became the most free and colorful. Although the poor novice had to endure a lot, but what he saw, there is nothing to compare with. This is what gives the seemingly tragic poem a romantic mood. In this poem, the author showed that no matter how well you treat a person and take care of him, he will still not find happiness in the walls. He needs freedom, clear skies, birdsong, the murmur of the river and the opportunity to breathe deeply. This is romantic and wonderful.
"Mtsyri" is a romantic poem. Everything in it is unusual: the setting in which the action takes place, the action itself and, of course, the hero.
The hero of the poem is Mtsyri, a non-serving monk. As a six-year-old boy, he ends up in a monastery, where he spends his whole life, far from home, from loved ones, from worldly pleasures. So Lermontov creates exceptional circumstances in which his hero lives. Stuffy cells, constant loneliness - all this is well known to Mtsyri. It is unusual not only that the poet chose a monastery as the scene of action, but also where this monastery is located. Lermontov draws Georgia blooming "in the shade of his gardens." Majestic mountains and the surrounding forest - the picture is really romantic.
The world in all its fullness and beauty opens up to those who escaped from the Mtsyri monastery. He finally finds himself in "a wonderful world of worries and battles, where rocks hide in clouds, where people are free like eagles." The Hero's imagination is struck by lush fields, hills framed by forests, "a chest of dark rocks", mountain ranges smoking "in the hour of dawn." The romantic landscape masterfully created by Lermontov helps to better understand the feelings of the hero, who, after many years of imprisonment, saw this beauty.
With great longing, Mtsyri recalls his fatherland: aul, herds returning from pastures, important elders whitened with gray hair, the brilliance of daggers, a mountain river. The poetically painted picture of Caucasian life also speaks of the romanticism of the poem. Lermontov, who knows the Caucasus well, creates in the poem the image of a young Georgian woman and “dresses” her, a Christian by faith, in a veil. After all, it looks much more mysterious and romantic.
In many ways, it contributes to the creation of a romantic atmosphere and the introduction of a battle with a leopard into the poem. Lermontov borrowed this episode from Georgian folklore. Mtsyra's victory, of course, is exaggerated, but the description of the battle looks very organic in the general context of the work.
The hero of the poem, full of fiery passions, bares his soul of confession. Mtsyri's confession is a big part of the poem, and it is she who contributes to the creation of such a vivid romantic image. Using the form of revelation, the poet seeks to “tell the soul” of the hero more deeply, and the poem acquires an extraordinary psychological quality. Lermontov depicts in detail all the experiences of Mtsyri. To do this, he generously uses numerous artistic techniques.
For a few sips of freedom, the hero is ready to give up two lives in a monastery. Peace and silence cannot replace for him the beauty of the world and shattered youthful dreams. He is lonely and strives for life, full of "alarms and battles", strives to know, "we were born into this world for the will or prison." A prison for Mtsyra is not only a monastery, but also the whole way of a calm and measured life, which is incompatible with the ideas of an ardent and passionate young man about her. Striving for his goal, the hero courageously overcomes many difficulties. He endures the suffering of hunger, boldly rushes into battle with the beast, makes his way through the thorny thorn bush. In a difficult moment, Mtsy-ri does not seek human help. He considers himself a stranger to everyone. “And if even a minute cry changed me, I swear, old man, I would pull out my weak tongue,” the hero admits.
V. G. Belinsky highly appreciated the image of Mtsyri. "What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit," what a gigantic nature this gentleman has! he wrote. The critic considered the hero of the poem Lermontov's ideal, "a reflection in poetry of the shadow of his own personality."
The poem ends, as befits a romantic work: Mtsyri is on the verge of death. He bequeaths to bury himself where the Caucasus is visible from. The hero does not repent of his deed and does not deviate from his dreams.
M. Yu. Lermontov entered Russian literature as a successor to the traditions of Pushkin. However, according to Belinsky, he introduced something special and original into the national literature, the so-called "Lermontov's element." “Everything breathes with original and creative thought,” the critic wrote about his poetry.
